WPC XQ%eKnW+dZ~gRDǤQACHP?g2*D+hN\'G=ʣFO fC*9R ((<{D~ڄ'@h?c~| uډ#Oj۳d[NF9) w|R(a1c㵌j0_ΫQ#Ga<[G{pLbZ~Wq6QLW˴kО}g]堨@y|(aNcj:f7b9nR}x;hYyX)*oZ tdvC iHDi!eO޻mEtQzҕOfT$+J &#$ġ޲{0o{I> P6 _%r2 Y~QDy` %@U:F 0(UNw4% 0l 0Dt#!N^  m5U:############## B]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] AQz 0D 0D 0D D3]X,  AZ"Arial Regular($(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegulartpO'3|x 8    `   1    Therewasnoverbatimtranscriptoftheproceedingsavailable.Appellantscounsel,  pursuanttoTenn.R.App.P.24(c),filedastatementoftheevidence.Counselcertifiedthat  noticeoffilingwassenttothestate.Noobjectionswerefiledbythestate.Althoughthetrial | judgedidnotapprovethestatement,itisdeemedapprovedwhenthetrialjudgetakesno b actionwithin30daysafterexpirationoftheperiodforfilingobjections.Tenn.R.App.P. H 24(f).Itisthetrialcourtclerksresponsibilitytosendsuchstatementstothetrialjudge.Id. . ~  ` Althoughnotrelevanttothedispositionofthisappeal,thepartieshavemadereference  0 tofactsnotsetforthinthestatementoftheevidence.Thestatehasmadereferencetoa    negativedrugscreenofthecitizeninformant.Althoughtherewasareferencetothedrug    screeninanaffidavitinthetechnicalrecord,itdoesnotappearinthestatementoftheevidence   andwasnotconsidered. x   ` Counselandtrialcourtsshouldbeawareoftheeffectoffailuretorespondtoan D  appellantsstatementoftheevidence. *z  ((3$ !      0  (#$  0  HP LaserJet 8000 DN PS0 8   `   2    Apparently,defendantswerelivingtogether.SomepleadingsindicateYeomansas   TinaM.Yeomans(Wade).d'L U + ["  _XXXXIBXX   Ad FILEDXXIB  October25,1999Cecil_Crowson_,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdAx ,  AZ"Arial Regular dZ[\]_C<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  """"'dxd !  __XXXXTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T  _@  INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  xY_B2.jz`  `@E` 8ttxP  x@(ATJACKSON@"SEPTEMBER1999SESSIONSTATEOFTENNESSEE, @-)  ` @-) p NO.02C019810CC00312   L   ` Appellee,@-)  8  @-) p HENRYCOUNTY     VS. @-)   @-) p HON.JULIANP.GUINN,   TINAM.YEOMANS h   ) 򀀀JUDGE   andDAVIDMcCLUSTERWADE,JR. @-) p  ~  @-) ` Appellants.@-) p (PossessionofMarijuana) P (  @(#(#( FORTHEAPPELLANT: 8 VICTORIAL.DiBONAVENTURA 104WestWashingtonStreet,Ste.A  Paris,TN38242 x  FORTHEAPPELLEE: 8 PAULG.SUMMERS   AttorneyGeneralandReporter J.ROSSDYER  x AssistantAttorneyGeneralCordellHullBuilding,2ndFloor425FifthAvenueNorthNashville,TN372430493 ROBERT"GUS"RADFORD  !2% DistrictAttorneyGeneral STEVENL.GARRETT  $( AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneralP.O.Box94Paris,TN382420094 )n$- (  @( *:&-  OPINIONFILED:򀀀 N0+3 AFFIRMEDJOEG.RILEY,JUDGE  72; _ 8Xdd8@' OPINION    ` DefendantswereconvictedbyaHenryCountyjuryofsimplepossessionof b marijuana.Inthisappealasofright,defendantscontendthesearchwarrant . ~ affidavitwasinsufficienttoestablishprobablecause.Afterareviewoftherecord,  J we AFFIRM thejudgmentofthetrialcourt.    @+ FACTS  ^   ` TimothyHastings,theseventeenyearoldsonofdefendantYeomans,left F a staterunhalfwayhousewithoutpermission.   #  1      ׀ValerieHancock,twelveyearsof  age,ranawayfromhergrandparentsresidenceandaccompaniedHastingstothe  defendantsresidence   #  2      ׀inParis,Tennessee,hopingtomarryhim.Hastingstoldhis Z motherhehadbeenreleasedfromthehalfwayhouse,andHancockadvised &v Yeomansshehadanotefromhergrandparentsauthorizinghertostaytwoweeks B inParis.   ` Thejuvenilesranawayfromthedefendantsresidencewhendefendant V"! YeomansadvisedthemthatshewouldtakeHancockbackhomethenextday.On "$r# November6,1997,thetwojuveniles werefoundnotinschoolandweretakento %>!% thejuvenilecourtauthorities.ThejuvenileofficerlearnedthatHastingshadleftthe  halfwayhousewithoutpermissionandthatHancockwaslistedasa missing | person. H  ` Hancockadvisedthejuvenileofficerthatsheknewwheresomemarijuana  0 waslocated.DeputySheriffScottWyrickwassummonedandinformedbyHancock    that marijuanacouldbefoundinablackpouchunderthecouchofthe x  defendants[]home.BaseduponhisconversationwithHancock,DeputyWyrick D  submittedthefollowingaffidavitinsupportofhisrequestforasearchwarrant: ` 8 `  OnNovember6,1997,theaffiantintervieweda12yearold , juvenilewhosenamewasValerieHancock.Hancocktoldtheaffiant  thatshehadbeenstayingatTinaYeomansresidenceinHenry  County,Tennessee.HancockhadwitnessedTinaYeomanssmoking  marijuanainsidetheresidenceaslateas11597.Hancockhadseen t YeomansusingandstoringmarijuanathroughoutYeomans Z residence.@` `  8 `  ` `  8 `  Hancockdoesknowwhatmarijuanalookslikeandsmellslike B frombeingarounditbefore.(` `  8 `  JuvenileOfficerKellyPinsonwitnessedtheinterviewbetween  Hancockandtheaffiant. ` `  8 `  BasedonHancocksinformation,theaffiantdoesbelievethat V"! Yeomanshasmarijuanainherresidence.<#"` `  8 `  Hancockgivesthisinformationwillinglyandasksforno %X $ paymentfortheinformation.%>!%` `  TheaffidavitwasexecutedonNovember6,1997,andthesearchwarrantwas )$) issuedbythemagistrateonthesamedate. R+&+  ` Asearchofdefendantshomerevealed ablackpouchunderthecouch .:*/ containingagreenleafyplantmaterialwhichlatertestedtobemarijuana. 0,1 Marijuanawasalsofoundinthemasterbedroom. 2-3  95; @]]" DEFENDANTSCONTENTIONS    ` Defendantscontendthesearchwarrantaffidavitwasfaulty.Specifically,they H avertheaffidavitwasinsufficientforthemagistratetoconsiderHancocka citizen  d informant,andhercredibilitywasnotsufficientlyestablished.Defendantsalso  0 contendtheaffidavitomitsmaterialinformationconcerningHancocksstatuswhich    wasessentialtothemagistratesdeterminationofreliability.Wedisagreewith x  defendantscontentions. D  @$ INFORMANTSSTATUS  ,  ` Informationprovidedbyanordinarycitizenispresumedtobereliable,and t theaffidavitneednotestablishthatthesourceiscredibleorthattheinformationis @ reliable.Statev.Melson,638S.W.2d342,35456(Tenn.1982),cert.denied,459  \ U.S.1137,103S.Ct.770,74L.Ed.2d983(1983).Ontheotherhand,ifthesource ( isacriminalinformant,reliabilitymustbedeterminedbythetwoprongedAguilar  Spinellitest,asadoptedbytheTennesseeSupremeCourtinStatev.Jacumin,778 p!  S.W.2d430,436(Tenn.1989).Underthistest,theaffidavitmustinclude (1)the <#" basisfortheinformantsknowledge,andeither(2)(a)abasisestablishingthe %X $ informantscredibilityor(2)(b)abasisestablishingthattheinformantsinformation &$"& isreliable.Statev.Cauley,863S.W.2d411,417(Tenn.1993)(quotingStatev. (#( Ballard,836S.W.2d560,562(Tenn.1992)). l*%*  ` Inorderfortheinformanttobeconsideredacitizeninformant,theaffidavit .T). shouldcontainmorethanconclusionaryallegationsthattheinformantwasa / +0  concernedcitizensource, actedoncivicduty,and askedfornopaymentfor 1,2 theirinformation.Statev.Stevens,989S.W.2d290,294(Tenn.1999).Generally, h3.4 amoreparticularizedshowingofthelawabidingnatureofthepersonsupplyingthe 4506 informationisneeded.Id.at295.Thereliabilityoftheinformant,aswellasthe 7P28 informationfurnished,mustbejudgedfromallthecircumstancesandfromthe 84: entiretyoftheaffidavit.Cauley,863S.W.2dat417.Afindingofprobablecauseby  theissuingmagistrateisentitledtogreatdeference.Melson,638S.W.2dat357. |  ` Weconfineourexaminationtotheaffidavititself.Theaffidavitspecifically  d namestheinformant,givingherage.Thereasonforherpresenceindefendants  0 residencewassetforth;namely,shehadbeenstayingattheresidence.The    informanthadpersonallywitnessedthesmokingofmarijuanathedaybeforethe x  affidavitsswearing,andhadseenitstored.Further,thejuvenilestatedthatshe D  wasfamiliarwiththeappearanceandsmellofmarijuana.Unfortunately,itisnot ` unreasonabletoconcludethatatwelveyearoldwouldbefamiliarwithmarijuana. , Althoughcertainlynotconclusive,theaffidavitfurtherstatesthattheinformantdid  notseekpaymentfortheinformation.Eventhoughtheageoftheinformantis t certainlyrelevant,themerefactthatthecitizenwasajuvenile,age12,doesnot @ precludeafindingofreliability.SeeEastonv.CityofBoulder,776F.2d1441,1450  \ (10thCir.1985)(permissibletorelyuponstatementsoffiveyearoldandthreeyear ( oldchildreninissuingarrestwarrant).Infact,afindingofprobablecausemayrest  uponevidencewhichisnotlegallycompetentinacriminaltrial.UnitedStatesv. p!  Ventresca,380U.S.102,107,85S.Ct.741,13L.Ed.2d684(1965). <#"  ` Theinformationsetforthintheaffidavitissufficienttoestablishthejuvenile &$"& asa citizeninformantandnota typicalcriminalinformantortipster,oran (#( informantfromthe criminalmilieu.Melson,638S.W.2dat354.Accordingly,the l*%* informationprovidedbythejuvenilewascredibleandprovidedsufficientprobable 8,', causefortheissuanceofthesearchwarrant. .T).  ` Thisissueiswithoutmerit. 1,2  84: @  OMISSIONOFINFORMANTSSTATUS    ` Defendantnextcontendstheofficermisrepresentedmaterialfactsbyfailing H toincludethattheinformantwasunknowntotheaffiant,wasamissingperson,had  d cometoHenryCountytomarryanotherjuvenile,andwasinthepresenceof  0 juvenileauthoritieswhensheprovidedthisinformation.Weconcludethatthe    omissionofthesefactsdoesnotaffectthevalidityofthesearchwarrant. x   ` Anaffidavit,sufficientonitsface,maybeimpeachedonlybyshowing (1)a ` falsestatementmadewithintenttodeceivetheCourt,whethermaterialor , immaterialtotheissueofprobablecause,or (2)afalsestatement,essentialtothe  establishmentofprobablecause,recklesslymade.Statev.Little,560S.W.2d403, t 407(Tenn.1978);seealsoFranksv.Delaware,438U.S.154,15556,98S.Ct. @ 2674,57L.Ed.2d667,672(1978).Afaciallyvalidsearchwarrantmayonlycome  \ underattackwhenthedefenseestablishesthatthesearchwarrantwasprocured ( byofficersthroughperjuryorcoercion.Statev.Cannon,634S.W.2d648,650  (Tenn.Crim.App.1982).Allegationsofnegligenceorinnocentmistakesare p!  insufficienttoinvalidatethesearchwarrant.Franks,438U.S.at171.Inorderto <#" beentitledtorelief,adefendantmustshowthattherecklessstatementswere %X $ necessarytothefindingofprobablecause.Id.at15556;seealsoStatev.Smith, &$"& 867S.W.2d343,350(Tenn.Crim.App.1993).Theburdenisonthedefendantto (#( establishtheallegationofperjuryorrecklessdisregardbyapreponderanceofthe l*%* evidence.SeeFranks,438U.S.at156. 8,',  ` Clearly,thedefendantsdonotfallwithinpurviewofLittleinthattheaffidavit / +0 didnotcontaina falsestatement.Little,560S.W.2dat407.Instead,defendants 1,2 arguethatthe omissionofmaterialfactsinvalidatesthesearchwarrant.Although h3.4 FranksandLittleconcernedonly falsestatements,manycourtshaverecognized 4506 thatthesamerationaleshouldextendtomaterialomissionsinanaffidavit.See2 7P28 LaFave,SearchandSeizure4.4(b)(3ded.1996)(citationsomitted).However,an 84: affidavitomittingpotentiallyexculpatoryinformationislesslikelytopresenta  questionofimpermissibleofficialconductthanonewhichaffirmativelyincludesfalse | information.UnitedStatesv.Atkin,107F.3d1213,1217(6thCir.1997). H  ` Weconcludetheomissionoffactsrelatingtotheinformantsstatusinthis    casedoesnotinvalidatethewarrant.Wefirstnotethatthestatementofthe x  evidencecontainsnothingtoindicatethattheofficerintentionallywithheldwhathe D  consideredtobematerialinformation.Althoughweagreethataninformants ` status,i.e.thefactsandcircumstancessurroundingthegivingofinformation,is , generallyrelevanttotheissueofcredibility,adisclosureofthisinformantsstatus  wouldstillnotreflectthatthetwelveyearoldwasfromthecriminalmilieu;norwould t itnegatetheprobablecausejustifyingtheissuanceofthesearchwarrant.Other @ caseshaveheldthattheomissionofinformationconcerningtheinformantsstatus  \ wasnotfataltothesearchwarrant.SeeUnitedStatesv.LaMorie,100F.3d547 ( (8thCir.1996)(omissionthatinformantwasaconvictedfelonnotfatal);Statev.  Lease,196W.Va.318,472S.E.2d59(1996)(omissionthatinformantwasunder p!  arrestforpublicintoxicationandmarijuanapossessionandinstateofextreme <#" agitationattimeofstatementnotfatal). %X $  ` Thus,weconcludethateveniftheomittedinformationhadbeenincludedin (#( theaffidavit,probablecausestillexistedfortheissuanceofthewarrant. l*%* Accordingly,thisissueiswithoutmerit. 8,', @xx( CONCLUSION  / +0  ` Baseduponourcarefulreviewoftherecord,we AFFIRM thejudgmentof h3.4 thetrialcourt. 4506  84:  `     h      p ____________________________   `     h      p JOEG.RILEY,JUDGE    CONCUR:  J  ____________________________     DAVIDG.HAYES,JUDGE    ____________________________  *z  THOMAST.WOODALL,JUDGE `