ÿWPCÜ ;# J %U 0í[UBH4Šžn­­U:Z” 0Jœw@æ 01& 0DWU:› 0TÕ 0^) 1m‡ 0cô 0hW 0r¿ 0|1 0†­ 03 1uà 0@8 D3x B« 0dÈ AQ,Æ} 0DC 0D‡ D/Ë BúU *U.AB)oDC˜ AMÛs(f›Ñ¹Òv~‹vÓ ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiB\J#3|x] «<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô C DD DE F DG H Ó€T W X ] (á(3sÒ$¤¤Ý ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€V=XXdÈdæ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô#7e37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;3À$´´Ô27eÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò""""'ÿÿdxd dP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd< Œ 9p`(Arial< Œ 9p`(Courier% Line 7 d22227Border 1dd* 3Cþÿ << Gÿÿ iÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€0ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€0ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€0XÔÌÌò òNovember€20,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€0ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ ÇÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€0ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Ô€0ôÔPursuant€to€an€amendment€effective€July€1,€1995,€first€degree€murder€was€amended,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïpurportedly€deleting€the€requirement€of€deliberation.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).›€€€€€€€€€Ì ¯Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€0ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ7À¶PXXdÈXXdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€0ôÔWe€note€that€the€provision€defining€felony€murder€was€amended€in€1995€to€delete€theÏreckless€mens€rea›€element.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€œ39„13„202.›€€Pursuant€to€the€amendment,€ð ð[œn]o›€culpable€mentalÏstate€is€required€for€conviction€under€[the€felony€murder]€subdivision€.€.€.€except€the€intent€to€commit€theÏenumerated€offenses€or€acts€.€.€.€.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€œ39„13„202›œ.›€€€€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€0ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€11Xd#ÑÑ#€11Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÙ€*ÙÑ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›œßR€453A1-j|Lÿò` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€JACKSONà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€SEPTEMBER€1995€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,à àà à)à àNo.€02C01„9503„CR„00078Ìà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à à€Shelby€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àHonorable€James€C.€Beasley,€Jr.,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà à)ÌMICHAEL€ADDISON,€€€€€€€€€€€€€à à)à à(First€degree€Murder)Ìà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àòòà àFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌA.C.€Wharton,€Jr.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÌ€€€€€€€€€and€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àà àandÌW.€Mark€Ward€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àWilliam€David€Bridgers€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€TennesseeÌ201€Poplar€Avenueà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌSuite€201à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌMemphis,€TN€38103„1947Ìà àà àà àà àà àJohn€W.€Pierotti€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€Generalà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àP.€Thomas€Hoover,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€andÌà àà àà àà àà àPaul€F.€GoodmanÌà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorneys€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue€Ìà àà àà àà àà àSuite€301Ìà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€38103„1947€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:_______________________ÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌ€€€€€€ÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÑ7€ Ƀ XXdæXXdÈ7ÑÓÓòòò òà àà àà àà àO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌà àó óThe€defendant,€Michael€Addison,€appeals€as€of€right€from€a€juryÏconviction€in€the€Criminal€Court€of€Shelby€County€for€first€degree€murder.€€TheÏdefendant€received€a€sentence€of€life€imprisonment€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€In€this€appeal,€he€contends€that:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction;ÌÌÓ  Óà8 à(2)€the€œjuryððs€dual›€findings€of€guilt€for€first€degreeÏpremeditated€murder€and€felony€murder€violate€doubleÏjeopardy€principles;€andÌÌà8 à(3)€the€trial€court€erroneously€allowed€evidence€of€theÏdefendantððs€prior€theft€convictions€to€impeach€theÏdefendantððs€credibility.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓWe€disagree€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€conviction.ÌÌà àOn€April€2,€1993,€Donald€Ray€Irby€was€found€in€the€front€seat€of€his€car.€ÏHe€had€been€shot€one€time€in€the€head,€resulting€in€his€death.€€The€car€he€was€drivingÏhad€crashed€into€the€Three€Star€Liquor€Store.€€The€car€was€still€in€gear€with€the€tiresÏspinning,€causing€the€car€to€overheat€and€make€ruts€in€the€ground.€€ÌÌà àSergeant€Michael€Houston€of€the€Memphis€Police€DepartmentÏinvestigated€the€crime.€€He€testified€that€he€examined€the€victimððs€body€at€the€morgueÏon€April€3,€1993,€and€noticed€a€head€injury€from€a€œgunshot.›€€He€also€examined€theÏvictimððs€car.€€The€front€of€the€car€had€been€wrecked,€two€tires€were€flat,€and€the€frontÏpassengerððs€side€window€was€broken.€€Sergeant€Houston€also€found€mud€on€theÏinside€of€the€right€front€passengerððs€side€and€inferred€that€the€door€was€open€while€theÏvehicle€was€stuck€in€the€mud.€€Blood€was€also€on€the€œarmrest›€between€the€front€seatÏand€on€items€lying€in€the€floorboard€in€the€œbackseat.›€€Sergeant€Houston€testified€thatÏwhen€he€went€to€the€back€of€the€liquor€store,€he€noticed€a€small€fence€that€had€beenÏknocked€down€and€ruts€in€the€ground€where€the€wheels€of€the€car€had€been€stuck.€€HeÏalso€stated€that€a€few€people€who€operated€local€businesses€told€him€that€althoughÏthey€did€not€witness€the€shooting,€they€heard€the€noise€of€the€car€accelerating€at€a€highÏrate€of€speed.ÌÌà àSergeant€Houston€also€testified€that€he€received€a€call€on€April€4,€1993,Ïfrom€a€couple€of€people€who€identified€Michael€œDean›€as€the€person€responsible€forÏshooting€the€victim€and€that€Annie€Lee€Fason€was€with€the€defendant€when€theÏshooting€occurred.€€œDean€was€the€name€that€the€defendant€used€on€occasion.€ÏSergeant€Houston›€questioned€the€defendant€at€his€office.€€Sergeant€Houston€said€thatÏthe€defendant€initially€denied€any€involvement€in€the€crime€but€admitted€that€he€shotÏthe€victim€with€his€.357€Magnum€after€being€told€that€the€officers€were€aware€thatÏFason€witnessed€the€shooting.€€The€defendant€then€gave€a€statement€regarding€hisÏactions.€€ÌÌà àThe€defendantððs€statement€reflects€that€the€defendant€admitted€shootingÏthe€victim€on€April€2,€1993,€around€10:05€p.m.€€The€defendant€told€the€officers€that€heÏand€Fason€had€visited€her€daughter,€and€that€his€gun€went€off€as€he€raised€it€whenÏarguing€with€Fasonððs€daughter.€€He€said€that€he€and€Fason€left€and€went€to€ChismÏTrails€Store.€€While€there,€he€saw€the€victim€and€paid€him€five€dollars€to€take€them€toÏSouth€Memphis.€€The€defendant€rode€in€the€front€passenger€seat€and€Fason€sat€in€theÏœbackseat›€behind€the€victim.€€The€defendant€said€that€along€the€way€the€victim€turned€offÏthe€street€and€started€to€drive€behind€the€Three€Star€Liquor€Store.€€The€statementÏshows€that€the€defendant€asked€the€victim€why€he€was€turning€off.€€According€to€theÏdefendant,€the€victim€started€reaching€down€toward€the€seat€with€his€hand.€€TheÏdefendant€told€the€officers€that€he€then€pulled€his€.357€Magnum€out,€pointed€it€towardsÍthe€victim,€and€told€him€to€give€him€his€money€back€if€he€was€not€going€to€drive€them€toÏSouth€Memphis.€€He€said€that€he€then€shot€the€victim€one€time€in€the€upper€body€whenÏhe€started€to€reach€underneath€the€seat.€€The€statement€reflects€that€the€car€continuedÏto€accelerate,€crashing€into€the€back€wall€of€the€Three€Star€Liquor€Store.€€TheÏdefendant€and€Fason€exited€the€car€and€walked€to€South€Memphis€to€their€homes.€ÏThe€defendant€denied€that€either€he€or€Fason€took€anything€from€the€victim.€€He€alsoÏclaimed€that€Ernest€Sanders€stole€his€gun€the€next€day.ÌÌà àSergeant€Houston€stated€that€he€questioned€Sanders€about€the€gun€andÏthat€Sanders€denied€having€the€gun.€€Houston€said€that€he€never€found€theÏdefendantððs€gun.€€He€also€testified€that€he€did€not€find€a€weapon€under€the€seat€of€theÏvictimððs€car.€€ÌÌà àArthur€Townes€testified€that€he€was€shooting€pool€at€Earlððs€BarbecueÏlocated€next€door€to€the€liquor€store€on€April€2,€1993,€around€9:30€or€10:00€p.m.€€HeÏstated€that€while€shooting€pool€he€noticed€several€people€leaving€and€going€aroundÏthe€building.€€He€said€that€he€left€and€walked€around€the€building€and€that€he€sawÏseveral€people€standing€around€a€car.€€Townes€recalled€seeing€flames€coming€fromÏunderneath€the€car.€€He€testified€that€he€believed€that€the€car€had€been€in€gear€andÏrunning€for€a€long€time€because€the€exhaust€system€was€red.€€Townes€stated€that€heÏthen€walked€up€to€the€car,€opened€the€door,€and€saw€the€victim€inside.€€Townes€saidÍthat€the€car€was€filled€with€smoke.€€Believing€the€victim€was€drunk,€Townes,€with€theÏhelp€of€his€brother,€pulled€the€victim€from€the€car€and€then€turned€the€engine€off.€ÏTownes€testified€that€he€did€not€notice€a€weapon€on€the€victim€or€in€the€car.€€He€alsoÏtestified€that€he€thought€the€vehicle€would€explode€if€the€engine€had€not€been€turnedÏoff.€€ÌÌà àJeffery€Smith,€an€acquaintance€of€the€victimððs€family,€testified€that€he€wasÏwith€his€grandfather€at€the€Three€Star€Liquor€Store€on€April€2,€1993,€around€10:00€p.m.€ÏHe€stated€that€his€grandfather€told€him€that€he€heard€a€loud€rumbling€sound€as€he€leftÏthe€car.€€Smith€said€that€he€also€heard€the€noise€when€he€got€out€of€the€car€and€that€itÏwas€coming€from€the€back€of€the€building.€€Smith€testified€that€he€saw€a€car€behind€theÏbuilding€idling€real€loudly€as€he€looked€over€a€wooden€fence.€€He€and€his€grandfatherÏthen€went€around€the€building,€and€he€saw€fire€shooting€up€from€the€bottom€of€the€car.€ÏWhen€Townes€pulled€the€victim€from€the€car,€Smith€walked€over€and€removed€theÏvictimððs€black€leather€coat.€€Smith€said€that€he€took€the€jacket€to€the€victimððs€mother€andÏtold€her€that€the€victim€had€been€shot.€€Smith€and€the€victimððs€mother€then€returned€toÏthe€scene.€€Although€Smith€testified€that€he€did€not€see€a€gun€on€the€victim€or€aroundÏthe€car,€he€acknowledged€telling€the€officers€that€he€noticed€the€jacket€was€heavyÏwhen€he€picked€it€up.ÌÌà àAnnie€Lee€Fason€testified€that€she€had€known€the€defendant,€whom€sheÏalso€knew€as€Michael€Dean,€for€approximately€four€or€five€years.€€She€said€that€onÏApril€2,€1993,€the€defendant€asked€her€to€come€with€him€to€visit€his€son,€the€grandsonÏof€Fason,€at€her€nieceððs€house.€€While€at€her€nieceððs€house,€an€argument€ensuedÏbetween€the€defendant€and€Fasonððs€daughter€and€niece€because€the€defendantÏpermitted€the€child€to€handle€his€gun.€€According€to€Fason,€the€defendant€took€the€gunÏfrom€the€table€and€fired€it.€€Fason€said€that€she€and€the€defendant€then€left€and€walkedÏto€Chism€Trail€to€use€a€public€telephone€to€call€a€cab.€€While€the€defendant€was€on€theÏphone,€the€victim€drove€up.€€The€defendant€asked€him€for€a€ride€home.€€Fason€statedÏthat€the€victim€agreed€but€that€he€told€them€that€he€could€not€take€them€all€the€wayÏhome.€€ÌÌà àFason€testified€that€the€defendant€had€the€gun€under€his€pants€when€heÏgot€into€the€victimððs€car.€€She€recalled€that€when€the€victim€started€driving,€theÏdefendant€pulled€the€gun€out,€pointed€it€at€the€victimððs€head,€and€said,€ð ðLook€what€I€got.€ÏSee€what€I€got.ðð€€The€victim€replied,€ð ðYeah€man€I€see€it,€okay.ðð€€Fason€said€that€sheÏnever€saw€the€victim€with€a€weapon.€€Although€Fason€asked€the€defendant€not€to€do€it,Ïthe€defendant€shot€the€victim.€€Fason€testified€that€the€victim€was€turning€the€vehicleÏwhen€he€was€shot.€€She€stated€that€the€victim€was€trying€to€do€what€the€defendant€toldÏhim€to€do.€€Fason€also€testified€that€after€the€defendant€shot€the€victim,€the€car€ran€intoÍa€wooden€fence€and€stopped.€€She€said€that€the€motor€was€still€running.€€She€startedÏyelling,€and€the€defendant€got€out€of€the€car.€€ÌÌà àFason€stated€that€the€defendant€pointed€the€gun€at€her€and€grabbed€herÏarm,€ordering€her€out€of€the€car€and€threatening€to€kill€her.€€She€said€that€the€defendantÏtold€her€that€he€had€already€killed€one€person€and€that€killing€three€or€four€moreÏpeople€would€not€mean€anything.€€She€also€testified€that€she€got€out€of€the€car€andÏthey€started€to€walk€away.€€At€that€time,€the€defendant€told€her€to€wait,€and€he€walkedÏback€to€the€car€and€reached€through€the€window.€€Fason€testified€that€when€theÏdefendant€walked€back,€the€defendant€told€her€that€he€took€a€chain€from€the€victimððsÏneck€and€asked€her€whether€she€wanted€it.€€She€said€that€she€declined€theÏdefendantððs€offer€and€explained€that€she€did€not€run€away€because€she€was€afraid€theÏdefendant€would€shoot€her.€€ÌÌà àFason€said€that€they€then€walked€towards€their€homes.€€Along€the€way,Ïthey€stopped€at€a€service€station€because€the€defendant€wanted€to€purchase€beer.€€AtÏthat€time,€Fason€flagged€a€cab€down€and€went€to€her€sisterððs€house.€€Fason€stated€thatÏthe€defendant€came€to€her€sisterððs€house€and€asked€where€she€was.€€When€her€sisterÏtold€the€defendant€that€she€had€already€left,€he€went€away.€€ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Fason€admitted€that€she€and€the€defendant€hadÏbeen€drinking€that€day.€€She€conceded€that€she€did€not€attempt€to€help€the€victim€orÏcontact€the€police€regarding€the€shooting.€€However,€she€denied€that€the€gun€belongedÏto€her€and€that€she€was€showing€off€the€gun€at€her€nieceððs€house.€€ÌÌà àW.€J.€McNabb€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€conducted€the€crimeÏscene€investigation.€€When€he€arrived,€the€victimððs€car€was€directly€against€the€Villa€InnÏnext€to€the€liquor€store.€€Officer€McNabb€stated€that€the€car€had€driven€through€aÏwooden€fence€that€separated€the€Villa€Inn€from€the€liquor€store.€€He€said€that€the€carÏwas€still€in€gear€when€it€hit€the€building,€spinning€its€tires€and€digging€a€hole€in€theÏground.€€He€testified€that€the€tires€became€hot€because€the€engine€was€running€at€aÏhigh€rate€of€speed,€causing€them€to€blow€out€and€disintegrate.€€He€also€identified€theÑ€6ÑÇvictimððs€leather€coat€that€had€a€small€amount€of€blood€on€it.€€Officer€McNabb€stated€thatÏthere€were€two€cans€of€œBicardi›€Rum€mix€in€the€pockets€of€the€jacket.€€On€cross„examination,€Officer€McNabb€said€that€he€could€not€recall€whether€the€car€was€runningÏwhen€he€arrived.€€ÌÌà àWillie€Lee€Irby,€the€victimððs€mother,€testified€that€the€victim€left€home€to€goÏto€Chism€Trail€Store€at€approximately€three€minutes€before€10:00€p.m.€on€April€2,€1993.€ÏShe€said€that€he€was€wearing€a€leather€jacket,€a€gold€charm€necklace€and€his€classÏring.€€She€identified€a€receipt€reflecting€the€purchase€of€a€necklace.€€Ms.€Irby€testifiedÏthat€a€man€brought€the€victimððs€jacket€to€her€approximately€twenty€minutes€after€theÏvictim€had€left€and€told€her€that€he€was€dead.€€She€said€that€she€left€with€him€to€go€toÏthe€scene.€€She€stated€that€she€did€not€remove€anything€or€place€anything€in€theÏjacket.€€ÌÌà àDr.€Violet€Hnilica,€a€pathologist,€performed€an€autopsy€on€the€victim.€€SheÏtestified€that€a€single€œgunshot›€wound€to€the€head€caused€the€victimððs€death.€€AccordingÏto€Dr.€Hnilica,€the€bullet€caused€severe€brain€injury€and€a€fractured€skull.€€She€statedÏthat€the€victim€suffered€no€injuries€from€the€impact€of€the€car€hitting€the€building.€€Dr.ÏHnilica€said€that€the€victim€was€at€least€three€feet€away€from€the€shooter€because€thereÏwas€no€residue€near€the€wound€itself.€€ÌÌà àAndrea€Dean,€the€defendantððs€sister,€testified€that€on€the€day€of€the€crime,Ïshe,€Fason,€Fasonððs€son„in„law,€and€the€defendant€rode€around€together€and€drankÏbeer€for€approximately€two€or€three€hours.€€Later€that€evening,€they€dropped€her€off€atÏthe€home€of€Fasonððs€niece.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€and€Fason€returned€a€fewÏhours€later,€but€left€again€when€the€defendant€began€arguing€with€Fasonððs€niece€andÏdaughter€and€a€shot€was€fired.€€Ms.€Dean€testified€that€she€saw€Fason€with€a€gunÏbefore€and€after€they€picked€up€the€defendant€to€go€riding.€€She€recalled€seeing€FasonÏhand€the€gun€to€the€defendant.€€She€denied€that€Fason€took€the€defendantððs€gun€fromÏsome€children€who€were€playing€with€it.€€She€further€denied€that€the€defendant€ownedÏa€gun.€€She€also€said€that€the€defendant€did€not€have€a€vehicle€on€the€day€of€the€crime.€€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€also€went€by€the€name€of€Michael€Dean.€ÏHe€stated€that€on€April€2,€1993,€he€went€with€Ms.€Dean€and€Fason€to€drink€beer.€€HeÏstated€that€they€later€went€to€the€home€of€Fasonððs€niece.€€He€said€that€he€and€Fason€leftÏher€home€after€he€argued€with€Fasonððs€daughter€and€niece€and€the€gun€accidentallyÏwent€off€when€he€pulled€it€from€his€pants.€€They€walked€to€Chism€Trail€Store€and€askedÏthe€victim€for€a€ride€home.€€The€victim€agreed€and€started€driving€south,€stopping€onceÏat€a€gas€station€to€get€gas.€€According€to€the€defendant,€the€victim€turned€off€the€streetÏand€pulled€behind€the€Three€Star€Liquor€Store.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€asked€theÏvictim€where€he€was€taking€him€and€to€stop€the€car€and€let€him€out.€€He€testified€that€asÏhe€tried€to€open€the€car€door,€the€victim€reached€under€his€seat.€€The€defendant€statedÍthat€he€then€pulled€the€gun€from€his€pants€and€asked€the€victim€what€he€was€doing.€ÏWhen€the€victim€did€not€answer€him,€the€defendant€told€him€to€stop.€€According€to€theÏdefendant,€he€opened€the€door,€and€the€victim€came€up€as€he€had€one€foot€œoutside€the›Ïdoor.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€thought€the€victim€had€a€weapon.€€He€said€thatÏalthough€he€could€not€see€if€the€victim€had€anything€in€his€hand,€he€fired€the€gun€onceÏat€the€victim.€€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€recalled€the€car€hitting€the€building€and€making€a€lot€ofÏnoise.€€He€testified€that€after€Fason€got€out€of€the€vehicle,€they€walked€home.€€TheÏdefendant€claimed€that€the€gun€belonged€to€Fason€and€that€Fason€was€playing€withÏthe€gun€at€her€nieceððs€house.€€He€said€that€he€told€the€officers€that€the€gun€belonged€toÏhim€€€to€protect€Fason€because€she€was€his€childððs€grandmother.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€denied€pointing€the€gun€at€Fason,Ïtaking€the€victimððs€gold€chain,€and€offering€the€chain€to€Fason.€€He€also€claimed€that€heÏpaid€the€victim€ten€dollars€for€the€ride€and€that€the€gun€he€used€to€shoot€the€victim€wasÏstolen€from€his€living€room€the€next€day.€€The€defendant€conceded€that€he€had€priorÏconvictions€for€theft,€receiving€stolen€property€and€attempted€larceny€from€a€person.€€ÌÌà àIn€rebuttal,€Janie€Gary,€the€daughter€of€Fason€and€a€former€girlfriend€ofÏthe€defendant,€testified€that€the€defendant€came€to€her€cousinððs€house€on€April€2,€1993,Íand€that€the€defendant€was€playing€with€their€son€with€his€gun.€€She€said€that€anÏargument€took€place€regarding€the€defendant€allowing€the€child€to€handle€the€gun.€ÏAccording€to€Gary,€the€defendant€yelled,€ð ðBitch€Iððll€kill€youðð€and€fired€his€gun€after€sheÏand€her€cousin€shoved€him€out€the€door.€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà@ àò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óÌà àThe€defendant€was€charged€with€first€degree€murder€in€separate€countsÏof€an€indictment,€felony€murder€in€count€one€and€premeditated€and€deliberate€murderÏin€count€two.€€The€jury€returned€guilty€verdicts€on€each€count.€€The€trial€court€entered€aÏsingle€judgment€of€conviction€reflecting€a€conviction€for€first€degree€murder€and€aÏsentence€of€life€imprisonment.€€The€defendant€contends€that€there€is€insufficientÏevidence€to€support€his€conviction€for€first€degree€murder.€€The€state€contends€that€theÏevidence€is€sufficient€to€establish€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€defendant€is€guilty€ofÏfirst€degree€murder€based€on€either€theory.€€We€agree.ÌÌà àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,Ï319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€the€evidence,Ïbut€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€allÍreasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,Ï676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ï1978).ÌÌà@ àò òA.€€PREMEDITATED€AND€DELIBERATE€MURDERó óÌà àThe€defendant€first€contends€that€the€evidence€does€not€establish€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt€that€the€killing€was€premeditated€and€deliberate.€€At€the€time€of€theÏoffense,€the€unlawful,€intentional,€premeditated€and€deliberate€killing€of€anotherÏconstituted€first€degree€murder.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„13„201(a)€and€„202(a)(1)€(1991)œ× ƒ7 ××  ×›.€ÏOur€criminal€code€defined€a€deliberate€act€as€ð ðone€performed€with€a€cool€purpose,ððÏand€a€premeditated€act€as€ð ðone€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.ðð€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„201(b)(1)€and€(2)€(1991).€€In€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€our€supreme€court€furtherÏdefined€deliberation€as€requiring€some€period€of€reflection,€without€passion€orÏprovocation,€and€concluded€that€the€ð ðdeliberation€necessary€to€establish€first€degreeÏmurder€cannot€be€formed€in€an€instant.ðð€€836€S.W.2d€530,€539,€543€(Tenn.€1992).€ÏPremeditation€requires€a€showing€of€a€previously€formed€design€or€intent€to€kill.€€òòStateÏv.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,€147€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€existence€of€the€separate€and€distinctÏelements€of€premeditation€and€deliberation€is€a€question€of€fact€to€be€decided€by€theÏjury.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€541„42.€€In€this€respect,€the€determination€ofÍthe€state€of€mind€necessary€to€establish€the€elements€of€first€degree€murder€may€beÏshown€by€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€541;€òòState€v.ÏBurlisonóó,€868€S.W.2d€713,€717€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).ÌÌà àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€proof€establishes€that€theÏdefendant€aimed€a€gun€at€the€victimððs€head€while€the€victim€was€giving€him€and€FasonÏa€ride.€€The€defendant€told€the€victim,€ð ðLook€what€I€got.€€See€what€I€got,ðð€and€the€victimÏreplied€that€he€saw€the€gun€as€he€continued€to€drive€the€car.€€Although€Fason€askedÏthe€defendant€not€to€shoot€the€victim,€the€defendant€shot€the€victim€in€the€head€as€theÏvictim€turned€the€car€in€response€to€the€defendantððs€command.€€Fason€stated€that€theÏvictim€did€not€do€anything€to€provoke€the€defendant€and€that€the€victim€was€trying€toÏcomply€with€the€defendantððs€orders.€€Immediately€after€shooting€the€victim,€theÏdefendant€pointed€the€gun€at€Fason€and€threatened€her,€grabbing€her€arm€to€pull€herÏfrom€the€car.€€The€defendant€started€to€walk€away€and€then€walked€back€to€the€car€andÏtook€a€gold€chain€from€the€victimððs€neck.€€Under€these€circumstances,€the€juryÏreasonably€could€have€concluded€that€the€defendant€reflected,€without€passion€orÏprovocation,€upon€his€decision€to€kill€the€victim.€€We€conclude€that€the€record€supportsÏthe€juryððs€determination€that€the€elements€of€intent,€premeditation€and€deliberationÏwere€established€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€€€€ÌÌà@ àò òB.€€FELONY€MURDERÌó óà àNext,€the€defendant€claims€that€the€evidence€does€not€support€aÏconviction€for€first€degree€murder€in€the€form€of€felony€murder.€€Specifically,€heÏcontends€that€the€proof€does€not€establish€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€killingÏwas€committed€in€the€perpetration€of€an€aggravated€robbery.€€He€argues€that€the€killingÏoccurred€collateral€to€and€not€in€pursuance€of€the€theft.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Seversóó,€759ÏS.W.2d€935,€938€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988)€(ð ðthe€killing€must€have€been€in€pursuance€of,Ïrather€than€collateral€to,€the€unlawful€act€described€by€the€statuteðð).€€We€disagree.€€€€€€ÌÌà àAt€the€time€of€the€killing,€felony€murder€was€defined€as€the€unlawful,Ïð ðreckless€killing€of€another€committed€in€the€perpetration€of,€or€attempt€to€perpetrateÏany€first€degree€murder,€arson,€rape,€robbery,€burglary,€theft,€kidnapping€or€aircraftÏpiracy.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„13„201(a)€and€„202(a)(2)€(1991)œ× ƒ8 ××  ×›.€€A€person€ð ðacts€recklessly€withÏrespect€to€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€or€the€result€of€the€conduct€when€theÏperson€is€aware€of€but€consciously€disregards€a€substantial€and€unjustifiable€risk€thatÏthe€circumstances€exist€or€the€result€will€occur.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„302(c).ÌÌà àIn€support€of€his€argument,€the€defendant€alleges€that€there€is€no€proof€ofÏa€preconceived€plan€to€rob€the€victim,€of€an€argument€between€the€victim€and€theÍdefendant,€or€that€the€defendant€directed€the€movement€of€the€victimððs€automobile.€ÏThe€defendant€asserts€that€the€evidence€establishes€that€the€defendant€decided€to€robÏthe€victim€ð ðafter„the„fact,€separate,€distinct€and€independent€from€the€killing.ðð€€We€doÏnot€agree.€€ÌÌà àThe€proof€viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state€establishes€thatÏafter€obtaining€a€ride€from€the€victim,€the€defendant€directed€the€victim€to€turn€off€theÏmain€street€behind€the€liquor€store.€€He€pulled€a€gun€on€the€unarmed€victim€and€toldÏhim,€ð ðLook€what€I€got.€€See€what€I€got.ðð€€Even€though€Fason€asked€the€defendant€not€toÏshoot€the€victim,€the€defendant€shot€the€victim€in€the€head.€€After€leaving€the€car,€theÏdefendant€started€to€walk€away€but€returned€to€the€car€to€take€the€victimððs€gold€chain.€ÏAlthough€the€defendant€denied€taking€the€gold€chain,€the€jury€chose€to€believe€theÏtestimony€of€Fason.€€It€was€the€juryððs€prerogative€to€do€so.€€We€also€believe€that€the€juryÏwas€entitled€to€infer€that€the€defendant€ordered€the€victim€to€turn€behind€the€liquor€storeÏto€carry€out€an€intent€to€rob€the€victim.€€The€fact€that€the€defendant€did€not€take€theÏvictimððs€leather€jacket€or€wallet€or€demand€the€necklace€prior€to€shooting€the€victim€isÏnot€determinative.€€òòSeeóó€òòMullendore€v.€œStateóó,€183€Tenn.€53,€63,›€191€S.W.2d€149,€152Ïœ(1945)›€(evidence€that€the€defendant€took€the€victimððs€money€and€appropriated€it€to€hisÏown€use€permitted€the€jury€to€infer€that€the€defendant€intended€to€rob€the€œvictim,›Ïalthough€no€prior€intent€to€rob€was€otherwise€shown).€€Under€these€circumstances,€weÍhold€that€the€proof€is€sufficient€to€establish€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€defendantððsÏguilt€for€felony€murder.€€€ÌÌà@ àò òII.€€DOUBLE€JEOPARDYó óÌà àœThe›€defendant€contends€that€the€juryððs€dual€findings€for€premeditated€andÏdeliberate€murder€and€felony€murder€violate€double€jeopardy€principles.€€He€assertsÏthat€both€verdicts€cannot€stand,€because€once€the€jury€returned€a€guilty€verdict€onÏcount€one,€charging€felony€murder,€the€guilty€verdict€on€count€two,€chargingÏpremeditated€and€deliberate€murder,€was€mere€surplusage€and€should€have€beenÏð ðrejectedðð€by€the€trial€court.€€ÌÌà àFirst,€we€note€that€the€defendant€acknowledges€that€this€issue€is€beingÏraised€for€the€first€time€on€appeal.€€However,€he€argues€that€this€constitutional€errorÏinvolving€double€jeopardy€should€be€corrected€to€prevent€manifest€injustice.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,ÏòòState€v.€Goinsóó,€705€S.W.2d€648,€649€(Tenn.€1986).€€We€would€correct€it€if€it€wereÏconstitutional€error,€but€it€is€not.€€ÌÌà àThe€Double€Jeopardy€Clause€of€both€the€United€States€and€TennesseeÏœConstitutions›€states€that€no€person€shall€be€put€in€jeopardy€of€life€or€limb€for€the€sameÏoffense.€€U.S.€Const.€amend.€5;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€10.€€The€clause€has€beenÏinterpreted€to€include€the€following€protections:€ð ðIt€protects€against€a€secondÍprosecution€for€the€same€offense€after€acquittal.€€It€protects€against€a€secondÏprosecution€for€the€same€offense€after€conviction.€€And€it€protects€against€multipleÏpunishments€for€the€same€offense.ðð€€òòNorth€Carolina€v.€Pearceóó,€395€U.S.€711,€717,€89ÏS.€Ct.€2072,€2076€(1969).€€òòState€v.€Phillipsóó,€924€S.W.2d€662,€664€(Tenn.€1996).€€It€is€theÏlast€protection€that€is€of€interest€in€this€case.€€ÌÌà àAlthough€the€jury€returned€guilty€verdicts€for€both€counts€of€first€degreeÏmurder,€the€trial€court€entered€only€one€judgment€of€conviction€that€imposed€only€oneÏsentence€of€life€imprisonment.€€Essentially,€it€is€the€judgment€of€conviction€thatÏprovides€the€legal€authority€for€the€executive€branch€of€government€to€incarcerate€aÏperson€who€is€sentenced€to€confinement.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Vasseróó,€870€S.W.2d€543,€546Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€In€this€sense,€it€includes€the€imposition€of€the€sentence€byÏwhich€a€defendant€is€punished.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€32(e).€€Therefore,€the€trialÏcourtððs€entry€of€only€one€judgment€of€conviction€imposing€only€one€sentence€of€lifeÏimprisonment€œprotects›€the€œdefendant€from€receiving›€multiple€punishments€for€the€sameÏoffense.€€œNo›€double€jeopardy€peril€exists.€€ÌÌà àœThe›€defendant€œalso€argues›€that€the€juryððs€verdict€for€first€degreeÏpremeditated€and€deliberate€murder,€as€charged€in€count€two,€should€be€treated€asÏð ðsurplusageðð€and€set€aside.€€We€disagree.€€Count€one€and€count€two€œcharge›€the€sameÏoffense€of€first€degree€murder,€œbut›€each€œalleges›€a€separate€means.€€However,€œthe›Ímeans€are€not€mutually€exclusive.€€Thus,€there€is€no€legal€bar€to€verdicts€beingÏreturned€for€both€counts.€€In€fact,€there€are€advantages€to€having€the€jury€make€findingsÏon€both€counts€in€capital€cases€because€of€the€impact€of€òòState€v.€Middlebrooksóó,€œ840›ÏS.W.2d€œ317›€(Tenn.€1992),€when€the€evidence€proves€first€degree€murder€only€throughÏthe€perpetration€of€a€listed€felony.€€œòòSeeóó€òòJames€David€Carter€v.€Stateóó,€No.€03„S01„9612„CR„00119,€Greene€County,€slip€op.€at€11€n.6.€(Tenn.€Oct.€20,€1997)€(forÏpublication).ÌÌà àWe€are€aware€that€the€supreme€court€has€ð ðvacatedðð€a€ð ðconvictionðð€forÏfelony€murder€while€upholding€a€judgment€of€conviction€entered€for€premeditated€andÏdeliberate€murder.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hurleyóó,€876€S.W.2d€57,€70€(Tenn.€1993).€€We€are€alsoÏaware€that€this€court€has€previously€stated€that€guilty€verdicts€for€felony€murder€andÏpremeditated€and€deliberate€murder,€charged€in€separate€counts€but€for€the€sameÏcrime,€should€lead€to€one€of€the€ð ðconvictionsðð€being€vacated€or€stricken.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏPerry€A.€Cribbsóó,€No.€02C01„9508„CR„00211,€Shelby€County,€slip€op.€at€36„37€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€Feb.€14,€1997).€€ÌÌà àHowever,€we€do€not€believe€that€the€supreme€court€in€òòHurleyóó€intended€forÏa€dismissal€to€be€the€only€legitimate€option€available.€€Likewise,€we€believe€that€òòCribbsóóÏoverlooks€the€fact€that€when€only€one€killing€is€involved,€the€two€counts€are€for€theÏòòsameóó€òòoffenseó󀄄€first€degree€murder.€€The€fact€that€each€count€alleges€a€different€meansÍof€committing€the€offense€does€not€change€that€legal€fact.€€Moreover,€there€is€no€needÏto€ð ðdismiss,ðð€ð ðvacate,ðð€or€ð ðstrike,ðð€a€particular€ð ðconvictionðð€if€what€is€meant€by€the€termÏð ðconvictionðð€is€the€return€of€the€jury€verdict€of€guilt.€€Rather,€the€jury€verdict€stands€as€aÏlegitimate€finding€of€fact€and€law€which€the€trial€court€should€preserve€by€merging€theÏsame€offense€counts€into€one€judgment€of€conviction€for€first€degree€murder€that€notesÏthe€merger€of€counts€with€each€other.€€Such€is€essentially€what€the€trial€court€did€in€theÏpresent€case,€although€its€judgment€of€conviction€is€worded€ð ðMurder€1st€Degree€/ÏMurder€Perp.€Felonyðð€and€could€be€read€to€indicate€that€felony€murder€is€different€fromÏfirst€degree€murder.€€Such€a€merger€and€imposition€of€a€single€judgment€of€convictionÏprotects€against€double€jeopardy€and€preserves€the€validity€of€the€jury€verdicts€forÏfuture€avoidance€of€problems€related€to€unnecessarily€dismissed€ð ðchargesðð€orÏð ðconvictions.ðð€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.góó.,€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€613€S.W.2d€218,€221€(Tenn.€1981).€€Therefore,Ïthe€trial€court€did€not€err€by€merging€counts€one€and€two€instead€of€dismissing€countÏtwo.€€ÌÌà@ àò òIII.€€IMPEACHMENT€BY€PRIOR€THEFT€CONVICTIONSÌà àó óFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€permittedÏthe€state€to€impeach€the€defendantððs€credibility€with€prior€convictions€of€theft€ofÏproperty,€larceny€from€the€person€and€receiving€stolen€property.€€He€complains€that€theÏtrial€court€failed€to€consider€the€similarity€of€the€charged€offense€to€the€prior€convictionsÏin€determining€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€The€defendant€relies€upon€the€holdingÍin€òòState€v.€Farmeróó,€841€S.W.2d€837,€839„40€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992),€that€convictionsÏfor€crimes€similar€to€the€one€on€trial€should€not€be€admitted€for€impeachment€because,Ïnormally,€their€prejudicial€effect€upon€the€jury€would€outweigh€any€probative€value.€€HeÏargues€that€the€state€used€the€convictions€to€show€his€propensity€to€commit€aggravatedÏrobbery€rather€than€to€impeach€the€defendantððs€credibility.€€The€state€asserts€that€theÏprior€convictions€are€not€similar€to€the€charged€offense€because€felony€murderÏinvolves€a€violent€offense€against€a€person€regardless€of€whether€the€underlyingÏfelony€is€similar.€€The€state€also€contends€that€the€prior€convictions€involve€crimes€ofÏdishonesty,€enhancing€their€probative€value€for€purposes€of€impeaching€theÏdefendantððs€credibility.€€òòSeeóó€òòLong€v.€Stateóó,€607€S.W.2d€482,€485„86€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1980).€€We€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€concluding€that€the€probative€value€onÏcredibility€outweighed€any€unfair€prejudicial€effect.€€€€€ÌÌà àPursuant€to€the€conditions€and€procedures€set€forth€in€Rule€609,€Tenn.€R.ÏEvid.,€the€credibility€of€the€accused€may€be€attacked€by€presenting€evidence€of€priorÏconvictions.€€One€condition€requires€that€the€trial€court€find€that€the€convictionððsÏprobative€value€on€credibility€outweighs€its€unfair€prejudicial€effect€on€the€substantiveÏissues.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€609(a)(3).€€In€determining€the€probative€value€of€the€priorÏconvictions,€the€trial€court€must€assess€the€similarity€between€the€crime€on€trial€and€theÏcrime€underlying€the€impeaching€conviction.€€òòFarmeróó,€841€S.W.2d€at€839.€€The€trialÍcourt€must€next€analyze€the€relevance€the€impeaching€conviction€has€to€the€issue€ofÏcredibility.€€òòIdóó.€€€€€€€€€€€€€ò òÌÌó óà àBefore€trial,€the€state€properly€notified€the€defendant€of€its€intent€to€useÏthe€following€convictions€to€impeach€the€defendantððs€credibility€at€trial:€(1)€a€1983Ïreceiving€stolen€property€conviction,€(2)€a€1985€receiving€stolen€property€conviction,Ï(3)€two€convictions€for€larceny€from€a€person€in€1989,€and€(4)€a€1992€misdemeanorÏtheft€conviction.€€The€defendant€requested€and€obtained€a€pretrial€hearing€toÏdetermine€the€admissibility€of€the€defendantððs€prior€criminal€record€for€impeachmentÏpurposes.€€In€its€determination€that€the€convictions€were€admissible€for€impeachment,Ïthe€trial€court€found€that€the€convictions€involve€issues€that€directly€related€to€theÏdefendantððs€credibility.€€The€trial€court€stated€that€the€mere€fact€that€the€homicide€wasÏalleged€to€have€occurred€during€the€perpetration€of€an€aggravated€theft,€such€asÏrobbery,€did€not€foreclose€the€introduction€of€evidence€of€the€prior€convictions€or€makeÏthem€unduly€prejudicial.ÌÌà àAt€trial,€the€defendant€asserted€on€cross„examination€that€he€neither€tookÏa€gold€chain€from€the€victim€nor€offered€a€gold€chain€to€Fason,€stating€that€he€would€notÏhave€stolen€it€from€anyone.€€Later,€the€prosecutor€asked€the€defendant€severalÏquestions€regarding€whether€he€stole€the€victimððs€chain.€€The€defendant€once€againÏdeclared€that€he€did€not€steal€the€chain€but€explained€that€he€was€not€claiming€that€heÍwould€not€steal.€€The€prosecutor€then€questioned€the€defendant€regarding€each€one€ofÏhis€prior€convictions.€€The€defendant€conceded€that€he€had€prior€convictions€for€theft,Ïtwo€counts€of€receiving€stolen€property,€and€two€counts€of€attempted€larceny€from€aÏperson.ÌÌà àWe€hold€that€the€trial€court€properly€concluded€that€the€probative€value€forÏcredibility€was€not€outweighed€by€any€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€In€its€decision,€theÏtrial€court€considered€the€similarity€between€first€degree€murder€committed€during€theÏperpetration€of€an€aggravated€robbery€and€the€prior€convictions€for€theft„relatedÏoffenses.€€Moreover,€the€trial€court€correctly€concluded€that€the€crimes€of€receivingÏstolen€property,€larceny€from€a€person,€and€misdemeanor€theft€were€also€crimes€ofÏdishonesty.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Craneóó,€780€S.W.2d€375,€377€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989)Ï(concealing€stolen€property);€òòState€v.€Fluellenóó,€626€S.W.2d€299,€300€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1981)€(robbery);€òòState€v.€Holtcampóó,€614€S.W.2d€389,€394€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980)Ï(shoplifting).€€Although€the€prior€convictions€were€similar€to€aggravated€robbery,€theirÏprobative€value€on€credibility€outweighed€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€For€theseÏreasons,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€permitting€the€stateÏto€impeach€the€defendantððs€credibility€with€his€prior€convictions.Ìà àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€the€judgmentÏof€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€Judge€ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóJohn€K.€Byers,€Senior€Judge€ÌÓÓ›Ì