ÿWPC¨ ér‘§Ý¢ŸùIó}M]üÝkÏä#ðCÿHÌQÙ.õž¡ÇeÍ~Áö·—úŽè×›q=ü? ]V˜ØÜŸËm¢  ¯a¦Ú€(n¬m9²ñœ<úóÆÀÏùÅö@ËôÃbŠ'n‚ÀR‹/A”ˈq~PÕuàr§EtQÀF¨7‰q}s'Ó0²·†¢ÍƇ“Ò'›½Å!cOmfÏçÖ˜ƒ³NÀÓ»]› íRIZ™§«öüɜ鑷Ò%ÇK¯ÐÞI…=Ϙ–•#­L€Å S•†xViÒc°¶^ÛT8!‰I«AMk]¤XìÇéé¼¾ßu3¬Áa,b¾ Õõþ¹±GH?×Iˆ0T ŸJhYĺ(Ò¼‡$oñ¨sãïqœ%fJ|p ûÀƒg°LxS«×û_¦n:/ÞÍÿC>÷`¥‡˜|GvUý~|ºtɽù m÷g+zú£0dŠœîjÄ{{÷@_ƒÂUÎ}¡fy™O_HÈPÏWmþ»ùføž̃“מ„F&f“ÖŒEß¾‹ñã+ÝMÓújÀI_ÍÆŠQâG´¼ý´Õ[€™^¾ÊFµ sâ]§ƒkFÐ=˜ ¥}‹6’M1ö+€ʺôƶb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz N‘ Æ“ ÆY Æ Æå N«N­U@¯NïEñU:ó-f555555555555555555555b›››››››››››››››››››››››››››››››››››› 0룣££ BŽŽ 0¤« D5O D-„ 0K±± ASüÆO 0¤ 0D¹ A«ý˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»¢©ˆ)â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular•jW)ôÝŸ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman , øð AZ‹"Arial Regular  \Ñ\R3Ø' Letter\Ñ- ù-(|G2ê$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Nå»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôø=ò»»Ô d(|3G$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Nå»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3G$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Nå»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Nå»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Nå»»»ÔÑ8€IXXdì»»d8ÑÑ€³/Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îIdNåÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼Nå»îîId#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€à @ àà @` àSeptember€27,€2000€Ð üL ÐÔ‡XIX»¼NåÔÌò òÔ#†¼Nå»XXI5#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€BRUCE€ADAMSòòóóÔ‡XIX»¼NåÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ô_ÔBlountÔ_Ô€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€C„11410,€C„11411€€€€€D.€Kelly€Thomas,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„00298„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐDecember€8,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Bruce€Adams,€appeals€his€convictions€of€resisting€arrest€and€disorderly€conduct€andÐ xÈ  Ðthe€manner€of€service€of€his€effective€six„month€sentence.€€The€trial€court€ordered€ten€days€ofÐ d´ Ðconfinement€and€probated€the€balance€of€the€sentence.€€The€resisting€arrest€conviction€is€supportedÐ P  Ðby€sufficient€evidence,€and€we€affirm€that€conviction€and€the€sentence,€including€the€confinementÐ <Œ Ðterm.€€However,€because€we€find€insufficient€evidence€to€support€the€disorderly€conduct€conviction,Ð (x Ðwe€reverse€it€and€dismiss€that€charge.€Ð d ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmed€as€to€resisting€arrest€charge,Ð ì< ÐReversed€as€to€disorderly€conduct;€disorderly€conduct€charge€Dismissed.ó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Nå»àXI¨#ÔÔ‡XIX.¼NåÔJames€Ô_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ôóó€andÐ ° ÐòòJerry€L.€Smith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌShawn€G.€Graham,€Ô_ÔMaryvilleÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,€Bruce€Adams.Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Clinton€J.€Morgan,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€Michael;Ð L œ ÐL.€Flynn,€District€Attorney€General;€and€William€Reed,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€theÐ 8!ˆ  ÐAppellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $"t! ÐÓ|ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Nå»XXI«#ÔÔ‡XIX»¼NåÔÐ ü#L# ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼Nå»XXIË #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XIX»¼NåÔà0  àà0` (#(#àThe€defendant,€Bruce€Adams,€appeals€his€Ô_ÔBlountÔ_Ô€County€Circuit€Court€convictions€ÐÔ%$!%` (#` (# Ðof€resisting€arrest€and€disorderly€conduct.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„602€(1997)€(resistingÐ À&"& Ðarrest);€ðð€39„17„305€(1997)€(disorderly€conduct).€€After€a€bench€trial,€the€trial€court€imposedÐ ¬'ü"' Ðconcurrent€sentences€of€six€months€for€resisting€arrest€and€30€days€for€disorderly€conduct,€to€beÐ ˜(è#( Ðsuspended€after€ten€days€of€confinement.€€In€this€appeal,€the€defendant€raises€two€issues:€(1)€whetherÐ „)Ô$) Ðthe€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€convictions,€and€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ p*À%* Ðordering€the€defendant€to€be€incarcerated.€€After€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs,€and€the€applicableÐ \+¬&+ Ðlaw,€we€affirm€the€conviction€and€sentence€on€the€resisting€arrest€count€but€reverse€the€disorderlyÐ H,˜', Ðconduct€conviction.€€The€disorderly€conduct€count€shall€be€dismissed.Ð 4-„(-ý  ÐÔ_Ô‡à  àà ` àIn€lieu€of€a€verbatim€transcript€of€the€evidence€presented€at€trial,€the€parties€haveÐ ° Ðprepared€and€filed€as€a€part€of€the€record€on€appeal€a€ð ðstatement€of€the€evidence.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.Ð œì ÐP.€24(c).€€According€to€this€statement,€the€stateððs€first€witness,€Judy€Barca,€testified€that€onÐ ˆØ ÐSeptember€6,€1998,€she€was€a€neighbor€of€the€defendant€on€Loretta€Drive€in€Walland,€Tennessee€andÐ tÄ Ðthat€she€heard€a€ð ðdisturbance,ðð€which€she€termed€ð ðfussing€and€fightingðð€coming€from€the€defendantððsÐ `° Ðtrailer.€€Later€that€day,€she€observed€police€cars€arriving€at€the€defendantððs€residence.€€After€she€sawÐ L œ Ðpolice€officers€conversing€with€the€defendant,€she€saw€the€officers€attempting€to€carry€the€defendantÐ 8 ˆ Ðto€a€cruiser.€€The€defendant€appeared€ð ðlethargicðð€and€would€not€cooperate€or€stand€on€his€feet.€€WhileÐ $ t Ðthe€officers€were€attempting€to€carry€the€defendant€to€the€cruiser,€Ms.€Barca€overheard€the€defendantÐ  ` Ðð ðcussingðð€the€police€officers€and€observed€him€behaving€in€an€ð ðuncooperative€fashion.ðð€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àà ` àKim€Ochoa,€Ms.€Barcaððs€daughter,€testified€that€she€lived€one€trailer€farther€from€theÐ Ô$  Ðdefendant€than€did€her€mother€and€that€on€September€6,€1998,€she€heard€a€ð ðgreat€deal€of€screamingÐ À  Ðand€cursing€which€was€annoyingðð€to€her€but€did€not€cause€her€to€call€the€police€or€to€go€outside€andÐ ¬ü  Ðinvestigate.€€After€she€saw€police€cars€passing€her€residence,€she€went€to€Ms.€Barcaððs€residence€andÐ ˜è  Ðobserved€police€officers€carrying€the€defendant€out€of€his€trailer.€€The€defendant€yelledÐ „Ô  Ðð ðintermittentlyðð€but€was€ð ðnot€struggling€with€the€officers.ðð€€She€observed€that€the€officers€hadÐ pÀ Ðdifficulty€getting€the€defendant€into€the€cruiser€ð ðbecause€he€appeared€to€be€intoxicatedðð;€however,€Ð \¬ Ðthe€defendant€ð ðwas€not€fighting€with€the€officers.ðð€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àOfficer€Randall€Ailey€of€the€Blount€County€Sheriffððs€Department€testified€that€onÐ  p ÐSeptember€6,€1998,€he€answered€a€domestic€violence€call€at€the€defendantððs€residence€on€LorettaÐ  \ ÐDrive.€€Upon€arrival,€he€encountered€the€defendantððs€wife€and€stepson€outside€the€mobile€home.€Ð øH ÐWhile€the€officer€conversed€with€them,€the€defendant€ð ðstepped€outside€the€residence€and€began€toÐ ä4 Ðyell€and€curse.ðð€€The€defendant€complied€with€the€officerððs€request€that€he€go€back€inside€theÐ Ð  Ðresidence.€€However,€the€defendant€later€came€to€the€door€and€ð ðbegan€to€call€everybody€namesððÐ ¼  Ðwhile€he€held€the€door€open.€€Officer€Ailey€walked€to€the€door€and€stepped€inside€the€mobile€home.€Ð ¨ø ÐOfficer€Ailey€testified€that€ð ðthe€defendant€swung€at€him€with€his€left€fist€[,]€.€.€.€€missed€[,]€.€.€.€andÐ ”ä Ðfell€into€the€wall€of€the€trailer.ðð€€As€the€defendant€tried€to€regain€his€feet,€the€officer€used€a€leg€sweepÐ €Ð Ðto€put€the€defendant€down€on€the€floor.€€Officer€Ailey€called€for€assistance€and€informed€theÐ l¼ Ðdefendant€that€he€was€under€arrest.€€The€defendant€then€ð ðattempted€to€jerk€away€and€told€hisÐ X ¨ Ðdaughter€to€go€into€the€bedroom€and€get€his€gun.ðð€€Officer€Ailey€testified€that€he€had€to€use€chemicalÐ D!” Ðspray€to€subdue€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€ð ðlocked€his€arms€underneath€him€in€an€attempt€to€keepÐ 0"€  ÐOfficer€Ailey€from€placing€handcuffs€on€himðð;€however,€the€officer€succeeded€in€handcuffing€theÐ #l! Ðdefendant€and€placing€him€into€the€police€cruiser.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àà ` à€Ron€Blair,€a€reserve€officer€with€the€Blount€County€Sheriffððs€Office,€assisted€OfficerÐ à%0!$ ÐAiley€in€answering€the€call€at€the€defendantððs€residence€on€September€6,€1998.€€In€his€testimony,Ð Ì&"% ÐOfficer€Blair€essentially€confirmed€Officer€Aileyððs€testimony€about€the€defendantððs€conduct€duringÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€officersðð€interview€of€the€defendantððs€wife€and€stepson.€€Officer€Blair€saw€Officer€Ailey€enter€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðresidence€and€saw€the€defendant€attempt€to€hit€Ailey€with€his€left€hand.€€Officer€Blair€entered€theÐ )à$( Ðresidence€and€saw€Officer€Ailey€restraining€the€defendant€on€the€floor€and€heard€the€defendantÐ |*Ì%) Ðinstruct€his€daughter,€who€appeared€to€be€ð ðvery€distraught,ðð€to€go€to€ð ðthe€bedroom€and€get€[theÐ h+¸&* Ðdefendantððs]€gun.ðð€€The€defendantððs€daughter€struggled€with€Officer€Blair€as€he€attempted€to€restrainÐ ° Ðher.€€Officer€Blair€testified€that€the€officers€had€to€pull€the€uncooperative€defendant€to€the€cruiser€asÐ œì Ðhe€ð ðcontinued€to€swear.ðð€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àLinda€Adams,€the€defendantððs€wife,€testified€in€his€behalf€that€on€September€6,€1998,Ð `° Ðthe€defendant€and€her€son,€Robert€Adams,€argued€about€a€puppy.€€The€defendant,€who€had€beenÐ L œ Ðdrinking€ð ðthroughout€the€day,€but€was€not€.€.€.€intoxicated,ðð€struck€Robert€Adams.€€Linda€AdamsÐ 8 ˆ Ðcalled€the€police.€€She€and€Robert€met€the€officers€when€they€arrived.€€The€defendant€came€out€ofÐ $ t Ðthe€residence€twice,€and€after€the€second€time,€Officer€Ailey€went€to€the€house€to€apprehend€theÐ  ` Ðdefendant.€€Mrs.€Adams€testified€that€she€told€Officer€Ailey€that€the€defendant€was€disabled.€€SheÐ ü L  Ðnext€saw€the€defendant€as€he€was€being€dragged€and€carried€by€his€arms€and€shoulders€to€the€policeÐ è 8  Ðcar.€€She€noticed€that€his€face€was€ð ðbruised€and€scratched.ðð€€She€denied€that€the€defendant€wasÐ Ô$  Ðswearing€or€fighting.€Ð À  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that,€although€he€had€been€drinking€on€September€6,€1998,Ð ˜è  Ðhe€was€not€intoxicated€when€he€struck€Robert€Adams.€€The€defendant€was€angry€because€RobertððsÐ „Ô  Ðpuppy€had€continued€to€void€waste€in€the€residence.€€When€he€saw€the€police€arrive,€he€went€outsideÐ pÀ Ðto€tell€Linda€and€Robert€Adams€to€vacate€the€premises.€€He€admitted€that€he€was€ð ðagitated€by€theÐ \¬ Ðpresence€of€the€policeðð€but€denied€causing€any€disturbance€and€denied€coming€outside€a€second€time.€Ð H˜ ÐThe€defendant€testified€that€Officer€Ailey€came€inside€the€residence€and€ð ðthrew€him€into€the€wallÐ 4„ Ðwhile€ripping€the€telephone€.€.€.€out€of€his€hand.ðð€€He€testified€that€Officer€Ailey€hit€him€in€the€faceÐ  p Ðand€knocked€him€to€the€floor€and€that€as€he€attempted€to€defend€himself,€the€officer€sprayed€him€withÐ  \ Ðchemical€spray.€€The€defendant€denied€instructing€his€daughter€to€obtain€a€gun€from€the€bedroom.€Ð øH ÐThe€defendant€testified€that€his€difficulty€in€complying€with€the€officerððs€attempts€to€take€him€to€theÐ ä4 Ðcruiser€were€the€result€of€his€ð ðexcruciating€pain€from€the€treatment€he€received€from€Officer€Ailey.ðð€Ð Ð  ÐHe€testified€that€this€ð ðtreatment,€coupled€with€an€existing€injury,€caused€him€to€be€immobile€at€thisÐ ¼  Ðpoint.ðð€€He€denied€struggling€or€cursing€the€officers.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àUpon€this€evidence,€the€trial€judge€convicted€the€defendant€of€both€offenses€andÐ €Ð Ðproceeded€to€sentence€the€defendant€without€ordering€a€presentence€report€or€holding€a€sentencingÐ l¼ Ðhearing.€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€have€considered€the€stateððs€argument€that€the€ð ðstatement€of€the€evidence,ðð€filedÐ 0"€  Ðin€this€case€in€lieu€of€a€verbatim€transcript€of€the€evidence,€was€inadequate.€€The€state€argues€that€theÐ #l! Ðstatement€was€not€ð ðcertified€by€[counsel]€as€an€accurate€account€of€the€proceedings.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.Ð $X" ÐApp.€P.€24(c).€€We€are€unpersuaded€that€the€statement€falls€short€of€complying€with€Rule€24(c).€€TheÐ ô$D # Ðrecord€contains€a€separately€bound€document€captioned€ð ðStatement€of€the€Evidence,ðð€which€wasÐ à%0!$ Ðfiled€in€the€trial€court€on€May€3,€2000.€€It€reflects€that€the€case€was€bench€tried€on€February€3,€2000.€Ð Ì&"% ÐThe€ð ðstatementðð€initially€summarizes€the€procedure€used€by€the€trial€court,€identifies€counsel,€statesÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€number€of€witnesses€called€by€each€party,€and€elucidates€the€trial€courtððs€conviction€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsentencing€rulings.€€Then€the€ð ðstatementðð€describes€the€testimony€of€each€witness€in€òòseriatimóó.€Ð )à$( ÐCounsel€for€both€the€state€and€the€defendant€signed€the€document.€€The€document€contains€noÐ |*Ì%) Ðexpress€certification€that€it€is€an€accurate€account€of€the€proceedings€below.€€However,€theÐ h+¸&* Ðdescription€of€the€evidence€presented€is€obviously€detailed€and€replete€with€specific€information,€andÐ ° Ðit€is€implicitly€and€jointly€presented€as€a€full€and€accurate€record€of€the€proceedings€below.€€TheÐ œì Ðstate,€as€the€appellee,€filed€no€objections€to€the€statement€with€the€trial€court€clerk,€as€is€contemplatedÐ ˆØ Ðby€Rule€24(c)€when€an€appellee€objects€to€or€differs€with€the€statement.€€òòòòóóId.óó€€Moreover,€the€state,€onÐ tÄ Ðappeal,€does€not€argue€that€the€statement€is€inaccurate€or€incomplete.€€In€view€of€all€of€theÐ `° Ðcircumstances,€we€treat€the€ð ðstatement€of€the€evidenceðð€as€part€of€the€record€on€appeal.òò€€óóÐ L œ ÐÌò òÓ  ÓI.€€òòSufficiency€of€the€Evidence.Ð $ t Ðó óóóÌÓ  Óà  àà ` àIt€is€well€established€that€a€jury€verdict,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€theÐ ü L  Ðtestimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€state€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€state.€Ð è 8  ÐòòState€v.€Hatchettóó,€560€S.W.2d€627,€630€(Tenn.€1978);€òòState€v.€Townsendóó,€525€S.W.2d€842,€843Ð Ô$  Ð(Tenn.€1975).€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€andÐ À  Ðall€reasonable€or€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571Ð ¬ü  ÐS.W.2d€832,€836€(Tenn.€1978).Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àMoreover,€a€verdict€against€the€defendant€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÐ pÀ Ðraises€a€presumption€of€guilt€on€appeal,€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.€2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973);€òòAnglinÐ \¬ Ðv.€Stateóó,€553€S.W.2d€616,€620€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977),€which€the€defendant€has€the€burden€ofÐ H˜ Ðovercoming.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977).Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àà ` àMost€significantly,€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevantÐ  \ Ðquestion€for€an€appellate€court€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÐ øH Ðto€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crimeÐ ä4 Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);Ð Ð  ÐTenn€R.€App.€P.€13;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€€This€rule€appliesÐ ¼  Ðto€findings€based€on€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€842Ð ¨ø Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€Circumstantial€evidence€alone€may€be€sufficient€to€convict€one€of€a€crime.€Ð ”ä ÐòòState€v.€Bolingóó,€840€S.W.2d€944,€947€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€it€pertains€to€disorderly€conduct€as€alleged€in€the€indictment,€Tennessee€lawÐ X ¨ Ðprovides€that€a€ð ðperson€commits€an€offense€who,€in€a€public€place€and€with€the€intent€to€cause€publicÐ D!” Ðannoyance€or€harm[,]€.€.€.€makes€unreasonable€noise€which€prevents€others€from€carrying€on€lawfulÐ 0"€  Ðactivities.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„305(a),€(b)€(1997).Ð #l! ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€it€pertains€to€resisting€arrest€as€alleged€in€the€indictment,€Tennessee€law€providesÐ ô$D # Ðthat€a€person€commits€an€offense€who€ð ðintentionally€.€.€.€obstruct[s]€anyone€known€to€the€person€toÐ à%0!$ Ðbe€a€law€enforcement€officer€.€.€.€from€effecting€a[n]€.€.€.€arrest€.€.€.€of€any€person,€including€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendant,€by€using€force€against€the€law€enforcement€officer.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„16„602(a)Ð ¸'#& Ð(1997).€€Generally,€it€is€no€defense€to€a€prosecution€of€resisting€arrest€that€the€arrest€was€unlawful.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„602(b)€(1997).Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àRegarding€the€disorderly€conduct€conviction,€we€agree€with€the€defendant€that€theÐ ° Ðâ âconvicting€evidence€is€insufficient.€€In€the€indictment,€the€state€specified€that€the€theory€of€thisÐ œì Ðprosecution€was€that€the€defendant,€intending€to€cause€public€annoyance€or€alarm,€madeÐ ˆØ Ðunreasonable€noise€preventing€others€from€carrying€on€lawful€activities.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„Ð tÄ Ð17„305(b)€(1997).€€On€appeal,€the€state€theorizes€that€the€offensive€conduct€consisted€of€the€ð ðfussingÐ `° Ðand€fightingðð€which€emanated€from€the€defendantððs€trailer€prior€to€the€arrival€of€law€enforcementÐ L œ Ðofficers.€€However,€the€two€witnesses€to€this€ð ðfussing€and€fighting,ðð€Ms.€Barca€and€Ms.€Ochoa,Ð 8 ˆ Ðtestified€only€that€they€heard€the€noise€coming€from€the€defendantððs€residence.€€They€failed€to€testifyÐ $ t Ðthat€they€heard€òòthe€defendantóó€fussing,€fighting€or€creating€any€other€noise.€€Additionally,€we€canÐ  ` Ðglean€from€the€record€no€evidence€that,€if€the€defendant€made€unreasonable€noise,€that€he€did€soÐ ü L  Ðð ðwith€intent€to€cause€public€annoyance€or€harm.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„305(a)€(1997).€Ð è 8  ÐFinally,€although€Ms.€Ochoa€testified€that€she€was€annoyed€by€the€commotion€at€the€defendantððsÐ Ô$  Ðtrailer,€neither€she€nor€Ms.€Barca€testified€that€the€noise€prevented€her€from€conducting€lawfulÐ À  Ðactivities.€€We€conclude,€therefore,€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€the€offense€of€disorderly€conduct€òòasÐ ¬ü  Ðit€had€alleged€the€offense€in€the€indictmentóó,€and€the€conviction€for€that€offense€must€be€reversed.€Ð ˜è  ÐThat€charge€is€dismissed.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àRegarding€resisting€arrest,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€supports€the€conviction.€Ð \¬ ÐIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€evidence€shows€that€the€defendant€intentionally€obstructedÐ H˜ Ða€law€enforcement€officer€from€effecting€an€arrest.€€The€record€supports€the€defendantððs€convictionÐ 4„ Ðof€that€offense.Ð  p ÐÌÓ  Óò òII.€€òòSentencing.Ô‡XJ& XXXIÔÐ øH ÐÓ  ÓÔ#†XIX XXJ&N#ÔÔ‡XIXXXIÔà  àà ` àó óóóÌà  àà ` àÔ#†XIXXXIóN#ÔTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„302€provides€in€part€that€the€trial€court€shallÐ Ð  Ðimpose€a€specific€misdemeanor€sentence€consistent€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989Ð ¼  ÐCriminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„302(b)€(1997).€€In€misdemeanorÐ ¨ø Ðsentencing,€a€separate€sentencing€hearing€is€not€mandatory,€but€the€court€is€required€to€provide€theÐ ”ä Ðdefendant€with€a€reasonable€opportunity€to€be€heard€as€to€the€length€and€manner€of€the€sentence.Ð €Ð ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„302(a)€(1997).€€Misdemeanor€sentencing€is€designed€to€provide€the€trialÐ l¼ Ðcourt€with€a€great€deal€of€flexibility.€€One€convicted€of€a€misdemeanor,€unlike€one€convicted€of€aÐ X ¨ Ðfelony,€is€not€entitled€to€a€presumption€of€a€minimum€sentence.€€òòState€v.€Creasyóó,€885€S.W.2d€829,Ð D!” Ð832€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€This€court€has€also€held€that€the€statutory€presumption€of€favorableÐ 0"€  Ðcandidacy€for€alternative€sentencing€does€not€apply€to€a€defendant€who€has€been€convicted€of€aÐ #l! Ðmisdemeanor.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€914€S.W.2d€940,€949€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€òòButóó€òòseeóó€òòState€v.Ð $X" ÐCombsóó,€945€S.W.2d€770,€774€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€925€S.W.2d€237,€245€(Tenn.Ð ô$D # ÐCrim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Gennoeóó,€851€S.W.2d€833,€837€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€Our€law€doesÐ à%0!$ Ðnot€require€that€a€trial€judge€make€specific€findings€of€fact€in€misdemeanor€sentencing€whenÐ Ì&"% Ðdetermining€what€portion€of€a€defendantððs€sentence€€the€defendant€will€serve€in€confinement.€€òòStateÐ ¸'#& Ðv.€Troutmanóó,€979€S.W.2d€271,€274€(Tenn.€1998).€€The€trial€court€is€empowered€to€place€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðmisdemeanant€on€probation€immediately€or€after€a€period€of€confinement.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð )à$( Ð35„302(e)€(1997).€€The€burden€for€showing€that€the€court€should€probate€the€sentence€rests€with€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðdefendant.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(b)€(1997).Ð h+¸&* Ðѳ/Ñâ âÑTRY,3Ø' LetterXà3Ø' Letter 3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑâ âÑ  ÑÌà  àà ` àThe€ð ðstatement€of€evidenceðð€reflects€no€findings€that€led€the€trial€court€to€impose€tenÐ œì Ðdays€of€incarceration,€but€as€pointed€out€above,€the€trial€court€was€not€obliged€to€make€such€findingsÐ ˆØ Ðon€the€record.€€òòSeeóó€òòTroutmanóó,€979€S.W.2d€at€274.€€We€must€defer€to€this€presumptively€correctÐ tÄ Ðdetermination€by€the€trial€court.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1997);€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823Ð `° ÐS.W.2d€166,€171€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€defendant€has€failed€to€show€why€a€short€term€of€confinementÐ L œ Ðwas€improper€in€this€case.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€conviction€of€resisting€arrest€and€the€manner€of€serviceÐ  ` Ðof€the€sentence.€€We€reverse€the€conviction€of€disorderly€conduct€and€dismiss€that€charge.Ð ü L  ÐÌÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà h àà À à___________________________________ÐÀ (#(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àJAMES€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGE