ÿWPC  –…½L(›õ,âÌôÀb]õÍãZËÑß¹²02£r〘õš’5–9¿´âîõ¼qw¢ë?ksi儲ä7ô€TÐ0½ÑÏreW»Ö°©:ù©Îª³ ñÒu5“Ç ²¶²‡¢)¨zºÓÒÆÇ9öåzT-­º±¤Ä¸ËÒÀ÷5âöò¥ßz(¥ØäêCÖ0żÃcå8¦kMR»õFhtšjË[ˆ¯?Œ¾0áf}±^ÓfôdéhJäá;jÚ \€Û–)û¯˜¯W»®»_RCZ9cä˜m’´fΟ/øÎ€•võLÏíȤ£aq,Xfœ6fô7ž£n*Ç´BSGÿ.’:m~q’è0…·íÙ8ËÚ]ùUˆë•n ô•cÌj¼ ‘`€™œéDß~QΈéðC?CL4bûÖ%ßâ}ædÒ'Þc£‹K¯ÍŽÕdÄyWVÉMAÔž³ŽfëN@£2-xÍÏ –@¹²@³ ÓÛ· ƒÙs¡J’XNÝš—¨É9LǬ§}‡•ð Ï ³1XX´XÌ%Ò»¶£úéØ b>·=änh¤\;÷÷®>¾Î¼E©þë'áV>á…’Ï3¨¹7~gįüšMà<Á 3c\ö3î›Ö ¾œb#Á\ % 1u# 0ˆ˜ UN 72n ^   z¬ Ò& wø 4ü  0D Æc Æ) Æï Ƶ{N} mE–– 1˜%%%%%%È-Võ9Kˆ„„„„„„„„„„„„b                                     0ë Bÿÿ 0¤ D3À D-ó 0K   ASkƾ 0¤„ 0D( A«l˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regulari)¬)L  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt¬sp'`§k1ˆ§3|x(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(¦ÙCEMU]emu}AutoList1(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)  ¾Ý ƒRàå$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô2lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThis€friend€was€Alicia€Flowers,€who€was€injured€in€the€accident. LÝ ƒRàå$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô2lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔBrandon€Melton€did€not€specifically€state€that€the€victim€drowned€but€only€that€she€lost€her€life.€€For€clarity,Ð ° Ðwe€have€included€this€fact€based€upon€the€other€evidence€in€the€record.€€ /Ý ƒRàå$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô2lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„114:Ð ° Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIf€appropriate€for€the€offense,€enhancement€factors,€if€not€themselves€essentialÐ n¾ Ðelements€of€the€offense€as€charged€in€the€indictment,€may€include:Ð,|` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminalÐ ê: Ðbehavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;Шø` x` x Ðà  àà ` à.€.€.€.Ð f¶ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(3)€The€offense€involved€more€than€one€(1)€victim;Ð$ t` x` x Ðà  àà ` à.€.€.€.Ð â 2 Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(6)€The€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€or€the€amount€of€damage€to€propertyÐ   ð Ðsustained€by€or€taken€from€the€victim€was€particularly€great;Ð^ ® ` x` x Ðà  àà ` à.€.€.€.Ð  l  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(10)€The€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€toÐ Ú *  Ðhuman€life€was€high[.]И è ` x` x ÐÌ ~Ý ƒRàå$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô2lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„103:ò òÐ ° Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àDuty€to€give€information€and€render€aid.€ð!ðó ó€(a)€The€driver€of€any€vehicleÐ n¾ Ðinvolved€in€an€accident€resulting€in€injury€to€or€death€of€any€person€or€damage€toÐ ,| Ðany€vehicle€which€is€driven€or€attended€by€any€person€.€.€.€shall€render€to€anyÐ ê: Ðperson€injured€in€such€accident€reasonable€assistance,€including€the€carrying,€or€theÐ ¨ø Ðmaking€of€arrangements€for€the€carrying,€of€such€person€to€a€physician,€surgeon€orÐ f¶ Ðhospital€for€medical€or€surgical€treatment€if€it€is€apparent€that€such€treatment€isÐ $ t Ðnecessary€or€if€such€carrying€is€requested€by€the€injured€person.€- ù-(|G2àå$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Vø»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô2lò»»Ô d(|3–”$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Vø»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3–”$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Vø»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Vø»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Vø»»»ÔÑ8€'4XXdæ»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îq{VøÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼Vø»îîq{ #ԈРР ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àJanuary€2000€SessionÐ ð@ ÐÔ‡X'4X»¼VøÔÌò òÔ#†¼Vø»XX'4#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€DERRICK€WILLIAMSÔ‡X'4X»¼VøÔó óÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ô_ÔCrockettÔ_Ô€CountyÐ Ø ( Ðà@@øøìàNo.€3097€€€€€€Dick€Ô_ÔJermanÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ ¾  ÐÌÌW1999„01231à@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` Aß„CCA„R3„CD€„€Decided€August€18,€2000Ð pÀ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<;` AßÐ <Œ  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€appeal€arises€from€the€defendantððs€challenge€to€his€sentence€of€twelve€years€plus€a€$10,000€fineÐ 1  Ðfor€vehicular€homicide,€four€years€for€reckless€aggravated€assault,€one€year€for€leaving€the€scene€ofÐ g  Ðan€accident,€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€plus€a€$350€fine€for€driving€under€theÐ ýM Ðinfluence.€€The€sentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently.€€The€defendant€disputes€the€trial€courtððsÐ ã3 Ðapplication€of€three€of€four€enhancement€factors€and€refusal€to€apply€a€mitigating€factor€in€reachingÐ É Ðthe€sentence.€€Based€upon€our€review,€we€affirm€the€convictions€for€vehicular€homicide,€recklessÐ ¯ÿ Ðaggravated€assault,€and€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accident,€and€reverse€and€dismiss€the€conviction€forÐ •å Ðdriving€under€the€influence,€this€offense€being€merged€into€the€conviction€for€vehicular€homicide.€Ð {Ë ÐAdditionally,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€incorrectly€applied€certain€enhancement€factors.€Ð a± ÐAccording,€we€reduce€the€sentence€for€vehicular€homicide€to€ten€years€and€the€sentence€for€recklessÐ G— Ðaggravated€assault€to€three€years.€€All€sentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently,€as€ordered€by€the€trialÐ -} Ðcourt.Ð c ÐÔ#†¼Vø»XX'4|#ÔÔ‡X'4X»¼VøÔÓ–ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó ó€ò òin€Part,Ð ß/ ÐReversed€and€Dismissed€in€Part,€and€Sentence€Modifiedó 󀀀РŠÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Vø»àX'4 #ÔÔ‡X'4X.¼VøÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòJoe€G.€Riley,Ð ‘á ÐJJ.óó,€joined.Ð w Ç ÐÌTom€W.€Ô_ÔCriderÔ_Ô,€District€Public€Defender,€and€Joyce€Diane€Ô_ÔStootsÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€forÐ C"“! Ðthe€appellant,€Derrick€Williams.Ð )#y" ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Patricia€C.€Ô_ÔKussmannÔ_Ô,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ õ$E $ ÐGeneral;€Ô_ÔClayburnÔ_Ô€L.€Ô_ÔPeeplesÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Edward€L.€Ô_ÔHardisterÔ_Ô,€Assistant€DistrictÐ Û%+!% ÐAttorney€General;€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Á&"& ÐÔ#†¼Vø»XX'41 #ÔÔ‡X'4X»¼VøÔÓ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Vø»XX'4µ#ÔÔ‡X'4X»¼VøÔÐ (Ý#( ÐÌÔ#†¼Vø»XX'4'#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X'4X»¼VøÔà  àThe€defendant,€Derrick€Williams,€pled€guilty€to€vehicular€homicide€by€means€of€intoxicationÐ Y*©%* Ð(a€Class€B€felony),€reckless€aggravated€assault€(a€Class€D€felony),€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accidentÐ ?+&+ Ð(a€Class€E€felony),€and€driving€under€the€influence€(a€Class€A€misdemeanor).€€These€charges€resultedÐ %,u', Ðfrom€the€death€of€sixteen„year„old€Casey€Lee€Ô_ÔMeltonÔ_Ô,€and€injuries€to€her€friend,€Alicia€Flowers,Ð  -[(- Ðoccurring€on€May€9,€1998.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€twelve€years€plus€a€$10,000Ð ñ-A).ý ÐÔ_Ôfine€for€the€vehicular€homicide,€four€years€for€the€reckless€aggravated€assault,€one€year€for€leavingÐ ° Ðthe€scene€of€an€accident€where€death€or€injury€occurred,€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€daysÐ –æ Ðplus€a€$350€fine€and€revocation€of€his€driverððs€license€for€one€year€for€driving€under€the€influence.€Ð |Ì ÐThe€sentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently.€€The€defendant€challenges€the€trial€court's€applicationÐ b² Ðof€enhancing€factor€(3),€the€crime€involved€more€than€one€victim;€factor€(6),€the€personal€injuriesÐ H˜ Ðwere€particularly€great;€and€factor€(10),€a€high€risk€to€human€life€was€involved.€€He€also€appeals€theÐ . ~ Ðtrial€court's€refusal€to€mitigate€his€sentence,€due€to€his€great€remorse€and€change€of€heart€since€theÐ  d Ðcrime.€€The€State€agrees€that€the€application€of€factors€(3),€(6),€and€(10)€was€improper€in€this€caseÐ ú J Ðbut€argues€that€factor€(1),€the€prior€criminal€history€of€the€defendant,€should€be€given€great€weight,Ð à 0 Ðbecause€the€defendant's€long€history€with€drugs€and€alcohol„related€offenses€shows€a€cavalier€attitudeÐ Æ   Ðtoward€the€law.€€The€State€also€argues€that€no€mitigating€factors€apply,€as€the€defendant's€remorseÐ ¬ ü  Ðdid€not€manifest€itself€until€after€he€had€been€incarcerated€for€some€time,€and€the€remorse€might€beÐ ’â  Ðbecause€he€was€confined€rather€than€because€of€his€actions€that€resulted€in€confinement.€€Based€uponÐ xÈ  Ðour€review,€we€affirm€the€convictions€for€vehicular€homicide,€reckless€aggravated€assault,€andÐ ^®  Ðleaving€the€scene€of€an€accident,€and€reverse€and€dismiss€the€conviction€for€driving€under€theÐ D”  Ðinfluence,€this€offense€being€merged€into€the€conviction€for€vehicular€homicide.€€Additionally,€weÐ *z  Ðconclude€that€the€trial€court€incorrectly€applied€certain€enhancement€factors.€€According,€we€reduceÐ ` Ðthe€sentence€for€vehicular€homicide€to€ten€years,€leaving€the€fine€at€$10,000,€and€the€sentence€forÐ öF Ðreckless€aggravated€assault€to€three€years.€€All€sentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently,€as€orderedÐ Ü, Ðby€the€trial€court.Ð Â ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òà À àFACTSÐ ŽÞ ÐÌà  àó óAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€Casey€Lee€Melton's€older€brother,€Brandon,€asked€to€read€aÐ Zª Ðstatement€to€the€court,€the€statement€setting€out€the€facts€of€the€case.€€In€his€statement,€BrandonÐ @ ÐMelton€described€his€sister€as€a€sixteen„year„old€high€school€student€who€was€looking€forward€toÐ &v Ðher€junior„senior€prom€on€the€evening€of€May€8,€1998.€€As€the€victim€and€a€friend׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€were€nearing€herÐ  \ Ðhouse€after€the€dance,€the€intoxicated€defendant€drove€his€car€into€the€rear€of€the€victimsðð€car,€forcingÐ òB Ðit€into€a€flooded€field.€€Casey€Melton€drowned€before€she€could€be€rescued.׃ N×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Brandon€MeltonÐ Ø( Ðdescribed€the€devastation€and€pain€that€his€family€has€suffered€as€a€result€of€the€victim's€death,Ð ¾ Ðcaused€by€the€defendant's€irresponsible€decision€to€drink€and€drive.€€Other€members€of€the€victim'sÐ ¤ô Ðfamily€filed€victim€impact€statements€with€the€trial€court,€which€are€likewise€contained€in€the€record.€Ð Š Ú ÐIn€addition€to€the€sad€loss€of€their€youngest€daughter€and€sister,€the€family€has€incurred€funeralÐ p!À  Ðexpenses€and€attorney's€fees€in€connection€with€the€defendant's€actions.Ð V"¦! ÐÌà  àThe€next€witness€called€at€the€sentencing€hearing€was€Jimmy€Porter,€Chief€Administrator€ofÐ "$r# Ðthe€Crockett€County€Jail.€€Porter€testified€that€he€had€known€the€defendant€since€his€incarcerationÐ %X $ Ðat€the€jail,€and€that€the€defendant€had€not€received€any€ð ðwrite„upsðð€while€in€jail.€€However,€theÐ î%>!% Ðdefendant€had€sought€help€for€anxiety€and€depression€from€a€doctor€during€his€incarceration€and€wasÐ Ô&$"& Ðprescribed€medication€for€these€conditions.€€According€to€Porter,€he€has€seen€a€"180€degree"€changeÐ º' #' Ðin€the€defendant's€attitude€during€his€confinement€away€from€an€attitude€of€rebellion€and€lack€ofÐ ° Ðunderstanding€of€the€seriousness€of€his€actions.€€On€the€date€of€the€hearing,€the€defendant€had€beenÐ –æ Ðconfined€for€341€days.€€Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àThe€defendant,€Derrick€Williams,€testified€on€his€own€behalf.€€He€expressed€remorse€for€hisÐ H˜ Ðactions€and€asked€the€forgiveness€of€the€victim's€family.€€He€stated€that€he€thinks€about€and€relivesÐ . ~ Ðthe€events€every€day€and€every€night.€€The€defendant€testified€that€his€life€has€been€changed,€and€heÐ  d Ðnow€realizes€how€precious€life€is.€€He€stated€that€he€has€taken€responsibility€for€his€actions.Ð ú J ÐAccording€to€the€defendant,€he€has€had€a€problem€with€drugs€and€alcohol€for€six€to€eight€years.€€HeÐ à 0 Ðadmitted€acting€irresponsibly€and€without€recognizing€the€seriousness€of€his€behavior€on€the€eveningÐ Æ   ÐCasey€Melton€was€killed.€€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌà  àAfter€hearing€the€evidence,€the€trial€judge€found€that€enhancement€factors€(1),€(3),€(6),€andÐ xÈ  Ð(10)׃!×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€applied.€€No€mitigating€circumstances€were€found.€€The€judge€stated,€ð ðI€canððt€find€anyÐ ^®  Ðmitigation€in€this€except€what€youððve€done€since€it€happened,€and€Iððve€got€to€look€at€you€on€the€dateÐ D”  Ðthat€this€event€occurred.€€And€I€canððt€find€any€mitigating€factors€at€all€based€on€your€conduct€andÐ *z  Ðwhat€you€did.ðð€€The€trial€judge€then€sentenced€the€defendant€as€previously€outlined.Ð ` ÐÐ  öF Ðò òÓ  ÓANALYSISÐ ° Ðó óÓ¶*ÓÌò òòòÓ  ÓMergeró óóóÐ |Ì ÐÓù*ÓÌà  àAlthough€not€raised€as€an€issue€by€the€parties,€we€have€determined€that€double€jeopardyÐ H˜ Ðprinciples€will€not€permit€the€convictions€for€vehicular€homicide€and€DUI€€to€both€stand.€€òòState€v.Ð . ~ ÐDentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€373€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Rhodesóó,€917€S.W.2d€708€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),Ð  d Ðòòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996)€(double€jeopardy€prevents€convictions€for€both€vehicular€assault€byÐ ú J Ðintoxication€and€DUI);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€George€Blake€Kellyóó,€No.€01C01„9610„CC„0048,€1998€WLÐ à 0 Ð712268,€at€*9„10€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Oct.€13,€1998)€(convictions€for€vehicular€assault€andÐ Æ   Ðvehicular€homicide€prevented€by€double€jeopardy).€€Accordingly,€the€conviction€for€DUI€is€reversedÐ ¬ ü  Ðand€dismissed,€the€DUI€being€merged€into€the€vehicular€homicide€conviction.Ð ’â  ÐÌÓ  Óà @ àà @` àà @¸ àà @ àà @h àò òòòStandard€of€Reviewó óóóÐ ^®  ÐÓ/ÓÌ€à  àIn€reviewing€the€defendantððs€sentence,€we€must€first€determine€whether€the€trial€courtÐ *z  Ðcomplied€with€the€requirements€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„210(f):€(1)€to€place€on€theÐ ` Ðrecord€the€reasons€for€arriving€at€the€final€sentence;€(2)€to€identify€and€support€from€the€record€theÐ öF Ðenhancement€and€mitigating€factors€used;€and€(3)€to€state€the€weight€and€significance€given€to€theÐ Ü, Ðmitigating€and€enhancement€factors.€òòóó€€òòState€v.€Lavenderóó,€967€S.W.2d€803,€807€(Tenn.€1998)€(quotingÐ Â ÐòòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€601€(Tenn.€1994))òòóó.€€If€we€find€that€the€trial€court€has€complied€withÐ ¨ø Ðthese€statutory€requirements,€our€review€is€òòde€novoóó€on€the€record€with€a€presumption€of€correctnessÐ ŽÞ Ðas€to€the€findings€of€the€trial€court.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€If,€however,€the€trial€courtÐ tÄ Ðfailed€to€meet€these€requirements,€our€appellate€review€is€still€òòde€novoóó€but€without€the€presumptionÐ Zª Ðof€correctness.€€òòLavenderóó,€967€S.W.2d€at€807.€€In€addition,€the€presumption€does€not€apply€to€theÐ @ Ðlegal€conclusions€of€the€trial€court€or€determinations€based€on€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.Ð &v ÐWilliamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69,€81€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Furthermore,€it€is€the€burden€of€theÐ  \ Ðappellant€to€prove€that€the€sentence€imposed€was€erroneous.€€òòId.óó€€òòóó€€Ð òB ÐÌà  àOur€review€of€the€record€reveals€that€the€trial€court€enumerated€the€enhancement€andÐ ¾ Ðmitigating€factors€it€was€considering,€but€it€did€not€make€specific€findings€of€fact€as€to€how€theÐ ¤ô Ðfactors€applied€to€each€victim€or€charge€individually.€€We€conclude€that€the€minimum€requirementsÐ Š Ú Ðfor€sentencing€were€not€met.€€Therefore,€we€will€review€the€defendantððs€sentence€without€theÐ p!À  Ðpresumption€of€correctness.€€€Ð V"¦! ÐÌà  àUnder€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€only€the€factors€listed€in€ðð€40„35„114€may€beÐ "$r# Ðused€to€enhance€a€sentence.€€òòLavenderóó,€967€S.W.2d€at€807.€€While€the€weight€to€be€given€a€factorÐ %X $ Ðis€left€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€judge,€òòState€v.€Ealeyóó,€959€S.W.2d€605,€613€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð î%>!% ÐApp.€1997),€a€factor€cannot€be€utilized€by€the€court€if€it€is€also€an€essential€element€of€the€offense.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐòòId.óó€€In€other€words,€if€the€facts€used€to€support€a€particular€enhancement€factor€are€the€same€as€thoseÐ º' #' Ðused€to€prove€an€essential€element€of€the€offense,€the€use€of€that€factor€is€not€proper.€€We€assume€thatÐ  (ð#( Ðthe€legislature€has€already€taken€into€account€the€level€of€culpability€associated€with€particularÐ †)Ö$) Ðoffenses€in€setting€punishment,€and€a€defendantððs€punishment€should€not€be€enhanced€above€thisÐ l*¼%* Ðâ âlevel€unless€facts€are€present€that€are€separate€and€distinct€from€those€necessary€to€establish€the€basicÐ R+¢&+ Ðcrime€itself.€€òòId.óó€€There€are€no€hard€and€fast€rules€as€to€which€factors€apply€in€certain€situations,€andÐ ° Ðour€determination€of€the€appropriate€use€of€a€factor€in€sentencing€is€on€a€case„by„case€basis.€€òòId.óó€€Ð –æ Ðâ âÌà  àThe€defendant€challenges€the€use€of€three€of€the€enhancement€factors€by€the€trial€court€andÐ b² Ðits€refusal€to€apply€any€mitigating€factors.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òEnhancement€Factor€(1)ó óÐ  d ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€enhanced€the€defendantððs€sentences€using€factor€(1),€the€defendant€had€aÐ à 0 Ðhistory€of€criminal€behavior.€€The€defendant€does€not€dispute€the€use€of€this€factor,€and€the€recordÐ Æ   Ðsupports€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€this€factor.€€A€review€of€the€presentencing€report€indicatesÐ ¬ ü  Ðthat€the€defendant€was€convicted€on€February€12,€1997,€in€Humboldt€General€Sessions€Court€ofÐ ’â  Ðpossession€of€marijuana€and€use€of€unlawful€drug€paraphernalia.€€He€was€twenty„one€years€old€atÐ xÈ  Ðthe€time€and€received€a€suspended€sentence€and€a€fine.€€On€November€29,€1995,€the€defendant€wasÐ ^®  Ðconvicted€of€possession€of€cocaine€and€received€ten€days€in€jail€and€a€fine.€€òòóóIn€Gibson€County,€theÐ D”  Ðdefendant€had€convictions€for€speeding€and€driving€without€a€driver's€license.€€He€ultimatelyÐ *z  Ðforfeited€on€charges€for€assault€in€November€1996,€a€safety€belt€violation€in€August€1997,€and€publicÐ ` Ðdrunkenness€on€April€23,€1998.€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€correctly€applied€this€factor.€Ð öF ÐHowever,€the€nature€of€the€defendantððs€convictions€are€such€that€we€conclude€this€factor€is€notÐ Ü, Ðentitled€to€great€weight.Ð Â ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òEnhancement€Factor€(3)Ð ŽÞ ÐÌó óà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€incorrectly€applied€factor€(3),€the€offense€involvedÐ Zª Ðmore€than€one€victim.€€The€State€agrees€that€factor€(3)€should€not€have€been€applied€to€the€homicideÐ @ Ðand€assault€convictions,€but€that€it€was€properly€applied€to€the€driving€under€the€influence€andÐ &v Ðleaving€the€scene€convictions.€€This€court€has€previously€held€that€this€factor€cannot€be€used€toÐ  \ Ðenhance€a€sentence€when€there€are€separate€convictions€for€the€offenses€committed€against€eachÐ òB Ðvictim.€€òòWilliamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€82.€€In€the€present€case,€there€were€separate€convictions€on€theÐ Ø( Ðcharges€of€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxication€in€the€death€of€Casey€Melton€(Count€1)€and€recklessÐ ¾ Ðaggravated€assault€in€the€case€of€Alicia€Flowers€(Count€4).€€Thus,€factor€(3)€could€not€be€used€toÐ ¤ô Ðenhance€the€punishment€for€these€crimes.€€The€conviction€for€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accident€(CountÐ Š Ú Ð6)€involved€both€victims,€but€there€was€not€a€separate€conviction€as€to€each.€€Therefore,€theÐ p!À  Ðpunishment€could€be€enhanced€as€to€this€offense,€as€long€as€the€factor€is€not€an€essential€element€ofÐ V"¦! Ðeither€of€those€offenses.€€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌà  àLeaving€the€scene€of€an€accident€is€defined€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€55„10„101€as:Ð %X $ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)€€The€driver€of€any€vehicle€involved€in€an€accident€resulting€inÐ Ô&$"& Ðinjury€to€or€death€of€any€person€shall€immediately€stop€such€vehicleÐ º' #' Ðat€the€scene€of€such€accident€or€as€close€thereto€as€possible,€but€shallÐ  (ð#( Ðthen€forthwith€return€to€and€in€every€event€shall€remain€at€the€sceneÐ †)Ö$) Ðâ âof€the€accident€until€the€driver€has€fulfilled€the€requirements€of€ðð€55„Ð l*¼%* Ð10„103.׃"×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€.€.€.€The€requirements€herein€apply€to€accidents€occurringÐ ° Ðâ âupon€highways€and€the€premises€of€any€shopping€center,€trailer€parkÐ –æ Ðor€any€apartment€house€complex,€or€any€other€premises€which€areÐ |Ì Ðgenerally€frequented€by€the€public€at€large.Ðb²` x` x Ðà  àÌà  àSince€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accident€does€not€require€that€there€be€more€than€one€victimÐ . ~ Ðas€an€essential€element,€we€conclude€that€the€sentences€for€this€offense€could€be€enhanced€by€factorÐ  d Ð(3).€€Because€we€have€concluded€that€the€DUI€offense€is€merged€into€the€vehicular€homicideÐ ú J Ðconviction,€this€issue€is€moot€as€to€the€DUI€conviction.Ð à 0 ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò ò€€Enhancement€Factor€(6)Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌó óà  àThis€factor€allows€enhanced€punishment€when€the€personal€injuries€or€property€damageÐ xÈ  Ðsustained€by€the€victim€was€particularly€great.€€The€defendant€contends€that€this€factor€should€notÐ ^®  Ðhave€been€applied,€while€the€Stateððs€position€is€that€it€was€properly€applied€to€the€DUI€conviction.Ð D”  ÐWe€agree€with€the€position€of€the€parties€that€factor€(6)€cannot€be€applied€to€the€convictions€forÐ *z  Ðvehicular€homicide,€reckless€aggravated€assault,€and€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accident.€€Since€we€haveÐ ` Ðdetermined€that€the€DUI€conviction€is€merged€into€the€conviction€for€vehicular€homicide,€this€issueÐ öF Ðis€now€moot€as€to€the€DUI.Ð Ü, ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òEnhancement€Factor€(10)Ð ¨ø ÐÌó óà  àThe€last€factor€challenged€by€the€defendant€is€enhancement€factor€(10),€the€defendant€had€noÐ tÄ Ðhesitation€in€committing€the€offense€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€Because€there€wereÐ Zª Ðseparate€convictions€for€the€offenses€of€vehicular€homicide€and€aggravated€assault€related€to€eachÐ @ Ðvictim,€this€factor€does€not€apply€to€those€offenses.€€The€State€concedes€this€result.€€This€factor€alsoÐ &v Ðshould€not€have€been€applied€to€enhance€the€sentence€for€leaving€the€scene€of€the€accident,€if€indeedÐ  \ Ðthe€judge€did€so.€€The€record€is€too€sparse€for€us€to€determine€whether€this€factor€was€applied.€€òòóóTheÐ òB Ðrecord€in€this€case€does€not€support€the€application€of€this€factor,€since€the€accident€apparentlyÐ Ø( Ðoccurred€late€at€night€in€a€rural€area€when€the€victims€were€returning€home€from€their€prom.€Ð ¾ ÐAlthough€he€may€have€done€so,€there€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€that€the€defendant€encountered€anyÐ ¤ô Ðother€vehicles€in€the€area€at€the€time.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€would€have€erred€in€applying€thisÐ Š Ú Ðenhancing€factor€to€the€conviction€for€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accident.€Ð p!À  ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òMitigating€Factor€ó ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€ò òÐ <#Œ" ÐÐ "$r# Ðà  àó óThe€defendant€argues€that€his€great€remorse€should€have€been€used€as€a€mitigating€factor.€Ð ° ÐHowever,€the€State€argues€that€the€defendantððs€remorse€came€after€he€had€been€incarcerated€for€someÐ –æ Ðtime€and€raises€the€question€of€whether€the€remorse€resulted€from€the€offense€itself€or€from€beingÐ |Ì Ðconfined.€€After€a€review€of€the€record€and€the€trial€courtððs€comments€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€weÐ b² Ðconclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusing€to€apply€this€factor.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àRemorse€can€be€used€as€a€mitigating€factor;€however,€ð ðmere€speaking€of€remorseful€wordsÐ  d Ðor€a€genuflection€in€the€direction€of€remorse€will€not€earn€an€accused€a€sentence€reduction.ðð€Ð ú J ÐòòWilliamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€83.€€There€is€nothing€in€the€record€before€us,€other€than€the€words€of€theÐ à 0 Ðdefendant,€that€shows€genuine€remorse.€€Although€Jimmy€Porter,€administrator€at€the€jail,€testifiedÐ Æ   Ðthat€the€defendantððs€attitude€during€his€confinement€has€changed€to€understanding€the€seriousnessÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€his€crime,€he€also€testified€that€the€defendant€was€rebellious€and€did€not€understand€this€when€heÐ ’â  Ðwas€first€confined.€€At€the€time€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€defendant€had€been€in€jail€for€almostÐ xÈ  Ða€year.€€There€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€of€any€actions€by€the€defendant€that€would€support€hisÐ ^®  Ðremorsefulness.€€Apparently,€the€trial€court€was€not€convinced€that€the€defendantððs€remorse€over€hisÐ D”  Ðactions€was€genuine€enough€to€merit€a€mitigation€of€his€sentence,€and€we€are€likewise€not€convinced.€Ð *z  ÐThe€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court,€and,€therefore,€we€affirmÐ ` Ðthe€trial€courtððs€refusal€to€apply€this€mitigating€factor.€Ð öF ÐÌà  àà ` àò òó óà ¸ àà  àò ò€€€€€à0 h à€€€Sentencingó óà  àÐÂh(#h(# ÐÌà  àThe€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€presumptively€the€minimum€in€the€range,€unlessÐ ŽÞ Ðthere€are€enhancement€factors€present.€€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€985€S.W.2d€9,€19€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð tÄ Ð1997),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1998).€€If€there€are€enhancement€factors€but€no€mitigating€factors,Ð Zª Ðas€in€the€present€case,€the€trial€court€can€choose€to€increase€the€sentence€above€the€minimum.€Tenn.Ð @ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d).€òòóó€The€trial€judge€assigns€the€weight€to€each€factor€in€accordance€with€theÐ &v Ðpurposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€and€what€is€supported€by€the€record.€€òòAndersonóó,Ð  \ Ð985€S.W.2d€at€19.€Ð òB ЀÌà  àWe€are€now€left€with€one€enhancement€factor,€rather€than€four,€and€no€mitigating€factors,€asÐ ¾ Ðto€the€convictions€for€vehicular€homicide€and€aggravated€assault.€€The€record€shows€that€theÐ ¤ô Ðdefendant€has€a€six€to€eight€year€history€of€drug€and€alcohol€abuse.€€We€conclude€that€factor€(1),€theÐ Š Ú Ðdefendant€has€a€history€of€criminal€behavior,€is€not€entitled€to€great€weight€in€sentencing€thisÐ p!À  Ðdefendant€for€these€two€offenses€because€of€the€relatively€minor€nature€of€his€prior€offenses.Ð V"¦! ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€twelve€years€plus€a€fine€as€a€Range€I€standardÐ "$r# Ðoffender€for€the€vehicular€homicide€of€Casey€Melton.€€The€Range€I€sentence€for€vehicular€homicide,Ð %X $ Ða€Class€B€felony,€is€not€less€than€eight€years€and€not€more€than€twelve€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð î%>!% Ð35„112(a)(2).€€The€trial€court€gave€the€defendant€the€maximum€sentence,€giving€factor€(1)€greatÐ Ô&$"& Ðweight.€€Based€upon€our€review,€we€conclude€that€the€appropriate€sentence€for€this€conviction€isÐ º' #' Ðconfinement€for€ten€years€and€a€fine€of€$10,000,€factor€(1)€not€being€entitled€to€great€weight€becauseÐ  (ð#( Ðof€the€relatively€minor€nature€of€the€offenses.Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€four€years€for€the€reckless€aggravated€assault€ofÐ R+¢&+ ÐAlicia€Flowers.€€The€Range€I€sentence€for€this€offense,€a€Class€D€felony,€is€not€less€than€two€yearsÐ 8,ˆ', Ðand€not€more€than€four€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(4).€€The€defendant€received€theÐ ° Ðmaximum€sentence€for€this€offense.€€We€conclude€that€the€appropriate€sentence€for€this€convictionÐ –æ Ðis€confinement€for€three€years.Ð |Ì ÐÌò òà  àó ó€€While€we€have€concluded€that€two€of€the€four€enhancement€factors,€namely€factors€(1)€andÐ H˜ Ð(3),€can€be€applied€in€sentencing€the€defendant€for€leaving€the€scene€of€the€accident,€the€trial€courtÐ . ~ Ðsentenced€the€defendant€to€the€minimum€in€the€range€for€a€Class€E€felony.€€For€this€offense,€theÐ  d Ðrange€was€a€minimum€of€one€year€and€a€maximum€of€two€years.€€The€trial€court€did€not€choose€toÐ ú J Ðenhance€the€defendantððs€sentence,€perhaps€because€the€defendant€pulled€Alicia€Flowers€out€of€theÐ à 0 Ðfield€before€fleeing€the€scene,€but€the€record€does€not€enlighten€us€on€the€courtððs€reasoning.€€In€anyÐ Æ   Ðevent,€enhancement€is€not€mandatory,€and€we€decline€to€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€on€thisÐ ¬ ü  Ðsentence.€€Thus,€we€affirm€the€imposition€of€one€year€incarceration€for€the€offense€of€leaving€theÐ ’â  Ðscene€of€the€accident.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àò ò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CONCLUSIONó ó€Ð D”  ÐÌà  àFrom€our€òòde€novoóó€review€of€the€record,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€correctly€appliedÐ ` Ðenhancement€factor€(1)€to€the€sentences€for€all€of€the€offenses€but€erred€in€applying€enhancementÐ öF Ðfactors€(3),€(6),€and€(10).€€We€also€conclude€that€factor€(1)€is€not€entitled€to€great€weight€in€this€case.€Ð Ü, ÐFurthermore,€we€conclude€that€the€defendantððs€expression€of€remorse€did€not€constitute€a€mitigatingÐ Â Ðfactor€in€this€case.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€reduce€the€defendantððs€sentence€for€vehicular€homicide€to€ten€years,Ð tÄ Ðalthough€leaving€the€fine€at€$10,000,€and€reduce€the€sentence€for€reckless€aggravated€assault€to€threeÐ Zª Ðyears.€€We€do€not€disturb€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€for€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accident.€Ð @ ÐThese€sentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently,€as€ordered€by€the€trial€court.€€The€conviction€for€DUIÐ &v Ðis€reversed€and€the€charge€dismissed,€this€conviction€being€merged€into€that€for€vehicular€homicide.Ð  \ Ðà  àò òÌó óà0  à€€ÐØ((#(# ÐòòóóÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Š Ú Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE