ÿWPC …UBV %˜U.žÌnÜ 04ß  w@ 4[ 0Jo 0T¹ 0^ 0hk 0rÓ 0|E 0†Á 0G 1u× 0dLU6°B)æDC AMRߟ B~v~›vÓ D3ì 0@ AO_Æ® 0Dt D/¸ Bç<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT#|xB«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpi„„…ä2¼P±ŠQ„P( ¤T$¡¡Ó  Ó 012D3D45E6%e7e89Ó€Ô¡¨ 2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÕÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌJuly€23,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ\R AØ'\ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X Ҝـ€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ÔßR€#$"A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌOCTOBER€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€APPELLEE,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01„C„01„9601„CC„00005Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àLawrence€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àWilliam€B.€Cain,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Attempted€Voluntary€Manslaughter)ÌROLAND€JOHN€WELCH,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àœAPPELLANT.›à à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌDaniel€J.€Rundeà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ128€North€Second€Streetà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌPulaski,€TN€38478à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0497ÌÌOF€COUNSEL:à àà àà àà àà àM.€Allison€ThompsonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌShara€Ann€Flacyà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ì128€North€Second€Streetà àà àà àà àÌPulaski,€TN€38478à àà àà àà àà àT.€Michael€BottomsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€459Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àLawrenceburg,€TN€38464ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJames€G.€White,€IIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€459Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àLawrenceburg,€TN€38464ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:_________________________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÑ7€RcXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑØØÓ  ÓÔ€„Ôò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÔ€XÔÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Roland€John€Welch€(defendant),€was€convicted€of€attemptedÏvoluntary€manslaughter,€a€Class€D€felony,€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€€The€trial€court,€findingÏthat€the€defendant€was€a€multiple€offender,€imposed€a€Range€II€sentence€consisting€ofÏconfinement€for€eight€(8)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€In€this€Court,€theÏdefendant€contends€the€admission€of€certain€hearsay€statements€constituted€reversibleÏerror,€and€the€trial€court€misapplied€certain€mitigating€factors€and€aggravatingÏcircumstances.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€submitted€by€theÏparties,€and€the€law€governing€the€issues,€it€is€the€opinion€of€this€Court€the€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.Ìà àOn€the€evening€of€March€26,€1993,€Ronnie€Escue€and€the€defendant€were€at€theÏPonderosa,€a€bar.€€They€were€pushing€each€other€near€the€pool€tables.€€Later,€EscueÏapproached€an€acquaintance,€Anita€Patterson.€€He€subsequently€removed€Patterson'sÏclothes€from€a€motor€vehicle.€€Patterson€called€Kelly€Furlong€to€come€get€her.Ìà àFurlong€went€to€the€Ponderosa.€€Escue€wanted€to€talk€to€her.€€However,€she€didÏnot€want€to€talk€to€him.€€Escue€would€not€permit€Furlong€to€leave.€€Ray€F.€Barnett,ÏFurlongððs€then„boyfriend,€was€driving€by€the€Ponderosa€and€saw€the€scuffle€betweenÏFurlong€and€Escue€and€pulled€into€the€Ponderosa€parking€lot.€€Escue€spoke€roughly€toÏBarnett.€€He€attempted€to€follow€Barnett€as€he€exited€the€Ponderosa.€€A€patron€whoÏknew€the€parties€grabbed€Escue€and€held€him€until€Barnett,€Furlong,€and€PattersonÏleft.à à€€Ìà àEscue€called€Barnett€and€threatened€to€harm€him.€€The€defendant€and€EscueÏleft€the€Ponderosa€and€went€to€the€home€of€Escueððs€parents.€€Escue€went€inside€theÏhome,€obtained€a€.22€pistol€and€a€shotgun,€and€the€defendant€drove€to€an€area€nearÏBarnettððs€trailer.€€Escue€went€inside€the€trailer.€€He€was€armed€with€the€.22€pistol.€€TheÏdefendant€was€armed€with€the€shotgun.€€He€went€to€the€rear€of€the€trailer.Ìà àBarnett€attempted€to€avoid€an€armed€confrontation.€€He€attempted€to€leave€theÏtrailer€through€the€rear€door.€€When€he€opened€the€door,€the€defendant€placed€theÏshotgun€against€his€body€and€said,€ð ðAre€you€going€somewhere?ðð€€Barnett€went€to€theÏfront€porch€armed.€€When€Escue€pointed€a€pistol€at€him,€he€shot€Escue€three€times.€ÏThe€defendant€returned€to€the€front€of€the€trailer€and€told€Barnett,€ð ðYou€forgot€about€me,Ïbuddy.ðð€€He€then€shot€Barnett€with€the€shotgun.€€The€defendant€then€fled€into€a€grove€ofÏtrees.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicial€dimensionsÍby€admitting€three€statements€made€by€Escue€as€substantive€evidence€of€his€guilt.€€TheÏdefendant€contends€these€statements€were€rank€hearsay,€and€the€statements€shouldÏnot€have€been€introduced€as€evidence.€€The€state€contends€the€three€statements€wereÏadmissible€as€the€statements€of€a€co„conspirator,€which€are€admissible€as€anÏexception€to€the€hearsay€rule.Ìà àThe€defendant€filed€a€motion€in€limine€seeking€to€exclude€the€statement€ofÏEscue€to€Alvin€Dudley,€an€employee€of€a€food€mart/gas€station.€€The€motion€allegedÏthe€evidence€was€hearsay€as€well€as€irrelevant.€€He€requested€the€trial€court€excludeÏthe€evidence,€or,€in€the€alternative,€give€a€limiting€instruction€regarding€the€reason€theÏevidence€was€admissible.€€The€defendant€filed€a€second€motion€in€limine€seeking€toÏexclude€the€statements€of€Escue€to€Kelly€Furlong€regarding€the€threats€he€madeÏagainst€Barnett.€€He€argues€the€statements€made€by€Escue€constituted€hearsay,€wereÏirrelevant,€and€the€prejudicial€effect€of€the€statements€far€outweighed€the€probativeÏvalue€of€the€statements.Ìà àThe€allegedly€objectionable€testimony€of€Alvin€Dudley€was€as€follows:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ X ÒÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌÓ` „X" –XÓQ.à à(By€Mr.€Bottoms):€€€Okay.€€When€he€[Ronnie€Escue]€gotÏinto€the€car,€did€he€say€anything?ÌÌA.à à(Alvin€Dudley):€He€raised€a€„„€what€looked€to€be€a€.22Ïautomatic€pistol,€and€he€said,€Iððm€going€to€take€care€of€itÏnow.€€Iððm€going€to€kill€the€S.O.B.,€and€they€pulled€out.ÌÌQ.à àOkay.€€And€he€was€sitting€in€the€passenger€side?ÌÌA.à àYes,€sir.ÌÌMr.€RUNDE:€Let€me€object€for€the€record€on€that,€YourÏHonor,€for€the€reasons€stated.ÌÌTHE€COURT:€Overruled.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓà àThe€allegedly€objectionable€testimony€of€Kelly€Furlong€was€as€follows:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ X ÒÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓQ.à à(By€Mr.€Bottoms):€Well,€how€was€he€waiving€it€[theÏpistol]€around?ÌÌA.à à(By€Kelly€Furlong):€Well,€he€put€it€to€my€head€severalÏtimes.ÌÌQ.à àWhat€did€he€[Escue]€say€then?ÌÌMR.€RUNDE:€€Same€objection,€Your€Honor.ÌÌTHE€COURT:€€Overruled.ÌÌA.à àHe€[Escue]€said€a€lot€of€things.€€He€said€that€he€couldÏkill€all€three€of€us,€if€he€wanted€to.€€He€just€went€on€and€on.€€IÏdonððt€remember€exactly€what€he€said.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓà àThe€defendant€also€objected€to€a€telephone€call€Escue€made€to€Barnett.€€TheÏfollowing€testimony€was€objected€to€by€the€defendant€during€Barnettððs€testimony:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ X ÒÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌQ.à à(By€General€Bottoms):€Okay.€€€And€when€you€got€homeÏto€the€trailer,€did€you€receive€any€phone€call?ÌÌA.à à(By€Ray€Barnett):€Yes,€sir,€I€did.ÌÌQ.à àWho€called?ÌÌA.à àRonnie€Escue.ÌÌQ.à àAll€right.€And€what€was€the€substance€of€that€call?ÌÌA.à àI€donððt€remember€the€exact€wording,€but€he€said€heÏwas€coming€out€there€to€get€me.ÌÌMR.€RUNDE:€€Objection,€Your€Honor.€€Same€basis€asÏbefore.ÌÌTHE€COURT:€Overruled.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓ€à àThe€defendant€correctly€argues€the€statements€made€by€Escue€are€hearsay.€ÏTenn.€R.€Evid.€801.€€Therefore,€the€aforementioned€testimony€is€inadmissible€asÏevidence€unless€it€is€admissible€pursuant€to€an€exception€to€the€hearsay€rule.€€Tenn.€R.ÏEvid.€802.Ìà àA€statement€made€by€a€co„conspirator€is€admissible€as€an€exception€to€theÏhearsay€rule.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(1.2)(E).€€This€rule€provides€ð ða€statement€by€a€co„conspirator€of€a€party€during€the€course€of€and€in€the€furtherance€of€the€conspiracyððÏmay€be€offered€against€that€party.€€Thus,€before€such€statements€are€admissible€asÏevidence,€(1)€there€must€be€a€conspiracy,€(2)€the€declarant€must€be€a€co„conspirator€ofÏthe€defendant,€(3)€the€statement€must€be€made€during€the€course€of€the€conspiracy,€(4)Ïthe€statement€must€be€made€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy,€and€(5)€there€must€beÏindependent€evidence€that€the€conspiracy€existed.€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(1.2)(E);€òòState€v.ÏHutchinsonóó,€898€S.W.2d€161,€170€(Tenn.€1994),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€____€U.S.€____,€116ÏS.Ct.€137,€133€L.Ed.2d€84€(1995);€òòState€v.€Gayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€546,€553€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1992),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Hodgkinsonóó,€778€S.W.2d€54,€61Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1989).Ìà àThis€Court€has€defined€the€term€ð ðconspiracyðð€as€ð ða€combination€between€two€orÏmore€persons€to€do€a€criminal€or€unlawful€act€or€a€lawful€act€by€criminal€or€unlawfulÏmeans.ðð€€òòGayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€at€553.€€When€attempting€to€prove€the€existence€of€aÏconspiracy,€the€state€is€not€required€toÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ X ÒÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓ€Ìshow€a€formal€agreement€between€the€parties€to€do€theÍunlawful€act;€a€mutual€understanding€is€sufficient,€althoughÏnot€€manifested€by€any€formal€words,€or€a€writtenÏagreement.€€The€unlawful€confederation€may€beÏestablished€by€circumstantial€evidence€and€the€conduct€ofÏthe€parties€in€the€execution€of€the€criminal€enterprise.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓòòGayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€at€553.Ìà àIn€this€case,€there€is€independent€and€circumstantial€evidence€to€establish€that€aÏconspiracy€existed€between€Escue€and€the€defendant.€€The€two€men€were€close,Ïpersonable€friends.€€They€had€been€together€several€hours€before€the€incident€inÏquestion.€€They€went€to€the€Ponderosa€together€in€the€defendantððs€motor€vehicle.€€TheÏdefendant€was€present€at€the€Ponderosa€when€Escue€made€the€telephone€call€toÏBarnett.€€€They€then€left€in€the€defendantððs€motor€vehicle€en€route€to€the€home€ofÏEscueððs€parents.€€Escue€went€into€the€home,€retrieved€his€brotherððs€.22€pistol€and€aÏshotgun.€€Escue€told€his€mother€he€was€ð ðtaking€care€of€business.ðð€€These€weaponsÏremained€in€the€front€seat€of€defendantððs€vehicle.€€They€went€and€obtained€gas.€ÏThereafter,€the€defendant€drove€to€an€area€approximately€one„half€mile€from€BarnettððsÏtrailer.€€Escue€armed€himself€with€the€.22€pistol€and€the€defendant€armed€himself€withÏthe€shotgun.€€€They€walked€to€the€trailer.Ìà àEscue€went€to€the€front€of€the€trailer,€entered€the€trailer€through€the€front€door,€andÏFurlong€took€him€by€the€arm€and€they€exited€the€trailer€through€the€front€door.€€TheÏdefendant€went€to€the€back€door€of€the€trailer.€€When€Barnett€attempted€to€exit€throughÏthe€rear€door€to€avoid€an€armed€conflict€with€Escue,€the€defendant€placed€the€shotgunÏin€his€stomach€and€said,€ð ðAre€you€going€somewhere?ðð€€Barnett€closed€the€door€andÏexited€through€the€front€door.€€When€Escue€pointed€a€pistol€at€Barnett,€he€shot€EscueÍthree€times.€€Shortly€thereafter,€the€defendant€gravitated€to€the€front€of€the€trailer.€€HeÏtold€Barnett,€ð ðyou€forgot€about€me,€buddy.ðð€€Thereafter,€the€defendant€shot€Barnett€withÏthe€shotgun.€€€He€then€ran€into€a€wooded€area€where€he€hid€from€the€police.Ìà àAll€three€statements€occurred€during€the€course€of€the€conspiracy.€€The€nextÏquestion€is€whether€the€statements€were€made€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.Ìà àThe€telephone€call€made€by€Escue€to€Barnett€was€clearly€in€furtherance€of€theÏconspiracy.€€He€in€essence€told€Barnett€he€would€be€murdered.€€The€statements€madeÏby€Escue€at€the€scene€of€the€crime€prior€to€being€killed€by€the€victim€were€also€made€inÏfurtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€The€statement€made€to€Dudley€was€not€made€inÏfurtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€It€constituted€a€gratuitous€statement€of€Escueððs€intent€asÏhe€rode€off€into€the€night,€pistol€in€hand.€€òòHutchinsonóó,€898€S.W.2d€at€170.Ìà àThe€statement€made€to€Dudley€was€nevertheless€admissible€based€upon€anotherÏexception€to€the€hearsay€rule.€€It€can€be€reasonably€inferred€the€defendant,€as€theÏdriver€of€the€motor€vehicle,€heard€the€statements€made€by€Escue€to€Dudley€regardingÏwhat€he,€Escue,€was€going€to€do€after€leaving€the€food€mart/gas€station.€€Once€hearingÏthis€statement,€the€defendant€remained€silent€and€drove€his€motor€vehicle€to€an€areaÏnear€the€victimððs€trailer.€€Thus,€Escueððs€statements€to€Dudley€could€be€admitted€againstÏthe€defendant€as€an€adoptive€admission.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€€803(1.2)(B);€N.€Cohen,€S.ÏSheppeard,€and€D.€Paine,€òòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó€ðð€803(1.2).3€(3rd€EditionÏ1995).Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.€€€€€€ÌÌò òÓ  ÓII.ó óÓ  ÓÌà àThe€defendant€challenges€the€length€and€the€nature€of€the€service€of€theÏsentence.€€He€argues€the€sentence€is€excessive,€and€the€trial€court€should€haveÏimposed€an€alternative€sentence€to€incarceration.ÌÓ  Ó€ò òA.ó óÌÌÓ  Óà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€itÏis€the€duty€of€this€Court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumptionÏthat€ð ðthe€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€areÏcorrect.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1991).€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÏby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€to€the€determinations€made€by€the€trialÏcourt€which€are€predicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2dÏ305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€166€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1993).€However,€this€Court€is€required€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trialÏcourtððs€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€courtððs€determination€is€basedÏupon€the€witnessesðð€demeanor€and€appearance.Ìà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€(a)€anyÏevidence€received€at€the€trial€and€/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,Ï(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÏalternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€orÍenhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)Ïthe€accusedððs€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€Tenn.€Code.ÏAnn.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210.€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),Ïòòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àWhen€the€accused€is€the€appellant,€the€accused€has€the€burden€of€establishingÏthat€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€was€erroneous.€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401;€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€òòButleróó,€900ÏS.W.2d€at€311.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€by€refusing€to€applyÏcertain€mitigating€factors€when€determining€the€length€of€the€sentence€within€theÏproper€range.€€The€trial€court€found€the€defendantððs€intoxication€to€be€a€mitigatingÏfactor.€€The€record€supports€this€finding.€€The€defendant€argues€the€trial€court€shouldÏhave€found€(1)€he€acted€under€strong€provocation,€(2)€the€crime€occurred€under€suchÏunusual€circumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivatedÏhis€conduct,€(3)€substantial€grounds€existed€to€excuse€his€behavior,€(4)€he€acted€underÏduress€or€the€domination€of€Escue,€and€(5)€remorse.Ìà àAs€previously€stated,€Escue€and€the€defendant€were€co„conspirators.€€TheÏdefendant€drove€Escue€to€the€home€of€his€parents€where€he€obtained€the€twoÏweapons.€€He€also€drove€Escue€to€an€area€near€Barnettððs€trailer.€€The€defendantÏarmed€himself€with€the€shotgun€and€guarded€the€back€door.€€Barnett€attempted€toÍavoid€an€armed€conflict€with€Escue€by€existing€through€the€back€door.€€The€defendantÏplaced€a€shotgun€in€his€stomach€and€asked€him€if€he€was€going€somewhere.€€TheÏdefendant€then€gravitated€to€the€front€of€the€trailer.€€After€Barnett€killed€Escue,€theÏdefendant€told€Barnett€he€had€forgotten€about€him€and€then€fired€the€shotgun€atÏBarnett.€€The€projectiles€struck€Barnett.€€The€defendant€ran€into€a€wooded€area€to€avoidÏapprehension€from€by€the€police.Ìà àThe€trial€court€properly€refused€to€consider€these€mitigating€circumstances€toÏreduce€the€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range.€€The€evidence€contained€in€theÏrecord€supports€the€findings€of€the€trial€court€in€this€regard.€€Moreover,€the€trial€courtÏheard€the€testimony€and€saw€the€defendantððs€demeanor€while€he€was€testifying€as€aÏwitness€and€sitting€in€the€courtroom€during€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing.€€The€trialÏcourt€was€in€the€best€position€to€determine€the€credibility€of€the€defendant€when€heÏtestified.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓC.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€found€the€defendant€had€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions,ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(1),€the€victimððs€injuries€were€particularly€great,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(6),€the€defendant€possessed€a€deadly€weapon€in€theÏcommission€of€this€offense,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(9),€the€defendant€had€noÏhesitation€about€committing€this€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(10),€€the€felony€resulted€in€bodily€injury€to€the€victim€and€theÏdefendant€had€been€previously€convicted€of€a€felony€which€resulted€in€death€or€bodilyÍinjury,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(11),€and€the€crime€was€committed€underÏcircumstances€where€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€was€great.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(16).Ìà àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€improperly€applied€factors€(6),€(10)€andÏ(16).€€This€Court€agrees€all€three€factors€may€not€be€used€to€enhance€the€defendantððsÏsentence.€€The€defendant€may€not€have€his€sentence€enhanced€for€creating€a€risk€ofÏbodily€harm€under€factor€(16)€and€for€bringing€about€bodily€harm€under€factor€(6).€€ÏFactor€(16)€was€therefore€inappropriately€applied.€€òòState€v.€Myersóó,€03C01„9108„CR„00255,€Washington€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Oct.€22,€1992.)€Ìà àThe€defendant€argues€the€offense€of€attempted€voluntary€manslaughterÏnecessarily€contemplates€a€high€risk€to€human€life,€making€the€application€of€factorÏ(10)€duplicative€of€the€elements€of€the€offense.€€This€is€the€case€except€in€those€casesÏwhere€others€are€present€and€are€placed€in€harmððs€way€by€the€defendantððs€conduct.€€ÏòòState€v.€Ruaneóó,€912€S.W.2d€766,€784€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Makokaóó,€885ÏS.W.2d€366,€373€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€defendantÏengaged€in€an€exchange€of€gunfire€with€Ray€Barnett€while€Kelly€Furlough€stood€next€toÏBarnett€on€the€porch.€€The€defendant€created€a€risk€to€human€life€beyond€the€risk€to€theÏvictim,€whom€he€severely€injured.€Ìà àThe€finding€that€a€trial€court€has€misapplied€one€or€more€enhancement€factorsÏdoes€not€equate€to€a€reduction€in€a€sentence.€€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882€S.W.2d€410,€423Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€circumstances€surrounding€theÏoffense€established€the€defendantððs€active€participation€in€the€shooting€of€the€victim.€ÏThe€victim€suffered€serious€injuries.€€Moreover,€the€defendant€has€a€history€of€criminalÍconvictions.€€He€has€been€convicted€of€voluntary€manslaughter,€DUI,€leaving€the€sceneÏof€an€accident,€no€driverððs€license,€carrying€a€dangerous€weapon,€simple€possessionÏof€marijuana,€robbery€with€a€deadly€weapon,€larceny€from€a€vending€machine,€attemptÏto€commit€a€felony,€and€felony€escape.€€Thus,€a€lengthy€sentence€is€necessary€toÏprotect€society€from€an€accused€who€had€a€long€history€of€criminal€conduct.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.ðð€40„35„103(1)(A).€€Also,€lengthy€confinement€is€required€in€this€case€toÏavoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offense€of€attempting€to€kill€another€andÏprovide€an€effective€deterrent€to€the€defendant€and€others€likely€to€commit€similarÏoffenses.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).€€Unfortunately,€the€defendantððsÏbackground€establishes€he€does€not€have€the€potential€to€rehabilitate€himself.€€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(5).ÌÌò òÓ  ÓD.ó óÌÓ  Ó€€€Ìà àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€by€refusing€to€imposeÏsome€form€of€alternative€sentence.€€While€the€defendant€was€entitled€to€theÏpresumption€€of€fitness,€the€state€overcame€this€presumption.€€Ìà àThe€defendant€was€not€entitled€to€an€alternative€sentence€in€any€form€given€theÏfactors€hereinabove€set€forth.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€940€S.W.2d€558€(Tenn.€1997).ÓÓÌà àà à€ÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_________________________________________Ìà à€WILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ_________________________________________Ì€€€€€€J.€STEVEN€STAFFORD,€SPECIAL€JUDGE