ÿWPC4% ]t4aƒ‚óÚ)¤?ÌÉó‡ÚQ^B^¯VõP¾ kKuöÒŽ[îK­ôY"uò;Ê£ú÷Þ*'³J}/ƒT]ÔŒ-üEÙåáÓŒÍy)€‘ã<ŸUíâ5UyUAó@º°´6ñ/ õá©àæêÎv§¶8`·uó±ù´šeqVÁ[ŽKl|Q€3&­C~´)åø"]€kóô½r­~Ãö—ïôE€óóªöÊn†xŒ¢€ SL—Aþá[þx€¶SC„z€Íçö1#¶èxjí7*Òa£ikZ ù`gQÈñÇï|À©Í¸Óª•Ø$tifõ´ö«¶²¯É&²ÍÝ$Y2€ä¤]Zú¦9þH½ÔË`8$^ª‰KY¿¥žL&Œ›ZDª_œ1[ö;bÄ8d¢ 0áXn 0CÆ< 7E 0¶|2nYB 0r›å U:òU:,U:fä U:„„„7¾UBõ!w@7"4w"U.‹"U:¹"¹"¹"¹" Bó"####### D3### 0DK#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K#K# AO#ÆÞ#Þ# 0D¤$ D/è$ B%ô\  `*Times New RomanTTô%ä2¼A`ArialTT' IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEN .AOC, STATE OF TENN>0ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE /CTS .   h†rÿÿ:Default ParaDefault Paragraph FontÔ€XXXÔÔW€ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔÔC€%ä2¼A`ArialTTCÔ`†rÿÿ:footnote reffootnote referenceÔ€XXXÔÔW€ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔÔC€%ä2¼A`ArialTTCÔ ™Ý ƒÎ)ÝÔ€XOàXôôÔÔ€X9ìXXXOàÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  ÓÔ  Ô(e2Î$©©Ý ƒ‚!ÝÔ€XOàXôôÔÔ€X9ìXXXOàÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ý NÝ ƒ /$ÝÔ€X¿„XôôÔÔ€XY«XXX¿„ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝContrary€to€the€appellantððs€assertion€in€his€brief,€the€record€is€devoid€of€evidenceÐ `  Ðthat€the€officers€in€this€case€ð ðhad€a€private€agenda€to€convict€the€Defendant.ðð(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó 2Ý ƒ‚!ÝÔ€X¿„XôôÔÔ€XY«XXX¿„ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€X¿„XXXY«ÔÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XX¿„Ô1.€Ô€X¿„XÔThe€record€does€not€include€the€jury€instructions.€€However,€in€responding€to€a€question€by€theÐ `  Ðjurors€during€the€course€of€their€deliberations,€the€judge€re„read€portions€of€€the€jury€instructions,Ïincluding€an€instruction€on€the€theory€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another.€€WeÏfurther€note€that,€although€the€record€does€not€reflect€whether€or€not€the€State€proceeded€solelyÏupon€the€theory€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another,€there€was€no€danger€in€thisÏcase€of€a€ð ðpatchwork€verdictðð€regarding€the€facts€of€the€offense.ðð€òòContrastóó€òòState€v.€Prudeóó,€No.Ð ° Ð02C01„9711„CR„00425,€1998€WL€467096,€at€*€4„5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€August€12,Ï1998).€At€trial,€the€jury€was€presented€with€only€one€set€of€facts€upon€which€it€could€base€aÏfinding€of€guilt. -Ý ƒ /$ÝÔ€X¿„XôôÔÔ€XY«XXX¿„ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€Appellant€argues€that,€at€most,€he€was€guilty€of€criminal€responsibility€forÐ `  Ðfacilitation€of€a€felony€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„403€(1995).€However,€thisÏstatue€applies€if€the€State€is€unable€to€establish€the€intent€required€for€criminalÏresponsibility.€òòIdóó.€at€(a).€Again,€the€State€adduced€sufficient€evidence€at€trial€to€establishÐ 0 Ð Ðthe€requisite€intent.(f(3åÜ$¤¤Ý ƒ‚!ÝÔ€XOàXôôÔÔ€X9ìXXXOàÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó3|x«ô\  `*Times New RomanTTôôCô\  PŽ6QôP%ä2¼A`ArialTTomanTTXXXä2¼P±ŠQXPô\  `*Times New RomanTTXXPô\  PŽ6QXP<þ6X9`("Courier NewTTTTXXxþ6X@ÉDQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTomanTTôôJä2¼P±ŠQôP(J‚$¡¡Ô€X/XôôÔÔ€X©çXXX/ÔÓ  Ó ÛÔ€ô»2ôôôÔÔ€Úúôô»2ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X™XÚúÔÐ  ÐÌApril€1,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular,kû¤AZ‹"Arial Regular, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular ÚÔ€ô»2ôôôÔÔ€Úúôô»2ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X™XÚúÔÐ  ÐÌMarch€9,1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,kû¤AZ‹"Arial Regular -Ý ƒ /$ÝÔ€X¿„XôôÔÔ€XY«XXX¿„ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€Appellant€argues€that,€at€most,€he€was€guilty€of€criminal€responsibility€forÐ `  Ðfacilitation€of€a€felony€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„403€(1995).€However,€thisÏstatue€applies€if€the€State€is€unable€to€establish€the€intent€required€for€criminalÏresponsibility.€òòIdóó.€At€(a).€Again,€the€State€adduced€sufficient€evidence€at€trial€to€establishÐ 0 Ð Ðthe€requisite€intent.ô\  `*Times New RomanTT òDóôõö÷UøUùUúÓ€uM%TTœH%ä2¼A`ArialTT, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular d""""'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ‚!ÝÔ€XOàXôôÔÔ€X9ìXXXOàÔÓ  ÓÝ  ݛԇX™XXX9ìÔÑTR[  AØ'3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÖ€ÿÿÖÓ  ÓÔ  ÔòòÑ7€žqXôdÈdÈ7Ññúñœñúññññúñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rßñúñññññßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rßñññúñ›ñúñÌò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÐ F æ ÐòòÌAT€NASHVILLEóóÐ  ¾ ÐÌDECEMBER€1998€SESSIONó óÐ ö – ÐÌÌÌÓ  Óò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à ” àà ì à*à D àNo.€01C01„9802„CR„00062€Ð ”4  ÐÌà Œ àAPPELLEE,à < àà ” àà ì à*à D àDavidson€CountyÐ f  ÐÌVS.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à*à D àHonorable€Thomas€H.€Shriver,€JudgeÐ 2Ò  ÐÌà0 Œ àà 4 àò òTONY€ARMSTRONGó ó,à ” àà ì à*à D à(Sale€of€Cocaine)à L àà ¤ àà ü! àà T$ à€Ðþž Œ €%Œ €% ÐÌà Œ àAPPELLANT.à ” àà ì à*à D àÐ Ðp Ðà Œ àÌà Œ àà ä àòòÌFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð ‚" ÐÌDwight€E.€Scottà < àà ” àà ì àà D àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ Nî Ð4024€Colorado€Avenueà ” àà ì àà D àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ 4Ô Ðà0 Œ àà0ä Œ €%Œ €%àà0<ä €%ä €%àà0”<€%<€%àà < àà ä àà Œ àà 4 àNashville,€TN€€37209à ” àà ì àà D à425€Fifth€Avenue€Northꔈ%”€% Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àDaryl€J.€BrandÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àSenior€CounselÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àErik€W.€DaabÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àLegal€AssistantÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àJon€SeaborgÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àWashington€Square€BuildingÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à222€2òòndóó€Avenue,€NorthÐ z-$( Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àNashville,€TN€€37201ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€____________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMED€€ÌÌÌÓÓNORMA€MCGEE€OGLE,€JUDGEÌà@33-Úàò òòòOPINIONó óóóˆÐ B8â.4 Ðà Œ àThe€appellant,€Tony€Armstrong,€appeals€as€of€right€his€conviction€by€a€jury€inÏthe€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€County€of€the€sale€of€less€than€.5€grams€of€cocaine,Ïa€Class€C€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€as€a€standard,€Range€IÏoffender€to€four€years€incarceration€and€suspended€all€but€one€year€of€theÏappellantððs€sentence.€€The€sole€issue€on€appeal€is€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidenceÏadduced€at€trial€to€sustain€the€juryððs€verdict.€€Following€a€thorough€review€of€theÏrecord,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@§§%Úàò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óˆÐ À` Ðà Œ àOn€November€2,€1995,€a€Davidson€County€grand€jury€indicted€the€appellantÏfor€selling€less€than€.5€grams€of€cocaine€on€August€29,€1995.€€The€trial€courtÏconducted€the€appellantððs€trial€on€August€26,€27,€and€28,€1997.€€The€State€initially€Ïpresented€the€testimony€of€Officer€Anita€Prather,€an€undercover€police€officer€and€aÏmember€of€the€Crime€Suppression€Unit€of€the€Metropolitan€Nashville€PoliceÏDepartment.€€Officer€Prather€testified€that,€as€an€undercover€police€officer,€sheÏð ðpurchase[d]€drugs€from€street€level€dealers.ðð€€She€explained€that,€generally,€herÏsupervisor€would€select€a€location€in€Nashville€where€the€Police€Department€hadÏreceived€numerous€reports€of€drug„related€activity.€€The€undercover€officers€wouldÏthen€attempt€to€purchase€drugs,€including€marijuana€and€cocaine,€using€ð ðbuyÏmoneyðð€that€had€previously€been€photocopied€in€order€to€record€the€serial€numbersÏon€the€bills.€€The€undercover€officers€would€remain€in€contact€with€their€unit€throughÏradio€transmitters.€€In€this€manner,€they€could€relate€the€details€of€any€ongoingÏtransaction,€including€a€description€of€the€dealer€and€a€description€of€the€type€andÏamount€of€drugs.€ÌÌà Œ àWith€respect€to€the€appellantððs€offense,€Officer€Prather€testified€that,€on€theÏevening€of€August€29,€1995,€she€was€working€undercover€in€North€Nashville€with€theÐ $8Ä.4 ÐCrime€Suppression€Unit.€€She€and€another€officer,€Ernest€Cecil,€were€driving€anÏunmarked€police€car€and€wearing€civilian€clothing.€€They€observed€the€appellantÏstanding€on€a€street€corner,€and€stopped€their€vehicle€in€order€to€ask€the€appellant€ifÏhe€ð ðknew€where€[they]€could€get€some€ready.ðð€€Officer€Prather€explained€at€trial€thatÏð ðreadyðð€is€a€slang€term€meaning€crack€cocaine.€€The€appellant€asked€Officer€PratherÏto€park€her€car.€€He€then€walked€across€the€street€and€spoke€briefly€with€anotherÏman.€€€Following€this€conversation,€the€appellant€asked€Officer€Prather€to€drive€herÏcar€around€the€corner€and€park.€€She€then€observed€the€man€to€whom€the€appellantÏhad€been€speaking€produce€a€small€bottle,€at€which€time€the€appellant€and€hisÏcompanion€approached€two€other€gentlemen.€€Officer€Prather€testified€that€anÏexchange€occurred€between€two€of€the€appellantððs€companions,€one€of€whom€soldÏOfficer€Prather€a€rock€of€crack€cocaine.€€ÌÌà Œ àFollowing€the€sale,€Officer€Cecil€communicated€to€other€members€of€the€UnitÏthat€the€purchase€had€been€completed€and€described€the€participants.€€At€least€sixÏofficers€arrived€at€the€location€of€the€drug€transaction€and€arrested€the€appellant€andÏhis€companions.€€Officer€Prather€did€not€observe€the€arrest€of€the€appellant.€€Rather,Ïshe€and€Officer€Cecil€began€to€complete€the€necessary€paperwork,€includingÏmarking€any€evidence€recovered€during€the€transaction€and€as€a€result€of€theÏarrests.€€Using€a€kit€provided€by€the€Police€Department,€the€officers€tested€the€rockÏof€crack€cocaine€in€order€to€confirm€that€it€contained€cocaine€and€then€sent€theÏevidence€to€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€Crime€Lab.€€At€trial,€OfficerÏPrather€positively€identified€the€appellant€as€the€individual€who€orchestrated€the€drugÏtransaction.Ð @8à.2 Їà Œ àThe€State€also€presented€the€testimony€of€Patty€Choatie,€a€forensic€scientistÏat€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€Crime€Lab,€specializing€in€drug€chemistry.ÏShe€testified€that€the€item€purchased€by€Officer€Prather€weighed€0.05€grams.€€SheÏalso€confirmed€that€the€substance€was,€in€fact,€cocaine.€€ÌÌà Œ àThe€State€then€called€Officer€Chris€Taylor€to€the€witness€stand.€€He€testifiedÏthat,€€at€the€time€of€the€instant€offense,€he€was€a€member€of€the€Crime€SuppressionÏUnit€of€the€Metropolitan€Nashville€Police€Department.€€Officer€Taylor€testified€that,€onÏAugust€29,€1995,€pursuant€to€Officer€Prather€and€Officer€Cecilððs€description,€he€andÏOfficer€Dupree€arrested€the€appellant.€€He€searched€the€appellantððs€pockets€andÏfound€the€buy€money€in€the€right€front€pocket€of€the€appellantððs€pants.€€Officer€TaylorÏalso€positively€identified€the€appellant€at€trial.ÌÌà Œ àDuring€cross„examination€by€the€appellantððs€attorney€and€during€theÏpresentation€of€the€appellantððs€case,€Officer€Taylor€conceded€that€he€had€testified€atÏa€preliminary€hearing€on€September€5,€1995,€in€the€case€of€one€of€the€participants€inÏthe€drug€transaction.€€However,€he€could€not€recall€testifying€at€the€hearing.€€HeÏfurther€conceded€that€he€had€stated€at€the€preliminary€hearing€that€he€did€notÏrecover€the€buy€money€from€Officer€Pratherððs€drug€purchase.€€Again,€however,€heÏcould€not€recall€his€testimony.€€Officer€Taylor€explained€that,€at€the€time€of€theÏappellantððs€arrest,€he€was€participating€in€approximately€seventy€arrests€each€monthÏand,€as€a€member€of€the€Crime€Suppression€Unit,€had€probably€participated€in€asÏmany€as€four€hundred€arrests€prior€to€August€29,€1995.€€Additionally,€he€stated€€that,Ïat€the€time€of€the€September€5,€1995,€preliminary€hearing,€he€was€testifying€in€asÏmany€as€ten€or€twelve€cases€each€day€that€he€attended€court.€€Since€that€time,€heÏhad€participated€in€approximately€two€thousand€cases.€€Officer€Taylor€submitted€thatÐ @8à.2 Ðhis€testimony€at€trial,€that€he€had€himself€recovered€the€buy€money,€was€based€uponÏhis€review€of€Officer€Pratherððs€report,€which€was€prepared€immediately€following€theÏappellantððs€arrest.€€He€remarked,€ð ð[W]ithout€those€reports,€[the€arrests]€would€all€runÏtogether€really€bad.ððÌÌà Œ àFinally,€the€State€called€Officer€Lee€Dupree.€€Officer€Dupree€was€also€aÏmember€of€the€Crime€Suppression€Unit€at€the€time€of€the€appellantððs€offense.€€OnÏthe€evening€in€question,€he€assisted€Officer€Taylor€in€arresting€the€appellant.€€HeÏconfirmed€that€Officer€Taylor€searched€the€appellant€and€that€Officer€TaylorÏrecovered€the€buy€money€from€the€right€front€pocket€of€the€appellantððs€pants.ÌÌà Œ àThe€appellant€testified€on€his€own€behalf.€€He€stated€that€on€the€evening€ofÏhis€arrest€he€was€walking€to€a€friendððs€house.€€Officer€Prather€approached€him€andÏasked€whether€or€not€he€knew€of€a€location€where€she€could€purchase€drugs.€€HeÏresponded€that€she€might€be€able€to€buy€drugs€ð ðdown€the€street.ðð€€While€OfficerÏPrather€drove€further€down€the€street,€the€appellant€remained€on€the€street€corner,Ïas€he€was,€ð ðyou€know,€just€hanging€out.ðð€€Accordingly,€he€observed€an€exchangeÏbetween€Officer€Prather€and€several€men€with€whom€he€was€casually€acquainted.€ÏSoon€thereafter,€according€to€the€appellant,€the€police€arrived€and€arrested€theseÏacquaintances.€€Because€he€was€curious,€the€appellant€walked€down€the€streetÏtoward€the€scene€of€the€arrests.€€At€that€time,€several€officers€arrested€him.€€TheÏappellant€stated€that€he€did€not€attempt€to€flee€from€the€police.€€He€conceded,Ïhowever,€that€he€gave€the€police€a€false€name€and€false€information€about€hisÏemployment.€€He€explained€that€he€gave€the€police€false€information€because€heÏwas€ð ðafraid€and€scared.ðð€€He€was€particularly€concerned€that€news€of€his€arrestÏmight€reach€his€employers.€€The€appellant€denied€selling€cocaine€to€Officer€PratherÐ @8à.2 Ðand€denied€that€the€police€found€the€buy€money€in€his€possession.ÌÌà@±±*Úàò òII.€€Analysisó óˆÐ  À Ðà Œ àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€evidence€presented€during€his€trial€isÏinsufficient€to€prove€his€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€In€Tennessee,€appellateÏcourts€accord€considerable€weight€to€the€verdict€of€a€jury€in€a€criminal€trial.€€InÏessence,€a€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€the€defendantððs€innocenceÏand€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€the€appellant€carries€the€burden€ofÏdemonstrating€to€this€court€why€the€evidence€will€not€support€the€juryððs€findings.€ÏòòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€The€appellant€must€establishÐ @à Ðthat€no€ð ðreasonable€trier€of€factðð€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÏoffense€of€sale€of€cocaine€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443Ð   ÐU.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).ÌÌà Œ àAccordingly,€on€appeal,€€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€viewÏof€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòStateÐ €%  Ðv.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€€In€other€words,€questionsÐ `'  Ðconcerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€theÏevidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€are€resolved€by€theÏtrier€of€fact,€and€not€the€appellate€courts.€€òòState€v.€Pruettóó,€788€S.W.2d€559,€561Ð - #& Ð(Tenn.€1990).€ÌÌà Œ àIn€the€instant€case,€the€appellant€was€convicted€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„17„417(a)(3)€(1995)€of€selling€cocaine€weighing€less€that€.5€grams.€€The€statuteÏprovides€that€the€State€must€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€followingÏessential€elements:€(1)€the€defendant€sold€cocaine;€and€(2)€the€defendant€actedÐ @8à.2 Ðknowingly.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(a)(3).€€The€appellant€correctly€points€outÏthat€it€is€undisputed€that€he€neither€directly€delivered€the€cocaine€to€Officer€PratherÏnor€did€he€receive€the€buy€money€directly€from€the€Officer.€€However,€it€is€notÏnecessary€that€a€defendant€personally€engage€in€the€actual€transfer€of€drugs€inÏexchange€forÔ#†XY«XXXY«f#Ô€money€in€order€to€be€found€guilty€of€the€sale€of€cocaine.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð à€ ÐHenningóó,€No.€02C01„9404„CC„00079,€1994€WL€583311,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÐ À`  ÐJackson,€October€26,€1994).€€In€any€event,€the€record€reflects€that€the€jury€in€thisÏcase€was€instructed€on€the€theory€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€ofÏanother.Ý‚ÿÿÿÝÔ€XY«XXXY«ÔÔ€X¿„XXXY«ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÑÈќ׃ ×Ý ƒ ÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€Ô‡XY«XXX¿„ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„401€(1995)€provides€that€ð ð€[a]€person€isÐ ` Ðcriminally€responsible€as€a€party€to€an€offense€[€and€may€be€charged€with€theÏcommission€of€the€offense]€if€the€offense€is€committed€by...€the€conduct€of€anotherÏfor€which€the€person€is€criminally€responsible...ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402€(2)Ï(1995)€further€provides€that€a€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€the€conduct€ofÏanother€if,€ð ð[a]cting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€of€the€offense,€orÏto€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€the€person€solicits,€directs,€aids,Ïor€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€œoffense.ððñùñÌñùñ›Ìà Œ àIn€òòState€v.€Greenwoodóó,€No.€01C01„9109„CR„00280,€1992€WL€50962,€at€*2Ð X)ø" Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€At€Nashville,€March€19,€1992)€this€court€approved€the€applicationÏof€the€theory€of€criminal€responsibility€to€the€offense€of€selling€cocaine€for€theÏpurpose€of€charging€and€convicting€parties€to€the€drug€transaction€other€than€theÐ ø.˜%( Ðactual€source€of€the€cocaine.€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Porteróó,€No.€02C01„9501„CC„00029,Ð `  Ð1997€WL€399335,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€At€Jackson,€July€16,€1997)€òòperm.€ToÐ @ à Ðappeal€grantedóó,€(Tenn.€1998).€In€this€case,€the€evidence€at€trial,€viewed€in€the€lightÐ  À Ðmost€favorable€to€the€State,€established€that€the€appellant€directed€Officer€Prather€toÏa€location€where€she€could€purchase€cocaine;€the€appellant€consulted€with€severalÏœacquaintances,›€one€of€whom€delivered€the€cocaine€to€Officer€Prather€and€directlyÏreceived€the€buy€money;€and€the€appellant€acquired€possession€of€the€buy€moneyÏsoon€after€the€transaction.€€The€State€may€prove€a€criminal€offense€by€directÏevidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€the€two.€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726Ð ` ÐS.W.€2d€896,899„900€(Tenn.€1987).€Moreover,€circumstantial€evidence€mayÏestablish€the€mental€state€required€for€the€commission€of€the€offense.€òòState€v.Ð  À ÐRhodesóó,€No.€02C01„9406„CC„00124,€1995€WL€425046,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€AtÐ   ÐJackson,€July€19,€1995).€We€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€this€case€is€sufficient€toÏsupport€the€appellantððs€conviction.ñìñœ×ƒ ×ñìññìñ׃×ñìñÝ ƒ ÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  כРÀ!` ÐÌà Œ àNevertheless,€the€appellant€argues€in€his€brief€that,€ð ð[b]ecause€the€testifyingÏpolice€officers€provided€contradictory,€suspect,€and€unreliable€testimony,€theÏevidence€was€insufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€œfind›€beyond€a€reasonable€doubtÏthat€the€Defendant€was€guilty€of€sale€of€cocaine.ððÌÌà Œ àThe€appellant€particularly€focuses€upon€the€contradictory€testimony€of€OfficerÏTaylor.€€As€noted€earlier,€at€the€September€5,€œ1995,›€preliminary€œhearing,€Officer›ÏTaylor€testified€that€he€had€not€personally€recovered€the€buy€money€from€OfficerÐ  2@), ÐPratherððs€August€29,€œ1995ñëñ,ñëñ›€drug€transaction.€€In€contrast,€at€trial€he€testified€that€heÏpersonally€searched€the€appellant€and€recovered€the€buy€money.€€This€court€hasÏpreviously€held€that€ð ð[i]t€is€a€rule€of€law€in€Tennessee€that€contradictory€statementsÏby€a€witness€in€connection€with€the€same€fact€cancel€each€other.ðð€òòState€œñòñcñòññóñvñóñ.›€Matthewsóó,Ð   Ð888€S.W.€2d€446,449„450€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€However,€we€further€œnoteñôñdñôñ›€thatÏthis€rule€of€law€is€only€applicable€when€the€inconsistency€is€unexplained€and€whenÏneither€version€of€the€witnessðð€testimony€is€corroborated€by€other€evidence.€œòòIdñöñ.ñöñóó›€atÐ  @  Ð450.€€During€the€trial€of€the€appellant,€Officer€Taylor€explained€that€his€extensiveÏcaseload€could€result€in€faulty€recollection€of€events€absent€recourse€to€the€policeÏreport.€€He€also€testified€at€trial€that€he€had€reviewed€Officer€Pratherððs€report€prior€toÏthe€trial€in€order€to€refresh€his€memory.€€Additionally,€his€testimony€at€trial€wasÏcorroborated€by€the€testimony€of€Officer€Dupree.׃ ×Ý ƒ ÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð   ÐÌà Œ àð ðA€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€testimony€of€theÏœwitnessñõñesñõñ›€Ô#†X¿„XXXY«ƒ7#ÔÔ‡XY«XXX¿„Ôfor€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€Stateððs€theory.ðð€òòStateÐ  #@ Ðv.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.€2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983)€The€jury€in€this€case€chose€toÐ €%  Ðbelieve€Officer€Taylorððs€and€Officer€Dupreeððs€testimony€that€the€buy€money€wasÏdiscovered€in€the€appellantððs€pocket€following€the€drug€transaction.€The€appellantððsÏpossession€of€the€buy€money€immediately€following€the€sale,€combined€with€his€roleÏin€arranging€the€drug€transaction,€are€sufficient€facts€upon€which€the€jury€could€haveÏbased€its€verdict.€€We€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€the€instant€case€supports€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court.Ìà Œ àFor€the€reasons€stated€above,€we€AFFIRM€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÐ €4 +. ÐÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ `  Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àNorma€McGee€Ogle,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:Ìœñ÷ñÌñ÷ñ›Ìòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ ð ÐJohn€œH.Peay,›€JudgeÌœòòñøñÌñøññùñ›ñùññøñÌñøñ›€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ °P  ÐJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌà Œ àà ä àÔ#†X¿„XXXY«ÐH#Ô