ÿWPCïS … 0VU/<q 0W­ 0L ’P U*â 0   0J 0 bU6n B¤ D3ÁÆô 0 º 0(Æ AMî D+; 0Cf 0T© 0^ý 0h[ 0rà 0|5±UNÁ % 0ñU:w@@4€ 0†” 0 1uª 0dƒŸžB )="DCf" AM©"†ö"DC|$ß¿$¨ž&þF)ÔD-b0ðz2œj4c8{i:±ä<Ö•A:kDT¥Hv~ùJvÓwL AOJRÆ™R 0D_S D/£S BÒS<ujÿÿ:Default ParaÓ  ÓÔ€ôôôÔÔQ€ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÔ€XXXÔÔQ€ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔô\  `$Times NewRoman0¥ÿÿ.FooterÓ Üìü!(#ÓÔ€XXXÔÔQ€ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ;1Ü„¢úR ª Z² bºj #;ÓÔ€XXXÔÔQ€ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ:j¨ÿÿ8Page NumberÔ€ôôôÔÔQ€ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÓ>4Ü,J¢úR ª Z² bºj #>ÓÔ€XXXÔÔQ€ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ'  IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE *Marilyn Hathaway 0 .   %ä2¼A`Arial(ä2$ªªÝ ƒ%­Æ!ÝÑ  ÑÔ€&X>ÔXX"XÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ý2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô(ä2$©©Ý ƒ%­Æ!ÝÑ  ÑÔ€&X>ÔXX"XÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ý<þ6X9`(Courier New d 'ÿÿÈÈÈÈdxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(ä2$££Ý ƒ%­Æ!ÝÑ  ÑÔ€&X>ÔXX"XÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’ A<< cÿÿ'ÈÈÈÈdxd(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô#|x(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular"X(É­Æ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÔ€&Xn‡XX"XÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular U DbDDDÓ€uM%þÿþÿþÿþÿþÿþÿ2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô +, ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ Ý ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ ` p€%¬&ÓÔ€ÔÝ‚ÿÝÔ€ôÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÚ  ÚÚ  ÚÔ€XÔÌÒ ° ÒÒ Ü ÒÌÔ€ôÔÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓ ` 4ŽXÓÌÝ‚ÿÝÝ  Ý •Ý ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ ` p€%¬&ÓÔ€ÔÝ‚ÿÝÔ€ôÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÚ  ÚÚ  ÚÔ€XÔÌÒ ° ÒÒ Ü ÒÔtd ð ÔÓ ` 4ŽXÓÓ S ÓÔ€úÔÔ€ ÔÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÔ€ XÔÌÓ  ÓÔ€ÔÌÌÝ‚ÿÝÝ  Ý% Line 7 d77777Border 1dd€8Cþÿ << Gÿÿ |Ý ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌAugustÏ20,Ï1998ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó77777Border 2dd ÕÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€The€jury€acquitted€the€defendant€of€burglary€chargesò ò.ó óÌÓ Ó žÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€At€the€time€of€the€theft,€Lora€Hacker€was€the€defendantððs€girlfriend.€She€was€tried€as€a€co„defendant.€€While€married€to€the€defendantððs€cousin,€Eric€Ashley,€Hacker€moved€in€with€MitchellÏAshley€and€at€the€time€of€sentencing€was€pregnant€with€his€child.€ÌÓ Ó ôÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€The€defendant€challenged€Mr.€Fosterððs€claim€that€he€could€see€the€vacuum€cleaners€throughÏwindows€next€to€the€back€porch.€€The€porch€was€not€visible€from€the€area€of€Third€Street€directlyÏabutting€the€defendantððs€home.€€€Mr.€€Foster€explained€that€coming€from€the€concrete€companyÏThird€Street€curved.€Mr.€Foster€said€the€defendantððs€back€porch€and€windows€were€visible€fromÏthe€curve€in€the€road.€€While€photographs€of€the€home€included€in€the€record€show€the€viewÏobstructed€by€trees,€the€victim€pointed€out€that€the€theft€occurred€in€the€winter€and€the€trees€did€notÏhave€leaves.ÌÓ ¾ÛÓà àÌÓ Ó ÊÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€Green€testified€during€the€motion€to€suppress€that€she€noticed€the€items€after€the€initialÏknock€and€while€waiting€for€Lora€Hacker€to€come€to€the€door.€€At€trial,€she€testified€that€sheÏnoticed€the€items€after€knocking,€speaking€with€Lora€Hacker€and€while€€waiting€on€the€defendant€toÏcome€to€the€door.€€ÌÓ Ó XÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€A€forensic€chemist€from€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigations€testified€that€the€materialÏrecovered€was€marijuana€weighing€.13€grams.€He€said€the€marijuana€was€ð ðjust€enough€to€test.ðð€ÌÓ Ó æÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€Justin€is€the€son€of€Lora€Hacker€and€Eric€Ashley,€the€defendantððs€cousin.ÌÓ Ó ’Ý ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€Defense€attorneys€attacked€Justinððs€credibility€by€eliciting€testimony€that€Justin€€had€been€toÏtalk€to€Investigator€Green€three€or€four€times€and€that€it€had€been€his€fatherððs€idea.€Attorneys€triedÏto€suggest€Eric€Ashley€influenced€his€sonððs€testimony€against€Mitchell€Ashley.€€Using€informationÏfrom€an€earlier€statement,€the€attorney€for€Lora€Hacker€asked€Justin€if€he€remembered€seeing€menÏat€the€concrete€company€stacking€things€on€the€side€of€the€road.€Justin€replied:€ð ðI€think€so.ððÌÓ ¾ÛÓÌÓ Ó YÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€€An€officer€from€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigations€said€the€amount€measured€.13Ïgrams.€€He€also€received€the€butt€of€a€hand„rolled€marijuana€cigarette;€however,€it€was€too€small€toÏtest.ÌÓ Ó qÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€The€trial€judge€said€the€phrase€ð ðassorted€itemsðð€in€the€indictment€was€broad€enough€toÏinclude€items€not€specifically€mentioned€in€the€indictment€including€the€microwave,€gift€certificates,Ïand€other€property.ÌÓ Ó §Ý ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€The€defendant€argues:€ð ðOfficer€Greenððs€admission€at€trial€of€her€true€reason€for€going€toÏthe€rear€of€the€house€operates€to€bar€the€State€from€relying€upon€consent.ðð€The€defendant€claimsÏthat€Green€concealed€the€reason€she€went€to€the€back€door€of€the€defendantððs€home€at€theÏsuppression€hearing€and€then€at€trial€revealed€it€was€because€of€the€information€she€had€from€Mr.ÏFoster.Ìà àThe€record€simply€does€not€support€the€allegations€of€the€defendant.€€At€the€suppressionÏhearing,€during€redirect€examination€of€Investigator€Green,€she€testified€she€went€to€the€rear€of€theÏhome€via€Third€Street€because€Mr.€Foster€said€he€had€seen€what€he€thought€was€his€property.€SheÏmade€no€secret€about€her€reasons€for€going€to€the€back€door€as€opposed€to€the€front€door.ÌÓ ¾ÛÓÌÓ Ó ÌÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€€Green€testified€during€the€motion€to€suppress€that€she€noticed€the€items€after€the€initialÏknock€and€while€waiting€for€Lora€Hacker€to€come€to€the€door.€€At€trial,€she€testified€that€sheÏnoticed€the€items€after€knocking,€speaking€with€Lora€Hacker,€and€while€€waiting€on€the€defendantÏto€come€to€the€door.€€ÌÓ Ó 0Ý ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ ¾ÛÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€In€òòRainesóó€while€the€deputy€was€at€the€door€asking€about€an€individual€named€in€a€warrant,Ïhe€smelled€marijuana€coming€from€the€home.€òòState€v.€Gary€Raines,€et.€alóó,€Cheatham€County€No.Ï01„C„01„9703„CC„00108€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€March€5,€1998).€Deputies€are€allowed€toÏð ðtake€note€of€anything€evident€to€their€senses€so€long€as€they€have€a€right€to€be€where€they€are€andÏdo€not€resort€to€extraordinary€means€to€make€the€observation.ðð€€€òòRainesóó,€òòsupraóó,€(citing€òòState€v.ÏHurleyóó,€876€S.W.2d€57,€67€(Tenn.€1993)).€The€òòRainesóó€court€said€the€deputy€did€not€resort€toÏextraordinary€measures€by€simply€knocking€on€the€door.€ÌÓ Ó JÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÓ  ÓÓ ` R XÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€€€Ô€ÔÔ#aaddÔ€The€defendant€raised€this€issue€in€conjunction€with€his€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€as€to€marijuana€possession.€This€court€will€consider€the€issue€separately.ÌÓ ¾ÛÓÌÓ ÓPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ%!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÖ€5ÖÖ€6ÖÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€9:8A1-j|` ´- `€€@ÿRßà àÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÔB  ÔßG€9;6&"h \ È· `€€GßÔC  ÔÌÓC€ € H@@ àCÓÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌAPRIL€1998€SESSIONÌÌÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01„C„01„9706„CC„00219Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àFranklin€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà à)à àà àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHonorable€Buddy€D.€Perry,€JudgeÌMITCHELL€D.€ASHLEY,à àà à)Ì€à àà àà àà àà à)à à(Theft€of€Property;€Possession€ofÌà àAppellant.à àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€€€a€Controlled€Substance)ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌPhilip€A.€Condraà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ204€Betsy€Pack€Driveà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÌJasper,€TN€€37347à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àEllen€H.€PollackÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJames€M.€TaylorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à265€Third€Avenue,€Suite€300Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àDayton,€TN€€37321ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€B.€CopelandÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWinchester,€TN€€37398ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€_____________________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌò òà àÌÓ  ÓÔ#ddaaÔOPINION€ó óÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔÌÓ  ÓÔ#ddaaÔÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àThe€appellant,€Mitchell€D.€Ashley€(defendant),€was€convicted€of€theft€of€property,Ïa€Class€D€felony,€and€possession€of€a€controlled€substance,€a€Class€A€misdemeanorÍby€a€jury€of€his€peers.Ñ  ÑÑ   ÑÑ  ÑÑ€7 §u` Ñ× ƒ< ××  ×€The€trial€court€found€the€defendant€a€standard€offender€andÏimposed€a€Range€I€sentence€of€four€(4)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction€for€theÏtheft€conviction€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€in€the€county€jail€for€the€drugÏcharge.€The€defendant€was€also€fined€$2,500.€€The€trial€court€ordered€that€the€twoÏsentences€run€concurrently€for€an€effective€sentence€of€four€years.€ÌÓ` ÜŒ ‹X€%Ø'Óà àThe€defendant€presents€four€issues€for€review.€He€contends€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€to€support€the€convictions.€€He€also€contends€the€trialÏcourt€erred€(a)€by€denying€his€motion€to€suppress,€(b)€by€instructing€the€jury€on€jointÏand€constructive€possession€of€drugs,€and€(c)€by€imposing€an€excessive€sentence.€ÏAfter€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€submitted€by€the€parties,€and€the€lawÏgoverning€the€issues€presented€for€review,€it€is€the€opinion€of€this€court€that€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔI.€€Facts€ÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àÌó óà àIn€the€winter€of€1994,€Ricky€Foster€owned€and€operated€Cumberland€ValleyÏConcrete€in€Winchester.€On€December€12,€1994,€he€closed€for€the€day€as€usualÏaround€5€p.m.Ìà à€When€Mr.€Foster€returned€the€next€morning,€he€discovered€the€back€door€to€hisÏbusiness€had€been€pried€open€and€most€of€his€office€equipment€and€supplies€wereÏmissing.€Ìà àAmong€the€items€stolen€were€telephones,€a€copy€machine€and€stand,€vacuumÏcleaners,€word€processor,€bank€bags€with€$1,000€cash€and€gift€certificates,€power€drillsÏand€chargers,€tools,€microwave,€first„aid€kit,€paper€products€(towels,€napkins,€plates),Ïpencils€and€pens,€scratch€pads,€calculators,€mobile€radios,€cleaning€products,€an€inkÏstamp€with€the€Cumberland€Valley€Concrete€emblem,€and€a€Christmas€poinsettia.€HeÏestimated€the€value€of€the€items€at€$6,000€not€including€the€cash€or€gift€certificates.€HisÏinsurance€company€paid€him€$2,000€for€the€theft.Ìà àMr.€Foster€said€he€found€some€smaller€items,€such€as€pens€and€a€sewing€kit,€Ïscattered€outside€the€building.€€A€die€set€was€found€about€200€yards€from€the€officeÏtoward€the€defendantððs€house.Ìà àThe€defendant,€Mitchell€D.€Ashley,€lived€in€a€house€about€200€or€300€yards€awayÏfrom€the€concrete€company.€€He€lived€there€with€his€girlfriend,€Lora€Hacker.× ƒ= ××  ×€€AshleyððsÏhouse€was€on€the€corner€of€Shephard€and€Third€Streets.€The€house€faced€Shephard,Ïand€Third€Street€ran€parallel€to€the€side€of€the€house.€€A€driveway€off€Third€Street€ranÏbehind€the€defendantððs€home.€€A€small€porch€was€located€toward€the€rear€of€the€houseÏon€the€side€opposite€Third€Street.€€Third€Street€provided€access€to€the€concreteÏcompany.€€€Ìà àWhile€leaving€the€concrete€company€office€on€December€14th€via€Third€Street,€Mr.ÏFoster€passed€the€defendantððs€house.€Through€two€windows€near€the€rear€porch€heÏsaw€two€vacuum€cleaners.× ƒ> ××  ×€€Through€a€window€facing€Third€Street€he€saw€aÍmicrowave€oven€resembling€the€one€taken€from€his€business.€His€suspicions€wereÏraised€because€he€had€not€seen€a€microwave€there€before.€Mr.€Foster€explained€that€itÏwas€dark€outside,€the€windows€were€not€obstructed,€and€the€lights€were€on€inside€theÏhouse€making€the€items€inside€visible.€€Ìà àHe€drove€by€the€house€a€second€time€to€verify€what€he€thought€he€saw.€He€thenÏcalled€the€police€station€and€told€Investigator€Betsy€Green.Ìà àOn€the€same€day,€Investigator€Green€went€to€the€defendantððs€home,€knocked€on€theÏdoor,€and€asked€Lora€Hacker€if€she€could€speak€with€the€defendant.€€At€some€pointÏwhile€waiting€on€Ms.€Hacker€or€the€defendant€to€come€to€the€door,€Green€said€she€sawÏthrough€the€door€and€the€nearby€windows€what€looked€like€some€of€the€stolen€itemsÏsitting€on€a€dresser.× ƒ? ××  ×€€They€were€partially€covered€with€a€blanket.€€She€could€also€seeÏtwo€vacuum€cleaners.Ìà àShe€told€the€defendant€why€she€was€there€and€asked€to€search€his€house.€He€gaveÏverbal€consent€and€then€signed€a€written€consent€form.€Other€officers€came€to€assistÏGreen€in€the€search.€The€defendant€cooperated€and€pointed€out€various€items€in€theÍhouse€that€were€stolen.€€During€the€search,€Green€discovered€a€tray€containingÏmarijuana€in€a€kitchen€cabinet.× ƒ@ ××  ×Ìà àThe€defendant€told€Green€he€found€the€items€on€the€side€of€the€road.€Green€toldÏjurors,€€ð ðInitially€he€said€that€that€night€theyððd€made€several€trips€down€to€the€SpeedwayÏor€I€think€itððs€also€being€referred€to€as€the€Amoco€station.€€At€one€point€him€and€hisÏchildren€went€and€then€at€one€point€him€and€Mrs.€Hacker€went.ðð€€He€said€the€itemsÏwere€stacked€up€in€two€locations.€He€said€he€did€not€know€the€concrete€company€officeÏhad€been€burglarized.€€He€told€Green€there€were€two€or€three€people€that€seemed€toÏbe€moving€stuff€out€of€the€office€and€piling€it€up€outside.€€Ìà àGreen€said€some€of€the€gift€certificates€taken€from€the€office€were€later€found€in€aÏgrocery€store€parking€lot€and€some€at€a€laundromat.€€€The€money€was€neverÏrecovered.Ìà àMr.€Foster€testified€at€trial€he€often€saw€the€defendant€and€Lora€Hacker€walk€acrossÏhis€property€to€a€convenience€store.€The€day€after€the€burglary€the€pair€altered€theirÏnormal€route€and€walked€around€the€lot€to€the€store.€€Ì€€€€à àDennis€Burns,€who€lived€next€door€to€the€defendant,€testified€he€saw€the€defendant,ÏHacker,€and€two€children€walking€around€the€concrete€companyððs€office€building€aboutÏ7€p.m.€on€December€12th.Ìà àBurns€acknowledged€that€he€often€saw€the€defendant,€Hacker,€and€two€childrenÏwalking€across€the€property€on€their€way€to€several€convenience€stores€nearbyÏbecause€they€did€not€have€a€car.€However,€Burns€said€on€this€night€they€were€walkingÏaround€the€building€as€opposed€to€walking€past€it.Ìà àThe€next€morning€Burns€found€a€typewriter€in€his€yard.Ìà àJustin€Ashley,€the€10„year„old€son€of€Lora€Hacker,× ƒA ××  ×€said€on€the€night€of€DecemberÏ12th€his€mother€and€the€defendant€told€the€children€they€were€going€to€a€convenienceÏstore.€The€children€were€told€to€stay€inside.€Justin€said€he€went€outside€to€pet€theirÏpuppies€and€saw€two€dark€figures€resembling€his€mother€and€the€defendant€€comingÏout€of€the€concrete€office.€He€went€back€inside€the€house.Ìà àOn€cross„examination,€Justin€acknowledged€that€he€initially€told€Investigator€GreenÏthat€he€followed€his€mother€and€the€defendant€halfway€to€the€concrete€company.× ƒB ××  ×€ÏJustin€told€Green€that€the€defendant€had€what€looked€like€a€$20€bill€sticking€out€of€hisÏpocket.€Ìà àAfter€the€coupleððs€arrest,€Justin€said€the€defendant€told€him€he€did€not€need€toÏtestify€in€this€case.€Ìà àNeither€the€defendant€nor€his€co„defendant€took€the€stand.Ìò òÌÓ  ÓÔ#ddaaÔII.€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidence€ó óÌÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€contends€the€evidence€is€insufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€to€support€aÏconviction€of€theft€(over€$1,000€and€less€than€$10,000)€and€a€conviction€of€marijuanaÏpossession.€As€to€the€theft€conviction,€the€defendant€objected€to€the€victimððsÍidentification€of€the€stolen€items€through€the€use€of€photographs€instead€of€the€actualÏproperty.€He€argues€there€was€ð ðinsufficient€identityððò ò€ó óof€the€stolen€items€and€adequateÏproof€was€lacking€as€to€value.€The€defendant€also€complains€that€a€fatal€varianceÏexisted€between€the€victim€listed€in€the€indictment€and€the€proof€at€trial.Ìà àÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔA.ó ó€€ò òApplicable€Lawó óÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€courtÏmust€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficient€"toÏsupport€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòStateÏv.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).Ìà àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€court€does€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferencesÏfor€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199ÏTenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859,€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€352€U.S.€845,€77€S.Ct.€39,€1ÍL.Ed.2d€49€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€ofÏTennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€asÏwell€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€theÏevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€beÏgiven€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolvedÏby€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€In€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493ÏS.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973),€our€Supreme€Court€said:€€"A€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,Ïapproved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€andÏresolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."Ìà àSince€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€withÏa€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused,€as€the€appellant,€has€the€burden€in€this€court€ofÏillustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdicts€returned€by€the€trierÏof€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€This€court€will€not€disturbÏa€verdict€of€guilt€due€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€theÍrecord€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€that€theÏaccused€is€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔB.€Possession€of€MarijuanaÌÌÓ  Óó óÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€contends€there€was€no€proof€that€he€actually€or€knowinglyÏpossessed€the€marijuana.€Furthermore,€he€argues€there€was€insufficient€proof€that€heÏconstructively€possessed€the€marijuana€or€that€he€was€in€a€position€to€exercise€controlÏover€ð ðwhat€was€no€more€than€crumbs.ðð€The€proof€failed€to€demonstrate€that€he€placedÏthe€tray€and€marijuana€in€the€cabinet€under€the€kitchen€sink.€Ìà àTo€convict€the€defendant€of€this€charge,€the€state€was€required€to€prove€theÏdefendant€knowingly€possessed€marijuana.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„418.€ÏPossession€of€a€controlled€substance€can€be€based€on€either€actual€or€constructiveÏpossession.€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€915€S.W.2d€3,€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,Ï823€S.W.2d€576,€579€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€Constructive€possession€may€beÏproven€by€demonstrating€that€a€defendant€has€the€power€and€intention€to€exerciseÏdominion€and€control€over€the€controlled€substance€either€directly€or€through€others.ÏòòBrownóó,€915€S.W.2d€at€7;€òòBrownóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€579.€Constructive€possession€is€theÍability€to€reduce€an€object€to€actual€possession.€òòBrownóó,€915€S.W.2d€at€7;€òòBrownóó,€823ÏS.W.2d€at€579.€Ìà àHaving€possession€of€the€premises€where€contraband€is€found€creates€anÏinference€that€the€possessor€had€possession€of€the€contraband.€€òòArmstrong€v.€Stateóó,Ï548€S.W.2d€334,€336€(Tenn.€Crim.€App€1976),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó€€(Tenn.€1977).ò ò€€ó óDuring€theÏconsensual€search,€Investigator€Green€looked€in€cabinets€under€the€kitchen€counter.ÏThere€she€found€a€coca„cola€tray€with€marijuana.× ƒC ××  ×€€This€marijuana€was€found€in€theÏdefendantððs€home€that€he€shared€with€his€family.€€It€is€irrelevant€that€his€girlfriend€wasÏnot€charged€or€that€Investigator€Green€did€not€ask€him€about€the€marijuana€when€sheÏfound€it.€€The€drugs,€albeit€a€small€amount,€were€found€in€the€defendantððs€home;€heÏcould€reduce€the€drugs€to€possession€at€any€time.€Ìà àThe€defendant€cites€òòPerry€v.€Stateóó,€527€S.W.2d€749,€751€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1975)Ïfor€support€of€his€argument.€€€In€òòPerryóó,a€panel€of€this€court€said€the€discovery€of€Ïmarijuana€in€a€common€room€and€in€the€defendantððs€bedroom€in€an€apartment€rentedÍby€the€defendant€òòwasóó€òòsufficientóó€to€sustain€the€conviction€despite€testimony€from€otherÏco„defendants€that€they€were€responsible€for€the€marijuana.€This€case€is€similar€toÏòòPerryóó€in€that€the€defendant€could€reduce€the€drugs€to€his€possession€at€any€time.Ìà àThe€defendant€also€relies€on€òòWhited€v.€Stateóó,€483€S.W.2d€594,€596€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1972),€but€his€reliance€is€misplaced.€òòWhitedóó€involved€the€presence€of€drugs€at€aÏbusiness,€not€a€residence€as€in€this€case.€Authorities€found€the€drugs€while€executingÏa€search€warrant€on€a€business€and€living€quarters€owned€by€one€Mr.€Lame.€WhitedÏtestified€that€he€saw€someone€hide€the€drugs.€In€òòWhitedóó,€a€panel€of€this€court€saidÏð ðwithout€further€proof€of€the€defendantððs€complicity€as€to€the€possession€and€control€ofÏdrugs,€we€cannot€agree€with€holding€that€this€employee€[Whited]€had€the€requisiteÏpossession€of€the€drugs€located€on€his€employerððs€premises.ðð€€òòWhitedóó,€483€S.W.2d€atÏ596.€Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€marijuana€was€found€in€the€defendantððs€home.€He€could€reduceÏthe€drugs€to€his€actual€possession€at€any€time.€These€facts€constitute€sufficient€proofÏfrom€which€the€jury€could€€reasonably€infer€that€the€defendant€possessed€theÏmarijuana.€ÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔÌC.€€TheftÌ€ó óÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àBefore€an€accused€can€be€convicted€of€theft,€the€state€must€prove€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt€(a)€the€accused€knowingly,€(b)€obtained€or€exercised€control€overÏthe€property€of€another,€(c)€with€the€intent€to€deprive€the€owner€of€the€property,€and€(d)Ïwithout€the€ownerððs€effective€consent.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„103.€In€this€case,€theÏindictment€alleged€the€defendant:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ  ÒÓ ` ¸ ŒXÓÓÓdid€knowingly€obtain€control€of€and€exercise€control€over:€two€(2)Ïvacuum€cleaners,€various€cleaning€materials,€business€suppliesÏmarked€ð ðCumberland€Valley€Concreteðð,€bank€bags,€Smith€CoronaÏword€processor,€Cannon€copier€and€cabinet,€telephones,€MakitaÏtools€and€assorted€other€items× ƒD ××  ×€€being€the€personal€goods€andÏproperty€of:€Ricky€Foster€d/b/a/€Cumberland€Valley€ConcreteÏwithout€the€ownerððs€effective€consent€and€with€the€intent€to€depriveÏthe€true€owner€thereof€.€.€.€.ÌÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ` ÜŒ ‹X€%Ø'ÓÓÓÌà àThe€defendant€makes€several€arguments€that€address€the€identification€ofÏthe€stolen€objects.€€He€first€objects€to€the€stateððs€use€of€photographs€of€the€stolenÏitems€at€trial€rather€than€using€the€actual€items.€The€defendant€contends€that€theÍvictim€was€not€able€to€show€that€the€items€in€the€photographs€were€unique€toÏCumberland€Valley€Concrete.€Additionally,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€stateÏfailed€to€prove€that€the€items€taken€from€the€office€were€the€same€items€found€inÏthe€defendantððs€home.€€Ìà àThe€defendant€also€contends€the€indictment€failed€to€list€specifically€all€of€theÏitems€taken€such€as€the€microwave,€the€gift€certificate,€and€the€poinsettia.Ìà àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€testimony€as€to€the€value€of€the€items€wasÏlacking.€The€victimððs€opinion€testimony€as€to€the€value€of€the€goods€was€givenÏwithout€foundation.Ìà àFinally,€the€defendant€€claims€a€fatal€variance€existed€between€the€victimÏlisted€in€the€indictment€and€the€proof€of€ownership€at€trial.€€The€variance€coupledÏwith€the€use€of€the€photographs€and€the€statement€of€opinion€as€to€valueÏð ðcombined€to€deprive€the€Appellant€of€substantial€rights.ððÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔ1.€€VarianceÌÌÓ  Óó óÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€contends€that€a€fatal€variance€existed€between€the€victimÏlisted€in€the€indictment€and€the€proof€of€ownership€at€trial.€€The€indictmentÍdetailed€ð ðthe€personal€goods€and€property€of:€Ricky€Foster,€d/b/a/€CumberlandÏValley€Concrete.ðð€€At€trial.€Mr.€Foster€testified€that€the€property€belonged€toÏCumberland€Valley€Concrete,€a€corporation€of€which€Mr.€Foster€is€soleÏshareholder€and€president.€Ìà àThe€defendant€describes€this€as€ð ðthe€most€glaring€flaw€in€the€Stateððs€proof.ððÏYet,€the€defendant€acknowledges€in€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€662€S.W.2d€590€(Tenn.Ï1984),€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€relaxed€the€rule€requiring€proof€ofÏownership€as€an€element€of€the€case.€Ìà àIn€òòMossóó,€the€indictment€described€the€victims€as€two€owners€operating€as€aÏpartnership€but€the€proof€at€trial€indicated€the€owners€operated€as€a€corporation.€ÏThe€supreme€court€said€this€was€not€a€material€variance€and€constitutedÏð ðnothing€more€than€harmless€error.ðð€The€court€explained€that€the€earlierÏcommon€law€rule€requiring€strict€conformity€between€the€allegations€and€theÏproof€had€been€relaxed€ð ðso€that€substance€rather€than€form€is€nowÏdeterminative€of€such€question.ðð€òòMossóó,€662€S.W.2d€at€592.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔ2.€Use€of€PhotographsÌÌÓ  Óó óÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€objects€to€the€stateððs€use€of€photographs€showing€€the€stolenÏitems.€Instead,€the€actual€recovered€items€should€have€been€used€at€trial.€Ìà àOn€the€afternoon€before€the€trial€began,€the€defendant€served€the€victim€withÏa€subpoena€duces€tecum€ordering€the€victim€to€bring€the€actual€items€into€court.€ÏThe€victim€failed€to€bring€the€items€on€the€first€day€of€trial.€The€defendantÏobjected€to€the€stateððs€use€of€photographs€of€the€items.€€The€trial€judge€refusedÏto€require€the€victim€to€bring€the€items€into€court€because€of€the€last€minuteÏnature€of€the€defendantððs€request.Ìà àAs€a€general€rule,€there€is€no€requirement€that€stolen€chattels€be€introducedÏas€exhibits€into€evidence.€òòWallis€v.€Stateóó,€546€S.W.2d€244,€249€(1976),€òòcertóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1977);€òòState€v.€Bernard€Woodardóó,€Sevier€County€No.€03„C„01„9204„CR„129,€1993€WL€20123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Feb.€2,€1993),€òòperóó.Ïòòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€June€7,€1993).€Ìà àThe€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔ3.€à à€ValueÌÌÓ  Óó óÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€proof€offered€as€to€value€of€the€stolen€itemsÏhad€no€foundation.ò òÌó óà àThe€indictment€charged€the€defendant€with€theft€of€goods€valued€betweenÏ$1,000€and€$10,000.€€Mr.€Foster€valued€the€stolen€items,€not€including€the€cashÏor€gift€certificates,€at€€$6,000.€Mr.€Foster€told€jurors€that€his€insurance€companyÏpaid€him€$2,000€for€the€loss€but€that€amount€did€not€cover€the€stolen€cash€or€giftÏcertificates.€à àJurors€were€instructed€to€fix€the€value€of€the€stolen€property€atÏ$500€or€less,€more€than€$500€and€less€than€$1,000,€or€more€than€$1,000€andÏless€than€$10,000.Ìà àBy€their€verdict,€jurors€found€the€latter.€From€all€the€evidence,€a€jury€couldÏreasonably€infer€that€the€value€of€the€property€taken€was€between€$1,000€andÏ$10,000.€A€trier€of€fact€may,€from€all€of€the€evidence€presented€at€trial,€determineÏthe€fair€market€value€of€the€stolen€property.€€òòState€v.€Hammóó,€611€S.W.2d€826,Ï828„29€(Tenn.€1981).Ìà àThe€issue€is€without€merit.€€ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔ4.€€IdentificationÌÌÓ  Óó óÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€victim€was€not€able€to€show€that€the€items€inÏthe€photographs€were€unique€to€Cumberland€Valley€Concrete.€Ìà àAfter€the€stolen€property€was€found,€some€of€it€was€photographed€at€theÏdefendantððs€house.€€Once€it€was€taken€to€the€police€station,€it€was€identified€byÏMr.€Foster.€Some€of€the€property€was€photographed€at€the€station.€The€propertyÏwas€then€returned€to€Mr.€Foster.Ìà àÇà àUsing€the€photographs,€Mr.€Foster€identified€the€stolen€property€as€aÏcalculator,€two€phones,€a€copy€machine€and€cabinet,€microwave,€paper€towels,Ïvacuum€cleaners,€scratch€pads,€napkins,€paper€products,€poinsettia,€first„aid€kit,Ïpencil€sharpener,€an€ink€stamp€for€Cumberland€Valley€Concrete,€Makita€tools,Ïspray€nozzles,€and€bank€bags€that€had€contained€cash€and€gift€certificates.ò ò€ó ó€HeÏsaid€there€were€many€small€items€that€were€not€included€in€the€photographs,€butÏthat€he€identified€at€the€station.€Those€included:€stamps,€a€flashlight,€cleaningÏproducts,€small€tool€kits,€and€a€wall€clockò ò.Ìó óà àA€jury€could€reasonably€infer€that€the€presence€of€an€ink€stamp€forÏCumberland€Valley€Concrete€in€the€defendantððs€home,€along€with€other€itemsÏresembling€those€stolen€from€the€concrete€companyððs€office,€came€from€theÏconcrete€companyððs€office.€€The€testimony€from€Investigator€Green€alsoÏindicated€that€the€defendant€attempted€to€hide€the€property€by€covering€it€with€aÏblanket.€His€attempt€to€conceal€the€property€indicates€he€knew€it€was€stolen.ò òÌó óà àThe€evidence€contained€in€the€record€is€more€than€sufficient€to€support€aÏfinding€by€a€rational€trier€of€fact€that€the€defendant€was€guilty€of€theft€andÍpossession€of€marijuana€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€Tenn.€R.€App.€13(e);ÏòòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).Ìà àThe€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔIII.€€Motion€to€Suppressó óÌÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€contends€the€evidence€seized€from€his€home€and€theÏstatements€he€made€to€authorities€should€have€been€suppressed€because€of€anÏunlawful€search€and€seizure.€To€the€stateððs€contention€that€the€search€of€theÏdefendantððs€home€was€consensual,€the€defendant€argues€Investigator€GreenÏobtained€consent€only€after€an€illegal€search.€Investigator€Green€had€no€lawfulÏright€to€enter€the€defendantððs€property.€The€defendant€argues€Investigator€GreenÌwent€to€the€back€door€of€the€defendantððs€home€for€the€sole€purpose€ofÏconducting€a€search€because€Mr.€Foster€told€her€that€was€where€he€had€seenÏthe€stolen€property.× ƒE ××  ×€€ð ðObtaining€the€Appellantððs€signature€on€a€permission€toÍsearch€form€was.€.€.€no€more€and€no€less€than€a€ruse€to€cover€for€the€unlawfulÏintrusion€and€warrantless€search€already€committed.ððÌà àThe€defendant€seeks€a€reversal€and€order€for€new€trial.ÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔÌA.€€Suppression€Hearingó óÌ€€€ò òÌÓ  Óó óÔ#aaddÔà àAt€the€January€9,€1996€suppression€hearing,€the€following€facts€wereÏestablished.€€Investigator€Green€received€a€telephone€call€from€Mr.€Ricky€Foster,Ïthe€president€of€the€concrete€company,€on€December€14,€1994.€€TheÏdefendantððs€home€is€within€the€same€block€as€the€concrete€company.€€TheÏdefendantððs€home€is€accessible€by€either€North€Shephard€or€Third€Street.€€ThirdÏStreet€provides€access€to€the€concrete€company.€€Green€went€to€the€defendantððsÏhome€at€119€North€Shephard€Street.€She€entered€the€property€via€a€drivewayÏoff€Third€Street.€The€driveway€ends€at€the€defendantððs€back€porch.€Ìà àGreen€said€she€went€to€the€rear€door€and€knocked.€€While€she€was€waitingÏfor€an€answer€at€the€door,× ƒF ××  ×€€she€noticed€through€two€windows€adjacent€to€theÏdoor€several€items€(typewriters€and€calculators)ò ò€ó ópartially€covered€with€a€blanket€Ïthat€matched€the€description€of€the€stolen€property.€She€also€saw€two€or€threeÏvacuum€cleaners.€Ìà àWhen€Ms.€Hacker€(the€defendantððs€girlfriend)€came€to€the€door,€GreenÏidentified€herself€and€asked€to€see€the€defendant.€€Ms.€Hacker€shut€the€door.€AÏfew€minutes€later,€the€defendant€came€to€the€door.€Green€identified€herselfÏagain€and€told€him€she€was€investigating€the€theft€at€the€concrete€company.€€ð ðIÏtold€him€about€the€information€we€had€received€regarding€the€property€andÏasked€for€permission€to€search€and€he€gave€it.ðð€€He€first€gave€it€verbally€andÏthen€once€inside€the€house,€he€signed€a€written€consent€to€search€form.€€SheÏreviewed€the€contents€of€the€form€with€the€defendant€which€included€the€right€toÏrefuse€consent.€€She€then€called€for€assistance€from€other€officers.€As€officersÍsearched€the€home,€the€defendant€assisted€by€pointing€out€various€items€thatÏhad€been€taken€from€the€concrete€company.€Ìà àAt€the€suppression€hearing,€defense€counsel€tried€to€attack€Greenððs€lawfulÏpresence€at€the€home.€€Green€said€she€did€not€demand€access€to€the€house;Ïshe€did€not€tell€the€defendant€she€was€coming€in;€and€she€did€not€tell€the€familyÏthat€she€would€make€them€stand€in€the€yard€until€she€obtained€a€search€warrant.€ÏShe€did€tell€the€defendant€that€she€had€seen€the€items€through€the€windows.ÏShe€said€she€had€not€conducted€what€she€would€term€ð ða€search.ðð€SheÏexplained€on€redirect€examination€that€she€went€to€the€back€door€of€the€houseÏbecause€Mr.€Foster€said€he€had€seen€the€items€there.€€Ìà àSgt.€Danny€Mantooth€testified€that€when€he€arrived€at€the€home,€InvestigatorÏGreen€was€explaining€the€consent€€to€search€form€to€the€defendant.€HeÏdescribed€the€defendant€as€ð ðpassiveðð€and€said€he€assisted€in€the€search.€Ìà àThe€defendant€presented€testimony€from€his€15„year„old€daughter,€MandyÏAshley.€Miss€Ashley€testified€she€heard€a€female€officer€tell€her€father€the€police€Ïcould€enter€the€home€without€a€warrant€and€if€the€defendant€did€not€allow€it,€sheÍwould€force€the€family€to€wait€outside€while€she€obtained€one.€She€said€that€herÏfather€insisted€he€did€not€commit€the€crime.€€€Ìà àThe€trial€judge€asked€the€teen€if€she€saw€who€brought€€the€items€into€theÏhouse.€She€first€said€she€did€not€remember,€and€then€said€she€did€not€see€whoÏit€was.€€She€also€said€she€did€not€remember€how€long€the€items€had€been€there.€Ìà àThe€trial€judge€denied€the€motion€to€suppress.€He€did€not€make€any€findingsÏof€fact€on€the€record.€ÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔB.ó ó€€ò òApplicable€Lawó óÌÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àThe€standard€of€review€for€reviewing€a€trial€courtððs€denial€of€a€suppressionÏmotion€is€whether€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€findings.ÏòòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18,€22„23€(Tenn.€1996).€The€ð ðparty€prevailing€in€theÏtrial€court€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€adduced€atÏthe€suppression€hearing€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferencesÏthat€may€be€drawn€from€that€evidence.ðð€òòOdomóó,€928€S.W.2d€at€23.€The€credibilityÏof€witnesses,€the€weight€of€the€evidence,€and€the€resolution€of€conflicts€in€theÏevidence€are€all€matters€entrusted€to€the€trial€judge€as€the€trier€of€fact.€òòIdóó.€Thus,Ïthe€factual€findings€of€the€trial€court€in€suppression€hearings€are€presumptivelyÍcorrect€on€appeal€and€will€be€upheld€unless€the€evidence€preponderatesÏagainst€them.€òòIdóó.,€òòState€v.€Woodsóó,€806€S.W.2d€205,€208€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1990),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€€502€U.S.€1079,€112€S.Ct.€986,€117€L.Ed.2d€148€(1992):ÏòòseeóóòòalsoóóòòState€v.€Tateóó,€615€S.W.2d€161,€162€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1981).€òòÌóóà àA€warrantless€search€is€presumed€to€be€illegal€under€the€FourthÏAmendment.€òòSchneckloth€v.€Bustamonteóó,€412€U.S.€218,€219,€93€S.Ct.€2041,Ï2043,€36€L.Ed.2d€854€(1973).€€€There€are,€of€course,€exceptions€to€the€warrantÏrequirement€including€consent€to€search.€òòWoodsóó,€806€S.W.2d€at€209;€òòState€v.ÏGreenóó,€613€S.W.2d€229,€232€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980),€€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1981);€òòMcGee€v.€Stateóó,€2€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€100,€107,€451€S.W.2d€709,€712Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1969).€€The€state€bears€the€burden€of€establishing€that€theÏsearch€and€seizure€were€reasonable.€òòState€v.€Crabtreeóó,€655€S.W.2d€173,€179Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).ò òÌó óà à€The€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€said,€ð ðIn€order€to€pass€constitutionalÏmuster,€consent€to€search€must€be€unequivocal,€specific,€intelligently€given,€andÍuncontaminated€by€duress€or€coercion.ðð€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€547Ï(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòLiming€v.€Stateóó,€220€Tenn.€371,€417€S.W.2d€769€(1967)).ÏòòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòSchnecklothóó,€412€U.S.€at€248„49,€93€S.Ct.€at€€2059,€36€L.Ed.2d€854.Ìà àThis€court€has€observed€that€one€does€not€have€an€expectation€of€privacy€ð ðinÏfront€of€his€residence€which€leads€from€the€public€way€to€the€front€door.ðð€òòState€v.ÏBakeróó,€625€S.W.2d€724,€727€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€ð ðThe€custom€of€expectingÏpeople€to€come€to€the€front€door€of€a€residence€for€various€lawful€purposes€is€ofÏlong€duration.ðð€òòIdóó.€at€727.€In€òòBakeróó,€an€officer€went€to€the€front€door€of€a€home€toÏask€for€directions€to€a€nearby€farm.€While€at€the€front€door,€he€observed€aÏmarijuana€plant€in€the€yard.€That€observation€became€the€basis€for€a€searchÏwarrant.€€Ìà àIn€òòState€v.€Gary€Raines,€et.€alóó,€Cheatham€County€No.€01„C„01„9703„CC„00108,€1998€WL€96420€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€March€5,€1998),€this€courtÏsaid€a€law€enforcement€officer€has€a€right€to€knock€on€the€front€door€to€ask€aboutÏthe€whereabouts€of€an€individual€listed€in€an€arrest€warrant.× ƒG ××  ×€Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€defendantððs€home€was€accessible€by€two€streets.€ÏInvestigator€Green,€using€Third€Street€that€provides€access€to€the€concreteÏcompany,€drove€into€the€defendantððs€driveway€which€ended€at€the€back€porch.€ÏIt€was€not€unreasonable€that€an€individual€who€entered€a€driveway€would€useÏthe€door€closest€to€the€drive.€Investigator€Green€went€to€the€defendantððs€houseÏto€ask€him€for€consent€to€search€the€premises.€€Only€after€she€was€there€andÏafter€she€knocked€did€she€notice€the€suspicious€property€covered€by€theÏblanket.Ìà àThe€facts€support€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€voluntary€consent.€€TheÏdefendant€gave€oral€consent€and€then€written€consent.€€He€assisted€authoritiesÏby€pointing€out€various€items€that€were€taken.€The€consent€form€signed€by€theÏdefendant€explicitly€states€that€he€had€a€right€to€refuse€consent.€€òòSeeóóÏòòSchnecklothóó,€412€U.S.€at€249,€93€S.Ct.€at€2059€(knowledge€of€right€to€refuse€is€aÏfactor€when€determining€the€voluntariness€of€consent).€€There€was€no€evidenceÏthat€the€defendant€asked€Investigator€Green€or€her€fellow€officers€to€leave.Ìà àHer€presence€there€was€not€unlawful.€€We€cannot€conclude€that€the€consentÏwas€preceded€by€an€illegal€search.Ìà à€As€to€the€defendantððs€claims€that€the€investigator€coerced€the€search,€theÏtrial€judge€obviously€accredited€the€testimony€of€the€stateððs€witnesses€andÏrejected€the€version€of€events€as€testified€to€by€the€defendantððs€daughter.€TheÏtrial€judge€was€in€a€far€better€position€to€evaluate€credibility€than€we€are.€FromÏour€view,€we€can€only€conclude€that€the€evidence€does€not€preponderateÏagainst€the€trial€courtððs€findings.€In€the€case€before€us,€the€trial€court€obviouslyÏfound€the€defendant€voluntarily€consented€to€the€search€of€his€home.€€òòSeeóóÏòòalsoóóòòState€v.€James€R.€Wicksóó,€Dickson€County€No.€01„C„01„9603„CC„00091Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€February€28,€1997)€(This€court€upheld€trial€courtððsÏdenial€of€motion€to€suppress€after€finding€that€the€evidence€did€not€demonstrateÏthat€consent€to€search€was€preceded€by€an€illegal€search).€Ìà àThe€trial€court€did€not€err€in€denying€the€defendantððs€motion€to€suppress.€ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔIV.€€Jury€Instructionó óÌÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€instructing€the€juryÏon€constructive€and€joint€possession€of€the€marijuana.× ƒH ××  ×€He€argues€there€wasÏinsufficient€proof€€that€he€constructively€possessed€the€drugs,€thus,€theÏinstruction€was€not€justified.€à àAs€for€the€instruction€on€joint€possession,€heÏessentially€claims€since€he€was€the€only€one€charged€with€possession,€it€wasÏerror€to€give€the€jury€an€instruction€on€joint€possession.€In€this€case,€the€co„defendant€Lora€Hacker€was€not€charged€with€possession€of€marijuana.Ìà àConstructive€possession€requires€that€a€person€knowingly€have€the€powerÏand€the€intention€at€a€given€time€to€exercise€dominion€and€control€over€anÏobject€either€directly€or€through€others.€Constructive€possession€is€the€ability€toÏreduce€an€object€to€actual€possession.€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€623€S.W.2d€121,Ï125€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€As€this€court€explained€in€òòArmstrong€v.€Stateóó,€aÏperson€with€a€possessory€interest€in€the€residence€where€drugs€are€located€mayÏbe€presumed€to€possess€the€drugs.€€òòArmstrongóó,€548€S.W.2d€337€(Tenn.€Crim.ÍApp.€1976).€€€As€the€state€points€out,€the€ownership€of€the€drugs€is€a€question€ofÏfact€for€the€jury.€Thus€the€instruction€on€constructive€possession€was€not€in€error.Ìà àMarijuana€was€discovered€in€the€house€shared€by€the€defendant€and€his€co„defendant€girlfriend.€The€defendant€cites€no€authority€to€support€his€contentionÏthat€in€order€to€instruct€the€jury€about€joint€possession,€more€than€one€personÏmust€be€indicted€for€the€possession€of€drugs.Ìà àThe€trial€judge€must€instruct€the€jury€fully€on€all€issues€fairly€raised€by€theÏproof.€òòState€v.€Harbisonóó,€704€S.W.2d€314,€319€(Tenn.€1986),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€476ÏU.S.€1153,€106€S.Ct.€2261,€90€L.Ed.2d€705€(1986).€The€trial€judge€did€so€in€thisÏcase.Ìà àThe€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔÌV.€€Sentencingó óÌÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àAs€his€final€issue,€the€defendant€complains€that€his€four„year€sentence€wasÏexcessive.€He€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€(a)€by€failing€to€consider€aÏmitigating€factor€and€(b)€in€weighing€the€mitigating€and€enhancing€factors€toÏarrive€at€the€four„year€sentence.ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔA.ó ó€€ò òApplicable€Lawó óÌÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€aÏsentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823ÏS.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€The€Sentencing€Commission€CommentsÏprovide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€theÏsentence.Ìà àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€theÏtrial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€ofÏsentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)Ïthe€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancingÍfactors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€theÏdefendantððs€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€ðð€40„35„102,€€„103,€and€„210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1987).€ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔà àB.€€Enhancement€FactorÌó óÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àThe€presentence€report€established€that€the€defendant,€age€37€at€the€time€ofÏthe€sentencing,€completed€the€twelfth€grade.€Divorced,€he€has€three€daughtersÏand€was€expecting€another€child€with€his€co„defendant€at€the€time€of€sentencingÏin€1996.€The€defendant€had€worked€as€a€carpenter€and€lathe€operator.€DuringÏthe€latter€job€he€was€injured.€€At€the€time€of€the€offense,€he€was€a€driver€for€theÏFranklin€Publishing€Company.€€His€prior€criminal€history€includes€convictions€forÏaggravated€assault,€assault€and€battery,€possession€of€marijuana,€passingÏworthless€checks,€hunting€without€permission,€two€counts€of€careless€driving,Ïseven€counts€of€speeding,€running€a€stop€sign,€driving€with€a€revoked€license,Ïtwo€counts€of€driving€without€proper€vehicle€registration,€violation€of€boatÏregistration,€and€two€counts€of€violating€the€legal€bumper€height.€TheÍdefendantððs€convictions€occurred€in€Franklin,€Tennessee€and€in€Bay€County,ÏFlorida.€€The€defendant€admitted€to€moderate€marijuana€use.€ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancement€factors:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ  ÒÓ#` °¸ ‡À‰X#ÓÓÓà à(1)à àThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€toÏestablish€the€appropriate€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).ÌÓÓÌÓÓà à(8)à àThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€ofÏunwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentenceÏinvolving€release€into€the€community.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(8).ÌÓÓÌÓÓà à(13)€The€felony€was€committed€while€on€any€of€the€followingÏforms€of€release€status€if€such€release€status€is€from€a€prior€felonyÏconviction:ÌÌà àà àà à(A)€Bail,€if€the€defendant€is€ultimately€convicted€ofÏsuch€prior€felony;Ìà àà àà à(B)€Parole;Ìà àà àà à(C)€Probation;Ìà àà àà à(D)€Work€release;€orÌà àà àà à(E)€Any€other€type€of€release€into€the€communityÏunder€the€direct€or€indirect€supervision€of€the€department€ofÍcorrection€or€local€governmental€authority.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(13).ÌÓÓÌÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ` °„X‡À‰XÓà àThe€trial€court€found€no€mitigating€factors.Ìà àThe€defendant€does€not€object€to€the€use€of€enhancing€factors€(1)€andÏ(13)€but€does€object€to€the€use€of€factor€(8).€Regarding€factor€(8)€the€trial€judgeÏsaid:ÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ  ÒÓÓà àI€find€.€.€.€that€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€ofÏunwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentenceÏinvolving€release€in€the€community.€Iððm€basing€that€decision€uponÏthe€fact€that€Mrs.€Ledsinger€testified€to€me€that€in€her€judgment€thisÏdefendant€had€not€cooperated€with€her€on€probation,€that€he,Ïdespite€her€instructions,€had€gone€to€the€state€of€Alabama€and€IððmÏconcluding€that€it€is€reasonable€to€infer€that€if€your€automobile€isÏstolen€in€Alabama€there€was€a€pretty€good€probability€you€wereÏdown€there€with€the€automobile€when€it€was€stolen,€and€quiteÏfrankly,€Iððm€basing€that€on€my€judgment€of€the€credibility€and€of€theÏdefendant,€having€observed€him€during€the€testimony€of€the€trial,Ïand€I€just€didnððt€believe€for€a€minute,€folks,€that€this€property€wasÏjust€set€out€for€somebody€to€walk€by€and€just€happen€to€take€homeÏwith€them.€I€understand€the€jury€didnððt€convict€of€burglary,€but€thatÏdoesnððt€necessarily€mean€that€a€burglary€didnððt€occur€in€theÏsituation.€ÌÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓÌà àThe€defendant€objects€to€the€trial€judgeððs€reliance€on€the€defendantððsÏnon„verbal€conduct€at€trial€as€a€means€for€judging€his€credibility.€The€defendantÏdid€not€take€the€stand€and€the€trial€judge€did€not€explain€or€elaborate€on€whatÏnon„verbal€conduct€was€observed.€Ì€à àEven€if€the€trial€courtððs€reliance€on€the€defendantððs€unexplained€conductÏat€trial€was€improper,€the€testimony€of€Ms.€Janet€Ledsinger€alone€regarding€theÏdefendantððs€actions€supports€the€use€of€factor€(8).€Ìà àMs.€Ledsinger€supervised€the€defendantððs€probation€sentence€inÏTennessee€which€originated€in€Florida.€Although€initially€complying€with€theÏterms€of€his€probation,€the€defendant€ultimately€failed€to€pay€fines,€to€pay€cost€ofÏsupervision,€and€to€report€as€scheduled€to€Ms.€Ledsinger.€€The€defendantÏbegan€traveling€to€North€Alabama€to€visit€his€cousinððs€wife,€the€co„defendant.€ÏWhen€Ms.€Ledsinger€said€he€could€no€longer€go,€he€continued.€€Her€testimonyÏindicated€that€the€defendant€lied€about€his€relationship€with€his€cousinððs€wifeÏand€lied€about€€travelling€to€visit€her.€Ìà àMs.€Ledsingerððs€testimony€supports€the€use€of€factor€(8).ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔC.€€Mitigating€FactorÌó óÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔà àThe€defendant€argues€now€on€appeal€that€the€court€should€have€takenÏinto€account€that€the€defendantððs€actions€neither€caused€nor€threatened€seriousÏbodily€injury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1).€The€defendant€did€not€ask€forÏthe€application€of€any€mitigating€factors€at€sentencing.€Even€if€this€factor€were€toÏmitigate€the€punishment,€the€effect€would€be€substantially€outweighed€by€theÏenhancing€factors.€Any€error€would€be€harmless.€òòState€v.€David€McClureóó,ÏDavidson€County€No.€01„C„01„9505„CR„00145,€1997€WL€211254€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€Nashville,€April€30,€1997).€ÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ#ddaaÔD.ó ó€€ò òRange€of€Sentenceó óÌÓ  ÓÔ#aaddÔÌà àFinally,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€maximum€sentence€of€four€yearsÏwas€excessive€and€asks€for€a€sentence€of€three€years.Ìà àThe€defendant€was€eligible€for€a€sentence€ranging€from€two€to€four€years.ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(4).€The€statute€provides€that€for€a€Class€DÍfelony€the€judge€start€at€the€minimum€of€the€range€and€if€there€are€enhancementÏfactors,€and€no€mitigating€factors,€€then€the€court€may€set€the€sentence€aboveÏthe€minimum€but€still€within€the€range.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210.€The€trialÏjudge€did€not€err€in€sentencing€the€defendant€to€the€maximum€within€the€range.€€€€€€€ÌÇà àThe€issue€is€without€merit.€Ìà àÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________________à àà àà àà àà àà àà àL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÌÓ  ÓÓ` ÜŒ ‹X€%Ø'ÓÔ#ddÔÌ