ÿWPCµ ©Z-$/˨ºë…tÚ}~(#J/+–ßþ—›‹ø–5Ä9¸$,8Í™thcf¸|Dî‰Ö‚pØÛµ i¨:9¤+n£S/j¯Ça£®rïæÑ8o0 Ao±;£©½ïëjñ¡´0OBÌ€.>Gâ +¸V^š¥{¡«ù/wm†;’Ä©&äš ÛŠXgÍ/Ò†…]H»I¶¦±½¤>²“ ¾™<¬ëËp®ŸÖhÃzìÉ¡æbr…:[i\¬ñ8òQ^F%~+‚‡èà —gL×H9êË÷e„žË¨WÚAîAÏľ3f4 žÃØL.ëd+AœXû[rVD¨Ø[j‹Þ<$þ©—xƒ!OÖî‹) KæTEÞ*büì©ìµÀ¹{×UMr¢à³™×ȧdú›–J¬€ö$oS5íTžÂÛw%Þ¸ÊïwH^.˜Ù5b˜ ñ N1þ&©öþ`FMW¬&yI}ê)kµ1~ºd˜Ì·ýè×1Šhç*ªãË„q…im”õïòªOßœ{ÇÜa!Áæô@ìBa1ª]»ÃúW4Óê̾·š=Õ9 Ïê(AczRWö`  R™}ËãÑ¡ÊfŽ`] R ‰‡wß³øUâÀ}` %@wF 0ÜJU:& 4` t jƒ Ní #!ï 0! 0D1^ u¿@‰B mË6ââââââââââââââ B AQ5Ɔ 0ùL 0ùE 0D>> D3‚X(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegulartpO'3|x `Ý ƒ $ÝÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôžõXXÔIt€appears€from€the€style€of€the€briefs€and€all€of€the€documents€in€the€record€with€theÐ  Ðexception€of€the€indictment€that€the€appellant's€name€is€correctly€spelled€Ô_ÔBlaineyÔ_Ô€D.€Zachary.€ÏThe€indictment,€however,€lists€the€appellant's€name€as€Ô_ÔBlainyÔ_Ô€D.€Zachary.€€It€is€the€policy€of€thisÏcourt€to€style€cases€according€to€the€name€in€the€formal€charging€instrument.Ô#†XŒ”Xõôža#Ô˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(Ñ(3$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€Œ”XXdædæ8ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóR¨S'  µÔ‡ôžõXXÔÝ ƒ ÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8ÀŒ”XXdædæ8ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAt€the€motion€for€new€trial,€the€trial€court€acknowledged€that€the€jury€only€deliberated€forÐ  Ðòòtenóó€minutes€before€returning€a€verdict. Ô‡ôžõXXÔÝ ƒ ÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8ÀŒ”XXdædæ8ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€acknowledge€that,€typically,€an€objection€made€to€a€prosecutorððs€statement€similarÐ  Ðto€the€one€in€the€present€case€would€be€sustained€based€upon€a€lack€of€relevance.€€However,€inÏthis€case,€the€appellant€interjection€of€the€credibility€issue€during€the€course€of€the€trial€justifiedÏthe€prosectorððs€remarks€during€closing€argument.€ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ,Ý ƒ[`¥"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€|;XXÔÓ  ÓÔ_Ôò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XŒ”X|;ÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€19,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€Ô_ÔClerkÔdAYÔó óÔ_Ô dZ[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(Ñ3`¥$¢¢Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€Œ”XXdædæ8ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý(Ñ3`¥$££Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€Œ”XXdædæ8ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€Œ”XXdædÈ8ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ ÔþÓò òòòÔ_Ôßv€Y_@0,j:üÿ`  `€€@ÿEÄ ` 8ttxPüð  vßÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà@. . ®àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  ÐóóÌòòà@ÜÜ(®àAT€NASHVILLEˆÐ àØ ÐóóÌà@$®àAUGUST€SESSION,€1999ˆÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à*Ð TL  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*à  àNo.€01C01„9810„CR„00442Ð @8  Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À à*Ð ,$  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*à  àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÐ   Ðvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*Ð ü  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*à  àHon.€Frank€G.€Clement,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ ðè  ÐBLAINY€D.€ZACHARY,à h àà À à*Ð ÜÔ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*à  à(DUI,€third€offense;€Driving€on€RevokedÐ ÈÀ Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À à*Ð ´¬ ÐÌÌó óÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð ^V ÐÌò òSamuel€E.€Wallace,€Jr.ó óà h àà À àò òà  àPaul€G.€Summersó óÐ *" ÐWallace€&€Wallaceà  àà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ  ÐAttorneysÌ227€Second€Avenue€Northà À àÐ âÚ ÐNashville,€TN€€37201à h àà À àà  àò òElizabeth€T.€Ryanó óÐ ÈÀ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà Ð àà (# àÐ ´ ¬ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à x àà Ð àà (# àÐ L$D  Ðà ` àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àò òVictor€S.€Johnson€IIIó óÐ þ&ö# Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àEdward€S.€Ryanó óÐ ¶)®"& Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à222„2nd€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ ì0ä). ÐÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÐ P6H/4 ÐJudgeÐ  <7405 ÐÓÓà@+®àòòò òOPINIONóóó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant,€Blainy€D.€Zachary,׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€was€indicted€by€a€Davidson€County€GrandÐ ¬ ¤ ÐJury€for€the€offenses€of€driving€under€the€influence,€third€offense,€and€€driving€on€aÏrevoked€license.€€The€appellant€proceeded€to€trial,€and,€after€the€jury€was€impaneledÏand€the€indictment€read,€pled€guilty€to€driving€on€a€revoked€license.€€The€trialÏcontinued€and€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€driving€under€the€influence,€thirdÏoffense.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€to€11€months,€29€days,€suspendedÏexcept€for€180€days€for€the€DUI€conviction,€and€11€months,€29€days,€suspendedÏexcept€for€45€days€for€the€driving€on€revoked€conviction.€€These€sentences€wereÏordered€to€be€served€concurrently.€€In€his€sole€issue€on€appeal,€he€contends€that€theÏprosecutorððs€comments€during€closing€argument€constitute€prosecutorial€misconductÏrequiring€reversal€of€his€DUI€conviction.€€ÌÌà ` àAfter€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@ff)®àò òBackgroundó óˆÐ Ô#Ì  ÐÌà ` àOn€November€23,€1996,€€Metro€Police€Officer€William€Turbeville€was€onÏpatrol,€ð ðassigned€to€the€west€sector€of€Nashville.ðð€€At€approximately€2:20€a.m.,ÏOfficer€Turbeville€was€traveling€eastbound€on€Charlotte€Pike€when€he€ð ðobserved€aÏcar€come€out€of€Old€Hickory€Boulevard€.€.€.€.€€The€vehicle€made€a€wide€left€turn€ontoÏCharlotte€going€eastbound€.€.€.€and€seemed€to€be€traveling€at€a€high€rate€of€speed.€.Ï.€.ðð€€€He€estimated€that€the€vehicle€was€ð ðdoing€approximately€60€miles€per€hour.ðð€€AsÏOfficer€Turbeville€was€following€the€speeding€vehicle,€ð ð[t]he€vehicle€swerved€off€the€„Ï„€€roadway€.€.€.€[and]€almost€hit€[within€two€to€three€feet].€.€.€a€light€or€telephone€pole,Ð  4-2 Ðand€then€swerved€back€to€the€roadway.ðð€€Upon€witnessing€this€incident,€OfficerÏTurbeville€initiated€a€traffic€stop.ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Turbeville€approached€the€vehicle€and€observed€the€appellant€in€theÏdriverððs€seat€accompanied€by€a€female€in€the€passengerððs€seat.€€He€proceeded€toÏinform€the€appellant€of€the€nature€of€the€stop,€during€which€time,€he€ð ðdetected€anÏextreme€odor€of€alcohol€emitting€from€his€person.ðð€€When€questioned€by€the€officer,Ïthe€appellant€admitted€that€ð ðhe€had€a€couple€of€beersðð€that€evening.€€€During€thisÏinitial€confrontation,€Officer€Turbeville€noticed€that€the€appellantððs€ð ðspeech€wasÏslurred,€his€eyes€were€watery,€bloodshot,€his€clothing€was€disarranged.ðð€€OfficerÏTurbeville€also€observed€ð ðtwo€empty€12€ounce€Budweiser€bottles,€.€.€.€four€emptyÏBudweiser€cans,€and€.€.€.€four€full€12€ounce€bottles€of€beerðð€in€the€appellantððs€vehicle.€Ï€He€asked€the€appellant€to€step€out€of€his€vehicle€and€proceeded€to€administer€aÏseries€of€field€sobriety€tests,€including€ð ðthe€walk€and€turn€testðð€and€ð ðthe€one€leggedÏstand€test.ðð€€The€appellant€failed€to€perform€satisfactorily€on€these€tests€and€wasÏplaced€under€arrest€for€DUI.€€ÌÌà ` àA€standard€check€of€the€appellantððs€status€revealed€that€his€driverððs€licenseÏhad€been€revoked.€€After€transporting€the€appellant€to€the€police€department,€€OfficerÏTurbeville€informed€the€appellant€of€the€Stateððs€implied€consent€law€and€requestedÏthat€he€submit€to€a€blood€alcohol€test.€€The€appellant€refused€to€take€the€breath€test.ÌÌà ` àAt€trial,€in€his€own€defense,€the€appellant€testified€that,€on€the€date€of€hisÏarrest,€he€had€worked€an€eleven€hour€day€repairing€automobile€transmissions.€ÏWhen€he€got€off€work,€€he€went€to€his€apartment€where€he€took€a€shower€andÏwatched€television.€€€While€watching€television,€the€appellant€consumed€two€beers.€ÏHe€later€fell€asleep€at€approximately€11:00€pm.€€The€appellant€was€awakened€by€aÏtelephone€call€from€his€friend,€Heather€Henson.€€She€was€upset€from€an€argumentÏthat€she€had€with€her€date€and€asked€the€appellant€if€he€would€pick€her€up€at€theÐ X9P28 ÐCrows€Nest.€€The€appellant€agreed,€despite€the€fact€that€his€driverððs€license€hadÏbeen€revoked.€€€On€cross„examination,€the€appellant€admitted€that,€although€hisÏlicense€had€been€revoked,€he€did€drive€to€and€from€work€and€would,€if€necessary,Ïrun€errands€for€his€children.ÌÌà ` àThe€appellant€further€explained€that€he€proceeded€to€the€Crows€Nest€whereÏhe€picked€up€his€friend.€€€€On€the€way€back,€Heather€lit€a€cigarette€in€the€car€and,€atÏsome€point,€she€dropped€the€cigarette.€€When€the€appellant€reached€to€retrieve€theÏburning€cigarette,€his€vehicle€swerved€off€the€road.€€This€incident€occurredÏimmediately€prior€to€his€being€pulled€over€by€Officer€Turbeville.€€The€appellantÏasserted€that€he€was€not€under€the€influence€of€alcohol€at€this€time.€€€€He€explainedÏhis€poor€performance€on€the€field€sobriety€tests€as€the€result€of€his€ð ðbeing€goofyððÏbecause€he€was€not€drunk€and€the€officer€should€have€known€that€he€was€not€drunk.ÌÌà ` àBased€upon€this€evidence,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€driving€underÏthe€influence,€third€offense.ÌÌÌà@  ®àò òProsecutorial€Misconduct€during€Closing€Argumentó óˆÐ `'X $ ÐÌà ` àIn€his€sole€issue€on€appeal,€the€appellant€contends€that€ð ðarguments€in€closingÏsummation€by€the€prosecutor€in€this€case€was€[sic]€sufficient€prosecutorialÏmisconduct€to€lead€to€an€arbitrary€and€unreliable€sentence€of€guilt€in€violation€ofÏArticle€I,€Section€8€and€Article€I,€Section€16€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.ðð€ÏSpecifically,€he€complains€of€one€sentence€of€the€prosecutorððs€argument:ÌÓÓà8 ` àAs€we€already€know€he€was€driving€„„€routinely€drove€a€car€while€heÏhad€a€revoked€driverððs€license€and€total€disregard€for€the€law.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓÓÌÌÐ J:B39 ÐIndeed,€he€supports€his€allegation€that€he€was€denied€a€fair€trial€by€evidence€that€theÏjury€only€deliberated€between€three€and€five€minutes.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ÔÌ ÐÌà ` àInitially,€we€acknowledge€the€Stateððs€position€that€the€appellant€has€waivedÏappellate€review€of€this€issue€for€failure€to€enter€an€objection€during€closingÏargument.€€The€failure€to€object€contemporaneously€constitutes€a€waiver€of€the€issueÏpursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a).€€Notwithstanding€waiver,€we€proceed€to€addressÏthe€issue€on€its€merits.ÌÌà ` àOur€supreme€court€has€recognized€that€closing€argument€is€a€valuableÏprivilege€for€both€the€State€and€the€defense€and€that€counsel€is€afforded€wideÏlatitude€in€presenting€final€argument€to€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Cribbsóó,€967€S.W.2dÐ ÌÄ Ð773,€783€(Tenn.),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€„„€U.S.„„,€119€S.Ct.€343€(1998);€òòState€v.€Coneóó,€665Ð ˜ ÐS.W.2d€87,€94€(Tenn.),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€467€U.S.€1210,€104€S.Ct.€2400€(1984).€€In€orderÐ d\ Ðfor€a€defendant€to€be€granted€a€new€trial€on€the€basis€of€improper€comments€duringÏclosing€argument,€he€must€show€that€the€argument€was€so€inflammatory€or€theÏconduct€so€€improper€that€it€affected€the€verdict€to€his€detriment.€€òòSeeóó€€òòHarrington€v.Ð È#À  ÐStateóó,€385€S.W.2d€758,€759€(Tenn.€1965).€€€Factors€to€be€considered€in€making€thisÐ ”%Œ" Ðdetermination€include:ÌÓÓà8 ` à1)€The€conduct€complained€of€viewed€in€context€and€in€light€of€theÏfacts€and€circumstances€of€the€case;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à2)€the€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€and€the€prosecutor;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à3)€the€intent€of€the€prosecutor€in€making€the€improper€statement;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à4)€the€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€and€any€other€errorsÏin€the€record;€andÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à5)€the€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.€€ÓÓÐ ` ü!` ü! ЀòòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.Crim.App.1976);€òòsee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.Ð ô3ì,2 ÐBuckóó,€670€S.W.2d€600,€609€(Tenn.1984).Ð À5¸.4 Їà ` àRegarding€the€challenged€portion€of€the€prosecutorððs€argument,€a€review€ofÏthe€record€reveals€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 ` à1)€€The€appellant€pled€guilty€to€the€charge€of€driving€on€a€revokedÏlicense€after€the€jury€had€been€sworn€and€the€charge€had€been€readÏbut€prior€to€opening€argument;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à2)€€During€opening€argument,€defense€counsel€stated€ð ðMr.€ZacharyÏwas€in€the€wrong,€and€heððs€come€here€before€you€today€and€heÏadmitted€he€was€in€the€wrong.€€He€should€not€have€been€driving€theÏcar€because€his€license€was€not€valid€at€that€time.€€He€admits€that.ðð;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à3)€€On€cross„examination€by€the€State,€the€appellant€admitted€that€heÏknew€that€his€license€was€revoked€yet€he€continued€to€drive€to€andÏfrom€work€and€whenever€his€children€needed€something;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à4)€€Prior€to€closing€argument,€the€trial€court€advised€the€jury,€ð ð[p]leaseÏrecall€what€they€say€to€you€in€closing€statements€is€not€evidence,€but€itÏis€helpful€because€they€can€summarize€the€facts€as€they€heard€it€.€.€.€.ðð;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à5)€€The€prosecutorððs€comment€was€made€in€the€context€of€labeling€theÏissue€before€the€jury€as€one€of€credibility€between€the€police€officer,Ïð ðwho€is€out€doing€his€job,ðð€and€the€appellant,€who€is€ð ðon€trial€notÏwanting€to€go€to€jailðð;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à6)€€Defense€counsel,€in€his€closing€argument,€also€addressed€the€issueÏbefore€the€jury€as€one€of€credibility;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à7)€€In€its€charge€to€the€jury,€the€trial€court€instructed€ð ð.€.€.closingÏarguments€of€the€attorneys€are€intended€to€help€you€in€understandingÏthe€evidence€and€the€law,€but€they€are€not€evidence.€€If€statementsÏwere€made€by€an€attorney€that€are€not€supported€by€the€evidence,€youÏshould€disregard€those€statements.ðð;€andÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à8)€€At€the€motion€for€new€€trial,€the€trial€court€found€that€theÏprosecutorððs€comments€regarding€the€appellantððs€admission€of€drivingÏwhile€his€license€was€revoked€went€to€the€issue€of€credibility€and€not€toÏshow€that€the€appellant€ð ðhad€a€plethora€of€criminal€record.ððÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓÓÌà ` àIt€is€clear€from€the€record€before€us€that€the€prosecutor€was€not€using€theÏappellantððs€history€of€driving€on€a€revoked€license€as€proof€of€the€appellantððs€guilt,Ïbut€rather€as€proof€against€his€credibility.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Ronnie€Robertsóó,€No.Ð \0T). Ð03C01„9502„CR„00049€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€May€20,€1996),€òòperm.€toÐ (2 +0 Ðappeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€Nov.€4,€1996)€(citing€òòState€v.€Hardisonóó,€705€S.W.2d€684,€687Ð ô3ì,2 Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985)).€€Such€use€has€been€determined€to€be€appropriate.€€òòId.óó€Ð À5¸.4 ÐMoreover,€any€objection€to€the€use€of€the€appellant's€prior€conviction€in€closingÏargument€is€unjustified€as€it€was€the€appellant€himself€who€introduced€the€evidence€Ïof€which€he€now€complains.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a).€€Accordingly,€we€concludeÐ   ˜ Ðthat€the€prosecutorððs€comment€of€the€appellantððs€ð ðviola[tions]€of€the€law€at€willðð€doesÏnot€serve€as€a€basis€for€a€new€trial€when€measured€by€the€test€established€in€òòJudgeóó.Ð 80 ÐThis€issue€has€no€meritÌÌà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÌÌÓÓÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€Judge€ÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€Senior€JudgeÌÌ