ÿWPC\= ¢¥¦)íàø…€8ó„m!Ðnt£ë……8ò6~ëJêÄ÷«Ãmö¨a[aÞÀõ É:£F)þXÛLSÜsÍ©}{FY›Þ£iþöÛ·'©ñ·Û@l°€ÎH´´@ûZªÃ“$ó]«Öè~™ ŽÌæÄéÓÈ÷åôíÏ'3H€ò“+yd>¤œ§Ô'¶ÓBÎT3¶FÌ®@Y{j=Wqš´v´V;ÆÐÐÙñÚ‚T`’ˆ]!´ÿÀç7†L»ß[Ø ÅM®â@ûk̃R×MYíᡌ(Ž2îö$|Ê ¦mœL‡êyÜÑú L0ÙÜn{Ç”³zÒpé`uK{Ìðhu~Hgga©»›UdT©2aó|Ÿ="ŽÎ2¼—1žè~£ñ.( 'G¢YðŠþspTU5é9(x ¹NV&ïÃV¸/<>.Ò]R)   s4Â3cmÉrK9~bÉ}Mü4XÚâ_û¸Ä…zi·ÞÌìùWU%f«í  ™±|Y8853aLY0Bd™!÷N;;—Q ù? TЭF%Ã3e¡8vãÌÇÒ»Cü `‡¥îKynfÂú‘ %î Nô 0ˆö UN~ U >Ì z Ò„ zV ÒÐ N¢ Ф Ã. zñÆkÆ1Æ÷ƽÒƒNUNW YY zsÒíE¿NÁÁÁÁ zÃÒ=N zÒ‹N]]]] z_ÒÙN«««b­ zµÒ/N   z Ò} NO!O!O! zQ!ÒË!N""" zŸ"Ò#Në#ë#ë# zí#Òg$N9%9%9% z;%Òµ%N‡&‡&‡& z‰&Ò'NÕ'Õ'Õ' 0ë×' zÂ(Ò<)N* B** 0¤-* D5Ñ* D-+ 0K3+3+ AS~+ÆÑ+ 0¤—, 0D;- A«- z*.Ò¤.Nv/v/v/ zx/Òò/NÄ0Ä0Ä0 zÆ0Ò@1N222 z2ÒŽ2N`3`3`3 zb3ÒÜ3N®4®4®4 z°4Ò*5Nü5ü5ü5 zþ5Òx6NJ7J7J7 zL7ÒÆ7^ ˜8w¤84¨8¼8Ë8 mÍ8ä8#Éú8 0DÃ;U<»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularô\  `‹&Times New Roman˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt Ô $ ' ib014r200ib014r20 .    ¹Ý ƒR:f$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôëtò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€The€appellant€ð ðÔ‡ôëÈ òòôëtÔcarries€the€Ô% ‡ ÔÔ#†ôëtò òôëÈ’#ÔÔ%†½ÔÔ‡ôëÈ òòôëtÔburden€of€ensuring€that€the€Ô#†ôëtò òôëÈþ#ÔÔ‡ôëÈ òòôëtÔrecord€on€appeal€conveys€a€fair,€accurate,€and€Ô#†ôëtò òôëÈ\#ÔÔ‡ôëÈ òòôëtÔcompleteÐ ° Ðaccount€of€what€has€transpired€with€respect€to€those€issues€that€are€the€bases€of€appeal.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b)Ô#†ôëtò òôëÈÍ#Ô.€Ð qÁ ÐTherefore,€generally,€Ô‡ôëÈ òòôëtÔð ð[Ô_Ôi]nÔ_Ô€the€absence€of€an€adequate€record€on€appeal,€this€court€must€presume€that€the€trial€courtððsÐ 2‚ Ðrulings€were€supported€by€sufficient€evidence.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔOodyÔ_Ôóó,€823€S.W.2d€554,€559€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1991).Ô#†ôëtò òôëÈÎ#ÔÔ‡ôëÈ òòôëtÔÐ óC ÐÔ#†ôëtò òôëÈa#Ô˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5C:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿÿSearchTerm˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt$˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt*˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt- ù-0˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt5˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt:˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt?˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptD˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptI˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptN˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt(|G2:f$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€È»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôëtò»»ÔT˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt d(|3x§$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€È»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3x§$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€È»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKc˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpth˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptm˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptr˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptw˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt|˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt†˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptØžY1Ï  ~‰/\Pê:i¢×+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ñ ° ј\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó KÝ ƒR:f$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôëtò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Many€of€the€witnesses€in€the€instant€case€share€a€surname.€€Accordingly,€for€clarity,€we€will€be€using€the€firstÐ ° Ðnames€of€the€witnesses.€€We€intend€no€disrespect€to€these€individuals.Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€È»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼È»»»ÔÑ8€‚¯XXdé»»d8ÑÑ€OYÑà@hhìàÔ‡î$îÈÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼È»îî$î-#ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€August€3,€2004Ð öF ÐÔ‡X‚¯X»¼ÈÔÌò òÔ#†¼È»XX‚¯>#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóÔ_ÔRICKYÔ_Ô€JOE€Ô_ÔAWATTÔ_ÔÔ‡X‚¯X»¼ÈÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Madison€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€02„170€€€€€€Roy€B.€Morgan,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2003„02680„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€October€18,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€appellant€was€convicted€in€the€Madison€County€Circuit€Court€of€the€first€degree€premeditatedÐ V¦  Ðmurder€of€Ô_ÔJunecusÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBoldenÔ_Ô.€€The€appellant€received€a€sentence€of€life€imprisonment€in€the€TennesseeÐ ? ÐDepartment€of€Correction.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€raises€issues€regarding€the€admission€of€certainÐ (x Ðtestimony€and€the€propriety€of€the€Stateððs€rebuttal€closing€argument.€€Upon€review€of€the€record€andÐ a Ðthe€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð úJ ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ Ì ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼È»àX‚¯õ#ÔÔ‡X‚¯X.¼ÈÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,óó€andÐ Ÿï ÐòòThomas€T.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌMichael€D.€Ô_ÔRasnakeÔ_Ô,€Jackson,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Ô_ÔRickyÔ_Ô€Joe€Ô_ÔAwattÔ_Ô.Ð Zª ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Helena€W.€Ô_ÔYarbroughÔ_Ô,€Assistant€DistrictÐ ,| ÐAttorney€General;€Jerry€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Daniel€J.€Ô_ÔRundeÔ_Ô€and€Lawrence€R.Ð e ÐÔ_ÔNickellÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€Assistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð þN ÐÓ%ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼È»XX‚¯T#ÔÔ‡X‚¯X»¼ÈÔÐ Ð! ! ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼È»XX‚¯G #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X‚¯X»¼ÈÔà@ìàòòò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóˆÐ £#ó# ÐÌà  àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€proof€at€trial€revealed€that€one€or€two€weeks€priorÐ v%Æ % Ðto€January€16,€2002,€Ernest€Ô_ÔOntaviousÔ_Ô€Richard€Williamson€(ð ðErnestðð)€had€a€conversation€with€theÐ _&¯!& Ðappellant.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€During€the€conversation,€Ernest€learned€that€there€was€ð ðbad€bloodðð€brewing€between€theÐ H'˜"' Ðappellant€and€the€victim,€Ô_ÔJunecusÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBoldenÔ_Ô.€€According€to€Ernest,€the€appellant€claimed€that€Ô_ÔBoldenÔ_ÔÐ 1(#( Ðâ âhad€threatened€the€appellantððs€brother,€Elliot€Ô_ÔAwattÔ_Ô,€and€the€appellant€was€ð ðgonna€get€Ô_ÔBoldenÔ_Ô€backÐ )j$)ý ÐÑOYÑâ âѰ°Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_Ôfor€threatening€.€.€.€to€kill€his€brother.ðð€€The€appellant€declared€that€he€wanted€to€kill€Bolden,€andÐ ° Ðð ð[h]e€said€he€could€do€it€himself.ðð€€Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àAt€approximately€8:00€p.m.€on€January€16,€2002,€the€appellant€accompanied€Ernest€to€theÐ k» Ðhome€of€Ernestððs€brother,€Anthony€Williamson€(ð ðAnthonyðð),€because€Anthony€was€going€to€giveÐ T¤ ÐErnest€a€haircut.€€While€the€three€men€were€together,€the€appellant€again€talked€about€ð ðgettingððÐ =  ÐBolden.€€Ernest€and€the€appellant€left€Anthonyððs€house€at€approximately€10:00€p.m.,€and€ErnestÐ & v Ðdrove€the€appellant€home.€€Ð  _ ÐÌà  àEarlier€that€day,€at€approximately€7:00€p.m.,€Bolden€went€to€the€residence€of€brothers€CoreyÐ á 1  ÐAlexander€Moore€(ð ðCoreyðð)€and€Jim€Coty€Moore€(ð ðCotyðð)€for€assistance€installing€a€compact€discÐ Ê   Ð(CD)€player€in€his€car.€€Bolden€was€at€the€Moore€residence€for€several€hours.€€While€Bolden€was€atÐ ³  Ðthe€Moore€residence,€the€appellant,€who€was€the€Mooresðð€cousin€and€next„door€neighbor,€arrived.€Ð œì  ÐBecause€of€technical€difficulties,€the€men€were€unable€to€install€the€CD€player.€€The€appellant€pulledÐ …Õ  ÐCorey€aside€and€told€him€that€Bolden€had€stolen€some€guns€from€him.€€Accordingly,€the€appellantÐ n¾  Ðwanted€to€ð ðwhoopðð€Bolden.€€Corey€agreed€to€help€and€advised€Coty€of€the€plan€to€beat€Bolden.€€Ð W§  ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€informed€Bolden€that€he€had€a€CD€player€at€an€abandoned€white€house€in€theÐ )y Ðneighborhood.€€Therefore,€at€approximately€10:00€or€10:30€p.m.,€the€Moores,€the€appellant,€andÐ b ÐBolden€entered€Boldenððs€car€and€rode€to€the€location.€€Once€at€the€house,€the€Moores€and€theÐ ûK Ðappellant€pretended€to€look€for€the€CD€player€in€order€to€lure€Bolden€out€of€the€car.€€Eventually,Ð ä4 ÐBolden€became€frustrated€with€the€search€and€left€the€house.€€Once€all€four€men€were€outside€of€theÐ Í Ðhouse,€Coty€announced€that€it€was€ð ðtaking€too€longðð€to€begin€ð ðteach[ing]€[Bolden]€a€little€lesson,ððÐ ¶ Ðso€he€approached€Bolden€and€began€to€strike€him.€€Corey€and€the€appellant€also€hit€Bolden.€€AfterÐ Ÿï Ða€few€minutes,€the€Moores€determined€that€they€had€hit€Bolden€ð ðenough,ðð€and€they€got€back€into€theÐ ˆØ Ðcar,€planning€to€leave€Bolden€stranded€at€the€location.€€However,€after€hearing€five€loud€shots,€theÐ qÁ ÐMoores€turned€to€see€the€appellant€standing€over€Bolden,€holding€a€twelve€gauge€sawed„off€shotgunÐ Zª Ðwith€fire€coming€from€the€barrel.€€The€appellant€got€into€the€backseat€of€the€vehicle,€and€Coty€droveÐ C“ Ðthem€home.€€Ð ,| ÐÌà  àAt€approximately€midnight€on€January€17,€2002,€the€appellant€arrived€at€AnthonyÐ þN ÐWilliamsonððs€house.€€He€told€Anthony€that€ð ðthey€had€beat€somebody€up,ðð€and€Anthony€deduced€thatÐ ç 7 Ðthe€appellant€was€referring€to€Bolden.€€Anthony€sent€the€appellant€to€Ernestððs€house.€€ShortlyÐ Ð!   Ðthereafter,€Ernest€and€the€appellant€returned€to€Anthonyððs€house,€and€the€appellant€again€stated€thatÐ ¹" ! Ðhe€ð ðdid€it.ðð€€The€appellant€told€the€Williamsons€that€ð ðhim€and€his€cousins,€Coty€and€Corey,€had€beatÐ ¢#ò" Ðup€Mr.€Bolden€and€then€[the€appellant]€shot€him.ðð€€The€appellant€then€insisted€that€the€WilliamsonsÐ ‹$Û# Ðhelp€him€move€Boldenððs€body.€€The€Williamsons€reluctantly€complied.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌà  àThe€appellant,€driving€Boldenððs€car,€drove€the€Williamsons€to€the€abandoned€white€houseÐ F'–"& Ðwhich€was€located€approximately€one„fourth€of€a€mile€from€the€appellantððs€home.€€Together,€theÐ /(#' Ðthree€men€loaded€Boldenððs€body€into€the€trunk€of€his€car,€and€they€tucked€a€quilt€that€had€been€inÐ )h$( Ðthe€trunk€around€the€body.€€Once€the€body€was€in€the€trunk,€the€appellant€requested€that€AnthonyÐ *Q%) Ðdrive€as€the€appellant€did€not€have€a€driverððs€license.€€Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà  àAnthony€drove€Ernest€and€the€appellant€to€Ernestððs€house€so€that€Ernest€could€get€his€car.€Ð ° ÐErnest€then€drove€behind€Anthony€and€the€appellant€to€the€south€fork€of€Forked€Deer€River.€€UponÐ ™é Ðarrival€at€the€river,€Anthony€and€the€appellant€slid€Boldenððs€car€off€a€boat€ramp€into€the€river.€Ð ‚Ò ÐThereafter,€Ernest€drove€the€trio€home.€€Ð k» ÐÌà  àLater€in€the€afternoon,€the€appellant€returned€to€the€Moore€household€and€asked€Corey€toÐ =  Ðhelp€him€and€his€brother€Elliot€gather€the€shotgun€shells€from€the€scene€of€the€crime.€€The€menÐ & v Ðgathered€the€shells€and€disbursed€them€on€the€side€of€the€road€as€they€were€driving€home.€€Ð  _ ÐÌà  àBoldenððs€car€and€body€were€discovered€at€approximately€8:15€or€8:30€a.m.€on€January€17,Ð á 1  Ð2002.€€Police€questioned€the€appellant,€the€Moores,€and€the€Williamsons€because€they€were€BoldenððsÐ Ê   Ðfriends.€€Ultimately,€the€Moores€and€the€Williamsons€revealed€the€story€of€Boldenððs€death.€€TheÐ ³  Ðappellant€was€arrested,€and€a€trial€followed.€€Ð œì  ÐÌà  àBased€upon€the€foregoing€proof,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€first€degreeÐ n¾  Ðpremeditated€murder.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€to€life€imprisonment.€€On€appeal,€theÐ W§  Ðappellant€raises€the€following€issues€for€our€review:Ð @ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€Whether€the€Honorable€Circuit€Court€erred€in€allowing€the€StateððsÐ b Ðwitnesses€to€view€exhibits€created€in€the€courtroom€by€a€previousÐ ûK ÐStateððs€witness€in€violation€of€Rule€615€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€ofÐ ä4 ÐEvidence;€andÐÍ` x` x ÐÌ€à8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)€Whether€the€Honorable€Circuit€Court€committed€plain€error€inÐ Ÿï Ðallowing€the€Stateððs€attorney€to€express€his€personal€opinion€aboutÐ ˆØ Ðthe€guilt€of€the€appellant€and€vouch€for€the€credibility€of€witnessesÐ qÁ Ðduring€closing€arguments.ÐZª` x` x ÐÌWe€will€address€each€of€these€issues€in€turn.€€Ð ,| ÐÌà@êê$ìàòòò òII.€€Analysisóóó óˆÐ þN ÐÌÓ  ÓA.€€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€615Ð Ñ!!  ÐÓ  ÓÌà  àThe€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€ð ðerred€by€allowing€a€Witness,€Mr.€AnthonyÐ £#ó" ÐWilliamson,€to€view€evidence,€specifically€diagrams€with€stickers€placed€by€prior€Stateððs€Witness,Ð Œ$Ü# ÐMr.€Ernest€Williamson,€during€the€subsequent€witnessðð€testimony€in€violation€of€Rule€615€of€theÐ u%Å $ ÐTennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.ðð€€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€615€is€the€rule€of€sequestration€and€isÐ ^&®!% Ðð ðnow€colloquially€referred€to€as€ððThe€Rule.ðððð€Neil€P.€Cohen€et€al.,€òòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó,€ððÐ G'—"& Ð6.15[2]€(LEXIS€publishing,€4th€ed.€2000).€€Ð 0(€#' ÐÌà  àRule€615€provides€that€ð ðÔ‡Xû XXX‚¯Ô[a]t€the€request€of€a€party€the€court€shall€order€witnesses,€includingÐ *R%) Ðrebuttal€witnesses,€excluded€at€trial€or€other€adjudicatory€hearing.€.€.€.€€The€court€shall€order€allÐ ë*;&* Ðpersons€not€to€disclose€by€any€means€to€excluded€witnesses€any€live€trial€testimony€or€exhibitsÐ Ô+$'+ Ðcreated€in€the€courtroom€by€a€witness.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€615.€€Ô#†X‚¯X XXûX.#ÔThe€purpose€of€the€Rule€is€to€ð ðÔ‡Xû XXX‚¯ÔpreventÐ ° Ðone€witness€from€hearing€the€testimony€of€another€and€adjusting€his€testimony€accordinglyÔ#†X‚¯X XXûF0#Ô.ðð€€òòStateÐ ™é Ðv.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€68€(Tenn.€1992).€€Ô‡Xû XXX‚¯ÔThe€Rule€may€be€invoked€at€any€time€and€is€mandatoryÐ ‚Ò Ðupon€its€invocation.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€836€S.W.2d€600,€605€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€Ô#†X‚¯X XXûP1#ÔThereÐ k» Ðis€no€prescribed€sanction€for€violation€of€the€Rule;€rather,€a€trial€court€retains€discretion€to€imposeÐ T¤ Ðthe€appropriate€sanction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€75€S.W.3d€422,€424€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2001).€€Further,Ð =  Ðð ð[t]he€decision€to€exclude€or€allow€the€testimony€is€a€matter€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court,Ð & v Ðsubject€to€a€showing€of€abuse€and€prejudice€to€the€complaining€party.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€424„25.€€Ð  _ ÐÌà  àThe€appellantððs€complaint€centers€around€the€testimony€of€Ernest€and€Anthony€Williamson.Ð á 1  ÐDuring€direct€examination,€the€State€asked€Ernest€to€examine€a€diagram€of€the€abandoned€houseÐ Ê   Ðwhere€Bolden€was€killed,€which€diagram€was€entered€into€evidence€as€Exhibit€3.€€Thereafter,€theÐ ³  ÐState€requested€that€Ernest€place€a€sticker€on€the€diagram€ð ðwhere€the€car€was€parked€when€you€allÐ œì  Ðpulled€up€there€[to€remove€the€body].ðð€€This€sticker€was€labeled€ð ðEW€1.ðð€€Next,€Ernest€placed€aÐ …Õ  Ðsticker,€later€labeled€ð ðEW€2,ðð€to€indicate€where€the€car€ð ðultimately€end[ed]€upðð€after€it€was€backedÐ n¾  Ðinto€the€driveway.€€Finally,€Ernest€placed€sticker€ð ðEW€3ðð€to€indicate€the€location€of€Boldenððs€bodyÐ W§  Ðwhen€he€arrived€at€the€abandoned€house.€€The€State€then€presented€Exhibit€5,€a€diagram€of€the€southÐ @ Ðfork€of€Forked€Deer€River.€€The€State€asked€Ernest€to€place€sticker€ð ðEW€4ðð€to€depict€the€locationÐ )y Ðwhere€Ernest€ð ðparked€while€the€Bolden€vehicle€went€down€towards€the€river.ðð€€Ð b ÐÌà  àAfter€Ernestððs€testimony,€the€State€called€Anthony€Williamson€to€testify.€€The€appellantÐ ä4 Ðobjected€to€Anthony€viewing€the€diagram€bearing€the€labeled€stickers,€arguing€that€ð ðthe€rule€wouldÐ Í Ðdeclare€that€we€have€a€clean€slate€in€here€so€this€witness€isnððt€influenced€by€anything€thatððs€alreadyÐ ¶ Ðbeen€said€or€already€been€put€in€front€of€the€jury.ðð€€The€trial€court€reasoned€that€because€the€RuleÐ Ÿï Ðhad€been€requested€at€the€beginning€of€trial,€Anthony€ð ðwould€have€no€indication€that€they€were€putÐ ˆØ Ðup€there€as€a€result€of€the€prior€testimony.ðð€€However,€the€trial€court€cautioned€that€ð ðthis€witnessÐ qÁ Ðshould€not€approach€so€close€that€he€might€read€any€initials€on€the€chart€but€could€still€point€out€atÐ Zª Ðsome€distance,€if€asked€by€the€State.ððÐ C“ ÐÌà  àDuring€direct€examination€of€Anthony€Williamson,€the€State€brought€out€Exhibit€3,€theÐ e Ðdiagram€of€the€abandoned€house€where€Bolden€was€killed.€€The€State€asked€Anthony€if€ð ðyou€can€putÐ þN Ðthat€sticker€up€[on€Exhibit€3]€where€you€recall€the€car€being€stopped,€and€Iððm€going€to€put€ððAW1.ðððð€Ð ç 7 ÐNext,€the€State€gave€Anthony€another€sticker,€labeled€ð ðAW€2,ðð€requesting€that€he€place€the€stickerÐ Ð!   Ðon€the€diagram€to€indicate€where€he€recalled€seeing€Boldenððs€body.€€Finally,€the€State€displayedÐ ¹" ! ÐExhibit€5,€the€diagram€of€the€south€fork€of€Forked€Deer€River,€and€asked€Anthony€to€place€a€stickerÐ ¢#ò" Ðindicating€where€he€stopped€on€the€boat€ramp€prior€to€sliding€Boldenððs€car€into€the€river.€€Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€argues€that€ð ð[a]llowing€Mr.€Anthony€Williamson€to€approach€andÐ ]&­!% Ðview€Stateððs€Exhibits€Numbers€3€and€5€was€tantamount€to€allowing€Mr.€Anthony€Williamson€to€hearÐ F'–"& Ðthe€testimony€of€the€prior€Witness,€Mr.€Ernest€Williamson.ðð€€Initially,€we€note€that,€based€upon€theÐ /(#' Ðtrial€courtððs€ruling€to€the€appellantððs€objection,€Anthony€should€not€have€approached€the€diagramsÐ )h$( Ðto€personally€place€the€stickers€on€the€exhibits.€€Regardless,€while€Anthony€may€have€viewedÐ *Q%) Ðstickers€placed€on€the€diagrams€by€Ernest,€there€is€no€indication€that€the€stickers€impacted€AnthonyððsÐ ê*:&* Ðtestimony.€€òòSeeóó€òòBlackóó,€75€S.W.3d€at€425.€€Moreover,€our€examination€of€the€diagrams€reveals€thatÐ Ó+#'+ ÐAnthonyððs€stickers€were€not€placed€in€the€same€location€as€any€of€the€stickers€placed€by€Ernest.€Ð ° ÐMoreover,€the€Stateððs€questions€regarding€the€diagram€were€not€identical,€further€lessening€anyÐ ™é Ðimpact€upon€the€appellant.€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€even€if€there€were€a€violation€of€RuleÐ ‚Ò Ð615,€such€violation€is€harmless.€€òòSeeóó€òòAnthonyóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€605;€òòsee€alsoóóTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).Ð k» ÐÌà@RR ìàB.€€Closing€ArgumentsˆÐ =  ÐÌà  àNext,€the€appellant€complains€that€the€State€made€an€improper€closing€argument€byÐ  _ Ðinterjecting€its€ð ðpersonal€opinion€as€to€the€appellantððs€guilt€as€well€as€vouching€for€the€credibilityÐ ø H Ðof€Stateððs€witnesses.ðð€€The€appellant€concedes€that€he€did€not€object€to€any€of€the€foregoingÐ á 1  Ðstatements€during€the€Stateððs€closing€argument.€€Ordinarily,€absent€such€contemporaneous€objection,Ð Ê   Ðthe€appellant€would€have€waived€this€issue.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a);€òòState€v.€Littleóó,€854€S.W.2dÐ ³  Ð643,€651€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€Ð œì  ÐÌà  àHowever,€the€appellant€contends€that€Ð n¾  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àsince€the€Stateððs€case€rose€or€fell€upon€the€credibility€of€the€StateððsÐ @ Ðwitnesses,€the€[trial€court]€should€have€curtailed€the€prosecutorððsÐ )y Ðimproper€arguments€and€issued€curative€instructions€to€the€jury€suaÐ b Ðsponte.€€The€[trial€courtððs]€failure€to€correct€the€prosecutor€andÐ ûK Ðprovide€the€jury€with€curative€instructions€was€ð ðplain€error.ððÐä4` x` x ÐÌTennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€52(b)€provides€that€this€court€may€address€ð ð[a]n€error€whichÐ ¶ Ðhas€affected€the€substantial€rights€of€an€accused€.€.€.€at€any€time,€even€though€not€raised€in€the€motionÐ Ÿï Ðfor€a€new€trial€.€.€.€where€necessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ðð€€òòSee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€103(d).€€WeÐ ˆØ Ðmay€only€consider€an€issue€as€plain€error€when€all€five€of€the€following€factors€are€met:Ð qÁ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)€the€record€must€clearly€establish€what€occurred€in€the€trial€court;Ð C“ Ð(b)€a€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€must€have€been€breached;€(c)Ð ,| Ða€substantial€right€of€the€accused€must€have€been€adversely€affected;Ð e Ð(d)€the€accused€did€not€waive€the€issue€for€tactical€reasons;€and€(e)Ð þN Ðconsideration€of€the€error€is€ð ðnecessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ððÐç 7` x` x ÐÌòòState€v.€Adkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€626,€641„42€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€(footnotes€omitted);€òòsee€alsoóóÐ ¹" ! ÐòòState€v.€Smithóó,€24€S.W.3d€274,€283€(Tenn.€2000)€(adopting€the€òòAdkissonóó€test€for€determining€plainÐ ¢#ò" Ðerror).€€Furthermore,€the€ð ðððð ð€plain€errorðð€must€be€of€such€a€great€magnitude€that€it€probably€changedÐ ‹$Û# Ðthe€outcome€of€the€trial.ðððð€€òòAdkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€642€(quoting€òòUnited€States€v.€Kerleyóó,€838€F.2dÐ t%Ä $ Ð932,€937€(7òòthóó€Cir.€1988)).€€Upon€our€examination€of€the€record,€we€decline€to€address€this€issue€asÐ ]&­!% Ðplain€error.Ð F'–"& ÐÌà  àIt€is€well„established€that€closing€argument€is€an€important€tool€for€both€parties€during€a€trial;Ð )h$( Ðthus,€counsel€is€generally€given€wide€latitude€during€closing€argument,€and€the€trial€court€is€grantedÐ *Q%) Ðwide€discretion€in€controlling€closing€arguments.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Carruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€516,€577„78Ð ê*:&* Ð(Tenn.€2000)€(appendix).€€ð ðNotwithstanding€such,€arguments€must€be€temperate,€based€upon€theÐ Ó+#'+ Ðevidence€introduced€at€trial,€relevant€to€the€issues€being€tried,€and€not€otherwise€improper€under€theÐ ° Ðfacts€or€law.ðð€€òòState€v.€Goltzóó,€111€S.W.3d€1,€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2003).€€Ð ™é ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€specifically€complains€that€the€State,€during€its€rebuttal€closing€argument,Ð k» Ðstated:Ð T¤ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àPoor€Ricky€Awattððs€been€sitting€in€jail.€€Thatððs€where€RickyÐ & v ÐAwatt€deserves€to€be.€€Thatððs€why€you€need€to€find€him€guilty€andÐ  _ Ðsend€him€to€the€penitentiary€under€first€degree€murder.Ðø H` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à.€.€.€.€ÐÊ  ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àLadies€and€gentlemen,€that€ainððt€how€it€works.€€And€okay,€youÐ œì  Ðgot€two€veteran€detectives€who€are€working€this€case,€and€theyððreÐ …Õ  Ðgonna€get€fooled€by€a€couple€of€snot„nosed€teenagers€[the€MooresÐ n¾  Ðand€the€Williamsons]?€€Detective€Loweryððs€eyes€are€gonna€widenÐ W§  Ðevery€time€some€other€little€morsel€is€dropped€in€his€lap?€€No,€thatððsÐ @ Ðnot€how€investigations€go.€€Thatððs€not€how€interrogations€go.€€You€sitÐ )y Ðsomebody€down,€you€ask€them.€€You€press€them€closely.€€You€get€atÐ b Ðthe€inconsistencies.€€You€see€where€their€going€from.€€You€questionÐ ûK Ðthem€closely,€and€through€close€questioning€and€good€close€detectiveÐ ä4 Ðwork,€how€did€the€finger€come€to€point?€€To€Ricky€Awatt€because€heÐ Í Ðdid€it.€€He€did€it.€€Ð¶` x` x ÐÌThe€appellant€argues€that€ð ð[t]he€prosecutor€was€clearly€vouching€for€the€credibility€of€the€StateððsÐ ˆØ Ðdetectives.€€The€prosecutor€was€also€vouching€for€the€credibility€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses€that€wereÐ qÁ Ðinterviewed€by€the€detectives.ðð€€Ð Zª ÐÌà  àð ðIn€determining€whether€statements€made€in€closing€argument€constitute€reversible€error,€itÐ ,| Ðis€necessary€to€determine€whether€the€statements€were€improper€and,€if€so,€whether€the€improprietyÐ e Ðaffected€the€verdict.ðð€€òòState€v.€Pulliamóó,€950€S.W.2d€360,€367€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€InÐ þN Ðconnection€with€this€issue,€we€must€examine€the€following€factors:Ð ç 7 ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àð ð(1)€the€conduct€complained€of€viewed€in€context€and€in€light€of€theÐ ¹" ! Ðfacts€and€circumstances€of€the€case[;]Т#ò"` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)€the€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€and€theÐ ‹$Û# Ðprosecution[;]Ðt%Ä $` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(3)€the€intent€of€the€prosecutor€in€making€the€statement[;]Ð]&­!%` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(4)€the€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€and€any€other€errorsÐ F'–"& Ðin€the€record€[;€and]Ð/(#'` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(5)€the€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.ððÐ)h$(` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€(quoting€òòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976)).€€Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà  àOur€examination€of€the€alleged€error€is€limited€because€the€record€does€not€include€aÐ ° Ðtranscript€of€the€Stateððs€initial€closing€argument€or€the€appellantððs€closing€argument.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€However,€theÐ ™é Ðbeginning€of€the€Stateððs€rebuttal€argument€indicates€that€the€prosecutorððs€comments€are€in€responseÐ ‚Ò Ðto€contentions€made€by€the€appellant€in€closing€argument.€€Notably,€the€State€elucidated:Ð k» ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àLearned€counsel,€to€make€his€theory€fly,€do€you€know€whatÐ =  Ðheððs€got€to€do€between€the€lines?€€Is€convince€you€that€these€twoÐ & v Ðpeople€and€the€system€is€corrupt.€.€.€.€[That]€[t]heyððre€our€boys.€Ð  _ ÐCorey€and€Coty€are€our€boys,€the€Stateððs€boys,€these€two€fellowsððÐ ø H Ðboys€who€brought€this€prosecution€and€who€investigated€the€case.€€Ðá 1 ` x` x ÐÌAccordingly,€the€Stateððs€rebuttal€closing€argument€appears€to€be€a€response€to€the€appellantððsÐ ³  Ðcontention€that€the€Stateððs€witnesses€were€acting€to€incriminate€the€appellant€in€order€to€prevent€theirÐ œì  Ðown€prosecution.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Timothy€Wayne€Hollandóó,€No.€M2001„03129„CCA„R3„CD,€2002€WLÐ …Õ  Ð31007428,€at€*6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Sept.€4,€2002).€€We€can€discern€no€impropriety€byÐ n¾  Ðthe€State€in€its€closing.€òòÐ W§  ÐÌà@NN"ìàò òIII.€€Conclusionóóó óˆÐ )y ÐÌà  àFinding€no€reversible€error,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð üL ÐÌÌÌà0  àà ° àà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ð(#(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGE