ÿWPCS @¯X ÕZ çö¹ÿÆ#jøÕpñôÔD–‚1ôÅ¢²Žãæa)#ÏáItŸ-ÉÇ"ë«ümŒ4m8_Ýç›~ð–Î"²¼)9îHȬ—˜æ;Ã!>›’°‡[ÿé8;}m¸<#L³v£÷Ç2ºkQ·.XH:‰3бÙd‡—rÄê‡ÊÙIxÎγԸ›ÇôÄd‚BU ñS#xÕ!ÙϤ³ ʼn‹wú~ð‚B3帊UŠ0XRã(ŸéþiÎ#rìΨEz>fåÚsŽúB„Ñ6;K'´Ø‹¦P™© ªg˜@~n_çOÿ$%‚½»³ÄvI#d‹ÿmŸ·‹þþ‚4f$îOàöœ»ÛûPÃáäp-õ½AÜÒYÒ·²fèÒo ¼o#ÄÑÔJ_$^¸)ÌNA:dLB·ÛUeÏ#·+ÕÍ»¹=iÇÚ¾Dœ.žU:ÌÆ)ÌU:õ)/U:XX AQ’ Bã 0D 0DD 0Dˆˆ D/ÌÌ Bû D3K˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù-(A¦$Ô€X›ÀXXXÔÔ€Šò× ŠXX›ÀÔòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ"Arial Regular(‚*2kš$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xã2XXXÔÔ€ &kü&X Xã2ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó€€, øð AZ"Arial Regular ÉÊËÌÍÎDÏÐÓ€Üßn~<$šffff>3|xß «Ý ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝMarquel€Horton€testified€for€the€State€as€part€of€a€plea€agreement€resolving€hisÐ `  Ðindictment€for€identical€offenses.€€Much€of€the€Stateððs€evidence€regarding€the€events€of€JuneÏ2„3,€1996,€is€derived€from€Hortonððs€testimony€at€trial. 'Ý ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝAdams€carried€a€.45€automatic,€Maxwell€carried€a€nine€millimeter,€and€WilloughbyÐ `  Ðcarried€a€.38€revolver. “Ý ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝThe€trial€court€found€Adams€to€be€a€Range€II€offender€and€applied€the€maximum€ClassÐ `  ÐB€sentence€of€twenty€years.€€Accordingly,€we€reduce€his€sentence€to€the€maximum€penaltyÏavailable€for€a€Range€II€Class€C€felony. ùÝ ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝWe€also€note€that€no€specific€instances€have€been€alleged€by€either€Defendant. ¡Ý ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝThe€trial€court€found€Maxwell€and€Willoughby€to€be€Range€I€offenders€and€applied€theÐ `  Ðmaximum€Class€B€sentence€of€twelve€years.€€Accordingly,€we€reduce€his€sentence€to€theÏmaximum€penalty€available€for€a€Range€I€Class€C€felony. ³Ý ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝTo€clarify,€it€is€the€difference€between€(1)€Horton€testifying,€ð ðWilloughby€said€he€firedÐ `  Ðtwiceðð€(implicating€Willoughby),€and€(2)€Horton€testifying,€ð ðWilloughby€said,€ððHe€fired€twiceððððÏ(implicating€either€Adams€or€Maxwell).€€ üÝ ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝMaxwellððs€counsel€argued€in€closing€that€Maxwell€was€not€present€at€the€scene. ´Ý ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝWe€affirm€the€decision€to€apply€the€maximum€available€penalty.€€Maxwellððs€burglaryÐ `  Ðsentence€stands€reduced€pursuant€to€modification€of€his€conviction€from€especially€aggravatedÏburglary€to€aggravated€burglary.€€òòSeeóó€òòsupraóó€Part€III. ’Ý ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ Xá&XXXÔÔ€ &ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝAfter€finding€Maxwell€to€be€a€Range€I€offender,€the€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€twelveÐ `  Ðyears€for€especially€aggravated€burglary,€four€years€for€conspiracy€to€commit€aggravatedÏburglary,€and€two€years€for€theft. $Ý ƒ OÒ$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€Xá&XXXÔÔ€&ë§ &X Xá&ÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝAdams€carried€a€.45€automatic,€Maxwell€carried€a€9€millimeter,€and€Willoughby€carriedÐ `  Ða€.38€revolver., øð AZ"Arial RegularƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X< XXXÔÔ€#n  XX<ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X< X #nÔÐ  ÐÌò òSeptember€2,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ô,ð ô XX<ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XUÄXXXÔÔ€%VXXUÄÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XUÄX%VÔÐ  ÐÌò òSeptember€1,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ô*èôXXUÄÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!"#%Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ d(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd 'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñÐñ›ñÐñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ŠŠXXÔÔ€ŠcUŠŠŠÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÑ7€b£ˆˆddÈ7ÑñÜññÐñßr€(<,(j 8` `€€@Eôf ` ttx$,` ð ÚrßñÐññÜññßññÜñßr€(<,(j 8` `€€@Eôf ` ttx$,` ð ÚrßñÜññÐñ›ñÐñ›ñßññßñ›ñßñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  Ðñßñœßt€(>.*jx2ô` `€€@E&T ` ttx$^Œ N œ tß›ñßñÌAT€JACKSONÌÌJUNE€SESSION,€1998ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9709„CC„00352Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ó óÐ ` Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àMADISON€COUNTYÐ `  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€FRANKLIN€MURCHISON€ó óÐ `  Ðò òMONTEZ€ANTUAN€ADAMS,ó óà À àò ò)à  àJUDGEó óÐ ` Ðò òRICARDO€MAXWELL,€&à À à)ó óÐ ` Ðò òMARCUS€LAMONT€à h àà À à)Ð ` ÐWILLOUGHBY,à  àó óà h àò òà À à)ó óÐ ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ ` Ðà ` àAppellants.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  àó ó(Felony„Murder;€Aggravated€Burglary)ò òÐ ` Ðó óÌÌÓ  Óò òON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÐ Pð ÐCIRCUIT€COURT€OF€MADISON€COUNTYó óÐ P ð ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð @#à ÐÌœSCOTT€KIRKÌAttorney€for€Appellant€Adams›à À àà  àœJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ (&È Ð213€E.€Lafayetteà  àà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ  'À ÐJackson,€TN€38301Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMARVIN€E.€CLEMENTS,€JR.ÌCHRISTY€RAUCHLE€LITTLEà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ *¨ ! ÐAttorney€for€Appellant€Maxwellà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ + !" Ð200€East€Main,€Suite€111à À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243Ð ø+˜"# ÐJackson,€TN€38301Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€WOODALLÌJ.€COLIN€MORRISà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ à.€%& ÐAttorney€for€Appellant€WilloughbyÌ204€West€Baltimoreà h àà À àà  àDONALD€H.€ALLENÐ Ð0p'( ÐJackson,€TN€38301à h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ È1h() Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àP.O.€Box€2825Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJackson,€TN€38302›ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÐ  x;23¼ ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°ê°ŠŠ£#Ôò òòòÑ7€ã2XXdðˆˆd7ÑOPINIONóóó óÔ€Š£#а°êÔÐ `  ÐÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àThe€Defendants,€Montez€Adams,€Ricardo€Maxwell,€and€Marcus€LamontÏWilloughby,€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€3(b),€appeal€asÏof€right€their€convictions€for€first€degree€felony€murder,€especially€aggravatedÏburglary,€conspiracy€to€commit€especially€aggravated€burglary,€and€theft€overÏ$500.€€In€addition,€Defendant€Maxwell€appeals€his€sentence€on€the€fourÏconvictions.€€ÌÌà ` àAll€Defendants€contest€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€presented€to€convictÏthem€of€felony€murder.€€Defendants€Adams€and€Willoughby€assert€that€they€wereÏnot€tried€by€an€impartial€jury,€in€violation€of€their€right€to€a€fair€trial,€and€that€theÏconvictions€for€felony€murder€and€especially€aggravated€burglary€should€haveÏbeen€merged.€€Finally,€Defendant€Maxwell€alone€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erredÏin€denying€a€severance,€that€the€jury€engaged€in€misconduct€in€violation€of€hisÏright€to€a€fair€trial,€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€assessing€him€the€maximumÏsentence€available.€€We€conclude,€as€the€State€concedes,€that€DefendantsððÏconvictions€for€especially€aggravated€burglary€must€be€vacated,€convictions€forÏaggravated€burglary€entered,€and€sentences€modified€accordingly.€€We€find€noÏmerit€in€Defendantsðð€other€assignments€of€error€and€affirm€the€remainder€of€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà ` àIn€September€1996,€Defendants€were€indicted€by€the€Madison€CountyÏGrand€Jury€on€charges€of€first€degree€felony€murder€in€violation€of€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€ðð€39„13„202,€especially€aggravated€burglary€in€violation€of€ðð€39„Ð ¾8^/0 Ð14„404,€conspiracy€to€commit€especially€aggravated€burglary€in€violation€of€ðð€39„¼12„103,€and€theft€of€property€valued€over€$500€in€violation€of€ðð€39„14„103.€ÏFollowing€a€jury€trial,€all€Defendants€were€convicted€of€all€charges€in€April€1997.€ÏEach€Defendant€received€a€life€sentence€for€felony€murder,€and€sentences€for€theÏremaining€three€offenses€were€ordered€to€run€concurrently€with€the€life€sentence.€ÏMaxwell€and€Willoughby€were€sentenced€as€Range€I€offenders€and€Adams€wasÏsentenced€as€a€Range€II€offender.€€The€trial€court€denied€Defendantsðð€motions€forÏa€new€trial,€and€all€Defendants€timely€appealed.ÌÌÓÓà@””®àI.€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEˆÌà@ff®àòòA.€Adams,€Maxwell,€&€WilloughbyóóÓÖӈРÈh Ðà ` àAdams,€Maxwell,€and€Willoughby€contest€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidenceÏpresented€to€convict€them€of€felony€murder.€€Specifically,€the€only€issue€forÏexamination€with€respect€to€all€three€Defendants€is€whether€the€State€introducedÏproof€sufficient€to€demonstrate€that€the€murder€of€Antonio€Givens€was€committedÏin€furtherance€of€the€burglary.€€Defendants€contend€that€the€murder€wasÏcommitted€after€the€burglary€had€been€completed,€and€thus,€was€a€separate,Ïdistinct,€and€independent€act€collateral€to€the€burglary.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà ` àTennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[findings]Ïof€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€In€addition,€because€conviction€byÏa€trier€of€fact€destroys€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€imposes€a€presumptionÏof€guilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€œshowing€that›€theÏevidence€was€insufficient.€€òòMcBee€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);Ð Ø8x/1 Ðòòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòState€v.Ð `  ÐGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1976),€and€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,Ð P ð Ð331€(Tenn.€1977));€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòHolt€v.Ð @ à ÐStateóó,€357€S.W.2d€57,€61€(Tenn.€1962).Ð 0Ð ÐÌà ` àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðtheÏstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÏinferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.ðð€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914€(citingÐ ð  ÐòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978)).€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„Ð à€ Ðweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below,€òòEvansóó,€838€S.W.2d€atÐ Ðp Ð191€(citing€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€836));€likewise,€should€the€reviewing€courtÐ À` Ðfind€particular€conflicts€in€the€trial€testimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favorÏof€the€jury€verdict€or€trial€court€judgment.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€Ð   @ ÐÌà ` àHere,€Defendants€were€convicted€of€first€degree€felony€murder:€ð ðA€killingÏof€another€committed€in€the€perpetration€of€or€attempt€to€perpetrate€any€.€.€.Ïburglary.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).€€A€murder€is€committed€in€theÏperpetration€of€a€crime€when€it€is€performed€òòpursuantóó€to,€rather€than€òòcollateralóó€to,Ð P*ð " Ðcommission€of€the€felony.€€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€296€S.W.2d€879,€883€(Tenn.€1956)Ð @,à"$ Ð(emphasis€added);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€756€S.W.2d€700,€702€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð 0.Ð$& Ð1988).€€To€amplify,€the€supreme€court€has€stated,€ð ðððThe€killing€must€have€had€anÏintimate€relation€and€close€connection€with€the€felony€.€.€.€,€and€not€be€separate,Ïdistinct,€and€independent€from€it€.€.€.€.ðððð€€òòFarmeróó,€296€S.W.2d€at€883€(quotingÐ 4 *, ÐòòWharton€on€Homicideóó€ðð€126).€Ð ð5,. Ðâ âÐ à7€.0 Ðà ` àThe€State€presented€evidence€at€trial€revealing€an€agreement€by€Adams,Ïâ âMaxwell,€Willoughby,€and€Marquel€Horton׃×Ý ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà ŠŠŠ“\ÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€during€the€day€of€June€2,€1996,€to€ð ðrunÐ P ð Ðup€in,ðð€or€rob,€the€home€of€victim€Antonio€Givens.€€According€to€Horton,ÏDefendants€met€each€other€at€Maxwellððs€residence,€and€Horton€then€drove€themÏto€the€victimððs€house€in€his€motherððs€car.€€Willoughby€broke€down€the€back€doorÏof€the€home,€and€Defendants€entered,€each€drawing€a€weapon.œñÁñ׃×ñÁññÁñ׃×ñÁñÝ ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€DefendantsÐ x  Ðsearched€the€house€and€found€a€nine€millimeter€Intertech€handgun€underneathÏGivensðð€mattress.€€Shortly€after€Defendants€entered,€Horton€saw€a€black€carÏapproaching€the€house.€€He€called€a€warning€to€the€others€and€ran€out€the€backÏdoor€toward€a€wooded,€brushy€area€behind€the€home.€€ÌÌà ` àHorton€then€heard€two€gunshots€as€he€escaped€into€the€back€of€theÏproperty;€a€neighbor€also€testified€to€hearing€two€gunshots.€€Defendants€AdamsÏand€Willoughby€caught€up€to€Horton€soon€thereafter,€but€Maxwell€had€abandonedÏthe€scene€and€his€whereabouts€were€unknown.€€Horton€asked€the€twoÏDefendants€who€fired€the€shots,€and€Willoughby€replied€that€he€had€fired€themÏboth.€€To€elude€police,€Defendants€walked€for€approximately€three€hours€beforeÏarriving€at€a€convenience€store;€telephoning€Adamsðð€girlfriend,€Patricia€MaxwellÏ(Defendant€Maxwellððs€sister),€to€pick€them€up;€and€going€back€to€MaxwellððsÏhouse.€€ÌÐ ð1(( Ðà ` àState€witness€Bernard€Robinson,€a€friend€of€victim€Givens,€testified€that€heÏand€Givens€returned€to€the€residence€at€nearly€midnight€on€June€2.€€RobinsonÏand€the€victim€noticed€that€heat„sensitive€lights€on€the€back€of€the€house€wereÏð ðblinking,ðð€that€Givensðð€dogs€were€barking,€and€that€a€vehicle€(later€identified€asÏregistered€to€Marquel€Hortonððs€mother)€was€parked€outside€the€house.€€AccordingÏto€Robinson,€Givens€drew€a€gun€and€approached€the€back€of€the€house.€€As€theÏvictim€rounded€the€corner€from€the€front€of€the€house,€Robinson€heard€twoÏgunshots€and€at€least€one€person€running€through€the€woods.€€Givens€ran€fromÏthe€back€of€the€house€toward€Robinson,€and€Robinson€carried€the€victim€acrossÏthe€street€to€seek€help€from€a€nurse€who€lived€nearby.€€Givens€died€in€the€earlyÏmorning€of€June€3€from€one€gunshot€wound€to€the€chest€fired€from€his€own€nineÏmillimeter€Intertech€gun,€a€weapon€which€was€later€found€by€police€in€DefendantÏMaxwellððs€bedroom€closet.ÌÌà ` àDefendantsðð€argument€that€Givensðð€murder€was€committed€upon€theÏcompletion€of€the€burglary€must€fail.€€The€facts€of€this€case€are€quite€similar€toÏthose€of€òòState€v.€Hopperóó,€695€S.W.2d€530€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985),€in€which€theÐ à)€  Ðdefendantððs€accomplice€in€a€robbery€shot€and€killed€a€Memphis€police€officerÏduring€a€high„speed€chase.€€òòId.óó€at€533„34.€€Hopper€claimed€that€the€officer€hadÐ ð-$$ Ðnot€been€killed€in€the€perpetration€of€the€robbery,€and€that€his€felony€murderÏconviction€should€therefore€be€reversed.€€òòId.óó€at€535.€€This€Court€rejected€HopperððsÐ 2 (( Ðargument,€stating€that€the€officer€had€been€killed€while€the€defendant€and€hisÏaccomplice€were€fleeing€the€scene€of€the€robbery:€ð ðTheir€flight€was€part€andÏparcel€of€the€robbery€event,€and€was€not€collateral€to€it.€€Clearly,€the€killing€ofÏOfficer€Sykes€had€ððan€intimate€relation€and€close€connectionðð€to€the€robbery€ofÐ  :À00 ÐMs.€Mayham,€and€was€not€ððseparate,€distinct,€and€independent€from€it.ðððð€€òòId.óó€atÐ `  Ð535„36€(quoting€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€296€S.W.2d€879,€883€(Tenn.€1956));€òòsee€alsoóóÐ h  ÐòòState€v.€Brownóó,€756€S.W.2d€700,€702„03€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€Ð p  Ðà ` àÌà ` àSimilarly,€in€œòòBrownóó,›€a€victim€of€robbery€was€killed€when€the€perpetratorsÐ €  Ðdiscovered€that€he€had€only€six€dollars.€€We€affirmed€the€defendantððs€felonyÏmurder€conviction,€œholdingñ¸ñ,ñ¸ññÁñ›ñÁññ¹ñ:ñ¹ñ›€ÌÓÓà8 ` àThe€proof€shows€that€the€defendants€killed€the€victim€because€theyÏwere€angry€that€he€had€only€a€small€amount€of€money€and€becauseÏthey€believed€that€his€death€would€prevent€them€from€beingÏidentified€as€the€robbers.€€òòThe€fact€that€the€murder€occurred€after€theÐ ¤D Ðrobbery€was€completed€does€not€make€the€murder€collateral€to€theÏrobberyóó.€€The€jury€reasonably€could€conclude,€as€the€verdict€showsÐ ¬L Ðit€did,€that€the€murder€was€accomplished€in€order€to€preventÏidentification€of€the€defendants€by€the€victim.ÓR5ÓÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐòòBrownóó,€756€S.W.2d€at€703€(emphasis€added);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Donald€C.€Leeóó,Ð ¼ \ ÐC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9607„CR„00277,€Knox€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,ÏMay€28,€1997),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1998)€(finding€that€murderÐ Ì$l Ðoccurred€during€perpetration€of€robbery€when€police€engaged€in€a€chase€twenty„¼five€minutes€later€that€resulted€in€a€death,€and€defendant€had€not€yet€reached€aÏð ðplace€of€temporary€safetyðð€from€the€robbery).€€€€ÌÌà ` àHere,€Defendants€were€fleeing€from€the€scene€of€the€burglary€and€theftÏwhen€the€killing€occurred.€€The€facts€demonstrate€that€Defendants€were€in€theÏprocess€of€executing€the€burglary€and€its€underlying€theft€at€the€time€the€victimÏarrived€home.€€In€addition,€the€evidence€indicates€that€the€crime€would€haveÏcontinued€but€for€the€interruption€causing€them€to€flee;€and€the€victim€was€shotÏfor€his€attempts€to€thwart€the€crime€and€in€facilitation€of€Defendantsðð€escape€fromÐ 9¼// Ðthe€scene.€€We€conclude€that€sufficient€evidence€existed€by€which€a€jury€couldÏfind€that€this€murder€was€committed€in€ð ðclose€connection€to,ðð€and€thus,€inÏperpetration€of€a€felony.€ÌÌà ` àDefendants€urge€a€different€result€based€upon€this€Courtððs€opinions€in€òòStateÐ €  Ðv.€Seversóó,€759€S.W.2d€935€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988),€and€òòState€v.€DerenzyÐ ˆ(  ÐTurneróó,€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9512„CR„00390,€Shelby€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð 0  ÐJackson,€June€11,€1997),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1998).€€In€òòSeversóó,€weÐ ˜8 Ðheld€that€when€the€death€results€from€an€attempt€to€thwart€the€felony€rather€thanÏperpetrate€it,€and€when€the€death€is€proximately€caused€by€one€other€than€theÏaccused€or€an€accomplice,€the€murder€is€not€committed€òòin€furtherance€ofóó€theÐ °P Ðfelony,€but€instead€collateral€to€it.€€òòSeversóó,€759€S.W.2d€at€938.€€Such€a€situationÐ ¸X Ðis€clearly€not€before€this€Court.ÌÌà ` àThe€facts€of€òòTurneróó€differ€slightly€from€those€of€òòSeversóó€because€theÐ Ð%p Ðintended€victim€killed€a€third„party€bystander,€rather€than€a€co„perpetrator.€ÏòòTurneróó,€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9512„CR„00390,€slip€op.€at€9„10.€€In€òòTurneróó,€the€juryÐ à)€  Ðfound€the€intended€victim€of€robbery€guilty€of€second€degree€murder€of€theÏbystander.€€òòId.óó€€We€noted€that,€in€order€to€so€find,€the€jury€must€necessarily€haveÐ ð-$$ Ðconcluded€that€the€robbery€had€ended€and€that€the€intended€robbery€victim€didÏnot€act€in€self„defense.€€òòId.óó€€The€jury€verdict€of€second€degree€murder€indicatedÐ 2 (( Ðthat€the€facts€supported€ð ða€separate,€knowing€actðð€of€murder.€€òòId.óó€€This€is€also€notÐ 4¨** Ðthe€case€before€this€Court,€and€we€affirm€the€conviction€of€each€Defendant€forÏfelony€murder.€€ÌÐ  :À00 Ðà@¤¤)®àòòB.€MaxwellóóˆÐ `  Ðà ` àDefendant€Maxwell€raises€one€additional€issue€relating€to€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence:€he€complains€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€show€hisÏparticipation€in€the€acts€charged€because€the€only€testimony€implicating€him€wasÏthat€of€Marquel€Horton,€an€accomplice.€€Maxwell€contends€that€an€accusedÏcannot€be€convicted€based€upon€the€uncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accompliceÏand€that€the€jury€should€have€been€so€instructed.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€record€does€reflect€that€the€trial€court€did€not€instruct€the€jury€thatÏtestimony€of€an€accomplice€must€be€corroborated.€€However,€we€need€not€decideÏwhether€the€trial€court€had€a€duty€to€provide€the€instruction€under€these€factsÏbecause€we€find€that,€even€if€the€failure€was€error,€the€error€was€harmless.€€TheÏtestimony€necessary€to€corroborate€an€accompliceððs€testimony€ð ðmay€be€direct€orÏentirely€circumstantial,€and€it€need€not€be€adequate,€in€and€of€itself,€to€support€aÏconviction;€it€is€sufficient€to€meet€the€requirements€of€the€rule€if€it€fairly€andÏlegitimately€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€the€commission€of€the€crimeÏcharged.ðð€€òòHenley€v.€Stateóó,€489€S.W.2d€53,€56€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972)€(citingÐ à)€  ÐòòSherrill€v.€Stateóó,€321€S.W.2d€811€(Tenn.€œ1959))ñÄñ.€›€ñÄññÆññÅñ;€ñÅññÆññÇñ.ñÇññÈññÇñ€ñÇññÈññÇñ€;ñÇññÉñ€òòñÉññÊñsee€alsoóóñÊññËñ€òòñËññÌñState€v.€BigbeeóóñÌññÍñ,€885Ð è+ˆ"" ÐS.W.2d€797,€803„04€(Tenn.€1994).ñÍññÌññËñóóñËññÌññÊññÉñóóñÉññÊñ›Ìà ` àÌà ` àHere,€police€found€in€Maxwellððs€bedroom€closet€a€nine€millimeter€handgunÏthat€the€accomplice,€Horton,€testified€Maxwell€carried€in€the€burglary.€€In€addition,Ïpolice€found€the€nine€millimeter€weapon€that€belonged€to€the€victim€and€causedÏhis€death€in€the€same€location.€€We€believe€this€evidence€more€than€satisfies€theÏStateððs€burden€of€corroboration€in€this€case.€€Therefore,€the€jury€was€givenÐ  :À00 Ðevidence€sufficient€to€support€its€finding€that€Maxwell€participated€in€the€eventsÏat€hand,€and€any€error€by€the€trial€court€in€failing€to€provide€an€instruction€onÏcorroboration€was€harmless.€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà@ÄÄ%®àII.€IMPARTIAL€JURYˆÌà ` àDefendants€Adams€and€Willoughby€claim€an€abridgment€of€their€right€to€aÏfair€trial€because€of€a€ð ðtaintedðð€jury€panel.€€This€argument€has€two€prongs:€First,ÏDefendants€contend€that€the€venire€was€comprised€of€too€few€potential€jurors.€ÏSecond,€Defendants€argue€that€their€panel€was€not€impartial€because€it€hadÏpreviously€rendered€guilty€verdicts€in€several€first€degree€murder€cases,€includingÏtwo€capital€cases.€€We€reject€this€assignment€of€error€and€find€no€violation.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€crux€of€Defendantsðð€first€argument€is€that€jurors€were€selected€evenÏafter€the€point€at€which€Defendants€had€been€ð ðforced€to€exhaust€all€of€theirÏperemptory€challenges.ðð€€Although€the€record€does€not€clearly€demonstrateÏwhether€all€peremptories€had€been€exercised,€we€need€not€determine€this€fact.€ÏA€jury€is€not€rendered€ð ðtaintedðð€simply€because€Defendants€exhaust€their€allottedÏnumber€of€peremptory€challenges.€€Moreover,€the€record€reflects€that€a€newÏpanel€of€potential€jurors€was€ready€and€available€had€the€original€venire€beenÏdepleted.€€€€ÌÌà ` àIn€addition,€Defendants€contend€that€the€final€juror,€selected€afterÏperemptories€had€been€exhausted,€should€have€been€removed€for€cause.€€TheÏrecord€does€not€reflect€that€this€final€juror€was€ever€challenged€for€cause€by€anyÏof€the€parties;€therefore,€we€have€no€alleged€œerror€presented€for€review.€Ð  :À00 ÐFurthermore,›€we€would€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€by€the€trial€court€even€if€thisÏjuror€had€been€challenged€for€cause€but€not€excused.€€The€record€reveals€aÏlengthy€and€comprehensive€examination€of€the€juror,€during€which€he€ultimatelyÏexpressed€the€unqualified€ability€to€follow€the€law€without€partiality.€€€€€€ÌÌà ` àDefendantsðð€argument€that€the€jury€was€impartial€because€it€had€previouslyÏbeen€seated€during€the€term€for€first€degree€murder€cases€must€also€be€rejected.€ÏAlthough€the€record€indicates€that€four€jurors€in€this€case€had€indeed€decidedÏsuch€prior€cases,€the€record€must€also€demonstrate€prejudice€on€the€part€ofÏDefendants.€€We€find€no€such€prejudice€here.€€Counsel€for€Defendants€broughtÏthis€matter€to€the€attention€of€the€trial€judge,€who€responded,€ð ðI€am€veryÏcomfortable€with€this€jury,€and€when€I€say€ððcomfortableðð€I€mean€that€I€feel€likeÏthere€is€a€jury€in€the€box,€all€of€whom€would€be€fair€and€impartial€to€the€State€andÏto€the€defendants.ðð€€(R.€at€Vol.€II,€51„52.)€€The€record€reveals€nothing€that€wouldÏcall€into€question€the€impartiality€of€a€particular€juror;׃×Ý ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€therefore,€we€conclude€thatÐ Ð%p Ðthe€trial€judge€did€not€abuse€his€discretion.€€òòSeeóó€òòTrail€v.€Stateóó,€526€S.W.2d€127,Ð Ø'x Ð129€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1974)€(following€òòWarden€v.€Stateóó,€381€S.W.2d€247,€250Ð à)€  Ð(Tenn.€œ1964)),›€to€hold€that€jurors€are€not€rendered€impartial€simply€by€virtue€ofÏhearing€ð ðan€earlier,€similar€and€related€caseðð);€òòState€v.€Percy€McIntoshóó,€C.C.A.Ð ð-$$ ÐNo.€88„230„III,€Robertson€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Feb.€16,€1989),Ð ø/˜&& Ðòòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1989).Ð 2 (( ÐÌÐ 6°,, Їà@  ®àIII.€MERGER€OF€FELONY€MURDER€AND€UNDERLYING€FELONYˆÌà ` àDefendants€Adams€and€Willoughby€also€assert€that€their€convictions€forÏespecially€aggravated€burglary€should€have€been€dismissed€or€merged€with€theirÏfelony€murder€convictions.€€Neither€dismissal€nor€merger€is€appropriate€in€thisÏcase,€but€we€reduce€the€conviction€for€especially€aggravated€burglary€toÏaggravated€burglary.ÌÌà ` àIn€òòState€v.€Blackburnóó,€694€S.W.2d€934€(Tenn.€1985),€our€supreme€courtÐ ˜8 Ðheld€that€a€criminal€defendant€can€constitutionally€be€tried€and€convicted€for€firstÏdegree€felony€murder€and€the€underlying€felony€in€a€single€trial.€€òòId.óó€at€936.€€TheÐ ¨H Ðð ðkey€issue,ðð€according€to€the€supreme€court,€is€ð ðwhether€the€legislature€intendedÏcumulative€punishment.ðð€€òòId.óó€€In€a€prosecution€for€felony€murder€and€theÐ ¸X Ðunderlying€felony,€the€court€concluded,€there€is€no€double€jeopardy€violationÏrequiring€dismissal€or€merger€because€ð ð[t]he€two€statutes€are€directed€to€separateÏevils.€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòAlbernaz€v.€United€Statesóó,€450€U.S.€333,€343€(1981));€òòsee€alsoóóÐ Ð%p ÐòòState€v.€Dentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€373,€377€n.11€(Tenn.€1996)€(in€dictum,€retaining€thisÐ Ø'x Ðrule€in€light€of€clarified€double€jeopardy€analysis);€òòState€v.€Lewisóó,€919€S.W.2d€62,Ð à)€  Ð69€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€756€S.W.2d€700,€703€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð è+ˆ"" ÐApp.€1988).ÌÌà ` àDefendants€may€not,€however,€be€convicted€of€both€felony€murder€andÏòòespeciallyóó€aggravated€burglary.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„404(d).€€TheÐ 4¨** Ðlegislature€has€prohibited€such€multiple€prosecution:€ð ðActs€which€constitute€anÏoffense€under€this€[especially€aggravated€burglary]€section€may€be€prosecutedÏunder€this€section€or€any€other€applicable€section,€but€not€both.ðð€€òòId.óó€€This€CourtÐ  :À00 Ðhas€construed€ðð€39„14„404(d)€to€prohibit€the€factor€of€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€fromÏbeing€used€to€constitute€especially€aggravated€burglary€and€to€enhance€orÏcomprise€an€element€of€another€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hollandóó,€860€S.W.2d€53,Ð p  Ð60€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Olleróó,€851€S.W.2d€841,€843€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð x ÐApp.€1992);€òòState€v.€Jehiel€Fieldsóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9607„CC„00261,€BradleyÐ €  ÐCounty€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Mar.€18,€1997).€€The€State€acknowledgesÏthat€the€especially€aggravated€burglary€convictions€cannot€stand.€€We€thereforeÏmodify€the€convictions€for€all€Defendants€to€aggravated€burglary,€and€we€reduceÏthe€sentences€as€follows:€Adams,€from€twenty€years€to€ten€years;׃×Ý ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Maxwell,€fromÐ  @ Ðtwelve€years€to€six€years;€and€Willoughby,€from€twelve€years€to€six€years.׃×Ý ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€€€€€€Ð ¨H Ѐ€Ìà@#®àIV.€DENIAL€OF€SEVERANCEˆÌà ` àMaxwell€alone€complains€that€the€trial€court€improperly€denied€his€motionÏto€sever€the€proceedings€and€that€this€denial€was€prejudicial.€€The€trial€courtÏpossesses€great€discretion€to€grant€or€deny€severance€of€properly€joinedÏdefendants,€and€ð ðthe€courtððs€decision€will€not€be€reversed€unless€it€clearlyÏprejudiced€the€defendant.ðð€€òòState€v.€Hutchisonóó,€898€S.W.2d€161,€166€(Tenn.Ð à)€  Ð1994)€(citing€òòState€v.€Colemanóó,€619€S.W.2d€112,€116€(Tenn.€1981)).€€In€addition,Ð è+ˆ"" Ðð ð€[m]ere€hostility€between€defendants,€attempts€to€cast€the€blame€for€the€offenseÏon€each€other,€or€other€ððfinger€pointing€and€tattling€will€not,€standing€alone,€justifyÏthe€granting€of€[a]€severance€on€the€ground€the€defendantsðð€respective€defensesÐ 2 (( Ðare€antagonistic.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Mabryóó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9112„CC„00369,€DavidsonÐ `  ÐCounty€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€June€19,€1992),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóóÐ h  Ð(Tenn.€1992)€(quoting€òòUnited€States€v.€Arrudaóó,€715€F.2d€671,€679€(1st€Cir.Ð p  Ð1983)).€€We€find€neither€abuse€of€that€discretion€nor€clear€prejudice€in€this€case.ÌÌà ` àMaxwell€identifies€three€portions€of€allegedly€inappropriate€testimony€toÏsupport€his€claim€of€prejudice,€but€does€not€identify€any€prejudicial€use€of€theÏtestimony.€€In€two€of€the€cited€instances,€Defendantððs€counsel€objected€to€theÏoffensive€testimony,€and€the€trial€court€sustained€the€objection€and€ordered€theÏtestimony€stricken€from€the€record.€€We€have€no€reason€to€believe€that€the€juryÏconsidered€this€testimony€in€deliberations.€€Ìà ` àÌà ` àIn€the€third€instance,€Horton€testified€that€Defendant€Willoughby€stated,€ð ðHeÏfired€twice.ðð€€Maxwell€asserts€that€the€context€of€questioning€incorrectly€indicatedÏthat€Willoughbyððs€statement€implicated€another€Defendant,€rather€than€himself.׃×Ý ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РÐ%p ÐHowever,€the€record€reflects€that€any€confusion€was€clarified€on€redirect€by€theÏState:ÌÓÓà8 ` àQ.à ¸ à(By€Mr.€Allen)€Mr.€Horton,€I€believe€you€said€that€when€yððallÐ è+ˆ"" Ðwere€in€the€woods,€and€[Willoughby]€and€[Adams]€came€out€into€theÏwoods,€you€asked,€ð ðWho€shot;ðð€is€that€correct?Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àA.à ¸ àYes,€sir.Ðø/˜&&` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àQ.à ¸ àAnd€what€did€[Willoughby]€tell€you?Ð2 ((` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àA.à ¸ àHe€just€said€„„€he€said,€ð ðI€fired€two€times.ððÐ4¨**` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àQ.à ¸ àAll€right.€€And€who€was€he€referring€to?Ð6°,,` ü!` ü! Їà8 ` àA.à ¸ àWho€was€he€referring€to€„„€who€shot€the€person?€€He€said,€ð ðheÐ `  Ðdid.ððÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àQ.à ¸ àTalking€about€himself?Ðl ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àA.à ¸ àYes,€sir.Ðt` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àQ.à ¸ àHe€never€said€that€anybody€else€shot?Ð|` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àA.à ¸ àNo,€sir.Є$ ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àQ.à ¸ àJust€himself?ÐŒ, ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àA.à ¸ àYes,€sir.ÓQnÓД4 ` ü!` ü! ÐAny€confusion€concerning€the€misleading€cross€examination€of€Horton€wasÏundoubtedly€cured€by€the€Stateððs€redirect€examination.€€In€addition,€we€have€noÏevidence€tending€to€show€that€the€jury€failed€to€disregard€any€objectionableÏstatements€stricken€from€the€record.€€We€must€reject€this€assignment€of€error€byÏDefendant€Maxwell.ÌÌà@%®àV.€JURY€MISCONDUCTˆÌà ` àIn€his€next€issue€for€review,€Maxwell€argues€that€jury€misconduct€violatedÏhis€right€to€a€fair€trial.€€Specifically,€he€claims€that€at€least€two€jurors€found€himÏð ðnot€guiltyðð€in€the€initial€vote€during€deliberations.€€He€presented€an€affidavit€fromÏa€juror€in€support€of€his€motion€for€a€new€trial,€in€which€a€juror€disclosed€that€aÏstatement€by€counsel€indicating€that€all€three€Defendants€were€at€the€sceneÏcaused€those€jurors€to€find€Maxwell€guilty.׃×Ý ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð ü0œ'' ÐÌà ` àMaxwell€cites€a€good€portion€of€the€body€of€law€regarding€when€(and€byÏwhat€evidence)€a€jury€verdict€may€be€impeached,€but€we€find€it€unnecessary€toÐ 7´-- Ðdelve€into€the€legal€landscape€of€this€issue.€€First,€the€juror€who€provided€theÏsupporting€affidavit€was€òònotóó€one€of€the€two€initially€finding€Maxwell€ð ðnot€guilty.ðð€Ð h  ÐThe€affiant€stated€that€she€ð ðpersonally€thought€that€Mr.€Maxwell€was€there€[at€theÏscene],ðð€but€that€it€was€her€ð ðòòopinionóó€that€the€people€who€had€voted€not€guilty€onÐ x Ðthe€first€call€òòperhapsóó€would€not€have€changed€their€mindðð€had€they€not€relied€onÐ €  Ðthe€statement€by€counsel.€€(Emphasis€added.)€€Second,€the€offensive€statementÏhas€been€described€but€has€not€been€cited€to€the€record€with€any€particularity.€ÏThird,€the€statement€complained€of,€allegedly€made€during€questioning€of€aÏwitness,€was€made€by€Maxwellððs€òòown€counselóó.€€We€simply€decline€to€hold€thatÐ  @ ÐDefendant€may€assign€error€when€the€jury€listens€to€the€questions€asked€by€hisÏattorney€in€the€course€of€questioning€a€witness.€€Jury€misconduct€has€not€beenÏestablished.ÌÌà@  ®àVI.€APPLICATION€OF€THE€MAXIMUM€SENTENCEˆÌà ` àMaxwellððs€final€argument€is€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him€toÏthe€maximum€penalty€available€for€burglary,€conspiracy,€and€theft.׃×Ý ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Although€thisÐ Ø'x ÐCourt€must€conduct€a€de€novo€review€when€a€criminal€defendant€appeals€theÏlength,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€sentence;€the€legislature€has€imposed€aÏð ðpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appealÏis€taken€are€correct.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€presumption€ofÏcorrectness€is€conditioned,€however,€upon€proper€consideration€by€the€trial€courtÏâ âof€the€sentencing€principles€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„103.€€òòStateÐ 4¨** Ðv.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€168€(Tenn.€1991).€€Following€review,€we€find€no€errorsÐ `  Ðand€affirm€the€decision€of€the€trial€court.׃×Ý ƒ¦ÝÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔÔ€Šà Š ŠŠÃÔòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð h  Ðâ âÌà ` àFor€Defendant€Maxwell,€the€trial€court€found€two€enhancement€factors:ÏFirst,€ð ðthe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminalÏbehavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€range€.€.€.€;€and€theÏdefendant€was€ajudicated€[sic]€to€have€committed€deliquent€[sic]€act€or€acts€whichÏwould€constitute€a€felony.ðð€€Second,€the€court€found€that€the€defendantÏpossessed€a€firearm€during€commission€of€the€offense.€€ÌÌà ` àBoth€enhancement€factors€are€well€borne€out€by€the€facts:€DefendantððsÏjuvenile€convictions€include€three€thefts€of€property€under€$500,€attempted€theftÏunder€$500,€two€thefts€over€$500,€two€counts€of€aggravated€burglary,€sixÏadditional€felony€thefts,€vehicle€burglary,€auto€theft,€another€theft,€possession€ofÏa€deadly€weapon,€vehicle€theft€over€$1,000,€and€vehicle€theft€over€$5,000.€€WithÏrespect€to€the€second€enhancement€factor,€Marquel€Horton€testified€at€trial€thatÏMaxwell€carried€a€nine€millimeter€handgun€during€the€course€of€the€burglary.€€InÏaddition,€police€located€this€gun€and€the€victimððs€gun,€the€murder€weapon,€inÏMaxwellððs€bedroom€closet;€and€Defendant€presented€no€evidence€tending€toÏshow€that€anyone€other€than€Maxwell€placed€the€firearms€in€his€possession.€€WeÏconclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€applied€these€enhancement€factors€toÏincrease€Defendantððs€sentence€from€the€minimum€in€the€range.€€€€Ì€€€€Ð 6°,, Ðà ` àMaxwell€tendered€three€mitigation€factors:€that€his€participation€in€theÏoffense€was€minor,€that€there€was€no€evidence€to€show€he€fired€a€weapon,€andÏthat€he€lacked€substantial€judgment€because€of€his€youth.€€The€trial€court€rejectedÏall€three€factors,€and€we€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€in€œñÎñitsñÎññÏñhisñÏñ€doing›€so.€€Ì€€€€à ` àÐ €  Ðà ` àMaxwell€challenges€the€rejection€of€only€one€of€his€proposed€mitigatingÏfactorsð"ðthat€he€lacked€substantial€judgment€because€of€his€youth.€€He€citesÏòòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€33€(Tenn.€1993),€and€òòState€v.€Carteróó,€908Ð ˜8 ÐS.W.2d€410€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€for€the€proposition€that€the€trial€court€shouldÏhave€accepted€this€mitigating€factor.€€In€òòAdamsóó,€our€supreme€court€affirmed€theÐ ¨H Ðtrial€courtððs€rejection€of€this€factor€based€upon€facts€dissimilar€to€this€case€butÏnevertheless€tending€to€show€that€the€defendant€did€not€lack€judgment€becauseÏof€his€youth.€€864€S.W.2d€at€33.€€Likewise,€this€Court€approved€the€rejection€ofÏthe€same€factor€in€òòCarteróó,€based€upon€a€finding€that€ð ðthe€defendant€wasÐ È#h Ðsufficiently€mature€to€understand€the€nature€of€his€conduct.ðð€€908€S.W.2d€at€413.ÌÌà ` àAccording€to€òòAdamsóó,€a€court€presented€with€this€mitigating€factor€ð ðshouldÐ à)€  Ðconsider€the€concept€of€youth€in€context,€i.e.,€the€defendantððs€age,€education,Ïmaturity,€experience,€mental€capacity€or€development,€and€any€other€pertinentÏcircumstance€tending€to€demonstrate€the€defendantððs€ability€or€inability€toÏappreciate€the€nature€of€his€conduct.ðð€€864€S.W.2d€at€33.€€We€are€convinced€thatÏthe€trial€judge€below€weighed€the€above€considerations.€€Although€DefendantÏMaxwell€committed€these€crimes€at€the€age€of€16,€we€find€no€abuse€of€discretionÏin€concluding€that€his€youthful€age€did€not€cause€a€lack€of€substantial€judgment.ÌÐ  :À00 Ðà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€therefore€reversed€as€to€the€especiallyÏaggravated€burglary€convictions€and€affirmed€as€to€the€remainder€of€theÏconvictions.€€We€vacate€the€conviction€for€especially€aggravated€burglary€andÏorder€instead€entry€of€convictions€for€aggravated€burglary.€€The€œDefendantñ¿ñððñ¿ñs›œñÀñððñÀñ›Ïsentences€for€aggravated€burglary€are€set€as€follows:€Adams,€10€years;€Maxwell,Ï6€years;€and€Willoughby,€6€years.€€All€sentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently.ÌÌÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€SPECIAL€JUDGE