WPC  P;)^)ք860VdOSZZ0Ko.CؽE 0w+lc0{D'gfN[T%s V8. '3JR%j ʰ{oB)G PoxdzH;{`I0DI&t-(z$d<aRL fR3/P˒D7xG4}'D`" t$F~>^\\3#IfP͈%}IHHZZ ,1gVF/,U:I % 0( 0w@d4U: U:                    AQE 0D\ 0D 0D D/( BW Bt D3 HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6HPBXLB0nLl,cAZ"Arial RegularX($(c(2ar$ !  X&^&XX   `   0   mnoDpDqUrTeseteuӀn~<$  3|xrAZ"Arial Regular !"   XXXX X X   Ad FILED XX   July22,1999CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerkdAh ,yAZ"Arial Regular !"#%C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  ''' dxd dP Pd&&&&'dxd !  tttsstsrrsrrXTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T  Ӝuur (<,(j 8` `@E ` ttx0X ruut (>.*jxs` `@E}` ttx0 tߛINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEEATJACKSONFEBRUARY1999SESSION  STATEOFTENNESSEE, h     )     `     h     ) p C.C.A.No.02C019809CC00152     ` Appellant,   h     )    `     h     ) p HendersonCounty x  v. `     h     ) ^   `     h     ) p HonorableFranklinMurchison,Judge D  OLIVIAE.WASHBURN, h     ) *z   `     h     ) p (MotiontoSuppressStateAppeal) `  ` Appellee.   h     ) F FORTHEAPPELLANT: h      p FORTHEAPPELLEE: Z rrJOHNKNOXWALKUPrr h      p rrGEORGEM.GOOGErr &v AttorneyGeneral&Reporter     p PublicDefender  \  `     h      p rrMARVINE.CLEMENTS,JR.rr     p rrVANESSAD.KINGrr ( AssistantAttorneyGeneral     p AssistantPublicDefender  425FifthAvenueNorth h      p 227WestBaltimore  Nashville,TN37243 h      p Jackson,TN38301   rrJAMESG.WOODALLDistrictAttorneyGeneral225MartinLutherKingDriveJackson,TN38302BILLR.MARTINAssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral777WestChurchStreetLexington,TN38351rrDistrictAttorneyGeneralrrrrrrOPINIONFILED:___________________________AFFIRMEDANDREMANDEDrrJAMESC.BEASLEY,SR.,SPECIALJUDGE  95;  #XX  rr7XXdXXd7OrrPINION     ` #XX# # TheHendersonCountygrandjuryreturnedatwocountindictmentagainstthe  defendant,OliviaE.Washburn,chargingherwithpossessionofmarijuanaandpossessionofdrugparaphernalia.Afterapretrialhearingonthedefendantsmotiontosuppressevidence,thetrialcourtenteredanordersuppressingthemarijuanabutdenyingthemotiontosuppressthedrugparaphernalia. ` TheissuepresentedinthisRule9appealis:8 ` 8 ` (#` (#Whetherthetrialcourterredingrantingthemotiontosuppressthemarijuanaseizedfromthedefendantspersonandindenyingthemotiontosuppressthe rollingpapersand bongdiscoveredduringawarrantlesssearchofthedefendantsvehicle.    ` Afterreviewingtherecordandapplicableauthorities,weaffirmbothrulingsofthetrialcourt. ` Atthesuppressionhearing,LexingtonPoliceOfficerJeffMiddletontestifiedthatrrherrwasworkingthe10p.m.to6a.m.shiftrronJune28,1997,whenrrhereceivedinformationfromthepolicedispatcherregardinganarcoticstransactionwitnessedattherrMajorrrMarketonWestChurchStreet.AcomplainanthadrrreportedrrseeingawhitefemaleinaredCavalierpassingwhatwasbelievedtobenarcoticstoseveralpersons.ThedispatcherdescribedthevehiclesinvolvedandadvisedtheofficerthatrrtheCavalierrrwasregisteredtothedefendant.Afterdeterminingthatthevehicleswerenolongeratthescene,OfficerMiddletonproceededtowardthedefendantshome.EnroutehemettheredCavalierdrivenbythedefendanttravelingintheoppositedirection.AftermakingaUturn,theofficerfollowedthedefendantanddeterminedthatshewasdrivingfortyfivemilesperhourinafortymilesperhourspeedzone.Otherofficershadbeenalerted,andatotaloffourpolicecarswerefollowingthedefendantsvehicleatthetimeitwasstopped.OfficerMiddletonadvisedthedefendantthatshehadbeenstoppedforspeedingandaskedforandreceivedherdriverslicense.Healsoadvisedherofthecomplaintrrregardingherinvolvementrrinanarcoticstransaction.Thedefendantdeniedanyinvolvementrrand,rrwhen 894: askediftherewasanythinginthevehiclethattheofficerneededtoknowabout,shereplied no.Whenaskedifshehadanyobjectiontotheofficer takingalook,thedefendantresponded no.Middletonthenaskedthedefendanttostepoutofthecar,walkovertoOfficerMichaelHarper,andemptyherpockets.InthecourseofthesearchoftheCavalier,apackageof rollingpaperswasremovedfromthedefendantspursewhichwassittingontheconsoleorfrontseat,anda bongwasfoundunderthefrontseat. ` TheStatenextcalledOfficerMichaelHarperwhotestifiedthathewasrrtravelingbehindrrOfficerMiddletonwhenthedefendantwasstopped.Whenaskedbytheassistantdistrictattorneygeneraltoexplainwhathappenedafterthestop,OfficerHarperrespondedasfollows:'XX hXX'8 ` 8 ` (#` (#A.8 Okay.OfficerMiddletonwalkeduptothecar.He t talkedwithMs.Washburn.Heaskedhertostepoutofthecar.Heaskedherconsenttosearchthevehicle,whichshedidagreeto.Ihadherstandbackwithmeandawayfromthevehicleastheofficers,atthattimeSergeantTonyPowersandPatrolToddBowmanhadarrived.IhadherstandbackwithmewhileOfficerMiddletonsearchedthevehicle.AtthattimeIdidaskherifshehadanythinginherpockets.Ipattedthefrontpocketsofherpants.Ididseefeelthattherewassomethingin[her]pocket.Ididaskherifshewouldnt,wouldsheemptyherpocketsonthehoodofmycar,whichshedid.Atthattimesheputherrrlefthandrrinherbackpocket.Iaskedheragainifshewouldremoveherhandfromherpocket.Shepulleditabouthalfwayinandstuckitbackdown.Iaskedheraboutthreetimestoremoveherhand,beforeshefinallydid.Atthepointthatsheremovedherhandfromherbackleftpocket,thethepantsthatshehadonwasdenimbluejeans,andtheywasreal,realbaggy.Theywerereallooseonher.Atthatpointwhensheremovedherhand,Icouldseethattherewasaplasticbagorsomethinginthebackofherpocketontheleftside.AtthattimeIopenedthepocketupwithmyfingerandseenthattherewassomethinginabaggie.Istuckmyhanddowninherpocketandpulleditup;thenInotifiedOfficerMiddletonthatIhadsomemarijuanathere.     ` Oncrossexamination,OfficerHarperadmittedthathedidnotaskthedefendantforherconsenttosearchherperson.Heexplainedthatthepatdownandsearchwereforhisownsafetytodetermineifthedefendanthadaweapon. 84:  ` Thedefendanttestifiedthatsheconsentedtothesearchofhervehiclebutnotofherperson.Shestatedthatshewastoldtoemptyherpocketsand,thinkingthiswasstandardpoliceprocedure,sheremovedhercigarettelighterandmoney.Shedisputedtheofficerstestimonythatthemarijuanacouldbeseenbeforeheremoveditfromherbackpocket. ` Basedupontheproofsummarizedabove,thetrialcourtfoundthatthedefendantwaslawfullystoppedforrrspeedingrrandrrthatsubsequenttothestopsheknowinglyconsentedtothesearchofhervehiclebutdidnotconsenttothesearchofherperson.Accordingly,thecourtgrantedthemotiontosuppressthemarijuanaseizedinthesearchofthedefendantsperson,butdeniedthemotiontosuppresstherollingpapersandbongrecoveredfromhervehicle. ` Underboththefederalandstateconstitutions,awarrantlesssearchorseizureispresumedrrunreasonable,rrandevidencediscoveredasaresultthereofissubjecttosuppressionunlesstheStatedemonstratesbyapreponderanceoftheevidencethatthesearchorseizurewasconductedpursuanttooneofthenarrowlydefinedexceptionstothewarrantrequirement.Statev.Simpson,968S.W.2d776,780rr(Tenn.rr1998)(citing <#" rrCoolidgerrv.NewHampshire,403U.S.443,45455,91S.Ct.2022,2032,29L.Ed.2d564, %X $ 576(1971);Statev.Watkins,rr827rrS.W.2d293,295(Tenn.1992).Exceptionstothe &$"& warrantrequirementincludesearchesincidenttoalawfularrest,thosemadebyconsent,intherr hotrrrrpursuitrrofafleeingcriminal, stopandfrisksearches,andthosebasedonprobablecauseinthepresenceofexigentcircumstances.Statev.McMahan,650S.W.2d 8,', 383,386(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1983). .T).  ` Atthetriallevel,theprosecutionreliedexclusivelyonthe consentexceptioninseekingrrjustificationforrrthewarrantlesssearchofthedefendantsvehicleandherperson.Itisabundantlyclearfromthetranscriptoftheoralrrruling,rrandtheordersubsequentlyrrentered,rrthatthetrialcourtsdecisiondealtsolelywiththequestionofwhetherornottheStatesproofestablishedconsentbythedefendanttothesearchofherpersonandher 84: vehicle. ` Onappeal,theStatecontinuestorelyonthedefendantsconsenttothevehiclerrsearch,rrbuthasabandonedtheconsentexceptionasthebasisforthesearchrroftherrdefendantspersonandnowarguesthatthemarijuanaisadmissibleundertheprobablecauseandexigentcircumstancesexception.However,sincethistheorywasnotpresentedinthecourtbelowandnorulingsrrweremaderrthereon,wewillconsiderthatissuewaivedandaccordinglylimitourreviewtotheconsentissueastobothsearches.SeeStatev. D  Matthews,805S.W.2d776,781(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1990). `  ` Inherbrief,thedefendantsaysthetrialcourtcorrectlysuppressedtheevidencerecoveredinthesearchofherpersonbuterredinupholdingthesearchofherrrvehiclerr.rrConcedingthelawfulnessofaninitialstopfortheviolationoftrafficlaws,thedefendantarguesthattheofficersconductinthiscaseexceededthejustificationforthestopandwasimproperlyintrusiveandunreasonableunderboththeUnitedStatesandTennesseeConstitutions. ` Whenreviewingatrialcourtsrulingonamotiontosuppress,questionsofcredibilityofthewitnesses,theweightandvalueoftheevidence,andresolutionofconflictsintheevidencearemattersentrustedtothetrialjudgeastrieroffact.Weaffordtothepartyprevailinginthetrialcourtthestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidenceandallreasonableandlegitimateinferencesthatmaybedrawnfromtheevidence.Thefindingsofatrialcourtinasuppressionhearingwillbeupheldunlesstheevidencepreponderatesagainstthosefindings.Statev.Keith,978S.W.2d861,864(Tenn.1998). .T).  ` Aswehaveheretoforenoted,consentvoluntarilyandunderstandinglygivenisanexceptiontotheconstitutionalrequirementofasearchwarrant.Thesufficiencyofconsentdependslargelyuponthefactsandcircumstancesinaparticularcase.Theburdenisontheprosecutiontoprovethatconsentwasfreelyandvoluntarilygiven.Statev.Jackson, 7P28 889S.W.2d219,221(Tenn.Crim.App.1993),per.app.denied(Tenn.1994). 84: Ї ` Fromourreviewoftherecord,wefindthatitcontainsampleevidence,whenviewedinthelightmostfavorabletothepartyprevailinginthetrialcourt,tosupportthatcourtsrulingastoeachsearch.Althoughhesuspectedthatthedefendanthadbeeninvolvedinanarcoticstransaction,theproofshowsthatOfficerMiddletonstoppedheronlyafterdeterminingthatshewasspeeding.Thus,theinitialstopwasvalidunderStatev.  0 rrVineyard,rr958S.W.2d730(Tenn.rr1997).rr     ` Whenassessingwhetheradetentionistoolongtobejustifiedasaninvestigatorystop,theproperinquiryiswhetherduringthedetentionthepolicediligentlypursuedameansofinvestigationthatwaslikelytoconfirmordispeltheirsuspicionquickly.Statev. , Simpson,968S.W.2d776,783(Tenn.1998)(citingUnitedStatesv.Sharpe,470U.S.  675,rr686,rr105rrS.Ct.1568,rr1575,84L.Ed.2d605(1985)).Applyingthatstandardtothefactsreflectedintherecordbeforeus,itisclearthedetentioninthiscasewasnotexcessive.Immediatelyafterthestop,thedefendantwastoldwhyshehadbeenstoppedandrrwasaskedrraboutherinvolvementinthereporteddrugactivity.Atthatpoint,shewasaskedforandgaveconsenttosearchhervehicle.rrrr ` rr Topassconstitutionalmuster,consenttosearchmustbeunequivocal,specific,intelligentlygiven,anduncontaminatedbyduressorcoercion.kklStatev.Brownlm,836 %X $ S.W.2d530,547(Tenn.1992).mnnommokhhklhhloop  pRelativerrtothescopeofthedefendantsconsent,OfficerMiddletonrrtestifiedasrrfollows:8 ` 8 ` (#` (#Q.8 Allright.Now,whenyouaskedherforconsentwas l*%* thatjusttosearchhervehicle?    8 ` 8 ` (#` (#A.8 Inmyminditwasforherselfandthevehicle.Now,that -n(- wasmyintention.WhenIaskedheriftherewasanythinginsidethevehicle,shewasinsidethevehicle,andthatwasmyintention.    8 ` 8 ` (#` (#Q.8 Didsheinanywayobjecttothat?1,2   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#A.8 No,shedidnot.h3.4   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#Q.8 Didsheconsenttothat,inyouropinion?4506   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#A.8 Yes.WhenIaskedhertoemptyherpocketsout,she 7P28 begantodoso.Tomethatwasconsensual.    Thedefendanttestifiedatthesuppressionhearingthatshewasaskedforandgave 95; permissiontosearchhervehicle,butwasnotaskedforanddidnotconsenttothesearchofherperson. ` Theproofinthisrecordfallsshortofestablishingthatthedefendantfreelyandvoluntarilyconsentedtothesearchofherperson.Accordingly,weaffirmthetrialcourtsrulingssuppressingthemarijuanaanddenyingthemotiontosuppressthe rollingpapersand bongandremandthecausetothetrialcourtforfurtherproceedings.rrqqrr XXXX `    h     ________________________________________ ,  `    h     JAMESC.BEASLEY,SR.,SPECIALJUDGECONCUR:____________________________________JOHNH.PEAY,JUDGE____________________________________JOEG.RILEY,JUDGE#XXX X9C# `