ÿWPCò …# VUNa %¯ 0(µbÝw@å4% 9 0lH 0D´ ø 0J 0TJ 0^ž 0hü 0rd 0|Ö 0†R 0Ø 1uh 0dÝ U>AU*B)©DCÒ AMbûq D3l BŸv~¼ 0@:vÓz AOMÆœ 0Db D/¦ BÕ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- þDÿDD{DÓ€Ô¡¨ 3|x((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌAugust€15,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó ñÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ôÔ€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„17„417(i);€39„17„418(a).Ì++++'ÿÿdxd dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÑ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€#ŠÔÔ€$ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€¬ÂXXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÙ€€ÙßR€'(&A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€œNASHVILLE›ÌÌœAPRIL›€SESSION,€œ1997›ÌÌÌÓ  ÓœSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,›à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€œ01C01„9605„CC„00216›Ìà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àœRUTHERFORD›€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€œJAMES€K.€CLAYTON,€JR.ó ó›Ìœò òLORENE€E.€WEAKLEY,ó ó€and›à àò ò)à àœJUDGEó óÌò òROBERT€APOLLO€à àà à)ÌCANTRELLà àà àà à)à àó ó›Ìà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àœAppellants.›à àà àà àò ò)à àœó ó(Felony€Drugs)ò ò›Ìó óÌÌò òÓ  ÓON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌœCIRCUIT›€COURT€OF€œRUTHERFORD€COUNTY›ó óÌÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌœGERALD€L.€MELTON›à àà àà àœJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌÌRUSSELL€N.€PERKINSà àà àà àPeter€M.€CoughlanÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ201€West€Main€Streetà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMurfreesboro,€TN€37130à àà àNashville,€TN€37243ÌÌJOHN€G.€MITCHELLL,€JR.à àà àWILLIAM€WHITESELLÌThird€Floor,€NationsBank€Bldg.à àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌ120€E.€Main€Streetà àà àà àThird€Floor,€Judicial€BuildingÌMurfreesboro,€TN€37133„1336à àà àMurfreesboro,€TN€37130›ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌœAFFIRMED›ÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÇò òòòÓ  ÓÔ€$°ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€$ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àThis€is€an€appeal€as€of€right€pursuant€to€Rule€3,€Tennessee€Rules€ofÏAppellate€Procedure.€€The€Defendants,€Lorene€Evette€Weakley€and€RobertÏApollo€Cantrell,€were€convicted€by€a€Rutherford€County€jury€of€possession€ofÏover€26€grams€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver€and€simple€possession€ofÏmarijuana.× ƒ) ××  ×€Defendant€Cantrell€was€convicted€of€possession€of€drugÏparaphernalia,€which€was€dismissed€after€a€motion€for€new€trial.€€BothÏDefendant€Weakley€and€Defendant€Cantrell€were€sentenced€to€eight€years€inÏthe€Department€of€Correction€and€each€was€fined€œtwo€thousand€dollars€($2,000)Ïfor›€the€cocaine€convictions.€They€were€œeach€sentenced›€to€concurrent€terms€of€11Ïmonths€and€29€days€with€œtwo€hundred€fifty€dollar€($250)›€fines€for€the€marijuanaÏconvictions.€€€In€this€appeal,€Defendant€Cantrell€presents€one€issue,€that€theÏevidence€was€insufficient€to€support€a€verdict€of€guilt.€€Defendant€WeakleyÏargues€one€issue,€that€because€she€was€convicted€based€on€criminalÏresponsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another,€she€is€œentitled›€œby€statute€to›€œbeÏconsidered€for›€probation.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àMembers€of€the€Rutherford€County€Sheriffððs€Department€receivedÏinformation€from€a€confidential€informant€that€illegal€drug€sales€were€beingÏconducted€at€unit€E„15€at€the€Colony€Square€Apartments€in€Smyrna,ÏTennessee.ÌOfficers€surveilled€the€apartment€and€observed€a€number€of€persons€at€differentÏtimes€go€into€the€apartment€and€then€leave€within€a€few€minutes.€€A€searchÏwarrant€was€issued€for€the€apartment,€which€was€executed€on€October€25,Ï1994.€€The€officers€knocked€on€the€door,€announced€their€presence,€and€used€aÏbattering€ram€to€open€the€door.€€Once€inside,€the€officers€ordered€the€occupantsÏto€lie€on€the€floor.€€œThe€officers€observed›€the€Defendant,€Apollo€œCantrell,›€andÏMarqulitia€œOdom›€in€the€living€œroom.€€They›€did€not€appear€to€comply€with€theÏorder€and€thus€were€administered€pepper€spray.€€Tony€Woods€and€ShalondaÏOdom€were€also€in€the€living€room€and€the€Defendant,€Lorene€Weakley,€wasÏnear€the€œkitchen.€€Several›€young€children€were€present€in€a€bedroom.Ìà àÌà àThe€officersà àdiscovered€in€plain€view€a€plastic€bag€containing€9.3€gramsÏof€crack€cocaine,€as€well€as€a€vial€on€an€end€table€that€contained€18.5€grams€ofÏcrack€cocaine.€€A€small€amount€of€marijuana€was€found€on€top€of€the€televisionÏset.€€A€search€of€the€apartment€yielded€one€loaded€.38€pistol€from€a€shelf€in€aÏbedroom€closet€and€baking€soda€found€in€the€kitchen.€€Cash€in€the€amount€ofÏœsix€hundred€sixty€dollars€($660)›€was€seized€from€Defendant€Cantrell€and€œfiveÍhundred€eleven€dollars€($511)›€from€Tony€Woods.€€Defendant€Cantrell€laterÏstated€that€he€was€unemployed.€€Defendant€Weakley€rented€the€apartmentÏand€Defendant€Cantrell€claimed€the€apartment€as€his€home€address.€CantrellððsÏclothes€were€seen€in€the€apartment.€€None€of€the€occupants€appeared€overtlyÏunder€the€influence€of€any€substance€and€none€claimed€ownership€of€the€drugs.€ÏAll€of€the€adults€were€charged€œwith›€possession€with€intent€to€sell.ÌÌà àMarqulitia€and€Shalonda€Odom€testified€at€the€trial€for€the€State,€at€whichÏtime€their€charges€were€dismissed.€€Both€testified€that€frequent€visitors€wouldÏcome€to€the€apartment€where€they€would€meet€with€Defendant€Cantrell€or€TonyÏWoods€in€a€back€bedroom.€€After€a€few€minutes,€the€visitors€would€leave.€€TheyÏboth€testified€that€they€never€observed€a€sale€of€cocaine.ÌœÌà àAs›€his€sole€issue€on€this€appeal,€the€Defendant€Apollo€œCantrell›€assertsÏthat€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€a€verdict€of€guilt€for€possession€ofÏcocaine€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver.€When€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiencyÏof€the€convicting€evidence,€the€standard€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidenceÏin€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJacksonÏv.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€theÏwitnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factualÍissues€raised€by€the€evidence,€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€ÏòòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Nor€may€thisÏcourt€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,Ï835€(Tenn.€1978).€€ÌÌà àA€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€Stateððs€witnessesÏand€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,Ï476€(Tenn.€1973).€€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€the€evidence€and€all€inferences€therefrom.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€atÏ835.€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÏreplaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€courtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€byÏthe€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòGraceóó,€493ÏS.W.2d€at€476.à àà àà àà àÌÌà àThe€Defendant€emphasizes€that€the€testimony€of€the€Odoms€onlyÏsuggests€that€drug€sales€took€place€and€that€they€did€not€witness€any€actualÏselling€of€cocaine.€€Although€the€evidence€in€this€case€is€œprimarily€circumstantial,›Ïthe€jury€could€have€found€the€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt.€€To€convict€the€Defendant,€the€State€was€required€to€prove€the€elementsÏof€œ(1)›€œknowingly›€(2)€œpossessing€cocaine›€(3)€with€intent€to€sell.€€œTenn.›€Code€Ann.Íðð€39„17„417(a)(4).€Possession€of€a€controlled€substance€can€be€based€onÏeither€actual€or€constructive€possession.€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€915€S.W.2d€3,€7€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€823€S.W.2d€576,€579€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1991).€€Constructive€possession€œmay›€be€proved€by€demonstrating€that€aÏdefendant€has€the€power€and€intention€to€exercise€dominion€and€control€over€theÏcontrolled€substance€either€directly€or€through€others.€òòBrownóó,€915€S.W.2d€at€7;ÏòòBrownóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€579.€€Constructive€possession€is€the€ability€to€reduce€anÏobject€to€actual€possession.€€òòBrownóó,€915€S.W.2d€at€7;€òòBrownóó,€823€S.W.2d€atÏ579.ÌÌà àHere,€Defendant€Cantrell€was€observed€making€brief€contacts€with€aÏnumber€of€visitors€in€a€back€bedroom.€€Cocaine€was€found€in€plain€view€in€theÏliving€room€of€the€apartment€he€claimed€as€his€home€address.€€He€was€seenÏtaking€a€bath€there€and€changing€his€clothes.€€The€Defendantððs€personal€itemsÏwere€observed€in€the€apartment.€€œThese€factors€are€adequate›€to€show€that€theÏDefendant€was€in€œcontrol›€of€the€property€such€that€even€if€the€drugs€were€notÏfound€on€his€person,€he€exercised€a€knowing€possession€of€the€drugs.€€òòCf.óóÏòòState€v.€Transouóó,€928€S.W.2d€949,€956€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Furthermore,Ïhis€frequent€contacts€and€possession€of€œsix€hundred€sixty€dollars€($660)›€whenÏhe€was€unemployed€are€sufficient€to€show€an€intent€to€sell.€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌà àDefendant€Weakley€raises€one€issue€œin›€this€appeal,€that€the€trial€courtÏerred€œin€determining€that€she€was€not€eligible€for›€probation.€€The€Defendant€wasÏconvicted€of€possession€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver€over€26€grams€of€cocaine.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(i).€€She€was€sentenced€to€eight€yearsÏincarceration€and€the€trial€court€denied€probation.€€A€defendant€is€eligible€forÏprobation€ð ðif€the€sentence€actually€imposed€.€.€.€is€eight€(8)€years€or€less;Ïprovided,€that€a€defendant€shall€not€be€eligible€for€probation€under€the€provisionsÏof€this€chapter€if€he€is€convicted€of€a€violation€of€ðð€39„17„417(b)€or€œ(i).ð𛀀Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303€œ(a).€€The€trial€judge€thus€ruled€that€the€Defendant€wasÏnot€eligible€for€probation.›ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€claims€that,€because€she€was€convicted€pursuant€to€theÏprovisions€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another€under€œTennesseeÏCode€Annotated€section›€39„11„402(2),€she€should€be€eligible€for€probation€andÏœshe€cites›€òòState€v.€Tony€Clickóó,€C.C.A.€No.€162,€Sevier€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€Sept.€26,€1991).€One€is€criminally€responsible€as€a€party€to€anÏoffense€ð ðif€the€offense€is€committed€by€the€personððs€own€conduct,€by€theÏconduct€of€another€for€which€the€person€is€criminally€responsible,€or€by€both.ðð€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„401.€€A€defendant€may€be€convicted€for€the€conductÏof€the€other€based€on€three€theories,€of€which€the€relevant€section€reads:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ „ ÒÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓÌà à(2)€Acting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€of€theÏoffense,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€theÏperson€solicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€toÏcommit€the€offense;€€œ›ÌÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓÌ€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó€878€S.W.2d€530,Ï557,€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€920€S.W.2d€247,€257„58€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1995);€òòState€v.€Gennoeóó,€851€S.W.2d€833,€836€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992);€òòState€v.ÏBrownóó,€756€S.W.2d€700,€703€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).ÌÌà àWe€œnote›€that€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another€is€not€aÏstatutory€offense,€but€rather€a€legal€theory€of€criminal€liability€by€which€aÏdefendant€may€be€convicted€for€an€offense€when€there€are€multiple€actorsÏinvolved.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402;€òòState€v.€James€R.€Lemacksóó,ÏC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9605„CC„00227,€Humphreys€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏJune€œ26,›€1997).€€The€jury€in€the€case€òòsub€judiceóó€was€instructed€on€criminalÏresponsibility€in€conformance€with€the€Tennessee€Pattern€Jury€Instructions,Ïalthough€the€trial€judge€noted€that€it€was€a€lesser€included€offense.€€It€wasÏœerroneous›€to€refer€to€criminal€responsibility€as€a€lesser€included€offense€becauseÏit€is€not€an€offense,€but€œa€legal›€theory€of€œcriminal€liability.›€€The€jury€announced€itsÏverdict€as€finding€the€Defendant€guilty€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€ofÏanother€pursuant€to€section€39„11„402.€€œHowever,›€the€trial€court€properly€enteredÍjudgment€for€possession€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver€under€39„17„417(i).€When€aÏdefendant€is€convicted€under€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another,Ïshe€is€guilty€as€a€party€to€the€offense€and€is€convicted€for€the€substantiveÏoffense€as€if€she€were€the€principal.€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Gail€Haneline€Barnesóó,€C.C.A.ÏNo.€01C01„9508„CC„00274,€Montgomery€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,ÏFeb.€28,€1997).€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€œdetermining€that€theÏDefendant€was€not€eligible€for€probation.ÌÌà àAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGE