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ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ H ÒÑ\R AØ'\Ñò òœÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÔ€(ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€)+'A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌMARCH€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9601„CR„00041Ìà àó óAppellee,ò òà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€JAMES€R.€EVERETT,€JR.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌCHERI€ANN€WILLIAMS,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó ó(Driving€Under€the€Influence)ò òÌà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòó óFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ìò òÌLIONEL€R.€BARRETT,€JR.à àà àà àCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌó óWashington€Square€Two,€Ste.€417à àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ222€Second€Avenue,€NorthÌNashville,€TN€€€37201à àò òà àà àà àKAREN€YACUZZOÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌò òANTHONY€A.€ADGENTó óà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€Pkwy.ÌWashington€Square€Two,€Ste.€417à àà àNashville,€TN€€€37243„0493à àÌ222€Second€Avenue,€NorthÌNashville,€TN€€€37201à àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌò òà àà àà àà àà àà àà àVICTOR€S.€JOHNSON€IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPAMELA€ANDERSONÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square,€Ste.€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€Second€Ave.€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€€37201„1649Ìò òÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€________________ÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌJUDGEÌó óÌÌÌÑ7€6uXXdìXXdì7ÑÌò òÓ  ÓOPINIONó óÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àWilliams€appeals€as€of€right€from€a€jury€verdict€of€guilty€of€driving€under€theÏinfluence€of€an€intoxicant,€marijuana€or€narcotic€drug€(DUI).€€Tenn.€Code€€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401.€€She€was€fined€$500€and€sentenced€to€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€daysÏwith€all€but€three€days€suspended.€€Williams€presents€two€issues€for€our€review:€1)Ïwhether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€the€DUI€conviction;€and€2)€whetherÏthe€trial€judge€erred€in€allowing€a€œregistered€nurse›€to€testify€as€an€expert€on€theÏeffects€of€certain€drugs.€€The€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓFACTSÌó óÌÓ  Óà àOn€December€20,€1993,€Williams€was€involved€in€a€one„car€accident€inÍwhich€her€car€ran€off€the€road.€€When€paramedics€first€arrived,€Williams€signedÏliability€release€forms€and€instructed€them€to€leave€without€administering€any€aid.€ÏOfficer€Eckert,€the€investigating€officer€dispatched€to€the€scene,€began€askingÏWilliams€routine€questions€concerning€the€cause€of€the€accident.€€He€observed€thatÏWilliams€was€loud,€belligerent,€confused,€and€had€slurred€speech€and€bloodshotÏeyes.€€He€asked€whether€she€had€been€drinking€any€alcohol€or€was€on€anyÏmedications.€€In€response,€Williams€indicated€that€she€had€not€been€drinking,€butÏwas€taking€Valium€several€times€a€day.€€She€then€opened€her€purse€and€showedÏEckert€four€bottles€of€prescription€medication.€€Officer€Eckert€copied€the€labelsÏdirectly€from€the€bottles€which€showed€the€names€of€the€medications€as€Diazepam,ÏAnaspaz,€Premarin,€and€Axid.€€Ìà àOfficer€Eckert€instructed€Williams€to€wait€in€the€car€while€he€returned€to€hisÏvehicle€to€call€a€wrecker€and€fill€out€paperwork.€€Williams€attempted€to€start€the€carÏand€drive€away.€€After€stopping€the€car,€Officer€Eckert€confiscated€the€keys€andÏagain€instructed€Williams€to€remain€in€the€car€and€wait.€€Instead,€Williams€got€out€ofÏthe€car€and€attempted€to€leave€the€scene€on€foot.€€When€Officer€Eckert€apprehendedÏWilliams,€she€had€fallen€and€apparently€injured€her€hip.€€Officer€Eckert€then€placedÏWilliams€in€the€back€of€his€patrol€car€and€œre„called›€the€paramedics€to€transportÏWilliams€to€the€hospital.€€€€€€Ìò òà àó óOfficer€Eckert€followed€the€paramedics€to€the€hospital€where€WilliamsÏcontinued€to€argue€with€hospital€personnel€and€scream€profanities.€€After€WilliamsððÏhusband€arrived€at€the€hospital,€she€complained€that€Officer€Eckert€pushed€her€andÍcaused€her€to€fall.€ò ò€ó óOfficer€Eckert€denied€having€pushed€Williams€and€immediatelyÏcalled€his€supervisor€to€make€him€aware€of€the€complaint€and€to€have€anotherÏofficer€dispatched€to€the€hospital€to€transport€Williams€to€the€police€station.€€While€enÏroute€to€the€police€station€with€another€officer,€Williams€kept€turning€around€andÏsticking€her€tongue€out€at€Officer€Eckert.Ìà àThere€was€also€testimony€at€trial€from€Sergeant€Joe€Hampton€that€theÏdefendantððs€husband€told€him€at€the€hospital€that€the€officer€was€justified€in€makingÏthe€arrest€since€he€felt€his€wife€was€under€the€influence.€€Defendantððs€husband€alsoÏstated€his€wife€was€on€medication€and€had€drunk€some€wine€earlier€in€the€day.€€TheÏhusband€denied€making€these€comments.Ìà àThe€defendantððs€husband,€daughter€and€a€friend€testified€for€the€defense.€ÏThey€testified€that€defendant€had€not€been€drinking.€€They€further€testified€that€herÏloud€and€belligerent€conduct€was€normal€behavior€when€she€was€irritated.ò òÌÌÓ  ÓSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€mustÏreview€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€during€the€trial€wasÏsufficient€"to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicatedÏupon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence€or€a€combination€of€direct€andÏcircumstantial€evidence.€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Í1990).€Ì€à àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€does€not€reweigh€or€Ìre„evaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.1978).€€ÌNor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€Ìfact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€ÌS.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€court€is€required€to€afford€the€ÌState€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€Ìthe€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€Ìdrawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Herrodóó,€754€S.W.2d€627,€632€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1988).Ì€à àWilliams€argues€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€the€conviction€forÏdriving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant,€a€narcotic€drug,€or€a€drug€producingÏstimulating€effects€on€the€central€nervous€system.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401.€ÏSpecifically,€Williams€contends€the€conviction€is€unsupported€because€there€was€noÏodor€of€alcohol€detected€at€the€accident.€€Williams€argues€that€because€she€isÏnaturally€belligerent€and€argumentative,€it€should€not€be€considered€as€proof€ofÏintoxication.€€Ìà àOfficer€Eckert€not€only€testified€that€Williams€was€belligerent€andÏuncooperative,€but€also€that€she€had€slurred€speech,€bloodshot€eyes,€and€wasÏconfused.€€€He€further€testified€that€Williams€was€ð ðfalling€down,€staggering€andÏstumbling.ðð€€When€asked€if€she€was€on€any€medications,€Williams€told€Eckert€thatÏshe€took€Valium€several€times€a€day€and€then€proceeded€to€open€her€purse€andÍdisplay€€four€prescription€bottles€of€medication.€€Officer€Eckert€testified€that€ð ðthe€effectÏof€medication€was€extreme€and€that€he€felt€Williams€was€unable€to€drive€or€control€aÏmotor€vehicle.ðð€€Williams€twice€attempted€to€flee€the€scene€of€the€accident€afterÏOfficer€Eckert€instructed€her€to€wait.€€Her€behavior€at€the€hospital€was€consistentÏwith€one€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant.€€There€was€more€than€sufficientÏevidence€for€a€rational€juror€to€conclude€œbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that›€WilliamsÏœwas€intoxicated.›€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓADMISSION€OF€EXPERT€TESTIMONYÌó óÌÓ  Óà àWilliams€next€argues€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€a€registered€nurse,ÏDeborah€Dougherty,€to€testify€as€an€expert€regarding€the€effects€of€certain€drugs.€ÏSpecifically,€Williams€contends€that€Dougherty€was€not€qualified€to€give€this€type€ofÏopinion€testimony.€€She€further€contends€such€testimony€is€irrelevant€since€thereÏwas€no€evidence€that€she€had€taken€these€drugs€prior€to€arrest.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àò òAó ó.Ìà àWe€first€note€that€this€issue€was€not€raised€in€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€It€is,Ïtherefore,€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e).€€We€will,€nevertheless,€address€the€issue.ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òB.ó óÌà àRule€702€of€Tennesseeððs€Rules€of€Evidence€provides:ÌÓÓà àà àIf€scientific,€technical€or€other€specialized€knowledge€will€Ìà àà àsubstantially€assist€the€trier€of€fact€to€understand€the€evidence€Ìà àà àor€to€determine€a€fact€in€issue,€a€witness€qualified€as€an€expert€Ìà àà àby€knowledge,€skill,€experience,€training,€or€education€may€Ìà àà àtestify€in€the€form€of€opinion€or€otherwise.ÌÓÓÌà àIn€order€to€uphold€the€admission€of€expert€testimony€of€a€scientific€nature,€theÏfollowing€four€factors€must€appear€in€the€record:€(1)€the€witness€must€be€an€expert;Ï(2)€the€subject€matter€of€the€expert€testimony€must€be€proper;€(3)€the€subject€matterÏmust€conform€to€a€generally€accepted€explanatory€theory;€and€(4)€the€probativeÏvalue€of€œthe€testimony›€must€outweigh€the€prejudicial€effect.€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657ÏS.W.2d€405,€412„13€(Tenn.€1983);€€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€191€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1989).€€The€allowance€of€expert€testimony,€the€qualification€of€expertÏwitnesses,€and€the€relevancy€and€competency€of€expert€testimony€are€mattersÏwhich€rest€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€A€trial€courtððs€decision€onÏthese€matters€will€not€be€reversed€upon€appeal€absent€a€clear€showing€of€abuse€ofÏdiscretion.€€òòWilliamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€at€411„412;€òòState€v.€Rhodenóó,€739€S.W.2d€6,€13Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àò òC.ó óÌà àOutside€the€presence€of€the€jury,€Dougherty€was€questioned€regarding€herÏbackground€and€knowledge€of€Axid,€Premarin,€Diazepam,€and€Anaspaz,€the€fourÏmedications€found€in€Williamsðð€possession.€€She€testified€that€she€had€been€aÏregistered€nurse€for€seventeen€(17)€years,€had€taken€a€pharmacology€course,€andÏwas€familiar€with€the€drugs€in€question.€€€She€further€testified€that€Axid€and€PremarinÍwere€not€intoxicants€and€did€not€produce€a€stimulating€effect€on€the€central€nervousÏsystem.€She€testified€that€Diazepam€is€a€generic€name€for€Valium€which€she€hadÏadministered€to€patients€many€times.€€Ìà àWhen€asked€about€her€familiarity€with€Anaspaz,€she€responded,€ð ðI€believe€itððsÏa€„„€Iððve€never€given€it,€Iððve€seen€the€doctors€give€it€out€€as€prescriptions€for€a€muscleÏrelaxer.ðð€€Defense€counsel€questioned€the€nurse€specifically,€ð ðwhether€she€hadÏmedical€knowledge€as€to€the€effect€Anaspaz€has€on€the€central€nervous€system,€andÏwhether€or€not€it€is€categorized€as€a€narcotic€drug.ðð€€She€responded€by€stating€thatÏshe€did€not€know€whether€Anaspaz€was€a€narcotic€and€that€whenever€Anaspaz€isÏprescribed,€she€cautions€patients€not€to€drink€and€drive.€€She€later€clarified€for€theÏcourt€that€Anaspaz,€as€a€muscle€relaxant,€is€a€central€nervous€system€depressant.Ìà àThe€trial€court€determined€that€Dougherty€was€qualified€to€testify€regardingÏthe€effects€the€drugs€had€on€the€central€nervous€system.€€When€the€jury€returned,ÏDougherty€testified€as€follows:ÌÓÓà àQ:à àAre€you€familiar€with€a€medication€called€Diazepam?Ìà àA:à àThatððs€commonly€known€as€Valium.Ìà àQ:à àAnd€does€this€type€of€medication€have€any€effect€on€the€centralÏà àà àà ànervous€system?Ìà àA:à àYes,€I€believe€it€does.Ìà àQ:à àAre€you€familiar€with€the€medication€by€the€name€of€Anaspaz?Ìà àA:à àYes,€I€believe€itððs€a€muscle€relaxer.Ìà àQ:à àAnd€does€this€type€of€medication€have€any€effect€on€the€centralÏà àà àà ànervous€system?Ìà àA:€à àAs€far€as€I€know€it€does.€ÌÌÓӜǛà àThis€testimony€was€relevant€to€the€charge€of€driving€under€the€influence.€ÏFurther,€Dougherty€was€familiar€with€the€drugs€and€had€years€of€experience€in€theÏnursing€field.€€The€record€reflects€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€inÏallowing€Dougherty€to€testify€regarding€the€effect€on€the€central€nervous€system.€ÏInterestingly,€after€noting€the€objection€for€the€record,€defense€counsel€stated,€œð ðIÌthink›€this€witness€could€qualify€to€testify€as€to€the€effects€of€the€central€nervousÏsystem€.€.€.€.ðð€€€Doughertyððs€testimony€was€very€œlimited.€€Also,€even€though€we€doubtÏthat€her€knowledge€of€Anaspaz€was€shown€to€rise€to€the€level€of€expertise,€theÏadmission€of€her€testimony€about€it€was€harmless€error€at€most.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï36(b).€€ÌÌ›à àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.Ìœ›ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ___________________________ÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGE