ÿWPC¾ OázûÉvYü®FCÛ¸¨[‚"êW2‚Žå2(D',ÿŽ¡%1w… Ñ¢<ðgGì1šA!É·#9œµç”ÒÜ›i¦{5!rðG K–¦’îL™MÑwÆ ¤ÔhåKÍ>jLáǹoòÅÄeå(R,«Ú¨¯Í;‡Ÿ¥)ãæEÛø†{é*q—L%oÚöõ¦’ùÏÓÝ™´ÃgÒH «1¼oëÄHRÂjøJOÏD,¯#Æc¯¥(‹ð}ŠË‡‰%9c<,¿5Î}#ûRkÚ(Á qDQŒåô‘¦®‘ $o_oOªEÓ{3˜éX?{ã« Äø¥ áoÇ0½éÍúqlýË‘£ôeüqàxVG¹ÁâÛËó3½8ó½À½¢–ÛAƒÎ,Äßø›ê;ÍnÛRàØ¡°ezaïi›ÌÓ<‰Ô1ÛÝø9V©©Ø™ú£äX æä#Ä”|2Ó±ßTÄÊA$Ú³Î$°id7À¨dï8‚w>é /ih3pËé=›|OÏí…ùÄÖΡð%|`.>o2¬\2õ•Š9ÇÊŠ´{f'’ Ï=¯°QTx¼òjÒJÁkrpoB›816Þ˜²FI†~¸/”½wg¡»†>/n»ÅA…# F U>Q % 0í• UB‚ 4Ä Ø n­ç U:” fÎ 4 å< w@!ýa 0M^ 0D«U:ïå)ÉU:××U:U:KKKKKKKKKK B…………………… D3¢¢¢ 0DÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ AOÆhh 0D. D/r B¡˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiuM%3|xy«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular \Ñ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\Ñ ÛÔ€XÏXXXÔÔ€é8XXÏÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XÏXé8ÔÐ  ÐÌJuly€16,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó efEghiDjklDmÓ€w óÝ ƒ•$ÝÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ¸ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ô¤#ôXXÔÔ€ôPöôôô¤#ÔWe€note€that€the€defendantððs€name€appears€as€Robert€Wilks›€in€both€briefs€andÐ  Ðthroughout€the€record.€However,€absent€an€order€of€amendment,€this€court€uses€the€name€set€forth€in€theÏcharging€instrument.(ý(2•$¤¤Ý ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€;€XXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ¸ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÛÔ€XÏXXXÔÔ€é8XXÏÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XÏXé8ÔÐ  ÐÌJuly€15,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó ¿Ý ƒµ”$ÝÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ¸ àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ôtiôXXÔÔ€ô€àôôôtiÔThe€presentence€report€does€not€indicate€the€monetary€value€of€these€stolen€drugs,€andÐ  Ða€judgment€for€this€conviction€is€not€contained€within€the€record.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial Regular d""""'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€;€XXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  ݛѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÑ€ †ÑÔ€ XÏXXXÔÑ7€ Ï XXdæXXdÈ7Ññmñœñmññwññmñßr€ *<,(j 8` `€€@E  ` 8ttxPXð  rßñmññwññwñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E  ` 8ttxPXð  rßñwññmñ›ñmñ€à8 ¸ àà@Ñ Ñ D¸ x¸ xàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@ƒƒ%DàAT€NASHVILLEà@@66-Rà€€€€€€€€€ˆÌà ¸ àà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€JUNE€1998€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)à  àÐ 80 Ѐà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð   Ðà ¸ àAppellee,€à h àà À à)à  àNo.€01C01„9708„CC„00382Ð ü  Ðà ¸ à€€€€€à  àà h à€€à À à)Ð êâ  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à€Hickman€CountyÐ ÐÈ  Ðv.à ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€€Ð ¶®  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHonorable€Cornelia€A.€Clark€,€Judge€€€€€Ð œ”  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌROBERT€WILKES,à  àà h àà À à)à  à(Aggravated€Sexual€Battery)Ð h` Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€Ìà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À à)Ð 4, Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð æÞ ÐÌJohn€H.€Hendersonà  àà h àà À àà  àJohn€Knox€Walkup€Ð ²ª ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÐ ˜ ÐP.O.€Box€68à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àandÐ ~v ÐFranklin,€TN€37065„0068à h àà À àà  àLisa€A.€NaylorÐ d\ Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€€€€€€€€€€Ï€€€€€€€€€€€€€à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€€€€€à Ð àà (# àÐ 0 ( Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJoseph€D.€Baugh,€Jr.Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àandÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àRonald€L.€DavisÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWilliamson€County€CourthouseÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àP.O.€Box€937Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àFranklin,€TN€37065„0937ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌœCONVICTIONS›€AFFIRMED;€œSENTENCES›€MODIFIEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ >:639§ ЇÓÓà@õõ)Dàòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ¸ àThe€defendant,€Robert€Wilkes,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€convictions€byÐ ¬ ¤ Ða€jury€in€the€Hickman€County€Circuit€Court€of€six€counts€of€aggravated€sexual€battery,€aÏClass€B€œfelony.›€€œFor›€each€of€the€six€counts,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€toÏserve€thirty€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction€as€a€Range€III,€persistent€offender.€ÏThe€trial€court€ordered€the€sentences€to€run€consecutively€to€each€other€and€to€theÏdefendantððs€current€prison€sentences.€€The€trial€court€assessed€a€fine€of€twenty„fiveÏthousand€dollars€for€each€count€for€a€total€fine€of€one€hundred€fifty€thousand€dollars.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€raises€four€issues€on€appeal.€€He€contends€that:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ à(1)€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€theÏconvictions;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(2)€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€acquitting€the€defendant€ofÏcounts€four€and€five€because€count€four€merelyÏcorroborated€count€two€and€count€five€merelyÏcorroborated€count€three€rather€than€establishingÏseparate€offenses;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(3)€the€trial€court€erred€in€enhancing€the€sentence€of€theÏœdefendant›€from€twenty€€to€thirty€years€and€in€orderingÏthe€six€thirty„year€sentences€to€run€consecutively€toÏeach€other€and€to€the€sentence€the€defendant€is€alreadyÏserving;€andÐ ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(4)€the€trial€court€erred€in€assessing€a€twenty„fiveÏthousand€dollar€fine€per€count€because€the€defendantÏœis€indigent.›Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌÓÓÓ  ÓWe€have€reviewed€the€record€on€appeal,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€the€applicableÏlaw,€and€we€hold€that€œthe€evidence€is€sufficient›€to€support€the€defendantððs€convictions.€ÏWe€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€the€maximum€thirty„year€sentence€for€eachÏcount,€but€we€modify€the€trial€courtððs€sentence€by€ordering€that€counts€one€throughÏthree€run€concurrently€to€each€other€and€that€counts€four€through€six€run€concurrently€toÏeach€other€but€consecutively€to€counts€one€through€three€for€an€effective€sixty„yearÐ æ4Þ-3 Ðsentence.€€All€six€counts€will€remain€consecutive€to€the€defendantððs€previously€imposedÏsentence.€€We€also€modify€the€defendantððs€fine€to€five€thousand€dollars€for€each€of€theÏsix€counts€or€thirty€thousand€dollars€for€the€total€fine€imposed.̛̜€à ¸ àDavid€Bruce€Westbrooks,€an€internal€affairs€investigator€for€theÐ 80 ÐDepartment€of€Correction,€testified€that€in€July€and€August€of€1995,€the€defendant€wasÏincarcerated€in€the€minimum€security€annex€of€œTurney›€Center€Industrial€Prison€andÏFarm.€€He€testified€that€the€annexððs€visiting€gallery€contained€a€ð ðkidððs€corner,ðð€which€hadÏa€playhouse,€games,€and€books€for€the€children€visiting€inmates.€€Westbrook€stated€thatÏduring€visitation,€two€correctional€officers€and€one€administrative€staff€person€worked€inÏthe€annex.€€He€testified€that€officers€and€staff€workers€could€supervise€the€visitingÏgallery,€including€the€œkidððs›€corner,€from€an€operations€œcubical,›€but€due€to€their€variousÏduties€throughout€the€annex,€the€operations€cubical€was€not€staffed€continuously€duringÏvisitation.ÌÌà ¸ àSheila€Sutton€Durham€testified€that€she€worked€as€a€counselor€at€TurneyÏCenter.€€As€the€custodian€of€the€visitation€records€in€the€annex,€Durham€testified€thatÏthe€file€on€William€Lee€Bramlett,€an€inmate,€contained€visitation€applications€forÏBramlettððs€two€children:€a€son,€K.B.,€whose€birthday€was€listed€on€the€application€asÏJune€11,€1989,€and€a€daughter,€J.B.,€whose€birthday€was€listed€on€the€application€asÏNovember€1988.€€She€stated€that€a€copy€of€K.B.ððs€birth€certificate€was€attached€to€hisÏapplication€and€that€the€birth€certificate€listed€his€birthday€as€June€11,€1988.€€SheÏtestified€that€J.B.ððs€application€did€not€have€a€birth€certificate€attached€to€it.€€She€relatedÏthat€on€visitation€days,€the€defendant€worked€in€the€œkidððs›€corner€of€the€visiting€gallery.€ÏWhile€working€in€this€capacity,€the€defendant€would€turn€on€the€television€or€pass€outÏbooks€and€toys€to€the€children€visiting€inmates.€€Durham€testified€that€the€defendantððsÏname€was€not€on€the€inmate€visitation€sign„in€sheet€for€July€22,€1995,€but€it€did€appearÏon€the€August€5€and€August€12€sheets.€€€Durham€stated€that€while€on€duty€at€the€annexÐ Œ7„06 Ðon€August€5€and€August€12,€she€would€have€gone€into€the€visiting€gallery€ten€to€twentyÏtimes€each€day.€€She€testified€that€during€the€time€she€was€in€the€visiting€gallery,€sheÏnever€saw€any€impropriety€on€the€part€of€the€defendant.ÌÌà ¸ àJoy€Lamberson€testified€that€on€July€22,€1995,€she€came€to€the€annexððsÏvisiting€gallery€to€visit€her€brother,€who€was€an€inmate.€€While€in€the€visiting€gallery,€sheÏstated€that€she€saw€the€defendant€holding€a€œboy›€on€his€lap.€€Lamberson€testified€thatÏthe€defendant€had€his€hands€on€the€œboyððs›€genital€area,€rubbing€it,€and€that€theÏdefendant€was€rubbing€his€own€genital€area€against€the€œboyððs›€bottom„„a€movement€sheÏdescribed€as€hunching.€€She€testified€that€later€that€day,€she€saw€the€defendant€pick€upÏa€little€girl,€slip€his€hands€inside€of€œher›€shorts,€and€move€his€thumbs€between€œher›€legs.€ÏLamberson€identified€the€œboy›€as€K.B.€and€the€œgirl›€as€J.B.€€She€stated€that€she€did€notÏreport€these€incidents€until€August€œ12›€because€she€feared€the€possible€repercussionsÏfor€her€brother.ÌÌà ¸ àKimberly€Brown,€daughter€of€Joy€Lamberson,€testified€that€she€visited€herÏuncle€at€the€annex€on€July€22,€1995.€€Brown€related€that€while€sitting€in€the€visitationÏgallery,€she€saw€the€defendant€sitting€in€a€chair€with€his€legs€spread€and€with€a€little€boyÏsitting€on€the€same€chair€in€front€of€him.€€She€testified€that€the€defendant€was€fondlingÏthe€œboyððs›€crotch€and€œrubbing›€his€own€genital€area€against€the€œboyððs›€bottom.€€SheÏtestified€that€while€this€incident€was€taking€place,€a€guard€was€sitting€next€to€theÏdefendant€reading€a€paper.€€Brown€said€œthat€later€she›€saw€the€defendant€lift€a€little€girlÏup€to€reach€something€on€top€of€a€cabinet€in€the€kidððs€corner.€€She€testified€that€whileÏœlifting›€œher,›€the€defendant€put€his€fingers€under€œher›€dress€and€ð ðplayedðð€with€her.€€BrownÏidentified€the€œboy›€as€K.B.€and€the€œgirl›€as€J.B.€€She€testified€that€because€she€did€notÏwant€to€cause€any€trouble€for€her€uncle,€she€waited€to€report€the€incidents€in€a€letter€toÏthe€warden€dated€August€13.ÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ¸ àConstance€Elaine€Allen€testified€that€she€was€at€œTurney›€Center€œAnnex›Ïvisiting€her€husband€on€August€5,€1995.€€She€stated€that€while€she€was€in€the€visitingÏgallery,€she€saw€the€defendant€sitting€with€a€little€boy€on€his€lap.€€She€testified€that€theÏdefendant€placed€his€hand€inside€the€œboyððs›€shorts€and€began€touching€the€œboyððs›Ïgenitals.€€She€stated€that€later€that€day€she€saw€the€defendant€and€the€œboy›€by€a€closetÏand€that€the€defendant€was€touching€the€œboyððs›€genital€area€on€the€outside€of€his€shorts.€ÏAllen€identified€the€œboy›€as€K.B.€€Allen€testified€that€she€reported€these€incidents€theÏfollowing€Saturday,€August€12,€1995.ÌÌà ¸ àKristen€Lloyd€testified€that€in€August€of€œ1995,›€she€went€with€her€motherÏand€her€sister„in„law€to€visit€her€brother,€an€inmate€at€Turney€Center.€€She€testified€thatÏshe€asked€the€man€working€in€the€kidððs€corner€to€tie€a€large€piece€of€white€paper€aroundÏher€waist.€€She€said€that€while€he€was€doing€this,€he€touched€her€in€her€ð ðprivate€place.ðð€ÏShe€identified€the€defendant€as€this€man.€€When€asked€to€explain€to€the€jury€whichÏprivate€place€she€meant,€she€œstated,›€ð ðThe€Front.ðð€€She€further€explained€that€as€theÏdefendant€was€tying€the€white€paper€around€her€waist,€she€felt€the€defendantððs€handÏrubbing€her€under€her€clothes.€€She€stated€that€she€told€her€mother€about€the€incidentÏon€the€way€home€from€Turney€Center€that€day.€€Kristen€Lloyd€testified€that€her€birthdayÏwas€March€7,€1986€and€that€she€was€currently€ten€years€old.ÌÌà ¸ àDonna€Lloyd€testified€that€she€and€her€daughter,€Kristen€Lloyd,€visited€herÏson€at€Turney€Center€on€August€5,€1995.€€She€stated€that€she€was€sitting€in€the€picnicÏarea€outside€the€visiting€gallery€when€Kristen€went€inside€the€visiting€gallery€for€a€fewÏminutes€and€then€came€back€out.€€She€stated€that€when€Kristen€came€back€out,€sheÏlooked€as€if€she€were€about€to€cry.€€She€testified€that€Kristen€told€her€about€the€incidentÏafter€they€left€Turney€Center.Ìâ âÐ À5¸.4 Ðà ¸ àLouise€Timmons€testified€that€she€was€at€œTurney›€Center€Annex€on€AugustÏâ â12,€1995,€visiting€her€son.€€She€stated€that€while€in€the€visiting€gallery,€she€saw€theÏdefendant€sitting€at€a€table€with€a€little€boy€on€his€lap.€€Timmons€said€the€defendant€wasÏtouching€the€œboyððs›€genitals.€€She€testified€that€when€the€defendant€noticed€that€she€wasÏwatching€him,€he€put€the€œboy›€down.€€She€related€that€when€she€reentered€the€visitingÏgallery€later€that€day,€she€saw€the€defendant€lifting€a€little€girl€up€to€reach€the€top€of€aÏcabinet.€€She€stated€that€the€œgirl›€had€her€feet€on€the€second€shelf€of€the€cabinet€and€herÏlegs€were€apart.€€Timmons€testified€that€the€defendant€had€his€hands€inside€œthe›€œgirlððs›Ïshorts,€and€he€was€moving€his€hand€up€and€down€in€her€genital€area.€€She€said€thatÏwhen€the€defendant€realized€she€was€looking€at€him,€he€sent€the€œgirl›€outside.€€SheÏstated€that€she€immediately€reported€the€incident€to€a€guard.€€Timmons€identified€theÏœboy›€as€K.B.€and€the€œgirl›€as€J.B.ÌÌà ¸ àBob€Schlafly,€an€agent€with€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation,Ïtestified€that€he€investigated€the€complaints€made€against€the€defendant.€€He€statedÏthat€he€had€obtained€the€birth€certificates€of€K.B.€and€J.B.€from€the€records€division€inÏNashville,€and€these€were€entered€into€the€record€as€exhibits.€€These€exhibits€showÏK.B.ððs€date€of€birth€to€be€June€11,€1988€and€J.B.ððs€date€of€birth€to€be€November€27,Ï1989.ÌÌà ¸ àLee€Bramlett€testified€that€he€is€an€inmate€at€Turney€Center€and€that€he€isÏthe€father€of€K.B.€and€J.B.€€He€testified€that€K.B.€and€J.B.€visited€him€at€Turney€CenterÏon€July€22,€August€5,€and€August€12,€1995.€€He€related€that€K.B.€was€eight€years€oldÏand€J.B.€was€six€and€one„half€at€the€time€of€the€trial.€€He€stated€that€when€the€childrenÏvisited€him,€he€was€with€them€almost€the€entire€time€they€were€there.€€He€stated€thatÏwhile€he€was€preparing€lunch€in€the€picnic€area,€the€children€would€run€into€the€visitationÏgallery€and€then€run€back€out€to€the€picnic€area€but€that€they€were€never€in€the€visitationÏgallery€without€him€for€more€than€a€ð ðsplit„second.ðð€€He€said€that€he€did€not€recall€K.B.Ð Œ7„06 ÐÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ñever€sitting€on€the€defendantððs€lap€and€that€he€remembered€seeing€the€defendant€pickÐ  Ðup€J.B.€only€once€while€he€was€standing€beside€the€defendant.€€He€testified€that€heÏnever€saw€the€defendant€have€any€sexual€œcontact›€with€his€children.ÌÌ€à ¸ àHerbert€Mays,€an€inmate€at€Turney€Center,€testified€that€he€was€presidentÐ 80 Ðof€an€inmate€organization€called€P.A.C.E.€€He€stated€that€P.A.C.E.€furnished€the€toys,Ïcoloring€supplies,€and€movies€for€the€kidððs€corner€of€the€visiting€gallery.€€He€testified€thatÏthe€defendant€was€selected€by€P.A.C.E.€to€work€in€the€kidððs€corner€because€he€had€noÏrecord€of€previous€sex€offenses.€€He€stated€that€during€visitation,€an€officer€wouldÏremain€in€the€observation€cubicle,€and€if€that€officer€had€to€leave,€he€or€she€would€haveÏanother€officer€come€to€the€observation€cubicle.€€He€related€that€he€had€visitors€almostÏevery€œSaturday,›€and€he€was€probably€in€the€visitation€area€on€July€22,€August€5,€andÏAugust€12.€€He€testified€that€he€had€never€seen€the€defendant€involved€in€any€sexualÏimpropriety.€€€ÌÌà ¸ àWilliam€Embry,€an€inmate€at€Turney€Center,€testified€that€he€was€in€theÏvisitation€area€on€July€22€and€August€5,€1995.€€He€stated€that€he€generally€remainedÏinside€the€visiting€gallery€during€his€visits€except€that€he€would€eat€lunch€in€the€picnicÏarea.€€He€testified€that€he€and€his€visitors€would€always€sit€at€a€table€next€to€theÏdefendant.€€He€testified€that€he€did€not€recall€the€defendant€ever€sitting€down€reading€toÏthe€children.ÌÌà ¸ àJames€Turner,€an€inmate€at€Turney€Center,€testified€that€he€was€mostÏlikely€in€and€out€of€the€visiting€gallery€on€July€22,€August€5€and€August€12.€€€He€statedÏthat€the€defendant€would€sometimes€read€books€to€the€children.€€He€stated€that€he€hadÏnever€seen€any€sexual€impropriety€on€the€part€of€the€defendant€while€he€was€in€theÏvisiting€gallery.ÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ¸ àPete€Lomax,€a€correctional€officer€at€Turney€Center,€testified€that€whileÏmonitoring€the€visiting€gallery€on€August€12,€he€saw€K.B.€with€the€defendant€but€that€heÏhas€never€seen€anything€sexual€occur€between€the€defendant€and€K.B.€or€anyone€else.€ÏHe€stated€that€he€never€saw€Kristin€Lloyd€close€to€the€defendant.€€He€testified€that€whileÏon€visitation€duty,€a€correctional€officer€would€be€in€and€out€of€the€observation€cubicle.€ÏHe€related€that€because€of€the€number€of€other€responsibilities€the€officers€had€whileÏworking€at€the€annex€and€because€of€the€number€of€inmates€and€visitors€in€the€visitingÏgallery,€it€would€be€impossible€to€know€everything€that€occurred€during€visitation.ÌÌà ¸ àNicky€Jordan,€an€inmate€relations€coordinator€assigned€to€Turney€Center,Ïtestified€that€he€was€on€duty€in€the€visitation€area€on€July€22,€1995.€€He€stated€that€whileÏhe€was€on€duty,€he€would€either€be€in€the€picnic€area€or€sitting€at€the€defendantððs€tableÏbecause€it€was€beside€the€window€that€overlooked€the€picnic€area.€€He€testified€that€onÏone€occasion€while€he€was€sitting€at€the€table€with€the€defendant,€K.B.€and€J.B.€ran€upÏto€them€and€climbed€onto€their€laps.€€He€stated€that€he€and€the€defendant€both€put€theÏchildren€down.€€He€testified€that€he€then€told€the€defendant€that€he€wished€the€childrenÏwould€not€climb€onto€their€laps€because€one€day€someone€might€get€a€negativeÏimpression.€€He€testified€that€this€was€the€only€occasion€that€he€ever€saw€a€child€sit€inÏthe€defendantððs€lap.€€He€stated€that€he€did€not€see€the€defendant€lift€J.B.€€He€stated€thatÏhe€had€never€seen€the€defendant€involved€in€any€misconduct.€€Jordan€testified€that€heÏknew€that€the€defendant€had€lent€money€to€several€of€the€inmates€in€Turney€Center€andÏthat€œthe€money›€went€to€the€defendantððs€family€when€the€inmates€paid€him€back.ÌÌà ¸ àAt€the€close€of€its€case„in„chief,€the€state€elected€the€first€incident€relatedÏby€Constance€Elaine€Allen€for€count€six€of€the€indictment,€and€the€trial€judge€permittedÏthe€state€to€change€the€date€in€count€six€from€July€22€to€August€5.€€Count€one€of€theÏâ âindictment€initially€charged€the€defendant€with€rape€of€a€child,€but€the€state€amendedÐ À5¸.4 Мthe€charge›€to€aggravated€sexual€battery€at€the€end€of€its€case„in„chief.€€The€juryÏconvicted€the€defendant€of€six€counts€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Ìâ âÌà@““ Dàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ l d Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€fails€to€show€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt€that€he€had€sexual€contact€with€any€of€the€victims,€although€he€doesÏnot€point€to€any€specific€shortcoming€in€the€evidence.€€Aggravated€sexual€battery€isÏð ðunlawful€sexual€contact€with€a€victim€by€the€defendantðð€when€ð ð[œt]he›€victim€is€less€thanÏthirteen€(13)€years€of€age.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a)(4).€ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àð ðSexual€contactðð€includes€the€intentional€touching€of€theÏvictimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€any€other€personððs€intimateÏparts,€or€the€intentional€touching€of€the€clothing€coveringÏthe€immediate€area€of€the€victimððs,€the€defendantððs,€orÏany€other€personððs€intimate€parts,€if€that€intentionalÏtouching€can€be€reasonably€construed€as€being€for€theÏpurpose€of€sexual€arousal€or€gratification.Ð ¸ x¸ x ЀÌÓÓÓ  ÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(6).€€ð ðððIntimate€œpartsðð›€includes€the€primary€genital€area,Ïgroin,€inner€thigh,€buttock€or€breast€of€a€human€being.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„¼501(2).Ì€€€€€€Ìà ¸ àThe€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questionedÏon€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ 8)0"& Ðcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.Ð +ü#( Ð2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€do€not€reweigh€the€œevidence›€but€presume€thatÏthe€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonable€inferencesÏfrom€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547Ð h0`). Ð(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ð 42,+0 Ðà ¸ à€€Ìà ¸ àRelative€to€count€one€of€the€amended€indictment,€Kristen€Lloyd€testifiedÏthat€in€August€1995,€the€defendant€touched€her€ð ðprivate€placeðð€under€her€clothing.€€Ð ˜706 ÐWith€regard€to€count€two€of€the€indictment,€Louise€Timmons€testified€that€on€August€12,Ï1995,€she€saw€the€defendant€touch€K.B.ððs€genitals.€€Relating€to€count€three€of€theÏindictment,€Joy€œLamberson›€and€Kimberly€Brown€testified€that€they€saw€the€defendantÏtouch€J.B.€under€her€clothing€in€the€genital€area.€€Relative€to€count€four€of€theÏindictment,€Louise€Timmons€testified€that€on€August€12,€1995,€she€saw€the€defendantÏmoving€his€hand€up€and€down€inside€J.B.ððs€shorts€in€her€genital€area.€€€Regarding€countÏfive€of€the€indictment,€Joy€Lamberson€and€Kimberly€Brown€testified€that€they€observedÏthe€defendant€touching€K.B.ððs€genital€area€and€rubbing€his€own€genital€area€againstÏK.B.ððs€bottom.€€As€to€count€six€of€the€indictment,€Constance€Elaine€Allen€testified€thatÏon€August€5,€1995,€she€saw€the€defendant€put€his€hand€inside€K.B.ððs€shorts€and€touchÏhis€genitals.€€€Viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€thisÏtestimony€is€sufficient€to€show€that€the€defendant€touched€the€victimsðð€intimate€parts.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€evidence€is€also€sufficient€for€the€jury€to€conclude€that€the€defendantððsÏpurpose€for€the€touching€was€sexual€arousal€or€gratification.€€The€repetitive€nature€ofÏthe€conduct€occurring€on€three€different€dates€with€three€different€victims€weighs€againstÏaccident€or€inadvertence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Binionóó,€947€S.W.2d€867,€872€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð È#À  Ð1996)€(stating€that€the€victimððs€testimony€reflected€that€the€touching€was€purposeful€andÏnot€accidental).€€Also,€the€very€nature€of€how€and€where€the€defendant€touched€theÏvictims€indicates€that€the€touches€were€for€sexual€purposes.€€Furthermore,€LouiseÏœTimmons›€testified€that€when€the€defendant€noticed€that€she€was€watching€him€touchÏK.B.ððs€genitals,€he€put€K.B.€down€from€his€lap.€€She€also€stated€that€when€the€defendantÏrealized€that€she€had€seen€him€touching€J.B.ððs€genital€area,€he€sent€J.B.€outside.€€FromÏthis€œevidence,›€the€jury€could€reasonably€infer€that€the€defendant€did€not€want€anyone€toÏsee€him€touching€the€children€in€this€way.€€€In€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€179Ð (2 +0 Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€€this€court€held€that€one€factor€from€which€the€jury€could€inferÏthe€defendantððs€purpose€of€sexual€gratification€was€the€timing€of€the€incidents„„the€factÏthat€the€defendant€waited€until€the€victimððs€mother€was€out€of€the€house.€€In€the€presentÐ Œ7„06 Ðcase,€the€fact€that€the€œdefendant€wanted›€to€touch€the€victims€when€no€one€was€lookingÏshows€that€his€purpose€was€for€sexual€arousal€or€gratification.€€Thus,€the€evidence€isÏsufficient€to€support€the€convictions.€€€ÌœÌ›à@ee$Dàò òII.€€SEPARATE€OFFENSESó óˆÐ 80 Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€forÏa€judgment€of€acquittal€because€the€evidence€relative€to€counts€two€and€six€merelyÏcorroborates€the€offense€charged€in€count€five,€and€the€evidence€relative€to€count€fourÏmerely€corroborates€the€offense€charged€in€count€three.€€Thus,€the€defendant€arguesÏthat€counts€two,€five€and€six€are€really€the€same€incident€and€that€counts€three€and€fourÏare€the€same€incident.€€The€defendant€argues€that€to€be€charged€and€convicted€multipleÏtimes€for€these€two€incidents€violates€the€double€jeopardy€and€due€process€provisionsÏof€the€United€States€and€Tennessee€Constitutions.Ì€Ìà ¸ àIn€reviewing€a€motion€for€a€judgment€of€acquittal,€the€standard€for€theÏappellate€court€is€the€same€as€that€for€the€trial€court€when€considering€the€motion€at€theÏclose€of€evidence.€€The€court€must€evaluate€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€toÏthe€state,€draw€ð ðall€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€.€.€.€€from€the€evidence€.€.€.€inÏfavor€of€the€stateððs€theoryðð€and€dismiss€all€conflicting€evidence€presented€by€theÏdefense.€€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€916€S.W.2d€471,€473€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.Ð 8)0"& ÐThompsonóó,€549€S.W.2d€943,€946€(Tenn.€1977).€€The€defendant€seeks€to€have€thisÐ +ü#( Ðcourt€disregard€the€testimony€as€to€the€dates€that€the€witnesses€saw€the€defendantÏcommit€the€offenses€when€considering€the€similarity€of€the€offenses€in€the€separateÏcounts.€€œThe›€stateððs€witnesses€testified€to€the€specific€dates€on€which€they€observed€theÏdefendant€commit€the€offenses.€€They€were€separate€dates.€€Viewing€this€evidence€inÏthe€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€trial€court€properly€denied€the€defendantððsÏmotion€for€a€judgment€of€acquittal.ÌÐ ˜706 Ðà@W W Dàò òIII.€€MAXIMUM€AND€CONSECUTIVE€SENTENCESó óˆÐ  Ðà ¸ àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€aÏRange€œIII,›€persistent€offender€to€the€maximum€sentence€of€thirty€years€per€count.€€TheÏtrial€court€ordered€the€defendant€to€serve€all€six€thirty„year€sentences€consecutively€toÏeach€other€for€a€total€sentence€of€one€hundred€eighty€years.€€The€trial€court€ordered€theÏdefendant€to€serve€the€sentences€consecutively€to€the€sentences€he€is€currently€servingÏin€the€Department€of€Correction.€€ÌÌà ¸ àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€aÐ tl Ðpresumption€that€the€trial€courtððs€determinations€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼401(d).€€As€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€this€section€note,€the€burden€isÏnow€on€the€defendant€to€show€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€€This€means€that€if€theÏtrial€court€follows€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€makes€findings€of€fact€that€areÏadequately€supported€by€the€record€and€gives€due€consideration€and€proper€applicationÏof€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€under€the€1989€SentencingÏAct,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€is€preferable.€€òòState€v.Ð " ÐFletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ð Ô#Ì  Ѐ€Ìà ¸ àð ðHowever,€the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trialÏcourtððs€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trialÏcourt€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€œAshby›óó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€this€respect,€for€the€purpose€ofÐ Ð,È%* Ðmeaningful€appellate€review,ÌÓÓà8 ¸ àthe€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€forÏarriving€at€the€final€sentencing€decision,€identify€theÏmitigating€and€enhancement€factors€found,€state€theÏspecific€facts€supporting€each€enhancement€factorÏfound,€and€articulate€how€the€mitigating€andÏenhancement€factors€have€been€evaluated€andÏbalanced€in€determining€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„210(f).Ð ¸ x¸ x ЀÌÓÓœòòState›€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599€(Tenn.€1994).€€œÐ ~8v17 Їà ¸ àThe›€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€for€a€Class€B€felony€isÏpresumptively€the€minimum€in€the€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€factors€present.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€theÏsentence€within€the€range€based€upon€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors€and,€then,Ïreduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€any€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„¼35„210(d),(e).€€œFor›€the€purpose€of€œappellate€review,›€the€trial€court€must€preserve€in€theÏrecord€the€factors€it€found€to€apply€and€the€specific€findings€of€fact€upon€which€it€appliedÏthe€sentencing€principles€to€arrive€at€the€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð œ”  Ð209(c),€210(f).ÌÌà@‰‰%Dàò òA.€€MAXIMUM€SENTENCEó óˆÐ ø Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€rejecting€two€of€theÏmitigating€factors€he€presented€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€For€this€reason,€theÏdefendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€sentencing€him€to€theÏmaximum€sentence€or€to€any€term€in€excess€of€twenty€years€for€each€count.€Ìà ¸ àÌ€€à ¸ àAs€a€Range€III,€persistent€offender€convicted€of€a€Class€B€felony,€theÐ Ô#Ì  Ðpossible€range€of€punishment€for€the€defendant€was€twenty€to€thirty€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð  %˜" ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(c)(2).€€The€trial€court€imposed€the€maximum€sentence€of€thirtyÏœyears,›€finding€the€following€three€enhancement€factors€œas€listed›€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„114:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ à(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(6)€The€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€.€.€.€the€victimÏ[were]€particularly€great;€[and]Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(15)€The€defendant€abused€a€position€of€public€orÏprivate€œtrust›€.€.€œ.€.›Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓThrough€our€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€record,€we€believe€that€œthe€trial€court€properlyÐ ²6ª/5 Ðapplied€factors€(1)€and€(15)€but€erred€by€applying€factor€(6).›Ð ~8v17 Їà ¸ àWith€regard€to€enhancement€factor€(1),€the€trial€court€found€that€theÏdefendant€had€an€extensive€history€of€criminal€convictions€well€beyond€that€needed€toÏqualify€him€as€a€Range€III,€persistent€offender.€€Certified€copies€of€prior€convictionsÏshow€the€defendant€had€been€convicted€in€1989€of€two€counts€of€grand€larceny,€a€ClassÏD€felony;€sixteen€counts€of€obtaining€money€in€an€amount€over€two€hundred€dollarsÏunder€false€pretenses,€a€Class€D€felony;€seven€counts€of€the€attempt€to€obtain€moneyÏby€false€pretenses,€a€Class€E€felony;€and€œtwenty„five›€counts€of€mishandling€a€deadÏbody,€a€misdemeanor.€€The€defendant€committed€the€offenses€over€a€number€of€œyears,›Ïand€they€arose€from€the€defendantððs€involvement€in€the€funeral€business.€€TheÏpresentence€report€also€reflects€that€the€defendant€was€convicted€in€1979€of€one€countÏof€larceny€of€drugs׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€two€counts€of€possession€of€schedule€II€drugs€for€resale,€aÐ ø ÐClass€C€felony.€€Needless€to€say,€factor€(1)€is€entitled€to€considerable€weight.ÌÌà ¸ àEnhancement€factor€(6)€requires€a€finding€that€the€personal€injury€sufferedÏby€the€victim€was€particularly€great.€€Every€instance€of€sexual€battery€presents€theÏpotential€for€mental€and€physical€injury,€and€the€legislature€considered€the€traumaÏinherent€within€these€acts€when€it€placed€sexual€battery€within€the€second€highestÏfelony€class.€€òòState€v.€œKissenger›óó,€922€S.W.2d€482,€487€(Tenn.€1996).€€Also,€a€childÐ ”%Œ" Ðvictimððs€age€alone€does€not€render€the€injuries€received€particularly€great€because€theÏlegislature€has€already€factored€in€the€victimððs€age€as€an€aggravating€factor€inÏaggravated€sexual€battery.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Melvinóó,€913€S.W.2d€195,€204€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ø*ð#( ÐApp.€1995).€€For€enhancement€factor€(6)€to€apply,€the€injuries€to€the€victims€must€beÏgreater€than€those€which€ordinarily€occur€in€this€type€of€crime.€€òòState€v.€œHoyt›óó,€928Ð .ˆ', ÐS.W.2d€935,€948€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòMelvinóó,€913€S.W.2d€at€204.€€Ð \0T). ÐÌà ¸ àWith€regard€to€enhancement€factor€(6),€the€trial€court€cited€no€evidence€œtoÏshow€that€the›€victims€have€experienced€any€psychological€injury.€€The€trial€court€statedÐ À5¸.4 Ðthat€when€sexual€battery€is€committed€upon€victims€under€thirteen€years€of€age,€ð ðthatððsÏgenerally€deemed€more€than€enough€proof€to€show€psychological€or€personal€injury€asÏopposed€to€bodily€injury.ðð€€Though€psychological€and€emotional€injury€do€constituteÏpersonal€injury€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6),€the€state€has€the€burden€ofÏproving€that€these€types€of€injuries€were€ð ðparticularly€greatðð€before€this€factor€can€apply.€ÏòòœHoyt›óó,€928€S.W.2d€at€948.€€œIn€the€present€case,›€the€trial€court€cited€no€specific€facts€toÐ ü  Ðsupport€this€enhancement€factor,€and€we€find€none€in€the€record.€€We€note,€though,€thatÏthe€trial€court€gave€this€factor€little€weight.ÌÌà ¸ àEnhancement€factor€(15)€applies€when€the€defendant€abuses€a€position€ofÏpublic€or€private€trust.€€A€position€of€trust€exists€when€the€defendantððs€formal€or€informalÏrelationship€with€the€victim€ð ðpromoted€confidence,€reliability,€or€faith.ðð€€òòœKissenger›óó,€922Ð ÌÄ ÐS.W.2d€at€488.€€The€trial€court€found€enhancement€factor€(15)€to€be€supported€by€trialÏtestimony€which€established€that€the€defendant€was€put€in€charge€of€the€kidððs€corner€byÏan€inmate€organization€called€P.A.C.E.€that€sought€to€facilitate€interaction€between€theÏinmates€and€their€children.€€In€this€capacity,€the€defendant€met€with€the€visiting€œchildren›Ïwho€relied€upon€him€to€distribute€books€and€coloring€supplies€and€to€operate€theÏtelevision.€€€We€believe€that€factor€(15)€applies.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€trial€court€rejected€the€mitigating€factors€offered€by€the€defendant€atÏthe€sentencing€hearing,€finding€that€no€mitigating€factors€existed.€€The€defendantÏargued€that€his€criminal€conduct€did€not€cause€or€threaten€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóóÐ Ä,¼%* ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1).€€While€noting€that€it€was€not€using€bodily€injury€as€anÏenhancing€factor,€the€trial€court€stated:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àà8¸ x¸ xàI€canððt€say€unequivocally€that€yourÏconduct€did€not€cause€or€threaten€bodilyÏinjury.€€You€have€been€convicted€of€sixÏcounts.€€I€have€no€way€of€knowing€whatÏother€things€might€have€or€could€haveÏtaken€place€had€you€not€been€observedÏor€caught.Ð    МÓ  ÓÓÓÐ r8j17 ÐThe›€trial€court€did€not€refer€to€any€factual€findings€as€to€bodily€injury.€€€The€trial€courtÏmay€not€use€speculation€about€unproven€or€potential€crimes€to€reject€the€defendantððsÏmitigating€factor.€€€In€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€187€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€œ1995),€theÐ   ˜ Ðdefendant€was›€convicted€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€for€touching€his€twelve„year„oldÏdaughterððs€breast€once€on€the€outside€of€her€clothing€and€once€under€her€clothing.€œÌThis€court€concluded€that€the€defendant€should€have€received€the€benefit€of€mitigatingÏfactor€(1)€because€his€criminal€conduct€was€not€aggravated.€›€œòòId.óó›€at€179.€€Likewise,€in€theÐ ÐÈ  Ðinstant€case,€there€was€no€evidence€that€the€defendant€caused€or€threatened€bodilyÏinjury.€€Thus,€mitigating€factor€(1)€should€have€been€weighed€in€establishing€theÏsentence.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€also€offered€his€college€education€and€post„graduateÏtraining€in€embalming€as€a€mitigating€factor.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).€Ð ˜ ÐThe€trial€court€rejected€this€factor,€finding€that€the€defendantððs€education€was€a€factorÏweighing€against€him€rather€than€for€him€because€he€used€this€training€in€the€field€ofÏundertaking€to€perpetrate€the€crimes€for€which€he€was€serving€his€initial€sentence.€€ThisÏfinding€is€supported€by€the€certified€copies€of€the€defendantððs€prior€convictions€and€byÏthe€presentence€report.€€As€previously€noted,€it€is€within€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€toÏdetermine€the€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€so€long€as€the€purposes€andÏprinciples€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€are€served,€and€the€trial€courtððs€findings€areÏadequately€supported€by€the€record.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210,€SentencingÏCommission€Comments;€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€Ð Ä,¼%* ÐWe€do€not€believe€that€the€trial€court€abused€œits›€discretion.€€Although€we€agree€with€theÏœdefendant›€œthat›€the€absence€of€actual€or€threatened€serious€bodily€injury€should€haveÏbeen€considered€as€a€mitigating€factor,€we€believe€that€even€considering€this€factor,€theÏrecord€fully€supports€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€thirty„year€sentences.€€ÌÌœñ`ñÐ Œ7„06 Ðñ`ñ›à@))"Dàò òB.€€CONSECUTIVE€SENTENCINGó óˆÐ  Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€theÏsentences€to€be€served€consecutively€to€each€other€and€to€his€previous€sentences.€€TheÏdefendant€claims€that€the€criteria€relied€upon€by€the€trial€court€in€ordering€theÏconsecutive€sentences€was€not€established€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.ÌÌà ¸ àConsecutive€sentencing€is€guided€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b),Ïwhich€states€in€pertinent€part:€ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àœThe›€court€may€order€sentences€to€run€consecutively€ifÏthe€court€finds€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that:Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(1)€The€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€hasÏknowingly€devoted€such€defendantððs€life€to€criminal€actsÏas€a€major€source€of€livelihood;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(2)€The€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€ofÏcriminal€activity€is€extensive;€[or]Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à.€.€.€.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à.€.€.€.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(5)€The€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€moreÏstatutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minorÏwith€consideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstancesÏarising€from€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€andÏthe€victim€or€victims,€the€time€span€of€defendantððsÏundetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€theÏsexual€acts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€andÏmental€damage€to€the€victims.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌœÓ  ÓÓÓAlso,›€ð ðconsecutive€sentences€cannot€be€imposed€unless€the€terms€reasonably€relate€toÏthe€severity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€publicÏfrom€further€serious€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant.ðð€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905Ð ¶-®&+ ÐS.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà ¸ àIn€the€present€case,€the€trial€court€found€the€defendant€to€be€aÏprofessional€criminal€devoting€himself€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(1).€€To€support€this€finding,€the€trial€court€cited€thisÐ ²6ª/5 Ðcourtððs€approval€of€such€status€assigned€to€the€defendant€by€the€Robertson€County€trialÐ ~8v17 Ðcourt€regarding€his€1989€convictions.€€Looking€to€the€former€convictions,€the€trial€courtÏhad€already€œnoted,›€with€regard€to€the€enhancement€factor€œ(1),›€that€the€offensesÏoccurred€over€a€sustained€period€of€time€and€represented€an€elaborate€process€ofÏdefrauding€persons€and€treating€inappropriately€both€the€deceased€and€their€familiesÏwho€were€grieving.€€With€respect€to€the€defendantððs€education,€the€trial€court€recognizedÏthat€the€defendant€had€used€the€profession€of€undertaking€to€abuse€the€rights€of€others.€ÏAs€the€trial€court€noted,€though,€the€defendant€had€not€been€a€professional€criminal€forÏthe€years€he€had€served€in€prison.€€The€record€reflects€that€at€the€time€of€sentencing,Ïthe€defendant€had€been€incarcerated€for€about€eight€years.€€Needless€to€say,€theÏdefendant€has€not€knowingly€devoted€the€past€eight€years€to€criminal€acts€as€a€majorÏsource€of€his€livelihood.€€Given€the€amount€of€time€that€has€elapsed€since€the€defendantÏwas€proven€to€have€devoted€himself€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood,€weÏdo€not€believe€that€the€defendant€was€shown€to€be€a€professional€criminal€for€theÏpurposes€of€sentencing€in€this€case.€€In€any€event,€the€record€reflects€that€the€trialÏcourtððs€sentencing€determination€would€have€been€the€same€regardless€of€the€findingÏunder€subsection€(1).ÌÌà ¸ àThe€trial€court€found€that€the€defendant€had€an€extensive€criminal€record.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(2).€€The€trial€court€had€explored€this€criminal€recordÐ `'X $ Ðwhen€discussing€enhancement€factor€(1),€finding€that€over€forty€convictions€remainedÏafter€excluding€the€five€used€to€determine€the€defendantððs€sentencing€range.€€TheÏpresentence€report€and€the€certified€copies€of€the€defendantððs€prior€convictionsÏoverwhelmingly€support€this€finding.€€ÌÌà ¸ àFinally,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€defendant€had€been€convicted€of€twoÏor€more€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€and€that€the€relationship€betweenÏthe€defendant€and€the€victims€presented€an€aggravating€circumstance.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð À5¸.4 ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(5).€€The€court€stated€that€the€defendant€held€a€position€ofÐ Œ7„06 Ðresponsibility€with€respect€to€the€kidððs€corner.€€That€position€was€given€to€him€by€hisÏfellow€inmates,€and€it€gave€him€special€rights€to€contact€with€these€children.€€In€œòòHayesóó,›Ð ÔÌ Ðthis€court€found€that€although€the€state€argued€that€a€relationship€existed€œbecause›€theÏdefendant€was€the€victimððs€father,€the€remaining€elements€of€subsection€(5)€were€notÏœmet.€€899€S.W.2d€atñ_ñ€ñ_ñ187.€€ð ðThere›€was€no€significant€time€span€of€undetected€sexualÏactivity,€the€nature€of€the€criminal€conduct€was€œnonaggravated›,€and€the€extent€ofÏresidual€damage€to€the€victim€caused€by€the€conduct€is€not€sufficiently€shown.ðð€€òòId.óó€€TheÐ ÐÈ  Ðpresent€case€mirrors€òòHayesóó.€€The€offenses€occurred€on€three€Saturdays€in€a€four€weekÐ œ”  Ðtime€span,€the€criminal€conduct€was€similarly€œnonaggravated›,€and€no€residual€damageÏhas€been€presented.€€Furthermore,€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€theÏvictims€in€the€instant€case€is€even€more€attenuated€than€in€òòHayesóó.€€The€record€does€notÐ ø Ðsupport€a€finding€under€subsection€(5).ÌÌà ¸ àWe€conclude€that€the€record€supports€the€trial€courtððs€findings€underÏsubsection€„115(2).€€However,€the€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€did€not€consider€theÏpresence€of€other€factors€that€are€necessary€in€order€to€impose€consecutive€sentences.€ÏAs€previously€noted,€our€supreme€court€has€mandated€that€ð ðconsecutive€sentencesÏcannot€be€imposed€unless€the€terms€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€offensesÏcommitted€and€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€public€from€further€serious€criminalÏconduct€by€the€defendant.ðð€€òòœWilkerson›óó,€905€S.W.2d€at€938.€€€Also,€pursuant€to€RuleÐ ,)$"& Ð32(c)(1),€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.,€the€trial€court€must€ð ðspecifically€recite€the€reasonsðð€behindÏits€imposition€of€a€consecutive€sentence.€€Such€was€not€done€in€this€case.€€Thus,€ourÏreview€of€consecutive€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€without€a€presumption€that€the€trial€courtððsÐ .ˆ', Ðdeterminations€are€correct.ÌÌà ¸ à€As€the€state€suggests,€the€trial€courtððs€comments€about€the€nature€andÏcircumstances€surrounding€the€offenses€can€be€interpreted€to€mean€that€the€courtÏbelieved€that€the€public€needed€to€be€secure€from€the€defendantððs€future€criminalÐ Œ7„06 Ðconduct.€€However,€there€is€nothing€to€justify€œa€one›€hundred€œeighty„year€sentence›€forÏpublic€security€nor€is€there€any€indication€that€such€an€effective€sentence€carries€anyÏreasonable€relationship€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed.€€ÌÌà ¸ àð ðThe€sentence€imposed€should€be€the€least€severe€measure€necessary€toÏachieve€the€purposes€for€which€the€sentence€is€imposed.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼103(4).€€The€circumstances€surrounding€the€offenses€and€the€extent€of€the€defendantððsÏcriminal€history€justify€a€substantial€sentence,€but€under€all€of€the€circumstances,€weÏconclude€that€a€sentence€of€sixty€years€will€protect€the€public€and€adequately€reflect€theÏseverity€of€the€defendantððs€offenses.€€In€this€respect,€we€note€that€we€may€considerÏwhether€or€not€the€effective,€total€sentence€will€meet€the€principles€and€purposes€of€theÏ1989€Sentencing€Act€when€assessing€what€weight€œto€apply›€to€those€factors€which€affectÏboth€the€length€of€each€sentence€for€the€involved€offenses€and€the€consecutiveÏsentencing€decision.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€888€S.W.2d.€786,€788€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð d\ Ð1994).€€We€conclude€that€the€thirty„year€sentences€imposed€for€the€convictions€onÏcounts€one,€two,€and€three€are€to€be€served€concurrently€with€each€other.€€The€thirty„¼year€sentences€for€the€convictions€in€counts€œfour,€five,›€and€six€are€to€be€servedÏconcurrently€to€each€other€but€consecutively€to€counts€one€through€three.€€TheÏsentences€shall€be€served€consecutively€to€the€defendantððs€previously€imposedÏsentences.ÌÌò òà@jj*DàIV.€€FINESó óˆÐ Ä,¼%* Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€approving€andÏadopting€the€maximum€fine€of€twenty„five€thousand€dollars€for€each€of€the€six€counts€asÏset€by€the€jury.€€He€asserts€that€(1)€the€trial€court€declared€him€to€be€indigent,€(2)€he€hasÏbeen€incarcerated€œsince›€November€2,€1988,€(3)€he€presently€has€no€assets€and€noÏâ âliabilities,€and€(4)€he€faces€lengthy€incarceration€under€the€trial€courtððs€sentence€in€thisÐ Ì5Ä.4 Ðcase.€€For€these€reasons,€the€defendant€contends€the€fines€are€excessive€and€shouldÏbe€eliminated.€Ìâ âÌà ¸ àThe€appellate€court€has€the€authority€to€review€fines€as€a€part€of€theÏsentence.€€òòState€v.€Bryantóó,€805€S.W.2d€762,€767€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€appellate€courtððsÐ 80 Ðreview€of€the€sentence€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€with€a€presumption€that€the€trial€courtððsÐ ü  Ðdeterminations€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€defendantððs€abilityÏto€pay€is€a€factor€to€weigh€in€setting€the€fine.€€òòState€v.€œAlvarado›óó,€961€S.W.2d€136,€153Ð œ”  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€However,€it€is€not€a€controlling€factor.€€ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ à[œA]n›€oppressive€fine€can€disrupt€future€rehabilitation€andÏprevent€a€defendant€from€becoming€a€productiveÏmember€of€society.€€.€.€.€.€€However,€a€significant€fine€isÏnot€automatically€precluded€just€because€it€works€aÏsubstantial€hardship€on€a€defendant„„it€may€be€punitiveÏin€the€same€fashion€incarceration€may€be€punitive.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌÓÓòòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€542€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).òòÐ ~v ÐóóÌÓ  Óà ¸ àAlthough€the€jury€is€to€ð ðfixðð€the€amount€of€the€fine€and€report€it€with€a€guiltyÏverdict,€it€is€the€trial€œcourtððs›€œobligation›€to€impose€a€fine€not€to€exceed€that€fixed€by€a€œjury›Ïas€part€of€the€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„301(b);€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œBlevins›óó,Ð ®$¦! Ð968€S.W.2d€888,€895€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€The€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€a€fineÏshould€be€based€upon€the€factors€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€such€asÏprior€history,€potential€for€rehabilitation,€financial€means,€and€mitigating€and€enhancingÏfactors€relevant€to€an€appropriate,€total€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòBryantóó,€805€S.W.2d€at€766.€€InÐ Þ+Ö$) Ðthe€present€case,€the€trial€court€merely€adopted€the€fines€imposed€by€the€jury€withoutÏfurther€discussion€or€consideration.€€As€previously€noted,€failure€to€follow€theÏprocedures€required€by€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€results€in€our€reviewing€the€matter€òòdeóóÐ B1:*/ Ðòònovoóó€without€a€presumption€that€the€trial€court€is€correct.Ð 3,1 ÐÌà ¸ àThe€trial€court€did€not€discuss€the€defendantððs€financial€means€or€hisÏpotential€for€rehabilitation.€€In€his€Uniform€Affidavit€of€Indigency,€the€defendant€statedÐ r8j17 Ðthat€he€makes€thirty„four€cents€per€hour€for€six€hours€a€day€at€Turney€Center€where€heÏhas€been€incarcerated€since€1988.€€In€this€document,€the€defendant€also€related€that€heÏœhas›€no€assets€and€œhas›€not€filed€an€income€tax€return€since€1986.€€The€defendant€wasÏdeclared€indigent€and€appointed€counsel€œat›€his€indigency€hearing€on€February€20,€1996.€ÏWe€note,€though,€that€a€witness€testified€at€the€trial€that€the€defendant€was€known€as€aÏð ðmoney€lenderðð€to€other€inmates.€€However,€the€record€contains€no€other€indication€œthatÏhe›€had€any€financial€means.̛̜à ¸ àThe€record€does€not€support€a€conclusion€that€the€defendant€has€theÏability€to€pay€a€substantial€fine.€€However,€as€previously€noted,€this€does€not€mean€thatÏwe€cannot€impose€a€meaningful€fine€due€to€the€defendantððs€indigency.€€In€considerationÏof€all€the€circumstances€of€this€œcase,›€including€the€defendantððs€personal€circumstances,Ïwe€impose€a€fine€of€five€thousand€dollars€for€each€of€the€six€counts€for€a€total€of€thirtyÏthousand€dollars.ÌÌà ¸ àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€theÏdefendantððs€convictions€for€aggravated€sexual€battery€are€affirmed.€€The€thirty„yearÏsentences€imposed€in€counts€one€through€three€are€affirmed,€but€they€are€to€be€servedÏconcurrently€with€each€other.€€The€thirty„year€sentences€for€counts€four€through€six€areÏaffirmed€and€are€to€be€served€concurrently€with€each€other€but€consecutively€to€theÏsentences€for€counts€one€through€œthree€for€an€effective€sentence€of€sixty€years.›€€All€theÏsentences€are€to€be€served€consecutively€to€the€defendantððs€previously€imposedÏsentences.€€The€defendant€shall€be€fined€five€thousand€dollars€on€each€count€for€a€totalÏfine€of€thirty€thousand€dollars.ÌÌÓÓà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ ô3ì,2 Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌÌœñañÌÐ r8j17 ÐñañCONCUR:›ÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ º ² ÐDavid€œñiñG.›€ñiñ›œñiñHayesñiññjñH.€Wellesñjññcñ,€ñcññdññcñjUDGEñcññdññfññeñuñeññfññgñJudgeñgñ›ÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ R J МñhñDavid€ñhññkñG.€HayesñkññlññhñH.€Wellesñhññlññhñ,€Judgeñhñ›