ÿWPC† …# VUNa %¯ 0(µw@Ý4 1 @ 0JH 0T’ 0^æ 0hD 0r¬ 0| 0†š 0 1u° U,% 0dQ U,µ U>á U*B)IDCr Bµ AMÒþv~vÓ› D3n 0@¡ AOáÆ0 0Dö D/: Bi˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ EE  e r‚ Ó€»{s 3|x2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd d€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ôÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌò òJuly€26,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€"ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€  X„d&ÓÑ#€  Xd#ÑÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€"Ô›œIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€€ÙœßL€&'$;+'h|` Å `€€Lß›ÌAT€JACKSONÌÌSEPTEMBER€1995€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€€APPELLEE,à àà à)à àNo.€02„C„01„9401„CR„00011Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àShelby€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àBernie€Weinman,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌKENNETH€L.€WEEMS,à àà àà àà à)à à(First€and€Second€DegreeÏMurder)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌWalker€Gwinnà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€2„01à àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌMemphis,€TN€38103à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0497Ì(Appeal€Only)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMichael€E.€MooreÌGlenn€I.€Wrightà àà àà àà àà àSolicitor€GeneralÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌ200€Jefferson€Avenue,€Suite€800à àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0497ÌMemphis,€TN€38103Ì(Trial€Only)à àà àà àà àà àà àMichael€W.€CatalanoÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Solicitor€GeneralÌOF€COUNSEL:à àà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0497ÌA€C€Wharton,€Jr.à àà àà àà àà àÌShelby€County€Public€Defenderà àà àà àJohn€W.€PierottiÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€2„01à àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌMemphis,€TN€38103à àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Third€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€38103ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJames€A.€Wax,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Third€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€38103ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àReginald€R.€HendersonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Third€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€38103ÌÌOPINION€FILED:_________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€JudgeÌÓ  Óò òÇÑ7€¦_XXdìXXdì7ÑØØÙ  ÙO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÌÌ€ÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Kenneth€L.€Weems,€was€convicted€of€one€count€of€murder€in€theÏfirst€degree€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€€He€was€sentenced€to€confinement€for€life€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.€€The€appellant€was€also€convicted€of€second€degreeÏmurder.€€The€trial€court,€finding€that€the€appellant€was€a€standard€offender,€imposed€aÏsentence€consisting€of€confinement€for€fifteen€(15)€years€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€The€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€on€the€elementsÏof€premeditation€and€deliberation;€he€claims€that€the€instruction€on€premeditation€andÏdeliberation€was€erroneous;€he€claims€the€trial€court€committed€prejudicial€error€inÏallowing€the€jury€to€hear€an€audio€tape€that€was€recording€when€the€murder€wasÏcommitted;€and€he€argues€the€trial€court€also€committed€error€in€permitting€the€hearsayÏtestimony€regarding€who€requested€the€meeting€between€the€victim€and€the€appellant.€ÏAfter€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€the€law€governingÏthese€issues,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€should€beÏaffirmed.Ìà àThe€victim,€Alice€Hurt,€and€the€appellant€had€a€relationship.€€The€appellantÏcontended€in€his€statement€to€the€police€that€he€told€the€victim€the€relationship€wasÏover.€€However,€the€victim€was€pregnant.€€The€victim€advised€the€appellant€that€sheÏwas€pregnant€with€his€child.€€She€also€told€the€appellant€that€she€wanted€him€to€payÏchild€support€when€the€child€was€born€through€the€Juvenile€Court€of€Memphis€andÏShelby€County.€€The€victim€had€started€the€process€of€filing€a€paternity€suit€to€have€theÏappellant€declared€the€father€of€the€child,€legitimate€the€child,€and€require€theÍappellant€to€pay€child€support.Ìà àThe€appellant€and€the€victim€agreed€to€meet€on€the€evening€of€February€8,Ï1993.€€There€is€a€factual€dispute€as€to€who€initiated€the€meeting.€€In€his€statement,€theÏappellant€stated€that€the€victim€initiated€the€meeting.€€However,€the€victim€told€herÏcousin€that€the€appellant€wanted€to€meet€with€her.Ìà àThe€victim€and€the€appellant€met€at€McDonaldððs€restaurant€across€the€streetÏfrom€Libertyland€Amusement€Park€in€Memphis.€€The€information€as€to€when€theÏmeeting€was€to€take€place€is€sketchy.€€It€appears€that€they€met€in€the€parking€lot€of€theÏfast€food€establishment€between€8:00€p.m.€and€9:00€p.m.€on€the€evening€of€February€8,Ï1993.€€The€victim€had€a€tape€recorder€in€her€pocket.€€They€walked€through€the€area€forÏa€while€before€returning€to€the€victimððs€motor€vehicle.€€The€victim€was€seated€on€theÏdriverððs€side€and€the€appellant€was€seated€on€the€passenger€side€of€the€vehicle.€ÏShortly€before€the€appellant€attacked€the€victim,€the€parties€were€quiet.€€The€radio€wasÏplaying.€€The€audio€tape€found€in€the€victimððs€pocket€revealed€the€following:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌFEMALE:à àOh,€Oh,€(Screams),€No,€No,€No,€Oh,€No,ÏKenny,€à à€€€€€à àNo.€€Why€you€want€to€do€this?€€No,€No.ÌÌMALE:à àLet€me€go.ÌÌFEMALE:à àNo,€No,€No,€Kenny,€No,€No,€Oh,€No,€Kenny,Ïà àà àKenny,€Kenny.ÌÌMALE:€à àStop.ÌÌFEMALE:€à àOk,€I€wonððt.ÌÌMALE:à àYou€wonððt€do€what?ÌÌFEMALE:à àI€wonððt€[unintelligible]€my€money.ÌÌMALE:à àYou€wonððt?ÌÌFEMALE:à àNo.ÌÌMALE:à àPromise,€Promise,€Promise.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓà àThe€conversation€ended.€€Only€the€radio€could€be€heard€in€the€background.€ÏThe€appellant€locked€the€victimððs€car€doors€and€left€the€parking€lot.Ìà àThe€following€morning€at€approximately€7:45€a.m.€a€Shelby€County€deputyÏsheriff€went€to€McDonaldððs€restaurant€for€breakfast.€€An€employee€of€the€restaurant€toldÏthe€deputy€that€she€believed€a€woman€was€sleeping€in€a€motor€vehicle€at€the€rear€ofÏthe€building.€€The€deputy€sheriff€went€to€the€vehicle,€attempted€to€wake€the€victim,€butÏshe€did€not€respond.€€He€discovered€that€the€doors€were€locked.€€The€deputy€called€forÏassistance.€€Later,€the€officers€broke€the€rear€window€to€gain€entry€to€the€vehicle.€€OnceÏinside€the€vehicle€the€officers€discovered€that€the€victim€had€expired.€€The€MemphisÏPolice€Department€commenced€an€investigation€immediately.Ìà àThe€investigation€almost€immediately€led€to€the€appellant.€€A€few€hours€after€theÏvictimððs€body€was€discovered€the€officers€found€the€appellant.€€He€was€asked€toÏaccompany€the€officers€to€police€headquarters.€€The€appellant€agreed€to€do€so.€€HeÏsubsequently€gave€a€statement€to€the€police.Ì€à àThe€appellant€admitted€that€he€killed€the€victim€with€a€knife€in€the€parking€lot€ofÏthe€fast€food€establishment.€€He€told€the€police€that€he€only€stabbed€the€victim€one€timeÏwhen€she€made€an€ð ðadvanceðð€toward€him.€€He€claimed€to€have€found€the€knife€in€theÏvictimððs€vehicle,€and€he€threw€the€knife€out€of€his€car€window€after€leaving€the€parkingÏlot.€€Later,€he€told€the€officers€that€he€did€not€remember€what€occurred€€„„€he€justÍremembered€seeing€blood€on€the€knife.Ì€€à àAccording€to€the€appellant,€he€knew€that€the€victim€was€pregnant.€€The€victimÏtold€him€it€was€his€child.€€Supposedly,€during€the€Thanksgiving€holidays€of€1992,€theÏvictim€told€the€appellant€that€she€wanted€him€to€pay€child€support€through€the€JuvenileÏCourt€of€Memphis€and€Shelby€County.€€He€claimed€that€she€was€constantly€asking€himÏfor€money.€€On€the€date€in€question,€the€victim€wanted€the€appellant€to€pay€$300€aÏmonth€in€support,€the€cost€of€day€care€and€diapers,€and€provide€insurance€for€the€child.Ìà àAn€autopsy€revealed€that€the€appellant€inflicted€numerous€knife€wounds€to€theÏvictimððs€body.€€He€stabbed€her€in€the€left€chest€and€the€knife€penetrated€the€victimððsÏheart.€€He€also€stabbed€her€in€the€left€breast.€€In€addition,€there€was€one€knife€wound€toÏthe€left€side€of€the€neck,€and€another€knife€wound€to€the€right€forearm.€€There€was€alsoÏa€series€of€sharply€incised€knife€wounds€to€the€thumb€and€fingers€of€the€palm€side€ofÏher€left€hand.€€The€latter€wounds€would€appear€to€be€defensive€wounds€„„€woundsÏinflicted€when€she€attempted€to€prevent€the€appellant€from€cutting€her.Ìà àThe€autopsy€revealed€that€the€victim€was€eight€and€one„half€months€pregnant.€ÏThe€child,€a€boy,€was€a€viable€fetus.€€Although€there€was€no€direct€trauma€to€the€fetus,Ïthe€child€died€in€the€uterus€as€a€direct€result€of€the€victimððs€death.ÌÌÓ  Óò òI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà à€The€appellant€contends€that€the€State€of€Tennessee€failed€to€establish€twoÏelements€of€murder€in€the€first€degree:€premeditation€and€deliberation.€€He€relies€onÏòòState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€State€of€Tennessee€contends€thatÍthere€is€sufficient€evidence€contained€in€the€record€to€establish€these€two€elementsÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ìà àWhen€the€appellant€murdered€the€victim,€first€degree€murder€was€defined€in€partÏas€ð ð[a]n€intentional,€premeditated€and€deliberate€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„202(a)(1)€(Supp.€1993).€€A€ð ðpremeditated€actðð€was€defined€as€ð ðone€done€afterÏthe€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„201(b)(2)(1993).€€AÏð ðdeliberate€actðð€was€defined€as€ð ðone€performed€with€a€cool€purpose.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„201(b)(1)(1993).Ìà àThe€appellant€predicates€his€argument€upon€the€facts€contained€in€theÏstatement€he€gave€to€the€police.€€He€told€the€police€that€he€stabbed€the€victim€only€oneÏtime.€€The€jury€was€at€liberty€to€reject€these€facts.€€The€autopsy€revealed€multiple€stabÏand€cut€wounds.ÌAlso,€the€facts€contained€in€the€statement€conflicted€with€evidence€introduced€by€theÏstate.Ìà àThe€jury€could€have€found€that€the€appellant€called€the€victim€and€arranged€theÏmeeting€on€the€night€in€question.€€When€the€appellant€arrived€for€the€meeting,€he€wasÏarmed€with€a€large€knife.€€In€other€words,€the€appellant€formed€the€intent€to€kill€theÏvictim,€he€made€her€available€so€that€he€could€kill€her,€and€he€was€armed€when€heÏarrived.Ìà àThe€jury€could€further€find€that€the€appellant€remained€calm€as€he€systematicallyÏkilled€the€victim.€€As€evidenced€by€the€audio€recording,€while€the€victim€was€screaming,Ïthe€appellantððs€voice€was€calm€and€natural.€€He€did€not€raise€his€voice€as€he€stabbedÏthe€victim€once€in€the€neck,€once€in€the€arm,€and€twice€in€the€chest.€€The€appellantÍshowed€no€emotion.€€There€was€no€inflection€in€his€voice.Ì€€à àThere€is€sufficient€evidence€contained€in€the€record€to€support€a€finding€by€aÏrational€trier€of€fact€that€the€appellant€was€guilty€of€murder€in€the€first€degree€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€The€elements€of€premeditation€andÏdeliberation€were€established€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€instruction€on€first€degree€murder€wasÏinadequate.€€The€appellant€did€not€object€to€the€instruction€or€offer€a€special€requestÏsetting€for€the€instruction€that€the€appellant€argues€should€have€been€given.Ìà àThis€Court€has€reviewed€the€instructions€given€by€the€trial€court.€€TheÏinstructions€conform€to€our€Supreme€Courtððs€decision€governing€premeditation€andÏdeliberation.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€543€(Tenn.€1992).€€Thus,€this€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€by€permitting€the€jury€to€listen€to€the€enhanced€version€of€what€wasÏcontained€on€the€audio€tape€removed€from€the€victimððs€pocket.€€He€argues€that€most€ofÏwhat€is€contained€on€the€tape€is€unintelligible.Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€introduction€of€evidence€are€addressed€to€the€soundÏdiscretion€of€the€trial€court.€€An€appellate€court€will€not€interfere€with€the€exercise€of€thisÏdiscretion€unless€the€record€clearly€reflects€that€there€has€been€an€abuse€of€thisÏdiscretion.€€In€this€case,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€permitting€theÏstate€to€introduce€the€tape€into€evidence.Ìà àThe€tape€was€highly€probative€of€the€victimððs€and€appellantððs€actions€before,Ïduring,€and€after€the€killing.€€The€quality€of€the€tape€goes€to€the€weight€the€jury€mayÏgive€it€rather€than€its€admissibility.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIV.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€in€permitting€the€witness,€Etta€Green,€to€testify€that€the€victim€told€her€thatÏthe€appellant€wanted€to€meet€with€her€on€the€evening€in€question.€€He€argues€that€thisÏwas€rank€hearsay€and€should€have€been€excluded.Ìà àTo€the€extent€the€testimony€was€for€the€purpose€of€proving€the€victimððs€laterÏconduct€through€her€expressed€state€of€mind,€it€would€be€admissible€pursuant€to€RuleÏ803(3),€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€€However,€the€Advisory€Commission€Comment€to€this€rule€notesÏð ðthat€only€the€declarantððs€conduct,€not€some€third€partyððs€is€provable€by€this€hearsayÏexception.ðð€€Thus,€to€the€extent€the€testimony€could€be€taken€to€prove€the€defendantððsÏfuture€conduct€and€plan€relative€to€meeting€and€killing€the€victim,€the€testimonyÏqualifies€as€hearsay.€€òòSeeóó€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Hutchisonóó,€898€S.W.2d€161,€171€(Tenn.€1994).€ÍHowever,€we€conclude€that€any€error€in€admitting€the€testimony€was€harmless€in€lightÏof€the€defendantððs€statement€to€the€police€and€the€tape€recording€contents.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à______________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ__________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€JOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ__________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€JOHN€K.€BYERS,€SENIOR€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à