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ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ  ÑòòÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€F1XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€€ÙßR€#$"A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRßÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌJULY€1996€SESSIONóóÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌÌJIMMY€WAYNE€WILSONà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9604„CC„00142Ìà àà àAppellantà àà àà à)Ìv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSullivan€CriminalÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEà àà àà à)à àHonorable€Arden€L.€HillÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àAppelleeà àà àà à)à àHabeas€CorpusÌÌÌÌÌÌÌFor€Appellant:à àà àà àà àà àFor€Appellee:ÌÌJimmy€Wayne€Wilson,€Pro€Seà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌP.€O.€Box€5000à àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌMountain€City,€TN€€37683à àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àElizabeth€T.€RyanÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àH.€Greeley€Wells,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€Eugene€PerrinÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€€37617„0526ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED_____________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌWILLIAM€M.€DENDER,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÓÓÓ  ÓOPINIONÑ€&ÑÇÓ  ÓÌà àThis€is€an€appeal€as€of€right€from€the€order€of€the€Sullivan€County€CriminalÏCourt,€dated€February€20,€1996,€dismissing€appellant's€petition€for€a€writ€of€habeasÏcorpus,€without€appointing€counsel€and€without€a€hearing.€€We€find€no€merit€in€any€ofÏthe€issues€raised€on€appeal,€and€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌà àThe€petition€for€habeas€corpus€alleged€that€appellant€is€being€"unlawfullyÏrestrained€of€his€liberty"€because€the€statute€under€which€he€was€sentenced€as€anÏhabitual€criminal€is€unconstitutional.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„20„112€is€the€statute€in€question.€€AÏcopy€of€the€petition€was€never€served€on€the€Tennessee€Attorney€General;€however,Ïthe€district€attorney€general€filed€a€response€to€the€petition€and€alleged€that€the€petitionÏshould€be€dismissed€because€(1)€it€was€not€filed€in€"the€Court€most€convenient€in€pointÏof€distance€to€the€petitioner€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€€ðð€29„21„105,€(2)€the€petitioner€has€notÏestablished€that€his€conviction€is€void,€and€(3)€the€issues€raised€in€the€petition€haveÏbeen€raised€and€decided€in€previous€petitions€for€post„conviction€relief.ÌÌòòÓ  ÓFACTSóóÌÓ  ÓÌà àA€jury€convicted€the€appellant€of€rape€in€the€Sullivan€County€Criminal€Court,Ïand€on€July€22,€1985,€judgment€was€entered€sentencing€appellant€to€life€imprisonmentÍas€an€habitual€criminal.€€At€the€time€appellant€was€convicted€of€rape,€he€had€severalÏprevious€convictions€which€included€perjury,€burglary€and€felonious€assault.€€HabitualÏcriminal€status€at€that€time€required€three€prior€felony€convictions,€of€which€two€were€toÏbe€from€a€designated€class.€€See€T.C.A.€ðð€39„1„801€(1982).€€Perjury€and€burglary€fellÏwithin€the€class.€€At€the€time€the€current€petition€for€habeas€corpus€was€filed,€appellantÏwas€incarcerated€in€the€Northeast€Correctional€Center€in€Mountain€City,€Carter€County,ÏTennessee.€€Appellant€does€not€allege€that€his€sentence€has€expired.€€He€alleges€his€Ìconviction€for€burglary€on€June€5,€1979€and€his€conviction€for€perjury€on€November€17,Ï1980€cannot€be€used€to€enhance€his€punishment,€as€an€habitual€criminal,€to€lifeÏimprisonment€on€his€conviction€for€rape€on€July€22,€1985.€€He€alleges€that€T.C.A.€ðð€40„20„112,€as€it€existed€prior€to€May€18,€1981€and€at€the€time€of€his€convictions€forÏburglary€and€perjury,€has€been€held€to€be€unconstitutional€in€òòGaskin€v.€Collinsóó,€661ÏS.W.2d€865;€and€that€by€reason€thereof€his€convictions€are€void.€€He€does€not€allege€"itÏappears€upon€the€face€of€the€judgment€or€the€record€of€the€proceedings€upon€whichÏthe€judgment€is€rendered"€that€the€convicting€court€in€either€the€burglary€case€or€theÏperjury€case€was€without€jurisdiction€or€authority€to€sentence€him.ÌÌÓ  ÓANALYSIS€AND€HOLDINGÌÓ  ÓÌà0 àÓÓHabeas€corpus€relief€is€available€in€Tennessee€only€when€"it€appears€upon€theÏface€of€the€judgment€or€the€record€of€the€proceedings€upon€which€the€judgmentÍis€rendered"€that€a€convicting€court€was€without€jurisdiction€or€authority€toÏsentence€a€defendant,€or€that€a€defendant's€sentence€of€imprisonment€or€otherÏrestraint€has€expired.€€òòArcher€v.€Stateóó,€851€S.W.2d€157,€164€(Tenn.€1993).ÌÌÓÓÌÓÓà0 àIt€is€a€well„established€principle€of€law€that€the€remedy€of€habeas€corpus€isÏlimited€in€scope€as€well€as€relief.€€In€criminal€cases,€the€remedy€is€limited€toÏcases€were€the€judgment€is€void€or€the€term€of€imprisonment€has€expired.ÌÌà0 àA€trial€court€is€not€required,€as€a€matter€of€law,€to€grant€the€writ€and€conduct€anÏinquiry€into€the€allegations€contained€in€the€petition.€€If€the€petition€fails€to€state€aÏcognizable€claim,€the€suit€may€be€summarily€dismissed€by€the€trial€court.€ÏòòPassarella€v.€Stateóó,€891€S.W.2d€619,€626€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).ÌÌÌÌà0 àA€judgment€of€a€court€of€general€jurisdiction€is€presumed€to€be€valid.€€ThisÏpresumption€is€said€to€be€conclusive€unless€the€judgment€is€impeached€by€theÏrecord.€€If€the€court€rendering€a€judgment€has€jurisdiction€of€the€person,€theÏsubject„matter,€and€has€the€authority€to€make€the€challenged€judgment,€theÏjudgment€is€voidable,€not€void;€and€the€judgment€may€not€be€collaterallyÏattacked€in€a€suit€for€habeas€corpus€relief.€òòId.óó,€at€627.€€€€€€Ì€€€ÌÌÑ€'ÑÇÓÓà àAppellant€appealed€his€conviction€for€rape€and€habitual€criminal€status,€and€thisÏCourt€affirmed€the€trial€court€on€November€14,€1986.€€Appellant€later€filed€a€petition€forÏpost„conviction€relief€concerning€the€1985€rape€conviction€resulting€in€a€life€sentenceÏas€an€habitual€criminal€and€the€1980€perjury€conviction;€and€this€Court€affirmed€theÏtrial€court,€except€as€it€related€to€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel€on€appeal,€and€theÏcase€was€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€an€appropriate€evidentiary€hearing€on€thatÏissue.ÌÌà àIt€is€clear€that€the€trial€court€had€jurisdiction€of€the€person€and€the€subject€matter;Ïand€that€it€had€the€authority€to€make€the€challenged€judgment€in€each€of€the€burglary,Ïperjury,€felonious€assault€and€rape€cases.€€The€judgments€against€appellant€areÏclearly€voidable,€not€void.ÌÌà àAppellant€insists€that€his€petition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus€should€not€be€treatedÏas€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief;€however,€he€relies€upon€the€post„convictionÏrelief€statutes€to€claim€that€he€is€entitled€to€appointed€counsel.€€There€is€no€indicationÏthat€the€trial€court€treated€the€petition€as€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief;€and€if€it€hadÏdone€so,€the€petition€would€properly€have€been€immediately€dismissed€because€theÏpetition€was€not€filed€within€three€years€after€May€11,€1987,€the€date€the€TennesseeÏSupreme€Court€denied€his€application€for€permission€to€appeal€in€the€rape€case.€€TheÍtrial€judge€has€discretion€under€T.C.A.€ðð€40„14„204€to€appoint€counsel,€if€necessary,€inÏhabeas€corpus€proceedings;€but€there€is€no€statutory€or€constitutional€right€toÏassistance€of€counsel€in€habeas€corpus€proceedings,€or€on€appeal€from€the€denial€ofÏthe€writ€of€habeas€corpus.€€òòSeeóó€òòHouse€v.€Stateóó,€911€S.W.2d€705€(Tenn.€1995).€€TheÏpetition€in€this€case€adequately€set€forth€the€various€grounds€claimed€for€the€writ€ofÏhabeas€corpus,€and€under€the€facts€of€this€case,€there€was€no€reason€to€appointÏcounsel.€€This€issue€has€no€merit.€€ÌÌà àIt€is€not€necessary€for€the€purposes€of€this€decision€to€consider€the€statute€Ïappellant€says€has€been€held€to€be€unconstitutional;€however,€in€order€to€clarify€theÏmisunderstanding€we€will€address€this€issue.€€A€careful€reading€of€òòGaskin€v.€Collinsóó,Ïòòsupraóó,€clearly€shows€that€the€only€part€of€the€statute€declared€unconstitutional€was€theÏpart€which€retroactively€disenfranchised€convicted€felons€who€had€never€beenÏadjudged€infamous.€€This€part€of€the€statute€was€codified€in€T.C.A.€ðð€2„2„139(d)€and€ððÏ2„19„143(4),€and€it€was€not€codified€as€T.C.A.€ðð€40„20„112.ÌÓÓà0 àÌÌÓÓà àIn€òòGaskin€v.€Collinsóó,€òòsupraóó,€at€866,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€affirmed€theÏtrial€court€and€said:à0 àÌÓÓà0 àBy€judgment€entered€March€16,€1983,€the€Chancellor€held€that€"Section€8€ofÏChapter€345€of€the€Tennessee€Public€Acts€of€1981,€as€codified€at€T.C.A.€ðð€2„2„139(d)€and€ðð€2„19„143(4),€is€declared€to€be€unconstitutional€in€that€it€violatesÏArticle€I,€ðð€5€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution."€€The€Chancellor€found€that€theÍremaining€sections€of€Chapter€345€were€not€affected€because€of€the€severabilityÏclause€found€in€Section€9€of€the€Act.ÌÌÌÌÓ  Óà àÓ  ÓÓÓà àAppellant€claims€that€T.C.A.€ðð€40„2„112,€as€it€existed€prior€to€May€18,Ï1981,€was€declared€unconstitutional,€but€that€simply€is€not€correct.ÌÌà àPrior€to€1972,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„2712€included€the€words€"it€shall€be€part€of€theÏjudgment€of€the€court€that€the€defendant€be€infamous,€and€be€disqualified€to€exerciseÏthe€elective€franchise."€€By€Chapter€740,€ðð€4,€Acts€of€Adjourned€Session€1972,€T.C.A.€ððÏ40„2712€was€amended,€and€the€above€quoted€words€then€read€"it€shall€be€part€of€theÏjudgment€of€the€court€that€the€defendant€be€infamous."€€Notice€that€the€words€"and€beÏdisqualified€to€exercise€the€elective€franchise"€are€left€out€of€the€act€as€amended€inÏ1972.€€This€change€does€not€change€the€crimes€listed€in€any€way.€€It€simply€does€notÏrequire€that€persons€convicted€of€the€listed€crimes€lose€the€right€to€exercise€the€electiveÏfranchise.€€In€1981€the€legislature€again€amended€this€code€section€and€included€theÏwords€"and€be€immediately€disqualified€from€exercising€the€right€of€suffrage."ÌÓÓÓÓà àAt€the€time€appellant€was€convicted€of€rape€and€his€punishment€enhancedÏunder€T.C.A.€ðð€30„1„801,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„20„112€clearly€limited€the€previous€crimes€to€beÏconsidered€in€determining€habitual€criminal€status€to€those€listed€prior€to€May€18,Ï1981;€and€burglary€and€perjury€were€among€those€listed€crimes.€€òòGaskin€v.€Collinsóó,Ïòòsupraóó,€has€no€bearing,€one€way€or€the€other,€on€the€habitual€criminal€status€of€theÍpetitioner.ÌÌà àAppellant€also€filed€a€Motion€For€Recusal,€claiming€"that€sullivan€county€districtÏattorney€office€and€criminal€court€of€sullivan€county€went€outside€of€it€jurisdiction€orÏauthority€and€hand€pick€a€bias€and€prejudice€judge€Arden€L.€Hill,€from€Carter€CountyÏCriminal€Court,€At€Elizabethton,€Tennessee€to€come€into€sullivan€county€criminal€courtÏto€hear€petitioner€writ€of€habeas€corpus€in€violation€of€the€united€states€constitutionÏunder€the€14th€Amendment€to€due€process€clause."€€He€also€alleged€"it€is€mandatoryÏdisqualification€or€recusal€when€a€party€has€filed€a€timely€and€sufficient€motion,€theÏjudge€accused€of€bias€and€prejudice€òòshall€proceed€no€furtheróó,€..."€€The€last€quotation€is€Ïsimply€is€not€the€law;€and€such€statement€requires€no€further€comment.ÌÌà àThe€order€of€the€trial€court€dismissing€the€habeas€corpus€petition€was€signed€byÏJudge€Hill€on€February€12,€1996,€and€filed€by€the€clerk€on€February€20,€1996.€€The€ÏMotion€For€Recusal€was€filed€on€February€21,€1996.€€Notice€of€appeal€was€filed€onÏFebruary€26,€1996.€€ÌÌà àThe€motion€was€filed€too€late.€€The€court€had€already€ruled,€and€under€the€factsÏof€this€case€the€ruling€would€have€been€the€same€regardless€of€which€judgeÏconsidered€the€petition,€or€if€a€hearing€had€been€allowed,€any€evidence€that€couldÍhave€been€presented€under€the€petition.€€There€is€nothing€in€the€record€to€indicate€thatÏJudge€Hill€did€anything€wrong€in€this€case,€or€that€there€was€any€reason€for€him€toÏrecuse€himself.€€We€find€the€issue€concerning€the€Motion€For€Recusal€to€be€totallyÏwithout€merit.€€à àWe€further€note€that€the€same€baseless€complaint€has€been€filedÏby€appellant€against€other€judges.€€Also,€intentionally€or€not,€appellant€states€in€hisÏbrief€a€wrong€date€for€the€date€his€Motion€for€Recusal€was€filed,€and€he€misquotes€theÏtrial€court's€order.€€If€appellant€were€a€lawyer,€sanctions€against€him€would€beÏconsidered.ÌÌà àAppellant€also€alleged€that€Judge€Hill€did€not€have€jurisdiction€to€hear€hisÏpetition.€€Appellant€does€not€allege€that€Judge€Hill€is€not€a€duly€elected€judge€of€the€1stÏJudicial€District€of€the€State€of€Tennessee,€and€in€fact€appellant€states€that€Judge€Hill€isÏfrom€the€Carter€County€Criminal€Court,€which€is€part€of€that€judicial€district.ÌÌÓÓà0 àCriminal€judges€may€have€the€right€to€interchange€with€each€other€and€withÏjudges€of€all€other€courts€of€record€in€the€state€when€causes€exist€making€anÏinterchange€necessary€or€desirable,€or€mutually€convenient€by€agreement.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€17„2„205.ÌÌÓÓÓÓÌÌà0 àIn€all€cases,€the€judge€or€chancellor€holding€court€in€the€circuit€or€division€ofÏanother,€shall€have€the€same€power€and€jurisdiction€as€the€judge€or€chancellorÏin€whose€place€the€judge€or€chancellor€is€acting.€€T.C.A.€ðð€17„2„205.Ì€ÌÓÓÌà àClearly€the€issue€concerning€the€jurisdiction€of€Judge€Hill€to€hear€the€case€hasÏno€merit.Ì€Ìà àSince€the€judgments€against€the€appellant€clearly€are€not€void,€it€is€notÏnecessary€to€consider€other€reasons€why€the€petition€cannot€succeed.ÌÌà àWe€find€no€merit€in€any€of€the€issues€raised€by€the€appellant,€and€the€trial€courtÏis€affirmed.€€The€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€all€necessary€proceedings€notÏinconsistent€with€this€opinion.ÌÌÓÓà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€M.€Dender,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌJoseph€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€Judge