ÿWPCP úu±aºâÄ ýÑõî ÔÅ ðÞŽ”zŠV±]‘k¬m|´~³p¦ªŽðÞ[ò…„0¦¤Xä4Ÿ Zù£ Q÷d [ݘf7™à}±9«Mó€¥Í¿ú2)~Å©õÄ—þka÷ëh3ò¦ŒDè\ñ™4Þ$­ÕBº¨Jô{àù°Kƒ'ÒŠ&‚Ùz0›ÎkÚfÒÔÊÐ’âç_m€}X8 ŸÑãº[²nݳ}wøvQ­kWÛÎaB‘ó=ss›tÄ,(?òuÇ1…3iò×Þ‹k3OÙͪ!Õ ‘j ØIê¸Û» \;Ù³ú†DÑq ïÖ®Bûë E˜— ‹)ÈÒa>—VâÃ$†‘â°&üæä2—PÕbÅëQVýè6+¯|VŠîµÍ$j¯à÷è°•LHïwþv¸7åV¢”ekÿ«Kîê’$@¿òÖo;Wh÷EÂÞ,­í©¼Ãè>Ô‰Âê÷®r30ë@J‡’>KZ‡¨™ %× 0Ýw@\ 4œ ° ¿ U:Ç N ^   m ( w0 U:§ -á w U:… U:¿ U:ù U:33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 0›m D5 B==== AQZÆ« 0›q 0D ˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(W`$¡¡Ô€ XÜ‚XXXÔѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°Ò DDDD £ D D D EtpO'np,,d,3|x,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular&wS'L ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ  mÝ ƒbÔ²"ÝÔ€X¬­XXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€X¬­XXX¬­ÔÔ Ad ÔÓ  ÓÔ€LÖêMXX¬­ÔFILEDÔ€X¬­XMLÖêÔÐ  ÐÌò òÔ€åüXX¬­ÔOctober€19,€1999Ð ŒŒ ÐÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó¾"Arial Regular #Ñ#€iXÿÿd#Ñ mÝ ƒbÔ²"ÝÔ€X¬­XXXÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€X¬­XXX¬­ÔÔ Ad ÔÓ  ÓÔ€LÖêMXX¬­ÔFILEDÔ€X¬­XMLÖêÔÐ  ÐÌò òÔ€åüXX¬­ÔOctober€19,€1999Ð ŒŒ ÐÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular(s3Ô²$££Ý ƒ`!ÝÔ€ X¬­XXXÔѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ý\\\\)ÿÿ!dxdx dabZc[Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(s3Ô²$¢¢Ý ƒ`!ÝÔ€ X¬­XXXÔѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óÝ ƒ`!ÝÔ€ X¬­XXXÔѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€üñÑÑ8€8mXXdêdÈ8Ñññà8 ` àà@Ñ Ñ D` (#` (#àñññ ñÓ  Óñ ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ  Ðññßo€`[9)%h<` `€€Exï`tt  °î˜)oßññññÔ_Ôßx€`[B2.j>` `€€@ÿExï`tt  °î˜)xßÔ_Ôñññ ñà @` àà @¸ àñ ññ ñà @ àà @h àñ ññ ñà @À àà @ àñ ññ ñà @p àñ ññ ñà @È àà @  àÌñ ñññà0 ` àà ¸ àà  àññññ€€ññññ€ññññ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ññAT€€KNOXVILLEà@@``#\à€€€€€€€€€Ð îæ Ðñ ñÓTÓñ ñÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à ¸ àà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€AUGUST€1999€SESSIONÐ º ² ÐÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)à  àÐ l d Ѐà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð R J Ðà ` àAppellee,€à  àà h àà À à)à  àNo.€03C01„9808„CR„00314Ð 80 Ðà ` à€€€€€à ¸ àà  à€€à h àà À à)Ð   Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÔ_ÔMcMinnÔ_Ô€CountyÐ ü  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€€Ð êâ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHonorable€Carroll€L.€Ross,€Judge€€€€€€Ð ÐÈ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌJOHN€WILCOX,à  àà h àà À à)à  à(Second€degree€murder)Ð œ”  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€Ìà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À à)Ð h` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð  ÐÌWilliam€J.€Brownà  àà h àà À àà  àPaul€G.€SummersÐ æÞ Ð23€N.€Ô_ÔOcoeeÔ_Ô€Streetà  àà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÐ ÌÄ ÐPost€Office€Box€1001à h àà À àà  àà p àandÐ ²ª ÐCleveland,€TN€37364„1001à À àà  àErik€W.€Ô_ÔDaabÔ_ÔÐ ˜ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee¼à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJerry€N.€Ô_ÔEstesÔ_ÔÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à130€Washington€Avenue,€NEÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àPost€Office€Box€647Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAthens,€TN€37371ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_ÔÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÔ_ÔÐ >:639 ÐÑüñÑâ âÑ8€¬­XXdæXXdê8Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_ÔÑüñÑâ âÑ8€¬­XXdæXXdê8Ñâ âÑ  ÑÌÓ  ÓòòOPINIONÐ ÔÌ ÐóóÓ  ÓÓÓÌà ` àThe€defendant,€John€Wilcox,€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€conviction€by€a€jury€inÏthe€McMinn€County€Criminal€Court€for€second€degree€murder,€a€Class€A€felony.€€TheÏdefendant€was€sentenced€to€fifteen€years€confinement€in€the€custody€of€the€DepartmentÏof€Correction.€€On€appeal,€he€raises€the€following€issues:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(1)€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€€to€support€the€conviction;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€the€defendant€theÏopportunity€to€cross„examine€the€pathologist€regarding€theÏidentity€of€the€body;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(3)€whether€the€district€attorney€committed€prosecutorialÏmisconduct€by€repeatedly€referring€to€the€defendantððs€exerciseÏof€his€constitutional€rights;€andÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(4)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€district€attorneyÏto€argue€facts€that€had€not€been€introduced€into€evidenceÏregarding€the€countyððs€shoestring€budget.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓGÓÌÓÓWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€conviction.ÌÌà ` àAt€trial,€Chad€Smith,€a€patrol€officer€with€the€McMinn€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment,€testified€that€on€August€10,€1997,€he€was€dispatched€to€the€defendantððsÏhouse€at€around€7:30€or€8:00€p.m.€on€the€report€of€a€burglary.€€Officer€Smith€testifiedÏthat€the€defendant€told€him€that€someone€had€broken€into€his€home€but€that€he€did€notÏknow€who€it€could€have€been.€€Officer€Smith€said€the€defendant€told€him€that€he€wasÏmissing€an€answering€machine,€a€telephone€and€jewelry.€€He€said€the€defendantÏshowed€him€horse€hoof€prints€and€boot€prints.€€He€said€the€defendant€stated€that€oneÏboot€print€looked€like€a€manððs,€and€the€other€looked€like€a€womanððs.ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Smith€testified€that€he€wrote€a€report€and€told€the€defendant€that€aÏdetective€would€contact€him€the€next€day.€€He€said€he€also€told€the€defendant€to€call€theÏsheriffððs€department€to€report€the€value€of€the€jewelry€and€to€notify€them€if€he€had€anyÏleads.€€Officer€Smith€said€he€did€not€take€fingerprints€because€he€is€not€certified.€€HeÐ r8j17 Ðsaid€he€notified€Detective€Jerry€Wilson€of€the€burglary€that€night.€€He€testified€thatÏaround€midnight,€he€received€a€dispatch€regarding€a€gunshot€victim.ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Smith€testified€that€when€he€arrived€at€County€Road€110,€the€scene€of€theÏshooting,€he€saw€the€victim,€Terry€Bohannon,€lying€on€the€road€and€struggling€toÏbreathe.€€He€said€the€victim€had€several€gunshot€wounds€and€cuts.€€He€said€that€afterÏemergency€services€arrived,€he€examined€the€scene€and€noticed€a€bloody€horse€thatÏappeared€to€be€dead.€€He€said€he€also€noticed€a€saddlebag€containing€a€telephone€andÏan€answering€machine.€€He€said€he€did€not€find€any€knives€or€guns€in€the€victimððsÏvicinity.€€He€said€he€found€shell€casings€and€a€long€black€sword€sleeve€in€the€middle€ofÏthe€road,€about€ten€to€twenty€feet€from€the€victim.ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Smith€testified€that€he€did€not€speak€with€the€defendantððs€neighbors€aboutÏthe€burglary€because€he€received€another€dispatch€and€did€not€have€time.€€He€said€thatÏat€the€preliminary€hearing,€he€testified€that€he€called€Detective€Wilson€around€10:00Ïp.m.€to€notify€him€of€the€hoof€and€boot€prints.€ÌÌà ` àMichael€Guffey€testified€that€the€incident€occurred€about€one€and€one„half€milesÏfrom€his€house.€€He€said€he€was€friends€with€both€the€victim€and€the€defendant.€€HeÏsaid€that€on€August€10,€the€victim€came€by€his€house€on€horseback€with€Melissa€LinderÏaround€11:00€p.m.€€He€said€the€victim€stayed€about€five€minutes€then€left.€€He€said€theÏvictim€returned€around€midnight€and€said€his€horses€had€gotten€loose€and€he€neededÏhelp€catching€them.€€Mr.€Guffey€said€he€got€his€fourteen„year„old€son€David€out€of€bed,Ïand€they€found€the€horses€in€a€neighborððs€field.€€He€said€that€David€and€the€victimÏcaught€the€horses€while€he€took€Ms.€Linder€home€in€his€van.€€He€said€that€when€he€gotÏback€to€the€neighborððs€field,€he€told€the€victim€to€take€the€horses€home.€€He€said€he€didÏnot€recall€seeing€the€victim€armed.€€ÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ` àMr.€Guffey€said€the€defendant€then€stopped€behind€him.€€He€said€the€victim€andÏDavid€were€behind€his€van,€but€he€could€see€them€through€the€mirrors.€€He€said€DavidÏcame€to€the€window€of€the€van,€and€then€he€heard€three€gunshots.€€He€said€DavidÏcrawled€into€the€van€and€said,€ð ðTheyððre€shooting.ðð€€He€said€he€pulled€out,€drove€to€a€forkÏin€the€road,€turned€around,€and€headed€back€in€the€direction€of€the€shooting.€€Mr.ÏGuffey€said€the€defendant€also€turned€around€in€his€van€and€pulled€up€beside€him.€€HeÏsaid€the€defendant€stated€that€the€victim€had€broken€into€his€house€and€stolen€his€deadÏmotherððs€jewelry.€€He€said€the€defendant€stated€that€he€had€left€the€victim€lying€in€theÏroad€and€that€he€hoped€the€ð ðson„of„a„bitchðð€was€dead.€€Mr.€Guffey€said€the€defendantÏthen€stated,€ð ðIððm€going€after€her.ðð€€Mr.€Guffey€said€he€pulled€out€and€saw€the€victim€lyingÏin€the€road.€€He€said€he€drove€to€his€motherððs€house€to€call€9„1„1,€then€he€went€back€toÏthe€scene.€€He€said€the€defendant€acted€angry€but€not€crazy.€€He€said€the€defendant€didÏnot€mention€anything€about€the€victim€attacking€him.€€He€said€the€victim€was€calm€thatÏnight€and€seemed€as€if€he€had€been€drinking€but€was€not€drunk.ÌÌà ` àMr.€Guffey€testified€that€when€he€was€interviewed€by€the€police€on€August€12,€heÏdid€not€tell€them€that€the€victim€had€stopped€by€his€house€earlier€in€the€evening€on€theÏnight€of€the€incident.€€He€said€he€did€not€remember€the€defendant€driving€behind€himÏand€asking€him€to€stop€as€he€was€driving€back€toward€the€victim€after€dropping€off€Ms.ÏLinder.€€He€said€he€told€an€investigator€that€he€could€not€see€the€altercation€betweenÏthe€defendant€and€the€victim,€but€he€could€tell€that€a€fight€was€occurring.€€He€testifiedÏthat€he€heard€three€shots€fired.€€He€said€the€defendant€never€accused€him€of€beingÏinvolved€in€the€burglary.€€Mr.€Guffey€testified€that€when€he€drove€by€the€victimððs€bodyÏafter€the€shooting,€the€victim€was€not€breathing€or€moving,€and€he€thought€the€victimÏmight€be€dead.ÌÌà ` àDavid€Guffey,€the€fourteen„year„old€son€of€Michael€Guffey,€testified€that€onÏAugust€11,€his€father€awoke€him€to€help€the€victim€find€his€horses€because€the€victimÐ Œ7„06 Ðand€Ms.€Linder€had€fallen€off€the€horses,€and€the€horses€had€gotten€loose.€€David€saidÏhe€was€friends€with€both€the€defendant€and€the€victim.€€He€said€he€and€the€victimÏcaught€the€horses€while€his€dad€drove€down€the€road€to€look€for€Ms.€Linder.€€He€said€heÏand€the€victim€caught€up€with€his€father,€who€told€the€victim€to€take€the€horses€home.€ÏHe€said€the€defendant€then€arrived.€€David€said€that€he€was€on€a€horse€at€the€back€rightÏside€of€his€fatherððs€van,€and€the€defendant€said,€ð ðGet€off€your€horse;€you€donððt€need€toÏsee€this.ðð€€David€said€he€got€off€the€horse,€and€the€victim€remained€on€his€horse.€€HeÏsaid€the€defendant€then€stated€that€some€things€were€missing€from€his€house€and€thatÏsome€neighbors€had€seen€the€victim€around€the€area.€€He€said€the€defendant€and€victimÏbegan€to€argue,€and€the€defendant€began€to€hit€the€victim€with€what€appeared€to€be€aÏthree„foot€long€black€stick.€€He€said€the€victim€asked,€ð ðWhatððs€going€on?ððÌÌà ` àDavid€Guffey€said€that€he€did€not€see€the€victim€pull€out€any€weapon.€€He€said€heÏlost€sight€of€the€two€for€a€moment,€then€he€saw€the€defendant€walk€toward€his€van€andÏreach€inside€the€van.€€David€said€his€horse€then€stepped€on€his€foot,€and€he€turned€hisÏhead€away.€€He€said€he€then€heard€gunshots.€€He€said€he€did€not€know€how€manyÏgunshots€he€heard.€€He€said€he€jumped€into€his€fatherððs€van€and€told€him€to€leave.€€HeÏsaid€his€father€drove€down€the€road€and€turned€around.€€He€said€that€when€they€droveÏtoward€the€scene,€the€defendant€pulled€beside€them.€€He€testified€that€the€defendantÏsaid€his€dead€motherððs€jewelry€was€stolen€and€that€he€hoped€ð ðthe€s.o.b.€was€dead.ðð€ÏDavid€Guffey€said€his€father€pulled€away€and€turned€around.€€He€said€they€drove€pastÏthe€victim,€who€was€lying€on€the€road€and€appeared€to€be€breathing.€€He€said€they€wentÏto€his€grandmotherððs€house€and€called€9„1„1.€€David€testified€that€he€had€previouslyÏworked€for€the€defendant€at€the€defendantððs€house.€€He€said€he€had€heard€theÏdefendant€say€that€he€would€kill€anybody€who€stole€from€him.ÌÌà ` àDavid€Guffey€admitted€that€he€did€not€tell€the€police€about€the€defendantððs€threatÏto€kill€anyone€who€stole€from€him€until€the€Friday€before€trial.€€He€said€that€the€victimÐ Œ7„06 Ðappeared€intoxicated€and€was€staggering.€€He€said€he€never€saw€Ms.€Linder€that€night.€ÏHe€said€he€did€not€see€a€duffel€bag,€chainsaw,€sword€or€jewelry.€€He€said€he€did€notÏunderstand€what€the€defendant€and€victim€were€saying€to€each€other€during€theÏaltercation.€€He€said€he€did€not€remember€whether€the€defendant€accused€his€father€ofÏstealing.ÌÌà ` àDetective€Jerry€Wilson€of€the€McMinn€County€Sheriffððs€Department€testified€thatÏhe€received€a€call€from€Officer€Chad€Smith€reporting€a€break„in€at€the€defendantððsÏhouse.€€He€said€he€told€Officer€Smith€to€continue€to€take€the€report€and€to€call€him€if€heÏreceived€any€other€pertinent€information.€€He€said€he€told€Officer€Smith€that€he€wouldÏcontact€the€defendant€the€next€day.€€He€testified€that€only€two€detectives€were€on€dutyÏthat€week.€€ÌÌà ` àDetective€Wilson€testified€that€between€12:00€and€1:00€a.m.,€he€received€a€pageÏregarding€a€possible€shooting€victim.€€He€said€he€found€three€spent€shells,€a€watch€faceÏand€a€scabbard€in€the€road€at€the€scene.€€He€said€he€found€a€dead€horse€lying€on€theÏside€of€the€road€with€a€saddle,€saddlebags,€and€a€black€bag€hanging€on€it.€€He€said€aÏone„hundred„ten„foot€blood€trail€linked€the€scabbard€to€the€horse.€€Detective€WilsonÏsaid€that€he€spoke€with€the€defendant€in€jail,€and€the€defendant€said€that€ð ðthe€son„of„a„¼bitch€had€on€my€faggot€bag.ððÌÌà ` àDetective€Wilson€said€that€if€he€had€seen€the€victim€riding€around€town€with€theÏdefendantððs€belongings,€he€would€have€stopped€the€victim€and€investigated.€€He€saidÏthat€if€the€victim€had€used€force,€he€would€have€used€equal€force.€€He€admitted€that€heÏdid€not€send€the€saddlebag€to€the€crime€laboratory€for€analysis.€€He€said€that€a€searchÏof€the€area€revealed€only€three€spent€shells.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€know€until€the€dayÏbefore€his€testimony€that€the€victimððs€body€had€four€bullet€holes.€€He€said€that€he€did€notÏsend€the€rifle€or€the€four€unspent€shells€that€were€recovered€from€the€defendantððs€rifle€toÐ Œ7„06 Ðthe€crime€laboratory.€€He€said€that€one€of€Mr.€Guffeyððs€children€found€the€defendantððsÏmissing€items€in€a€field.€€He€said€he€turned€over€the€evidence€to€Detective€Miller,€whoÏwas€handling€the€burglary€investigation.€€He€admitted€that€he€did€not€dust€the€items€forÏfingerprints,€nor€did€he€perform€a€serology€test€on€any€sword.€€He€said€he€did€not€testÏfor€blood€on€the€defendantððs€clothing€because€the€defendant€had€changed€clothes€byÏthe€time€he€was€arrested.€€He€said€that€he€obtained€clothes€from€the€defendantððs€homeÏthat€matched€what€the€defendant€was€purportedly€wearing€and€that€he€sent€them€to€theÏcrime€laboratory€along€with€the€spent€shells.ÌÌà ` àDetective€Wilson€admitted€that€at€the€preliminary€hearing,€he€testified€that€he€didÏnot€take€the€defendantððs€clothing€out€of€the€bag€because€the€clothes€were€wet€andÏbloody.€€He€admitted€at€trial€that€he€could€not€see€any€blood€on€the€clothes.€€He€saidÏthat€in€one€of€the€bags€on€the€dead€horse,€he€found€a€flashlight,€a€telephone€and€a€tapeÏrecorder€belonging€to€the€defendant.€€He€said€these€items€were€not€clearly€visibleÏbecause€they€were€in€the€bottom€of€the€bag.ÌÌà ` àDr.€Ronald€Toolsey,€the€Bradley€County€Medical€Examiner,€testified€that€heÏperformed€the€autopsy€of€the€victim€on€August€11.€€He€said€that€Dr.€William€Foree,€theÏMcMinn€County€Medical€Examiner,€referred€the€case€to€him€because€Dr.€Foree€is€not€aÏpathologist€and€does€not€conduct€post„mortem€examinations.€€He€said€that€he€spokeÏwith€Dr.€Foree€before€he€conducted€his€examination€and€that€Dr.€Foree€told€him€that€theÏvictim€had€multiple€gunshot€wounds.€€He€said€Dr.€Foree€did€not€mention€chop€wounds.ÌÌà ` àDr.€Toolsey€testified€that€he€discovered€six€bullet€wounds€incurred€from€a€total€ofÏfour€shots,€as€well€as€two€chop€wounds.€€He€testified€that€four€of€the€bullet€wounds€wereÏentrance€wounds€to€the€right€side€of€the€body,€and€two€of€the€wounds€were€exit€wounds.€ÏHe€said€that€two€projectiles€remained€in€the€body,€and€only€one€was€retrievable.ÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ` àDr.€Toolsey€testified€that€the€recovered€bullet€had€entered€the€right€side€of€theÏchest,€passed€through€the€liver,€and€stopped€in€the€lung.€€He€said€the€second€bulletÏentered€at€the€back€of€the€buttock,€hit€the€hip€bone€and€shattered.€€Dr.€Toolsey€testifiedÏthat€the€other€wounds€were€to€the€right€lower€extremity.€€He€said€that€one€bullet€exitedÏthrough€the€thigh,€and€the€other€exited€through€the€upper€right€calf.ÌÌà ` àDr.€Toolsey€testified€that€he€found€two€major€chop€wounds.€€He€said€the€woundÏto€the€back€of€the€upper€left€leg€was€very€deep€and€had€gone€through€the€muscles€andÏouter€bone,€causing€near€amputation.€€He€said€the€second€wound€was€to€the€back€ofÏthe€right€wrist€and€went€completely€through€both€bones€such€that€the€hand€wasÏconnected€to€the€arm€by€only€a€few€tendons.€€He€said€the€wounds€would€haveÏcompletely€incapacitated€the€victimððs€right€hand€and€left€leg,€and€the€victim€would€haveÏbeen€unable€to€stand.ÌÌà ` àDr.€Toolsey€testified€that€the€victim€died€from€blood€loss€due€to€the€multipleÏgunshot€and€chop€wounds.€€He€testified€that€every€wound€was€fatal€except€the€bulletÏwound€to€the€right€leg,€the€other€wounds€being€fatal€because€they€would€have€causedÏthe€victim€to€bleed€to€death.€€He€said€the€gunshot€wound€to€the€right€buttock€could€haveÏbeen€fatal€because€the€bullet€tore€through€the€intestines,€causing€feces€to€leak€into€theÏabdominal€cavity.€€He€said€death€would€have€taken€days€from€this€injury,€and€the€victimÏcould€possibly€have€survived€with€proper€medical€care.€€Dr.€Toolsey€said€he€did€notÏexpect€to€discover€chop€wounds,€and€it€is€sometimes€difficult€to€distinguish€chopÏwounds€from€gunshot€wounds.€€He€said€it€would€be€difficult€to€ascertain€that€the€victimÏhad€chop€wounds€by€just€looking€at€the€wounds.€€He€said€he€did€not€determine€that€theÏvictim€had€chop€wounds€until€he€pulled€the€edges€of€the€wounds€together.€ÌÌà ` àDr.€Toolsey€testified€that€the€bullet€trajectories€were€backwards€and€upwards.€ÏHe€said€that€if€the€victim€were€on€a€horse€when€the€bullet€wounds€were€inflicted,€theÐ Œ7„06 Ðshots€would€have€been€fired€from€the€right€going€upward€by€someone€on€the€ground.€ÏHe€said€that€the€chop€wound€to€the€left€leg€was€inflicted€from€behind€the€victim€to€theÏleft.€€Dr.€Toolsey€testified€that€the€victimððs€blood€alcohol€content€was€.10€and€that€theÏvictim€tested€positive€for€Valium.ÌÌà ` àDr.€Toolsey€testified€that€he€did€not€take€photographs€of€the€autopsy.€€He€statedÏthat€Dr.€Foreeððs€report€identified€the€chop€wounds€as€gunshot€wounds.€€Dr.€ToolseyÏiterated€that€it€is€difficult€to€determine€the€type€of€inflicting€instrument€until€one€physicallyÏpulls€the€tissue€together,€which€is€typically€not€done€until€the€post„mortem€examination.€ÏHe€testified€that€if€the€victimððs€injuries€were€sustained€within€ten€minutes€of€each€other,Ïdeath€would€have€occurred€within€ten€minutes,€if€not€sooner.€€He€said€that€theÏcombination€of€alcohol€and€Valium€can€cause€a€slower€thought€process€and€impairedÏjudgment.€€He€testified€that€the€gunshot€wounds€were€not€aligned€with€the€victim€turningÏaround€to€ride€away,€although€the€wounds€would€be€consistent€with€the€victim€ridingÏaway€from€an€attacker€if€the€victim€were€turned€around€looking€at€the€attacker.€ÌÌà ` àDanny€Blevins€testified€that€the€victim€worked€for€him€as€a€carpenter€in€the€lateÏ1980's€and€that€they€had€been€friends€since€then.€€Mr.€Blevins€said€that€he€had€askedÏthe€victim€to€tame€his€horse,€No„Bo,€for€riding€and€that€the€victim€was€on€No„Bo€whenÏhe€was€killed.€€Mr.€Blevins€said€he€had€never€known€the€victim€to€be€violent,€although€heÏsaid€the€victim€drank€too€much€and€took€drugs.€€He€said€that€at€one€point,€the€victimÏwas€addicted€to€cocaine.€€He€said€he€knew€the€victim€had€been€in€jail€for€assaulting€theÏvictimððs€former€mother„in„law.€€Mr.€Blevins€testified€that€although€the€victim€had€accessÏto€his€house€and€buildings,€he€never€noticed€anything€missing.€€He€testified€that€theÏvictim€was€right„handed.ÌÌà ` àMr.€Blevins€testified€that€he€knew€the€victim€had€been€charged€with€horse€theftÏbut€that€the€victim€told€him€he€was€innocent.€€He€said€he€did€not€know€that€the€victimÐ Œ7„06 Ðhad€been€convicted.€€Mr.€Blevins€said€that€for€the€two€months€preceding€the€victimððsÏdeath,€the€victim€performed€carpentry€work€for€a€man€in€Cleveland.€€He€said€he€did€notÏknow€the€victim€had€Valium€in€his€system€at€the€time€of€the€incident.€€He€admittedÏposting€bond€for€Ms.€Linder.ÌÌà ` àDetective€Gary€Miller€of€the€McMinn€County€Sheriffððs€Department€testified€that€heÏarrested€the€defendant€about€one€and€one„half€hours€after€the€incident.€€He€said€theÏdefendant€was€calm€and€cooperative.€€He€said€that€when€he€asked€the€defendant€whyÏhe€shot€the€victim,€the€defendant€replied,€ð ðWhy€did€they€break€into€my€house?ðð€€He€saidÏthe€defendant€then€stated,€ð ðI€donððt€care€if€they€give€me€the€electric€chair.ðð€€DetectiveÏMiller€said€the€defendant€did€not€appear€angry.€€He€testified€that€he€recovered€an€SKSÏrifle€and€ammunition€from€the€defendantððs€house.€€He€said€that€when€he€asked€theÏdefendant€what€items€were€taken€in€the€burglary,€the€defendant€responded€that€hisÏð ðfaggot€bagðð€was€taken.€€Detective€Miller€said€that€the€defendant€then€stated€that€he€didÏnot€want€to€talk€anymore.ÌÌà ` àDetective€Miller€testified€that€he€spent€three€hours€at€the€scene€of€the€altercation,Ïbut€no€one€reported€that€the€victim€had€chop€wounds,€only€gunshot€wounds.€€DetectiveÏMiller€said€that€he€did€not€find€any€blood€in€the€defendantððs€van.€€He€said€that€at€the€timeÏof€arrest,€the€defendant€was€wearing€jeans€and€a€t„shirt.€€He€said€that€at€the€victimððsÏhome,€he€saw€a€handle€protruding€from€beneath€a€blanket€on€a€bed.€€He€said€he€did€notÏuncover€it€and€did€not€obtain€a€search€warrant€to€look€for€a€sword.€€He€stated€that€heÏnever€located€a€sword€that€fit€the€scabbard€found€at€the€scene.€€He€testified€that€he€wasÏprimarily€involved€in€the€burglary€investigation,€not€the€homicide€investigation.ÌÌà ` àDetective€Jerry€Wilson€was€recalled.€€He€admitted€that€he€testified€earlier€that€heÏinspected€the€horse€at€the€scene€and€saw€a€bullet€hole€through€the€saddle.€€He€said€ÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðthat€after€examining€the€saddle€during€his€testimony,€he€could€see€that€the€saddle€hadÏno€bullet€hole.€€He€testified€that€the€saddle€was€bloody€when€he€first€examined€it.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€had€previously€worked€with€the€victim€at€aÏconstruction€site.€He€said€the€victim€told€him€that€he€had€just€been€released€from€jail,Ïand€the€victim€showed€him€scars€from€shootings€and€knifings.€€He€said€the€victimÏseemed€to€be€bragging€about€how€mean€he€was.€€He€said€that€by€the€end€of€the€weekÏon€the€job,€the€victim€had€been€arrested€three€times€for€DUI.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€one€year€later,€he€saw€the€victim€and€Ms.€Linder,Ïand€the€victim€had€a€vodka€bottle.€€He€said€the€victim€got€into€a€fight€and€dropped€aÏknife€on€the€ground.€€He€said€he€agreed€to€take€the€victim€home€to€prevent€the€victimÏfrom€being€arrested.€€The€defendant€said€that€after€that€incident,€he€occasionally€sawÏthe€victim€riding€horses€with€Ms.€Linder,€with€them€often€appearing€drunk.€€He€said€heÏheard€that€the€victim€had€been€charged€with€horse€theft.€€The€defendant€testified€thatÏMichael€Guffeyððs€sons€had€helped€him€on€his€farm€with€carpentry€work.€€He€deniedÏtelling€David€Guffey€that€he€would€kill€anyone€who€stole€from€him.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€on€August€10,€he€went€to€Knoxville€and€returnedÏaround€6:00€p.m.€to€find€his€home€burglarized.€€He€said€he€noticed€horse€hoof€prints,€aÏbeer€can€and€horse€droppings€around€his€house.€€He€said€the€house€was€completelyÏransacked€and€was€muddy.€€He€testified€that€in€his€fatherððs€room,€a€dresser€drawerÏholding€family€heirlooms€had€been€pulled€out.€The€defendant€stated€that€he€called€9„1„1Ïaround€8:00€p.m.€€He€said€he€was€angry€and€wanted€the€police€to€investigate.€€He€saidÏhe€told€Officer€Smith€that€he€did€not€know€exactly€what€was€missing€and€that€he€had€notÏtouched€anything€in€order€for€the€police€to€take€fingerprints.€€He€said€Officer€Smith€toldÏhim€he€would€take€a€report€and€turn€it€over€to€a€detective.€€The€defendant€said€OfficerÏSmith€stated€he€would€watch€for€anyone€on€horseback€and€told€the€defendant€to€callÐ Œ7„06 Ðhim€if€he€had€any€leads.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€was€angry€that€no€investigationÏwas€being€performed.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€when€he€determined€which€items€were€stolen,€heÏwas€particularly€angry€about€the€missing€family€heirlooms.€€He€said€he€was€also€missingÏtwo€swords,€a€bag,€a€chainsaw,€and€a€scabbard.€€He€said€he€asked€his€neighbor,€GeneÏBelk,€if€he€had€seen€anyone€riding€horses€that€day,€and€Mr.€Belk€said€he€had€seen€theÏvictim€and€Ms.€Linder.€€The€defendant€said€it€was€getting€dark,€and€he€grabbed€his€SKSÏrifle€and€loaded€it€with€six€rounds.€€He€said€he€wrote€a€note€to€his€family€that€said,€ð ðDearÏfamily,€I€think€I€know€who€did€this.€€Hereððs€my€checkbook,€and€if€I€donððt€come€back€.€.€.ðð€ÏHe€said€he€suspected€that€the€victim€committed€the€burglary.€€He€said€he€went€to€findÏthe€victim€because€he€wanted€to€retrieve€his€belongings,€not€to€kill€the€victim.€€He€saidÏhe€was€wearing€jeans€and€a€black€t„shirt.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€said€that€he€left€his€house€at€11:00€p.m.€and€took€the€rifle€withÏhim€for€protection.€€He€said€he€saw€Mr.€Guffey€on€the€road€and€tried€to€stop€him€to€ask€ifÏhe€had€seen€anyone€on€horseback,€but€Mr.€Guffey€would€not€stop.€€The€defendant€saidÏMr.€Guffey€was€driving€fast€as€if€he€was€trying€to€get€away€from€the€defendant.€€TheÏdefendant€said€Mr.€Guffey€drove€to€where€David€Guffey€and€the€victim€were€sitting€onÏhorseback.€€The€defendant€said€he€left€his€van€and€said€to€the€victim,€ð ðHey€neighbor,€IÏcame€to€visit€you.ðð€€The€defendant€said€he€did€not€have€anything€in€his€hand,€and€theÏvictim€was€fifteen€feet€away.€€The€defendant€said€the€victim€had€the€defendantððs€swordÏinside€the€scabbard,€and€the€defendant€said,€ð ðYou€broke€in€my€house€too,€didnððt€you.ðð€ÏHe€said€he€walked€closer€to€the€victim€and€identified€his€black€fanny€pack,€and€theÏvictim€said,€ð ðYes.ðð€€The€defendant€said€he€told€the€victim€to€get€off€the€horse€becauseÏhe€was€going€to€make€a€citizenððs€arrest.€€He€said€David€Guffey€got€off€his€horse€and€ranÏaway.€€He€denied€saying€anything€to€David€Guffey.ÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ` àThe€defendant€said€he€approached€the€victim,€who€tried€to€strike€him€with€aÏbottle.€€He€said€he€grabbed€the€horseððs€head€and€tried€to€knock€the€victim€off€the€horse.€ÏHe€said€that€during€the€scuffle,€the€victim€pulled€out€a€sword.€€The€defendant€said€heÏgrabbed€the€sword€from€the€victim€and€struck€the€victimððs€left€arm.€€He€said€the€fightÏthen€became€more€aggressive,€and€the€victim€came€toward€him€on€the€horse.€€He€saidÏhe€struck€the€victim€again€on€the€thigh.€€The€defendant€testified€that€the€victimÏcontinued€to€charge€toward€him,€then€backed€away.€€The€defendant€said€he€thought€theÏfight€was€over,€but€the€victim€then€dug€into€the€saddlebag.€€The€defendant€said€he€wentÏto€his€van€and€grabbed€his€rifle.€€He€said€he€looked€up,€and€the€victim€was€holding€aÏgun€in€his€right€hand€aimed€at€him.€€The€defendant€said€he€fired€three€shots,€and€theÏvictim€fell€off€the€horse.€€He€said€the€horse€remained€standing€and€did€not€appear€toÏhave€been€struck€by€any€bullets.€€The€defendant€said€he€shot€the€victim€in€self„defense.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€put€the€sword€that€he€had€grabbed€from€theÏvictim€into€his€van.€€He€said€the€victim€had€another€of€the€defendantððs€swords€that€wasÏtied€to€the€horse€with€webbing,€but€he€left€it€at€the€scene.€€The€defendant€testified€thatÏMr.€Guffey€drove€to€an€intersection,€turned€around,€and€came€back€to€the€scene.€€TheÏdefendant€said€he€turned€around€and€followed€the€Guffeys.€€He€said€that€the€victim€wasÏmoving€on€the€ground€as€he€drove€past€him€and€that€the€horse€was€still€standing.€€TheÏdefendant€said€Mr.€Guffey€turned€around,€drove€toward€him€and€stopped.€€He€said€Mr.ÏGuffey€asked€him,€ð ðWhatððs€the€matter?ðð€€The€defendant€said€he€told€Mr.€Guffey,€ð ðYou€allÏknew€he€stole€from€me.ðð€€The€defendant€said€Mr.€Guffey€then€sped€off.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€thought€Mr.€Guffey€was€involved€in€the€burglary.€ÏHe€said€he€continued€driving€and€found€Ms.€Linder€in€the€victimððs€trailer.€€He€said€heÏgrabbed€her€by€the€shirt€and€asked€her€why€she€broke€into€his€house.€€He€said€Ms.ÏLinder€denied€breaking€into€his€house.€€The€defendant€said€he€then€heard€sirens,€and€ÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðhe€went€home.€€He€said€he€did€not€return€to€the€scene€because€he€was€scared.€€He€saidÏhe€took€the€rifle€and€sword€inside€his€house.€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€officers€arrived€at€his€house€about€thirty€minutesÏlater€and€he€surrendered.€€He€said€that€the€officers€read€him€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€and€thatÐ 80 Ðhe€told€them€he€wanted€to€exercise€his€rights€to€silence€and€to€counsel.€€He€saidÏDetective€Miller€told€him€that€would€only€make€it€harder€on€him.€€He€denied€telling€theÏdetective€that€he€did€not€care€if€he€got€the€electric€chair.€€The€defendant€testified€that€atÏthe€police€station,€the€officers€continued€to€try€to€persuade€him€to€waive€his€rights.€€HeÏsaid€they€continued€to€question€him,€and€he€continued€to€assert€his€rights.€€€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€learned€about€self„defense€as€a€Green€Beret.€€HeÏsaid€he€had€trained€in€self„defense€and€martial€arts€for€fifteen€years.€€He€said€he€neverÏhad€any€previous€trouble€with€the€victim.€€He€stated€that€he€did€not€know€about€theÏvictimððs€assault€on€the€victimððs€former€mother„in„law.€€He€said€he€had€ridden€horses€withÏthe€victim€and€other€men€one€time,€and€the€victim€had€not€given€him€any€trouble.€€TheÏdefendant€stated€that€he€did€not€take€any€of€his€martial€arts€equipment€with€him€forÏprotection€on€the€night€of€the€offense.€€He€said€he€did€not€report€to€the€police€hisÏsuspicion€that€the€victim€had€committed€the€burglary.€€He€stated€that€he€did€not€recoverÏhis€stolen€property€from€the€scene€because€he€was€ð ðdisillusioned.ðð€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€denied€causing€the€victimððs€chop€wounds.€€He€said€that€his€rifleÏholds€only€six€rounds€and€that€he€fired€only€three€shots€at€the€victim,€leaving€threeÏunspent€bullets€in€the€rifle.€€He€acknowledged€that€the€police€retrieved€four€unspentÏbullets€from€his€rifle,€but€he€did€not€know€where€the€extra€bullet€came€from.€€He€deniedÏtaking€the€second€sword€from€the€scene.€€He€said€he€did€not€call€9„1„1€because€he€wasÏð ðdisillusioned.ðð€€He€said€he€searched€for€Ms.€Linder€because€he€wanted€answers€aboutÏthe€burglary.€€He€said€he€believed€that€when€the€Guffeys€left€the€scene,€they€were€goingÐ Œ7„06 Ðback€to€his€house€to€steal€more€items.€€He€said€he€suspected€that€the€Guffeys€were€theÏother€burglars,€not€Ms.€Linder.€€He€admitted€that€he€did€not€try€to€effect€a€citizenððs€arrestÏon€the€Guffeys.ÌÌà ` àErsie€Walker€testified€that€she€is€the€victimððs€former€mother„in„law.€€She€testifiedÏthat€on€July€19,€1995,€she€picked€up€her€granddaughter,€who€said€that€the€victim€had€hitÏher€on€the€arm.€€Ms.€Walker€said€she€told€him€the€victim€to€move€out.€€She€said€theÏvictim€had€been€drinking,€and€he€followed€her€home.€€She€said€the€victim€approachedÏher€as€she€was€standing€beside€her€car.€€She€said€the€victim€saw€a€baseball€bat€in€theÏcar€and€tried€to€get€it.€€She€said€a€struggle€ensued€as€she€tried€to€stop€him,€and€theÏvictim€pulled€out€a€knife€and€stabbed€her€three€times,€puncturing€her€lung.€€She€saidÏshe€then€pulled€out€a€gun€that€was€not€in€working€condition€and€hit€the€victim€in€theÏhead.€€She€said€the€victim€was€convicted€of€assault.ÌÌà ` àJimmy€Simpson€testified€that€the€victim€came€to€his€house€one€day€and€said€heÏhad€pawned€a€gun€to€Simpsonððs€son€and€wanted€the€gun€back.€€Mr.€Simpson€said€theÏvictim€stated€that€if€he€did€not€get€the€gun€back,€he€would€return€and€kill€all€of€them.€€Mr.ÏSimpson€said€the€victim€called€his€house€later€that€night€and€threatened€to€come€and€killÏeveryone.€€Mr.€Simpson€said€he€watched€for€the€victim€outside,€and€the€victim€came€byÏand€fired€shots.€€Mr.€Simpson€admitted€that€he€had€a€felony€drug€conviction.ÌÌà ` àGene€Belk€testified€that€he€was€the€defendantððs€neighbor.€€€He€testified€that€onÏAugust€10,€the€defendant€came€to€his€house€around€9:00€or€9:30€p.m.€and€asked€him€ifÏhe€had€seen€anyone€on€horseback.€€He€said€he€told€the€defendant€that€he€had€seen€theÏvictim€and€Ms.€Linder.€€Mr.€Belk€said€the€defendant€then€told€him€he€had€to€go€meetÏwith€law€enforcement.ÌÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ` àDetective€Jerry€Wilson€was€recalled.€€He€loaded€the€rifle€retrieved€from€theÏdefendantððs€home€and€demonstrated€that€the€rifle€held€twelve€rounds.€€The€defendantÏwas€recalled€and€testified€that€he€did€not€know€the€weapon€would€hold€twelve€rounds.€ÏHe€testified€that€he€had€never€loaded€more€than€six€rounds€and€that€the€gun€normallyÏjams€when€one€puts€more€than€six€rounds€in€it.€€Upon€the€foregoing€proof,€the€juryÏconvicted€the€defendant€of€second€degree€murder.ÌÌÓ  Óà @` à€ò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEÐ œ”  ÐÓ  Óó óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€convictionÐ tl Ðfor€second€degree€murder.€€He€argues€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€the€injuries€heÏinflicted€on€the€victim€caused€the€victimððs€death,€and€he€argues€that€the€evidence,€atÏmost,€supports€a€conviction€for€voluntary€manslaughter.€€The€state€contends€that€theÏevidence€is€sufficient.ÌÌà ` àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questioned€onÏappeal€is€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ Ô#Ì  Ðcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.Ð  %˜" Ð2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€do€not€reweigh€the€evidence€but€presume€thatÏthe€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonable€inferencesÏfrom€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547Ð +ü#( Ð(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€Ð Ð,È%* ÐÌÓ  Óà @` àò òA.€€CausationÐ h0`). ÐÓ  Óó óà0 ` àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€the€injuries€he€Ð@28+0` €%` €% Ðinflicted€on€the€victim€caused€the€victimððs€death.€€First,€he€argues€that€Doctors€ForeeÏand€Toolsey€may€have€examined€different€bodies.€€Next,€he€argues€that€no€proof€existsÏto€show€that€the€injuries€he€inflicted€caused€the€victimððs€death.€€He€argues€that€theÐ ¤7œ06 Ðevidence€shows€that€only€three€shots€were€fired€from€his€rifle€but€that€there€were€fourÏgunshot€wounds,€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€these€three€shots€killed€or€evenÏstruck€the€victim,€and€that€the€chop€wounds€were€not€fatal.ÌÌà ` àWe€believe€the€evidence€sufficiently€supports€the€defendantððs€conviction.€€First,Ïthe€defendantððs€argument€that€Doctors€Foree€and€Toolsey€may€have€examined€twoÏdifferent€bodies€is€not€supported€by€the€record.€€The€defendant€correctly€asserts€that€Dr.ÏForeeððs€initial€report€and€Dr.€Toolseyððs€autopsy€report€are€somewhat€inconsistentÏregarding€the€types€of€injuries.€€However,€Dr.€Toolsey€explained€at€trial€that€it€is€difficultÏto€determine€the€type€of€inflicting€instrument€until€one€physically€pulls€the€tissueÏtogether,€which€is€typically€not€done€until€the€post„mortem€examination.€€The€defendantÏargues€that€Dr.€Toolsey€could€not€identify€the€body€upon€which€he€performed€theÏautopsy€as€being€that€of€Terry€Bohannon.€€However,€Dr.€Toolsey€was€able€to€identifyÏand€discuss€photographs€of€the€victimððs€injuries,€not€made€during€the€autopsy,€as€beingÏthose€of€the€person€upon€whom€he€performed€the€autopsy.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€no€evidence€exists€to€show€that€the€injuries€heÏinflicted€upon€the€victim€caused€the€victimððs€death.€€He€argues€that€the€evidence€showsÏthat€he€fired€only€three€shots€and€that€no€evidence€exists€to€show€that€the€three€shotsÏstruck€or€killed€the€victim.€€He€further€argues€that€Dr.€Toolsey€testified€that€the€chopÏwounds€would€not€have€caused€the€victimððs€death.€€ÌÌà ` àWe€disagree€with€the€defendantððs€interpretation€of€the€trial€record.€€TheÏprosecutor€asked€Dr.€Toolsey€which€of€the€victimððs€wounds€was€sufficient€to€causeÏdeath.€€Dr.€Toolsey€responded,€ð ðWell,€I€think€probably€the€better€question€would€be€toÏask€which€one€would€not.€€With€the€exception€of€probably€one,€each€of€them€would€haveÏproved€eventually€to€be€fatal.ðð€€Dr.€Toolsey€testified€that€the€only€injury€that€would€notÏhave€been€fatal€was€the€gunshot€wound€to€the€right€leg.€€The€evidence€shows€that€theÐ Œ7„06 Ðdefendant€fired€at€least€three€shots€at€the€victim.€€The€shots€obviously€hit€the€victimÏbecause€the€defendantððs€own€testimony€was€that€the€victim€toppled€off€the€horse€afterÏthe€shots€were€fired.€€ÌÌà ` àWith€respect€to€the€chop€injuries,€Dr.€Toolsey€testified€that€they€were€ð ðveryÏsignificant€and€deep€wounds,€chopping€their€way€almost€all€the€way€through€to€the€boneÏ.€.€.€.€€And€it€is€possible€to€bleed€to€death€from€any€one€of€these.ðð€€Although€Dr.€ToolseyÏtestified€that€sometimes€clean€chop€wounds€that€completely€sever€an€artery€are€lessÏlethal€or€less€dangerous,€he€never€testified,€as€the€defendant€states€in€his€brief,€that€theÏvictimððs€chop€wounds€would€not€have€caused€his€death.€€The€evidence€shows€that€theÏdefendant€shot€and€chopped€the€victim.€€All€but€one€of€the€victimððs€wounds€were€lethal.€ÏThe€defendantððs€argument€to€the€contrary€is€not€supported€by€the€record.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.€€à0 @ àProvocationÐ d\ ÐÓ  Óó óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€a€findingÐ < 4 Ðthat€he€knowingly€killed€the€victim.€€He€argues€that€the€killing€was,€at€most,€voluntaryÏmanslaughter€because€he€was€provoked€by€the€victimððs€burglary€of€his€home€and€by€theÏvictimððs€attack€upon€him€when€he€went€to€retrieve€his€property.€€We€hold€that€theÏevidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€second€degree€murder€conviction.ÌÌà ` àSecond€degree€murder€is€defined€as€a€knowing€killing€of€another.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„210.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„302(b)€provides€that:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àð ðKnowingðð€refers€to€a€person€who€acts€knowingly€with€respectÏto€the€conduct€or€to€circumstances€surrounding€the€conductÏwhen€the€person€is€aware€of€the€nature€of€the€conduct€or€thatÏthe€circumstances€exist.€€A€person€acts€knowingly€with€respectÏto€a€result€of€the€personððs€conduct€when€the€person€is€awareÏthat€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓÌÓ  ÓÌÐ ~8v17 Ðà ` àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€evidence€shows€that€the€victimÏreturned€to€his€home€around€6:00€p.m.€to€find€that€it€had€been€burglarized.€€TestimonyÏfrom€the€defendantððs€neighbor,€Gene€Belk,€suggests€that€the€defendant€suspected€theÏvictim€before€he€called€the€police.€€However,€the€defendant€told€Officer€Smith€that€heÏdid€not€have€any€suspects.€€Several€hours€after€learning€of€the€burglary,€the€defendantÏarmed€himself€with€a€loaded€SKS€rifle€and€set€out€in€search€of€the€victim.€€When€heÏfound€the€victim,€he€told€David€Guffey,€ð ðGet€off€your€horse;€you€donððt€need€to€see€this.ðð€ÏThe€defendant€then€confronted€the€victim€about€the€missing€items€and€attacked€theÏvictim,€shooting€and€chopping€him€such€that€the€victim€bled€to€death.€€No€evidenceÏexists,€other€than€the€defendantððs€testimony,€that€the€victim€was€armed€or€that€the€victimÏinitiated€the€attack.€€No€weapons€were€found€in€the€vicinity€of€the€victim.€€The€juryÏobviously€chose€to€discredit€the€defendantððs€testimony,€as€is€their€prerogative,€rejectingÏhis€theory€that€he€was€lawfully€trying€to€recover€his€property€when€he€was€attacked€byÏthe€victim.€€Although€the€defendant€claims€that€he€searched€for€the€victim€only€toÏrecover€his€property,€he€admitted€that€he€did€not€retrieve€the€property€afterÏincapacitating€the€victim.€€€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€cites€several€cases€in€support€of€his€argument€that€he€acted€uponÏadequate€provocation.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Thorntonóó,€730€S.W.2d€309€(Tenn.€1987);€òòSmith€v.Ð `'X $ ÐStateóó,€370€S.W.2d€543€(Tenn.€1963);òòóó€òòCooper€v.€Stateóó,€356€S.W.2d€405€(Tenn.€1962);òòóóÐ ,)$"& ÐòòWright€v.€Stateóó,€497€S.W.2d€588€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973).€€òòCooperóó,€òòSmithóó€and€òòWrightóóÐ ø*ð#( Ðare€factually€distinguishable€because€they€concern€situations€in€which€the€victim€wasÏthe€original€aggressor€or€an€intruder.€€òòThorntonóó€is€also€dissimilar€to€the€present€case.€€InÐ .ˆ', ÐòòThorntonóó,€the€defendant€shot€the€victim,€his€wifeððs€lover,€when€he€discovered€the€two€inÐ \0T). Ðthe€midst€of€sexual€intercourse.€€Our€supreme€court€stated€that€ð ðthe€commission€ofÏunlawful€sexual€intercourse€.€.€.€is€an€act€obviously€calculated€to€arouse€ungovernableÏpassion,ðð€and€held€that€the€killing€of€the€adulterer€under€such€circumstances€in€the€heatÏof€passion€is€voluntary€manslaughter.€€The€present€case,€however,€concerns€no€suchÐ Œ7„06 Ðcircumstances,€and€no€credible€evidence€exists€to€suggest€that€the€victim€was€theÏoriginal€aggressor.€€In€sum,€the€evidence€supports€a€conviction€for€second€degreeÏmurder.ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.€€LIMITATION€OF€CROSS„EXAMINATIONÐ 80 Ðó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€allowing€him€to€cross„Ð   Ðexamine€Dr.€Toolsey€as€to€his€knowledge€of€the€identity€of€the€body€upon€which€Dr.ÏToolsey€performed€his€autopsy.€€He€argues€that€the€discrepancies€between€Dr.ÏToolseyððs€autopsy€report€and€Dr.€Foreeððs€initial€report€show€that€the€two€may€have€beenÏexamining€different€bodies€and€that€he€should€have€been€allowed€to€explore€the€issueÏon€cross„examination€of€Dr.€Toolsey.€€The€state€contends€that€the€trial€court€properlyÏlimited€the€cross„examination.€€ÌÌà ` à€The€Sixth€Amendment€provides€that€the€accused€shall€have€the€right€ð ðto€beÏconfronted€with€the€witnesses€against€him.ðð€€U.S.€Cont.€amend.€VI.€€The€right€ofÏconfrontation€includes€not€only€the€right€to€confront€the€witness€at€trial€but€also€theÏð ðððopportunity€for€effective€cross„examination.ðððð€òòState€v.€Howellóó,€868€S.W.2d€238,€252Ð Ô#Ì  Ð(Tenn.€1993)€(quoting€òòDelaware€v.€Fenstereróó,€474€U.S.€15,€20,€106€S.€Ct.€292,€294Ð  %˜" Ð(1985)).€€However,€ð ða€defendantððs€right€to€confrontation€does€not€preclude€a€trial€courtÏfrom€imposing€limits€upon€cross„examination€which€take€into€account€such€factors€asÏharassment,€prejudice,€issue€confusion,€witness€safety,€or€merely€repetitive€orÏmarginally€relevant€interrogation.ðð€€òòState€v.€Reidóó,€882€S.W.2d€423,€430€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ð,È%* ÐApp.€1994).€€ð ðAppellate€courts€may€not€disturb€limits€on€cross„examination€except€whenÏthere€has€been€an€unreasonable€restriction€on€the€right.ðð€€òòState€v.€Fowleróó,€213€Tenn.Ð h0`). Ð239,€253,€373€S.W.2d€460,€466€(1963).ÌÌÌÐ ˜706 Ðà ` àIn€the€present€case,€the€defendant€sought€to€cross„examine€Dr.€Toolsey€on€theÏidentity€of€the€body€upon€which€he€performed€the€autopsy.€€The€following€colloquyÏoccurred:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àATTORNEY:€First€of€all,€how€do€you€know€that€this€wasÏTerry€Bohannon?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà0 ` àà8¸ ` €%` €%àDR.€TOOLSEY:€How€do€I€know?€€I€donððt.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àATTORNEY:€Did€you€know€Terry€Bohannon€before€thisÏdate?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àDR.€TOOLSEY:€€€No,€I€donððt.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àATTORNEY:€You€donððt€know€whether€or€not€this€was€TerryÏBohannon?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àDR.€TOOLSEY:€I€know€that€there€was€a€deceased„Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓThe€state€then€objected,€stating€that€it€would€identify€a€picture€of€the€deceased€if€identityÏwas€an€issue.€€In€a€jury„out€hearing,€Dr.€Toolsey€referred€to€photographs€of€the€victimÏand€stated,€ð ðNow€the€face,€I€donððt€remember,€but€I€did€document€that€he€had€this€tattooÏand€itððs€in€my€autopsy€protocol.€€This€is€a€distinguishing€mark€and€it€is€mentioned€in€myÏprotocol.ðð€€After€argument,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€the€defendantððs€attorney€couldÏquestion€Dr.€Toolsey€about€discrepancies€between€his€findings€and€Dr.€Foreeððs€reportÏbut€that€the€attorney€could€not€question€Dr.€Toolsey€about€the€identity€of€the€body.ÌÌà ` àWe€believe€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€limiting€the€defendantððs€cross„examinationÏof€Dr.€Toolsey.€€Considering€that€Dr.€Toolsey€made€no€photographs€during€his€autopsy,Ïno€one€from€the€sheriffððs€department€was€present€during€the€autopsy,€and€Ïdiscrepancies€between€the€doctorsðð€reports€existed,€the€defendant€was€entitled€to€cross„¼examine€Dr.€Toolsey€on€the€identity€of€the€body€he€examined.€€Having€concluded€thatÏthe€trial€court€erred,€we€must€now€determine€whether€it€is€reversible€error.€€In€òòState€v.Ð B1:*/ ÐHowellóó,€868€S.W.2d€238,€253€(Tenn.€1993),€our€supreme€court€stated€as€follows:Ð 3,1 ÐÓ  ÓÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àIn€determining€whether€the€constitutionally€improper€denial€ofÏa€defendantððs€opportunity€to€impeach€a€witness€is€harmlessÏunder€the€[òòChapman€v.€Californiaóó,€386€U.S.€18,€87€S.€Ct.€824Ð ¦6ž/5 Ð(1967)]€standard,€the€correct€inquiry€is€whether,€assuming€€thatÏthe€damaging€potential€of€the€cross„examination€were€fullyÐ r8j17 Ðrealized,€the€error€was€nonetheless€harmless€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€[òòDelaware€v.€Van€Arsdallóó,€475€U.S.€673,Ð îæ Ð684„85,€106€S.€Ct.€1431,€1438€(1986)].€€A€number€of€factorsÏare€relevant€to€this€inquiry€including€the€importance€of€theÏwitnessðð€testimony€in€the€prosecutionððs€case,€the€cumulativeÏnature€of€the€testimony,€the€presence€or€absence€of€evidenceÏcorroborating€or€contradicting€the€witness€on€material€points,Ïthe€extent€of€cross„examination€otherwise€permitted,€and€theÏoverall€strength€of€the€prosecutionððs€case.€€òòId.óóÐ80¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓ%·ÓÓ1·ÓÌà ` àWe€hold€that€the€error€is€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Our€supremeÏcourtððs€directive€in€òòHowellóó€is€to€consider€the€question€of€harm€assuming€that€theÐ ¶®  Ðdamaging€potential€of€the€cross„examination€were€fully€realized.€€In€the€present€case,Ïthe€damaging€potential€was€realized.€€Dr.€Toolsey€admitted€that€he€could€not€identify€theÏbody€as€that€of€Terry€Bohannon.€The€defendant€does€not€articulate€what€more€heÏhoped€to€achieve€from€further€cross„examination,€other€than€his€argument€that€theÏdiscrepancies€between€the€two€reports€show€that€the€doctors€may€have€been€examiningÏtwo€different€bodies.€€However,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€the€defendant€was€free€toÏexplore€these€discrepancies€on€cross„examination€of€Dr.€Toolsey.€€Thus,€the€defendantÏwas€allowed€to€and€did€question€Dr.€Toolsey€on€the€fact€that€Dr.€Foree€did€not€note€anyÏchop€marks€and€noted€different€injuries€than€those€found€by€Dr.€Toolsey.€€In€light€of€Dr.ÏToolseyððs€admission€that€he€did€not€know€whether€the€body€he€autopsied€was€that€ofÏTerry€Bohannon€and€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€that€the€defendant€could€explore€theÏdiscrepancies€between€the€two€reports,€we€cannot€say€that€the€trial€courtððs€erroneousÏlimitation€of€cross„examination€more€probably€than€not€affected€the€judgment.€ÌÌÓ  Óò òIII.€€PROSECUTORIAL€MISCONDUCTÐ ª-¢&+ ÐÓ  Óó óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€district€attorney€committed€prosecutorialÐ ‚/z(- Ðmisconduct€during€cross„examination€and€closing€argument€by€repeatedly€referring€toÏthe€defendantððs€exercise€of€his€constitutional€right€to€silence€upon€arrest.€€He€arguesÏthat€the€prosecutorððs€repeated€comments€violated€his€right€to€a€fair€trial.€€The€stateÏcontends€that€the€defendant€never€asserted€his€right€to€silence,€rather€the€defendant€ÌÐ ~8v17 Ðmade€a€statement€upon€arrest€that€was€contradictory€to€his€trial€testimony,€and€theÏprosecutor€was€entitled€to€question€the€defendant€about€the€contradictions.ÌÌà ` àDue€Process€generally€prohibits€the€prosecution€from€questioning€a€defendantÏregarding€his€post„arrest€silence.€€òòDoyle€v.€Ohioóó,€416€U.S.€610,€618,€96€S.€Ct.€2240,Ð 80 Ð2245€(1976).€€The€obvious€reason€is€that€a€defendant€should€not€be€told€that€he€has€aÏright€to€remain€silent€that€cannot€be€held€against€him€only€to€have€that€very€thingÏhappen€should€he€decide€to€testify€at€trial.€€The€United€States€Supreme€Court€has€heldÏthat€it€is€ð ðimpermissible€to€penalize€an€individual€for€exercising€his€Fifth€AmendmentÏprivilege€when€he€is€under€police€custodial€interrogation.€€The€prosecution€may€not,Ïtherefore,€use€at€trial€the€fact€that€[a€defendant]€stood€mute€or€claimed€his€privilege€inÏthe€face€of€accusation.ðð€€òòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436,€468,€86€S.€Ct.€1602,€1625Ð ÌÄ Ð(1966).€€However,€a€defendant€cannot€use€his€post„arrest€silence€to€shield€himself€fromÏthe€effect€of€patently€inconsistent€testimony€at€trial.€€Thus,€a€defendant€who€elects€toÏtestify€may€be€subject€to€the€impeaching€effect€of€proof€of€any€prior€inconsistentÏstatement.€€òòBraden€v.€Stateóó,€534€S.W.2d€657,€660€(Tenn.€1976).òòóóÐ ü!ô ÐÌà ` àThe€evidence€shows€that€Detective€Gary€Miller€testified€that€upon€arrest€and€afterÏòòMirandaóó€warnings,€the€defendant€stated€that€he€did€not€care€if€he€got€the€electric€chairÐ `'X $ Ðand€that€the€defendant€told€him€the€location€of€the€rifle.€€Detective€Miller€also€testifiedÏthat€when€he€asked€the€defendant€why€he€shot€the€victim,€the€defendant€replied,€ð ðWhyÏdid€they€break€into€my€house?ðð€€The€defendant€elected€to€testify€at€trial,€and€duringÏdirect€examination,€he€denied€making€the€statements€attributed€to€him€by€DetectiveÏMiller.€€The€defendant€testified€extensively€about€his€invocation€of€his€right€to€remainÏsilent,€stating€that€although€the€officers€continued€to€try€to€persuade€him€to€waive€hisÏrights,€he€continued€to€invoke€them.ÌÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ` àThe€defendant€takes€issue€with€four€instances€in€which€the€prosecutorÏcommented€on€the€defendantððs€invocation€of€his€right€to€silence.€€Two€of€the€commentsÏoccurred€during€cross„examination€of€the€defendant,€and€two€occurred€during€closingÏargument.€€First,€the€defendant€challenges€the€prosecutorððs€question€during€cross„¼examination,€ð ðWhen€was€it,€the€first€time,€Mr.€Wilcox,€that€you€told€the€version€of€theÏevents€of€August€10òòthóó?€€Whenððs€the€first€time€that€you€told€that€as€youððve€told€it€hereÐ ü  Ðtoday€to€this€jury?ðð€€Later€during€cross„examination,€the€prosecutor€asked€the€defendantÏwhy€he€did€not€try€to€make€a€citizenððs€arrest€of€Mr.€Guffey,€to€which€the€defendantÏresponded€that€he€heard€sirens€and€thought€it€best€to€go€home.€€The€prosecutor€thenÏstated,€ð ðAnd€seize€on€your,€your€rights€as€you€did.ðð€€ÌÌà ` àDuring€closing€argument,€the€prosecutor€stated€as€follows:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€now,€you€know,€Mr.€Bohannon€(sic)€seemed€to€know€quiteÏa€little€bit€about€his€legal€rights€and€thatððs.€.€.€something€heÏshould€be€commended€for.€€He€knew€what€they€were€and€heÏknew€how€to€exercise€them€and€thatððs€great.€€I€donððt€have,€IÏcanððt€criticize€him,€wouldnððt€criticize€that.€€We€all€ought€to.€€HeððsÏvery€concerned€about€things€like€due€process,€things€like€trialsÏlike€this.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓÂÎÓÌÓÓLater,€the€prosecutor€stated,€ð ðThatððs€the€entirety€of€the€evidence€that€brought€us€here€toÏthis€case,€with€this€man€so€conscious€of€the€rights€of€due€process€of€himself€andÏothers.ðð€ÌÌà ` àWe€do€not€believe€that€the€circumstances€of€this€case€are€of€the€typeÏcontemplated€in€òòDoyleóó€and€subsequent€Tennessee€casesòòóó.€€òòSeeóó€òòBradenóó,€534€S.W.2d€atÐ Ä,¼%* Ð660;€òòWare€v.€Stateóó,€565€S.W.2d€906,€908€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978);€òòHoneycutt€v.€Stateóó,Ð .ˆ', Ð544€S.W.2d€912,€918€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976);€òòParks€v.€Stateóó,€543€S.W.2d€855,€857Ð \0T). Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976);òòóó€€The€defendant€correctly€argues€that€the€state€is€prohibitedÐ (2 +0 Ðfrom€commenting€at€trial€on€a€defendantððs€silence€upon€arrest.€€The€rationale€is€that€it€isÏunfair€to€provide€the€defendant€with€a€right€to€silence,€then€use€the€defendantððsÏinvocation€of€that€right€at€trial€to€infer€guilt.€€In€the€present€case,€however,€the€state€didÐ Œ7„06 Ðnot€introduce€the€defendantððs€invocation€of€his€right€in€order€for€the€jury€to€infer€guilt.€€InÏfact,€the€defendant€himself€testified€extensively€on€direct€examination€about€how€heÏasserted€his€right€to€silence.€€Ìà ` àÌà ` àAn€analysis€of€the€prosecutorððs€questioning€and€argument€shows€that€theÏcomments€were€not€calculated€to€permit€an€inference€of€guilt€from€the€defendantððsÏsilence.€€In€context,€the€prosecutorððs€cross„examination€questioned€the€defendantððsÏveracity€and€credibility€in€light€of€Detective€Millerððs€testimony€that€the€defendant€did€notÏexercise€his€right€to€silence€but€made€a€statement.€€In€this€respect,€we€believe€that€aÏdefendant€who€voluntarily€testifies€that€he€invoked€his€right€to€silence€can€be€cross„¼examined€regarding€contradictory€proof€adduced€at€trial€that€the€defendant€made€aÏstatement.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòBradenóó,€534€S.W.2d€at€660.€€In€addition,€the€second€twoÐ ÌÄ Ðcomments€are€not€calculated€to€permit€an€inference€of€guilt€but€rather€to€show€the€ironyÏin€the€defendantððs€testimony€that€he€was€concerned€about€rights,€when€he€obviouslyÏhad€no€concern€for€the€victimððs€rights.€€We€do€not€view€the€prosecutorððs€comments€to€beÏprejudicially€improper.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIV.€€COMMENT€DURING€CLOSING€ARGUMENTÐ ”%Œ" ÐÓ  Óà ` àó óThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€prosecutor€toÐ l'd $ Ðstate€during€closing€argument€that€the€sheriffððs€department€was€working€on€a€shoestringÏbudget.€€He€argues€that€the€statement€was€offered€to€rebut€the€defendantððs€claim€ofÏsloppy€investigation€by€the€sheriffððs€department€but€that€no€evidence€exists€in€the€recordÏto€support€the€prosecutorððs€claim.€€The€state€contends€that€the€prosecutorððs€statementÏwas€a€proper€summary€of€the€evidence.€€€€òòó󀀀Рh0`). ÐÌà ` àThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€recognized€that€ð ðargument€of€counsel€is€aÏvaluable€privilege€that€should€not€be€unduly€restricted.ðð€€òòSmith€v.€Stateóó,€527€S.W.2dÐ Ì5Ä.4 Ð737,€739€(Tenn.€1975).€€However,€closing€argument€must€be€ð ðtemperate,€must€beÐ ˜706 Ðpredicated€on€evidence€introduced€during€the€trial€of€the€case€and€must€be€pertinent€toÏthe€issues€being€tried.ðð€€òòRussell€v.€Stateóó,€532€S.W.2d€268,€271€(Tenn.€1976).€€ImproperÐ ÔÌ Ðstatements€made€during€closing€argument€constitute€reversible€error€if€the€statementsÏaffected€the€verdict.ðð€€òòState€v.€Suttonóó,€562€S.W.2d€820,€823€(Tenn.€1978).€€Ð l d ÐÌà ` àIn€the€present€case,€the€prosecutor€stated€the€following:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àOkay.€€So€we€didnððt€send€some€things€off€for€chemicalÏanalysis.€€What€we€try€to€do€with€your€tax€money€is€preserveÏthose€services€for€cases€where€itððs€needed.€€Look€at€theÏanatomy€of€this€case€.€.€.€.€They€get€a€burglary€report€that€weððreÏgoing€to€talk€about€here€in€a€few€minutes€from€Mr.€Wilcox.€ÏWithin€a€few€hours„€weððre€not€talking€days€and€weððre€not€talkingÏMonday€through€Friday.€€Weððre€talking€Sunday,€you€know.€€IÏmean€even€Detective€Wilson€ought€to€have€a€little€time€onÏSunday.€€Heððs€on€call€but€he€doesnððt€sit€at€his€desk€on€SundayÏnight€at€eight€oððclock€to€just€wait€for€Mr.€Wilcox€to€come€in€andÏreport€this€burglary.€€Youððve€got€a€couple€of€deputies€out€thereÏon€a€stringshoe€(sic)€budget€servicing€the€entire€county„Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓ>ßÓÌÓÓThe€state€argues€that€the€prosecutorððs€statement€was€a€proper€summary€of€theÏevidence.€€Specifically,€it€points€to€testimony€from€trial€that€(1)€the€investigating€officerÏwas€not€trained€to€lift€fingerprints;€(2)€no€detective€was€on€duty€at€the€time€of€theÏburglary;€(3)€the€entire€county€has€only€three€detectives,€one€is€on€call€on€theÏweekends,€and€none€actually€work€on€the€weekends;€and€(4)€the€McMinn€CountyÏMedical€Examiner€is€not€a€pathologist€and€does€not€conduct€post„mortem€examinations.€ÏWe€question€whether€the€previous€testimony€allows€for€a€reasonable€argument€that€theÏcounty€was€on€a€shoestring€budget.€€Nevertheless,€we€believe€that€the€defendant€hasÏfailed€to€demonstrate€that€the€statement€affected€the€verdict.€€The€comment€wasÏisolated€and€innocuous,€the€evidence€against€the€defendant€is€great,€and€no€evidenceÏexists€regarding€the€prosecutorððs€improper€intent.€€òòSeeóó€òòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,Ð v/n(- Ð344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976).ÌÌÌÌÐ r8j17 Ðà ` àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€theÏjudgment€of€conviction.ÌÓÓÌÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJohn€Everett€Williams,€JudgeÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌAlan€E.€Glenn,€Judge