ÿWPCÀ UEª ƒTèLvšò=~˜T0éPú–äD‡„í;á’ÅäU"H¬»igÒP˜ª ˜üî®@ºy7ú¶›š}“ß÷ûÌ9ØÑ¼uχ] ‚3 ì !¹§‹WºBÏcU­¤Ïøï9DG'˜­–ùfÅU»]tòW Yº·ÝsÉèm1Oʰôj´©=#¶EÐU.¤;Kž3Џ޶¼pw™ŽRKAßL7¯.Š«°“eè–ýž"uÉ<= ƒŠ;:žct¸$ú—Ê4ùHfä/Úß }X"C—›8C]’k£ ¥%[Nç9\Î6‘ o—Ï- óBƒðhÑåd@¡ƒ-ü†Åeó›^wÇ×’ãx\‹ÿäDÎ$œx¸äˆQ3Öâ§"©yEÔÑ>¢¿vw€Ê_$AÃÓÍŒ*êSЋ—a¥].Kl“x¿¶™¦¡1;Ûž2ÞìM=²í*¢…  !TÚó pt’­ÖÂ厞ùAw¶õ€†Ê܈§l½“¹$=Óۮ˿ÖÍö™²ˆ×¶£ÄTkê `!% ÐProcedure€by€failing€to€reveal€the€content€of€statements€the€defendant€made€prior€to€trial.€He€arguesÐ Ô&$"& Ðthat€Rule€16(a)(1)(A)€requires€the€prosecution€to€provide€"any€oral€statement€which€the€State€intendsÐ º' #' Ðto€offer€in€evidence€at€the€trial€made€by€the€defendant€whether€before€or€after€arrest€in€response€toÐ  (ð#( Ðinterrogations€by€any€person€then€known€to€the€defendant€to€be€a€law€enforcement€officer€.€.€.€."€€TheÐ †)Ö$) Ðdefendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€prohibited€the€state€from€introducing€hisÐ l*¼%* Ðstatements€to€Crissy€Hammonds€to€the€effect€that€she€should€"keep€her€mouth€shut"€and€"don't€tellÐ R+¢&+ Ð[investigating€officers€and€paramedics]€anything."€€The€defendant€submits€that€because€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðstatements€were€made€in€the€presence€of€a€police€officer,€the€rule€applies€to€these€circumstances.€€Ð ° ÐÌà  àApproximately€15€minutes€before€trial,€defense€counsel€learned€about€the€statements€theÐ |Ì Ðdefendant€had€made€to€Ms.€Hammonds€in€the€presence€of€Sergeant€Myers.€€During€the€state'sÐ b² Ðopening€statement,€the€defense€objected€to€any€reference€to€the€statements.€€After€an€exchange€outÐ H˜ Ðof€the€presence€of€the€jury,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€the€defendant's€admonitions€to€Ms.€HammondsÐ . ~ Ð"to€keep€her€mouth€shut"€and€"don't€tell€them€anything"€were€not€statements€to€the€police€and€wereÐ  d Ðnot€subject€to€the€rules€of€discovery.€€The€trial€court€determined€that€the€evidence€could€be€presentedÐ ú J Ðthrough€Ms.€Hammonds€rather€than€the€police€officer.€€The€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erredÐ à 0 Ðin€making€this€ruling€and€that€the€error€was€not€harmless.€€Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àThe€pertinent€portion€of€the€applicable€rule€provides€as€follows:Ð ’â  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àUpon€request€of€a€defendant,€the€State€shall€permit€the€defendant€toÐ ^®  Ðinspect€and€copy€or€photograph:€any€relevant€written€or€recordedÐ D”  Ðstatements€made€by€the€defendant,€or€copies€thereof,€within€theÐ *z  Ðpossession,€custody€or€control€of€the€State,€the€existence€of€which€isÐ ` Ðknown,€or€by€the€exercise€of€due€diligence€may€become€known,€to€theÐ öF Ðdistrict€attorney€general;€the€substance€of€any€oral€statement€whichÐ Ü, Ðthe€State€intends€to€offer€in€evidence€at€the€trial€òòmade€by€theÐ Â Ðdefendant€whether€before€or€after€arrest€in€response€to€interrogationsÐ ¨ø Ðby€any€person€then€known€to€the€defendant€to€be€a€law€enforcement€Ð ŽÞ Ðofficeróó€.€.€.€.€€ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(a)(1)(A)€(emphasis€added).€€Ð @ ÐÌà  àInitially,€when€there€has€been€a€failure€to€produce€discoverable€material,€the€trial€judge€hasÐ  \ Ðthe€discretion€to€fashion€an€appropriate€remedy.€€Whether€the€defendant€has€been€prejudiced€by€theÐ òB Ðfailure€to€disclose€is€always€a€significant€factor.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€926€S.W.2d€267,€270€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ø( ÐApp.€1995);€òòState€v.€Bakeróó,€751€S.W.2d€154,€160€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Generally€speaking,€theÐ ¾ Ðexclusion€of€the€evidence€is€a€drastic€remedy€and€should€not€be€implemented€unless€there€is€no€otherÐ ¤ô Ðreasonable€alternative.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Houseóó,€743€S.W.2d€141,€147€(Tenn.€1987).€€Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àHere,€the€trial€court€correctly€ruled€that€the€statements€made€by€the€defendant€were€notÐ V"¦! Ðdirected€to€a€law€enforcement€officer€and€were€not€the€result€of€a€police€interrogation.€€TheÐ <#Œ" Ðstatements,€therefore,€did€not€fall€within€the€meaning€of€Rule€16.€€Moreover,€even€if€the€state€shouldÐ "$r# Ðhave€provided€the€defense€with€its€knowledge€of€the€statements€in€advance€of€the€trial,€the€errorÐ %X $ Ðwould€have€been€harmless€in€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€The€proof€was€simplyÐ î%>!% Ðoverwhelming€that€the€defendant€was€the€driver€of€the€vehicle,€that€he€was€intoxicated€at€the€timeÐ Ô&$"& Ðof€the€accident,€and€that€the€victim€died€as€a€result€thereof.€€In€our€view,€the€result€would€have€beenÐ º' #' Ðthe€same€even€if€the€statement€should€have€been€provided€under€Rule€16€and€the€trial€court€hadÐ  (ð#( Ðexcluded€the€testimony.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÐ 8,ˆ', ЇÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à____________________________________Ð –æ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ |Ì ÐÌÌÌÌÌà  àà ` à