ÿWPC' %U: %P 0ÜVw@24r†• 0  0D½ 0J 0TK 0^Ÿ 0hý 0re 0|× 0†S 0Ù 1ui 0dÞ U *B `l BÌ ¨é Ö‘Kgv~²vÓ0!,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ sEtuDvwExyEz{D|PÍD0"3|x|(Ð(3ô$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€9ªXXdæXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial VÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóMr.€Butler€conceded€that€he€did€not€notice€whether€or€not€his€assailant€hadÏdistinguishing€marks€on€his€face€or€hands.€€The€appellant€testified€that,€at€the€time€of€the€offense,Ïhe€had€a€gold€tooth.€€He€had€also€tattooed€on€his€hands€ð ðSEX,ðð€ð ðMONEY,ðð€and€ð ðMr.€Love.ððÌ d žÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€appellant€testified€that€he€is€six€feet,€one€inch€tall€and€weighs€two€hundred€and€sixtyÏpounds.Ì ÌÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóFollowing€the€appellantððs€testimony,€Butler€additionally€testified€that€he€recognized€theÏappellantððs€voice€as€the€voice€of€his€assailant.€Ì AÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAgain,€the€trial€occurred€on€February€28,€1995,€prior€to€our€supreme€courtððs€opinion€inÏòòState€v.€Dyleóó,€899€S.W.2d€607€(Tenn.€1995).€€That€opinion€was€released€on€May€15,€1995.€€InÏòòDyleóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€612,€the€Supreme€Court€promulgated€an€identity€instruction€which€must€beÏgiven€to€the€jury€by€the€trial€court€when€identification€is€a€material€issue€and€it€is€requested€byÏdefense€counsel.€€In€the€instant€case,€because€the€trial€occurred€prior€to€the€òòDyleóó€opinion,Ïdefense€counsel€did€not€request€and€the€trial€court€did€not€give€the€òòDyleóó€instruction.€€Rather,€theÏtrial€court€instructed€the€jury:ÌÌà8 àThe€Court€charges€you€that€the€identity€of€the€defendant,€Donald€C.€Williams,Ïmust€be€proven€in€the€case€on€the€part€of€the€State€to€your€satisfaction,€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€In€other€words,€the€burden€of€proof€is€on€the€State€to€showÏthat€the€defendant€now€on€trial€before€you€is€the€identical€person€who€committedÏthe€alleged€crime€with€which€he€is€charged.€€In€considering€the€question€of€theÏidentity€of€a€person,€the€Jury€may€take€into€consideration€the€means€andÏopportunity€of€identification,€if€any;€whether€it€was€light€or€dark;€the€distanceÏintervening;€the€dress€or€clothing€worn;€the€character€and€color€of€same;€the€size,Ïheight,€and€color€of€the€individual;€whether€known€to€him,€and€if€so,€how€long,€andÏif€seen€before,€under€what€circumstances;€whether€running€or€moving€rapidly,Ïstanding€still,€walking€fast€or€slow€at€the€time€claimed€to€the€person€testifying;€theÏcolor€of€the€hair;€hat€worn;€facial€expression€or€features€and€appearance;€whetherÏwith€or€without€moustache€[sic]€and€beard;€whether€person€said€to€be€identifiedÏwas€white,€black,€dark,€yellow,€or€light€color;€masked€or€not;€the€voice€and€speech.ÌÌà8 àAll€these€things€when€shown€in€the€proof€may€be€considered€by€the€Jury€inÏdetermining€the€question€of€identity.€€The€word€identity€means€the€state€or€qualityÏof€being€identical,€or€the€same;€it€means€sameness.€€Identification€means€the€actÏof€identifying€or€proving€to€be€the€same.€€The€word€ð ðIdentifyðð€means€to€establishÏthe€identity€or€to€prove€to€be€the€same€as€something€described,€claimed€orÏasserted.ÌÌà8 àThe€Court€charges€you€that€if€you€are€satisfied€from€the€whole€proof€in€this€case,Ïbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€that€the€defendant,€Donald€C.€Williams,€committedÏthe€crime€charged€against€him,€and€you€are€satisfied,€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,Ïthat€he€has€been€identified€as€the€person€who€committed€the€crime€charged,€thenÏit€would€be€your€duty€to€convict€him.€€On€the€other€hand,€if€you€are€not€satisfiedÏwith€the€identity€from€the€proof,€or€you€have€a€reasonable€doubt€as€to€whether€heÏhas€been€identified€from€the€whole€body€of€the€proof€in€the€case,€then€youÏshould€return€a€verdict€of€not€guilty.ÌÌòòDyleóó€is€applicable€both€to€those€cases€on€appeal€when€the€opinion€was€released€and€to€thoseÏcases€tried€after€that€date.€€òòIdóó.€€The€appellant€filed€his€notice€of€appeal€on€June€16,€1995.€€Thus,Ïthe€case€was€not€ð ðon€appealðð€when€the€opinion€in€òòDyleóó€was€released.€€Nevertheless,€applying€theÏprinciples€set€forth€in€òòDyleóó,€in€the€context€of€the€evidence€in€this€case€and€the€above€instruction,Ïwe€conclude€that€any€error€was€harmless.€€òòIdóó.;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).ÌÌÌÌÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý›ò òÞ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌà@ àNOVEMBER€SESSION,€1996ÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02C01„9512„CR„00359Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€JOSEPH€B.€DAILEY,€JudgeÌDONALD€C.€WILLIAMS,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Aggravated€Robbery)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌWALKER€GWINNà àà àà àà àCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ201€Poplar,€Suite€2„01à àÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à àà àà àLARRY€M.€TEAGUEÌ(ON€APPEAL)à àà àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€JusticeÏDivisionÌA.C.€WHARTONà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌœKATHLEEN€MITCHELL€›à àà àà àà àà àà àÌœAsst.€Public€Defender›à àà àà àWILLIAM€GIBBONSÌœCriminal€Justice€Center€›à àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌœSecond€Floor›Ìœ201€Poplar€Avenue€›à àà àà àTERRELL€œHARRIS€andÌMemphis,€TN€€38103€à àà àà àPHILLIP€G.€HARRIS€›Ìœ(AT€TRIAL)à à›à àà àà àà àAsst.€District€œAttorneys›€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Third€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103Ìó óÌÌÌò òÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌDavid€G.€HayesÌJudgeó óÇÓÓœÌÌ›à@ àò òOPINIONó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€Donald€C.€Williams,€was€convicted€by€a€Shelby€CountyÏjury€of€aggravated€robbery,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„13„402(a)(1)€(1991),€andÏsentenced€to€twelve€years€confinement€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€OnÏappeal,€the€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€identification€evidence.ÌÌà@ àò òòò1.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóÌà àThe€appellantððs€case€proceeded€to€trial€on€February€28,€1995.€€TheÏStateððs€principal€witness€was€Jermaine€Butler,€the€victim€in€this€case.€€ButlerÏrecounted€that,€on€June€5,€1993,€he€drove€his€girlfriend€to€her€motherððs€home€inÏthe€Foote€Homes€apartment€complex€in€Memphis.€€As€he€was€leaving€theÏcomplex,€he€slowed€his€vehicle€in€order€to€drive€over€a€speed€bump.€€A€man€ranÏup€to€the€passenger€side€of€Butlerððs€car,€pointed€a€small,€semi„automatic€pistolÏat€Butler,€asked€him€if€he€was€a€police€officer,€and€ð ðpatted€[him]€down.ðð€€TheÏassailant€then€stated.€ð ðIððm€sprung,€I€donððt€want€to€blow€your€brains€out,€but€giveÏme€what€you€got.ðð€€Butler€gave€the€assailant€approximately€thirty€or€forty€dollars,Ïwhereupon€the€assailant€ran€away.€€Butler€drove€to€a€nearby€store,€where€heÏencountered€a€police€officer€to€whom€he€reported€the€robbery€and€gave€aÏdescription€of€the€person€who€had€robbed€him.ÌÌà àOn€June€12,€1993,€Butler€and€several€friends€returned€to€the€complexÏwhere€the€robbery€had€occurred.€€On€this€occasion,€Butler€observed€hisÏassailant€sitting€on€a€porch.€€He€contacted€the€police€and€led€several€officers€toÏhis€assailant.€€The€police€arrested€the€person€whom€Butler€had€identified.ÌÌÌÌÌà àButler€further€testified€that,€during€the€robbery,€his€assailant€was€veryÏclose,€and€Butler€was€able€to€see€his€face.× ƒ ××  ×€€It€was€approximately€6:00€a.m.€andÏð ðpretty€light€outside.ðð€€The€sun€had€already€risen.€€Butler€stated€that€his€assailantÏð ðhad€like€a€Jheri€curl.€€It€was€not€real€long.€€Kind€of€long.€€A€light€beard€andÏmustache.ðð€€He€also€informed€the€police€that€his€assailant€was€approximately€sixÏfeet€tall€and€weighed€approximately€two€hundred€and€twenty„five€pounds.× ƒ ××  ×€€AtÏtrial,€Butler€identified€the€appellant€as€his€assailant€and€asserted€that€he€had€noÍdoubts€concerning€his€identification.× ƒ! ××  ×€€Butler€also€stated€that€he€had€positivelyÏidentified€the€appellant€during€a€photographic€lineup€and€at€a€preliminaryÏhearing.ÌÌà àDaisy€Henderson€testified€on€behalf€of€the€appellant.€€She€stated€that,€onÏthe€evening€of€June€4,€1993,€and€during€the€early€morning€hours€of€June€5,Ï1993,€she€was€having€a€birthday€party€for€her€daughter€at€her€home€in€the€FooteÏHomes€apartment€complex.€€The€appellant€arrived€at€her€home€at€2:00€a.m.€orÏ3:00€a.m.€€Approximately€one€hour€later,€she€accompanied€the€appellant€to€theÏhome€of€a€neighbor,€Patricia€Bobo.€€After€twenty€or€thirty€minutes,€she€left€theÏappellant€at€Ms.€Boboððs€home.€€When€she€returned€to€Ms.€Boboððs€homeÏbetween€6:40€a.m.€and€7:00€a.m.,€the€appellant€was€asleep€on€the€couch.ÌÌà àPatricia€Bobo€testified€that,€on€the€morning€of€June€5,€1993,€sheÏencountered€the€appellant€at€Daisy€Hendersonððs€home.€€At€approximately€4:00Ïa.m.,€she€allowed€the€appellant€to€go€to€her€apartment€in€order€to€sleep.€€Ms.ÏBobo€returned€to€the€party.€€She€left€the€party€at€approximately€5:40€a.m.€€TheÏappellant€and€another€acquaintance,€Robbie€Webb,€were€sleeping€in€the€livingÏroom.€€Ms.€Bobo€went€upstairs€and€watched€television.€€She€asserted€that€sheÏwould€have€heard€the€door€being€unlocked€if€someone€had€left€the€apartment.€ÍShe€went€back€downstairs€sometime€after€6:00€a.m.€€On€cross„examination,€Ms.ÏBobo€conceded€that€she€had€been€drinking€at€the€party,€but€maintained€that€sheÏis€not€a€ð ðheavy€drinker.ððÌÌà àRobbie€Webb€testified€that€he€attended€the€party€at€Ms.€HendersonððsÏhome.€€At€approximately€3:00€a.m.€or€4:00€a.m.,€he€went€to€Ms.€BoboððsÏapartment€to€sleep.€€The€appellant€was€asleep€on€the€couch.€€Mr.€Webb€slept€onÏa€love€seat.€€He€awoke€sometime€between€6:00€a.m.€and€7:00€a.m.€in€order€toÏopen€the€door€for€Ms.€Henderson.€€The€appellant€was€still€present€in€theÏapartment.€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€testified€on€his€own€behalf.€€On€June€4,€1993,€the€appellantÏhad€just€been€released€from€prison€on€parole€and€was€visiting€family.€€In€theÏearly€morning€hours€of€June€5,€he€decided€to€attend€the€party€at€the€home€ofÏDaisy€Henderson.€€He€stated€that,€when€he€left€the€party,€he€went€to€Ms.€BoboððsÏapartment€and€slept€on€her€couch€until€10:00€a.m.€or€11:00€a.m.€€He€testified€thatÏMs.€Bobo€is€his€sister„in„law.€€He€denied€robbing€Mr.€Butler.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€the€appellant€stated€that€the€term€ð ðsprungððÏindicated€drug€addiction.€€He€admitted€previously€pleading€guilty€to€two€drug„related€offenses.€€He€also€admitted€selling€drugs,€including€cocaine€andÏmarijuana,€more€than€two€hundred€times€between€1988€and€1992.€€However,Íhe€denied€any€addiction.ÌÌà@ àòòò ò2.€€Analysisó óóóÌà àAgain,€the€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€identificationÏevidence.€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€aÏdefendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appealÏa€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€The€defendantÏmust€establish€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€so€deficient€that€noÏ"reasonable€trier€of€fact"€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€offenseÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.Ï2781,€2789€(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€13(e).€€Guilt€may€be€predicated€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantialÏevidence,€or€both.€€òòState€v.€Careyóó,€914€S.W.2d€93,€95€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).ÌÌà àAn€appellate€court€may€neither€reweigh€nor€reevaluate€the€evidenceÏwhen€determining€its€sufficiency.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ï(Tenn.€1978).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses€and€the€weightÏand€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€theÏevidence,€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€and€not€the€appellate€courts.€€òòState€v.ÏPruettóó,€788€S.W.2d€559,€561€(Tenn.€1990).€€"A€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trialÏjudge€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€allÍconflicts€in€favor€of€the€State's€theory."€€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410Ï(Tenn.€1983).€€The€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏevidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòId.óó€ÏòòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).ÌÌà àð ðIt€is€well€established€that€the€identification€of€a€defendant€as€the€personÏwho€committed€the€offense€for€which€he€is€on€trial€is€a€question€of€fact€for€theÏdetermination€of€the€jury€upon€consideration€of€all€competent€proof.ðð€€òòState€v.ÏStricklandóó,€885€S.W.2d€85,€87€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.ÏWilliamsóó,€No.€01C01„9505„CR„00146€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€NovemberÏ12,€1996);€òòState€v.€Rollinsóó,€No.€03C01„9308„CR„00250€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÏKnoxville),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).œ× ƒ" ××  ×›€€Moreover,€this€court€hasÍheld€that€the€identification€testimony€of€a€victim€is,€by€itself,€sufficient€to€support€aÏconviction.€€òòIdóó.€€We€conclude€that€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficient.ÌÌà àAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ___________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€Judge