ÿWPC" ówŒïûµÃB³Ñú.²pÙêF:T±Dç9¡-$ˆì€}±žé)üõ¼oÎ×R§ºAan¹ü `åÀ˜Lqfpx‡Hýu ú¼yE/óÚ!]d5Íÿ4A¶÷¯¢Ë¯UõÇ• ¸´)#{/àT*Uè‰<|•u̶¤B,£:ðpì÷CRPÈZ[7Dª|°ðÚv!ÓVZÙŽ±ã/“”Û û=MÝoC5Âã³Ê~BHUäsðçNÚÖ>Ü^‚æ? o¿Wzá!X—™ÉLãíh.Í­'(´b£–Ñ–ý®Âæçš6÷€™ 1Útp¦TQÕ˜ÕÄí¶5ŸÈCãƒÚ„5 wŠ#|1nꇗƒœú?@>|i |‘¸c˜N˜°¬Xæ,K­’þ¹Ô¯Ä?§ e¹1†zB ‰V_Ž;oߟé*¿ÝqpÈX(Ùºe{2Ž mh·ßd%“à¢LÔiênEj̧‚Y%a‰¾àŠÑt;È´µqsoC4–L‡ªÁK½ìûÙNlÂ:Ø‘ß-ìZÇË{`0;b‘ÂÈ6¡Ù©þ™à6‰vƒ&méSÙ ÛÛþPÀ¿îÕµï2–Np»êT‚Y ¥)# >UNI %— 0(U:Åbÿw@4G[UNj 0Ƹ 0D~hÂ|* U:¦ hà U:H |‚ U:þ 8 AQ@)‘U:ºººººººº BôÆ 0D× 0D 0D__ D/££ BÒ D3ï˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- ; <D=D>D?@UDDEeFÓ€Rn~<$3|xR(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(v(2ø$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X§·XXXÔÔ€ôدôXX§·Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ^Ý ƒ uÇ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xsh XXXÔÔ€ô˜‰ô XXshÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€Fifth€Amendment€provides,€in€relevant€part,€that€ð ð[n]o€person€shall€.€.€.€be€compelled€in€anyÐ `  Ðcriminal€case€to€be€a€witness€against€himself.ðð€€U.S.€Const.€amend€V. rÝ ƒ uÇ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xsh XXXÔÔ€ô˜‰ô XXshÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€indicates€that,€in€fact,€€Davenportððs€counsel€did€not€call€Bland€as€a€witness€becauseÐ `  ÐDavenport€told€her€that€Bland€had€stated€that€he€would€not€testify€in€Davenportððs€trial.€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ^Ý ƒ uÇ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xsh XXXÔÔ€ô˜‰ô XXshÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€Fifth€Amendment€provides,€in€relevant€part,€that€ð ð[n]o€person€shall€.€.€.€be€compelled€in€anyÐ `  Ðcriminal€case€to€be€a€witness€against€himself.ðð€€U.S.€Const.€amend€V.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular rÝ ƒ uÇ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xsh XXXÔÔ€ô˜‰ô XXshÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€indicates€that,€in€fact,€€Davenportððs€counsel€did€not€call€Bland€as€a€witness€becauseÐ `  ÐDavenport€told€her€that€Bland€had€stated€that€he€would€not€testify€in€Davenportððs€trial.€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular !"#%Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XXXXÔÔ€¿VXXÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XX¿VÔÐ  ÐÌò òDecember€10,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôpôXXÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular dƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñFññEñ›ñEññFñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€Š’ÀŠXXÔÔ€Šs]ŠŠŠ’ÀÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€fcXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñRññFñßr€(<,(j 8` `€€@Eôf ` ttx$,` ð ÚrßñFññFñ›ñFñ›ñRññRñ›ñRñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐñRñœßt€(>.*jx?Ú` `€€@E3: ` ttx$kr A œ tß›ñRñÌAT€JACKSONÌÌAPRIL€SESSION,€1996ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9506„CR„00176Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àó ó)Ð ` Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àSHELBY€COUNTYÐ Xø  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€ARTHUR€T.€BENNETTó óÐ Xø  Ðò òDARRYL€J.€BAILEY,ó óà h àà À àò ò)à  àJUDGEó óÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ Xø Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  à(Direct€Appeal€„€Murder€CommittedÐ Xø Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àduring€the€Perpetration€of€a€Robbery)Ð Xø Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð 8Ø ÐÌMARVIN€E.€BALLINà h àà À àà  àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ (!È ÐMARK€E.€MESLERà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ  "À Ð200€Jefferson€Avenue,€Suite€1250ÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à h àà À àà  àSARAH€M.€BRANCHÐ $° Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€AvenueÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWILLIAM€L.€GIBBONSÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àTHOMAS€D.€HENDERSONÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à201€Poplar€AvenueÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMemphis,€TN€€38103ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÐ  x6-.¼ ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°J>°ŠŠ3Ôò òòòÔ‡„Ðï„°°J>ÔOPINIONÔ#†°J>°„„Ðï4 #Ôóóó óÔ€Š3а°J>ÔÐ `  ÐÌÌñ>ñÌñ>ñÓ  ÓÓÓñ<ññ;ñÔ‡ Š‚ÎŠŠŠ¢Ôñ;ññ<ññ=ññ;ñÔ‡Xsh XŠŠ¢Ôñ;ññ=ññ>ññ;ñà@®®.®àÌñ;ññ>ññ;ñà ` àOn€September€23,€1994,€a€Shelby€County€jury€convicted€Appellant€DarrylÏJ.€Bailey€of€murder€committed€during€the€perpetration€of€a€robbery€and€sentencedÏhim€to€life€imprisonment.€€Appellant€challenges€his€conviction,€raising€theÏfollowing€issues:Ìñ;ññ?ñÓÓñ?ññ;ñà0 ` à1)€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€his€conviction;€andÐ ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` à2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€ruled€that€a€statement€of€a€co„¼defendant€could€not€be€introduced€into€evidence.ñ;ññ@ñÐ ` T$` T$ Ðñ@ññ;ñÌñ;ññ?ñÓ€Óñ?ññ;ñAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€andÏremand€for€a€new€trialÌÌà@II,®àò òFACTSó óˆÐ $Ä ÐÌà ` àMarcel€Nugent€testified€that€he€spent€the€evening€of€October€9,€1992,€withÏEarnest€Norman€at€the€apartment€of€a€friend.€€Nugent€testified€that€after€he€andÏNorman€decided€to€leave€the€apartment,€Nugent€went€out€into€the€parking€lot€andÏgot€in€Normanððs€car.€€When€Norman€came€out€of€the€apartment€a€few€minutesÏlater,€two€men€out€of€a€group€of€five€said€something€to€Norman€and€tried€to€hitÏhim.€€Nugent€then€saw€Norman€run€away€from€the€men€and€the€men€beganÏshooting€at€Norman.€€At€this€time,€a€Cadillac€pulled€into€the€parking€lot€and€theÏdriver€got€out.€€After€the€group€of€men€went€over€to€the€Cadillac,€Nugent€got€outÏof€the€car€in€order€to€escape,€but€his€path€was€blocked€and€he€got€back€into€theÏcar.€€Nugent€testified€that€some€of€the€men€came€back€to€the€car,€broke€out€theÏwindow,€and€pulled€him€out€of€the€car.€€€Nugent€ran€away,€but€the€men€chasedÏâ âhim€until€he€fell€down.€€The€men€shot€him€three€times€and€took€his€jacket,€hisÐ d7./ Ðwatch,€and€eighty€dollars.€€After€the€men€left,€Nugent€went€back€into€theÏapartment€to€wait€for€an€ambulance.€€Ìâ âÌà ` àEarnest€Norman€testified€that€when€he€left€the€apartment€and€went€to€hisÏcar,€two€men€from€a€group€in€the€parking€lot€approached€him€and€asked€forÏmoney.€€Norman€testified€that€he€believed€the€men€were€trying€to€rob€him.€€AfterÏone€of€the€men€struck€Norman€on€the€back€of€the€head,€Norman€ran€away.€ÏNorman€heard€several€gunshots€as€he€jumped€a€fence€and€ran€to€a€gas€stationÏto€call€police.€€Norman€testified€that€he€heard€more€gunshots€after€he€reached€theÏpay€phone€at€the€gas€station.ÌÌà ` àTerrence€Pollard€testified€that€on€October€9,€1992,€he€was€at€an€apartmentÏat€1885€Winchester€in€Memphis.€€Several€of€his€friends€were€also€at€theÏapartment,€including€Appellant,€Andre€Bland,€Carlos€Sanders,€Charles€Sanders,ÏRobert€Davenport,€and€Steve€Davis.€ò ò€ó óPollard€testified€that€this€group€left€theÐ €$  Ðapartment€at€the€same€time€that€Norman€and€Nugent€were€leaving€the€otherÏapartment.€€Davis€then€hit€Norman€and€Norman€ran€away.€€At€this€point,€PollardÏsaw€a€Cadillac€pull€into€the€parking€lot€and€he€saw€the€driver€get€out€and€beginÏwalking€toward€the€apartments.€€Davis€then€said€something€to€the€driver,€and€theÏdriver€began€walking€back€to€the€Cadillac.€€Bland€and€Appellant€then€shot€at€theÏdriver€and€the€driver€began€limping€as€he€ran€in€back€of€the€building.€€PollardÏtestified€that€he€could€see€that€both€Appellant€and€Bland€had€guns€in€their€hands.€ÏBland€and€Appellant€then€followed€the€driver€around€the€building€and€then€PollardÏheard€more€gunshots.€€When€Appellant€came€back€into€sight,€he€had€a€gunÏð ðcocked€in€his€handsðð€€and€he€had€blood€on€one€hand.€ÌÐ à9€02 Ðà ` àParamedic€Kathleen€Carson€testified€that€she€was€called€to€the€scene€ofÏthe€shooting€at€approximately€12:00€a.m.€on€October€10,€1992.€€When€CarsonÏarrived€at€the€scene,€she€found€Ontrain€Sanders€lying€on€the€ground€underneathÏa€pickup€truck.€€Carson€testified€that€Ontrain€Sanders€had€ð ða€very€large€wound€toÏhis€right€thighðð€and€he€was€ð ðgoing€into€severe€shock.ðð€€Ontrain€Sanders€died€whileÏhe€was€being€transported€to€the€hospital.€ò òÐ °  ÐÌà ` àó óDoctor€Jerry€Francisco€testified€that€an€autopsy€of€Ontrain€SandersÐ    Ðrevealed€that€he€had€sustained€multiple€gunshot€wounds€to€the€right€thigh.€ÏDoctor€Francisco€estimated€that€either€four€or€five€bullets€had€hit€OntrainÏSandersðð€leg€and€that€he€died€as€a€result€of€a€bullet€tearing€the€femoral€artery€ofÏhis€right€thigh.€ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Robert€Moore€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€testified€that€heÏarrived€at€the€crime€scene€at€approximately€12:30€a.m.€on€October€10,€1992.€ÏOfficer€Moore€testified€that€there€was€a€trail€of€splattered€blood€leading€from€theÏrear€parking€lot€in€back€of€1885€Winchester€to€an€area€by€a€Ford€Pickup€behindÏa€building€at€3570€Cazassa.€€Officer€Moore€testified€that€he€found€a€dollar€bill,Ïsome€loose€change,€and€a€check€on€the€ground€near€the€pickup.€€The€money€andÏthe€check€were€covered€with€blood€and€the€check€was€made€out€to€OntrainÏSanders.€€€ÌÌà ` àSergeant€H.€A.€Ray€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€testified€that€heÏinterviewed€Appellant€on€October€11,€1992.€€After€Sergeant€Ray€advisedÏAppellant€of€his€rights,€Appellant€admitted€that€he€was€present€when€the€shootingÏtook€place€on€October€10,€1992.€€Appellant€stated€that€while€he€was€waitingÐ à9€02 Ðoutside€of€the€apartment,€he€heard€Davis€and€Davenport€say€that€they€wereÏplanning€to€rob€Norman€and€Nugent€when€they€came€back€outside.€€AfterÏNorman€and€Nugent€came€outside,€Davis€approached€Norman€and€Norman€ran.€ÏDavis€then€broke€the€car€window€and€pulled€Nugent€out€of€the€car.€€At€this€point,Ïthe€Cadillac€pulled€into€the€parking€lot€and€the€driver€got€out.€€Appellant€statedÏthat€the€driver€of€the€Cadillac€was€shot€by€Bland€as€he€attempted€to€get€back€inÏhis€car.€€After€the€driver€limped€around€the€corner€of€the€building,€Bland€ranÏaround€the€corner€and€shot€the€driver€five€or€six€times.€€Appellant€stated€that€heÏhad€tried€to€stop€Bland€from€following€the€driver.€€Appellant€stated€that€during€thisÏincident,€Bland,€Davis,€and€Carlos€Sanders€were€the€only€ones€with€guns.€ÏAppellant€also€stated€that€Bland€called€him€after€the€incident€and€said€that€he€hadÏkilled€the€victim€and€that€he€was€going€to€talk€to€the€police.€€ÌÌà ` àSergeant€Ray€testified€that€he€took€a€second€statement€from€Appellant€onÏOctober€17,€1992.€€After€he€was€advised€of€his€rights,€Appellant€stated€that€heÏwas€with€Bland€on€October€10,€1992,€when€Bland€shot€Ontrain€Sanders€as€heÏattempted€to€get€back€into€his€Cadillac.€€Appellant€stated€that€when€OntrainÏSanders€limped€off,€Appellant€and€Bland€ran€around€the€corner€and€saw€OntrainÏSanders€trying€to€hide€under€a€truck.€€Appellant€stated€that€at€this€point,€he€shotÏOntrain€Sanders€twice€in€each€leg€with€a€black€nine€millimeter€handgun.ÏImmediately€thereafter,€Bland€shot€Ontrain€Sanders€once€in€the€leg.€€AppellantÏstated€that€he€was€not€trying€to€kill€Ontrain€Sanders€when€he€shot€him.€ÌÌà ` àDarlene€Williams€and€Diane€Arnold€testified€that€they€had€seen€AppellantÏstanding€in€the€parking€lot€of€the€apartment€building€on€October€9,€1992,€and€thatÏhe€was€holding€a€silver€automatic€handgun.€€Williams€also€testified€that€Bland€hadÐ Ð9p02 Ðtried€to€get€Appellant€to€ð ðtake€the€charge€for€him€because€[Appellant]€was€aÏjuvenile€at€the€time.ððÌÌà ` àAppellant€testified€that€the€first€statement€he€gave€to€Sergeant€Ray€was€aÏtrue€statement,€except€that€Davenport€was€the€only€one€who€had€said€that€he€wasÏgoing€to€rob€Norman€and€Nugent€when€they€came€outside.€Appellant€testified€thatÏafter€he€gave€his€first€statement,€he€received€a€call€from€Pollard€in€which€PollardÏtold€him€that€he€would€be€killed€if€he€did€not€ð ðtake€the€[murder]€charge.ðð€€AppellantÏtestified€that€Bland€also€threatened€to€kill€him€if€he€did€not€confess€to€the€murder.€ÏAppellant€testified€that€Pollard€and€Bland€told€him€what€to€say€in€his€secondÏstatement.€€Appellant€testified€that€he€did€not€own€a€gun€or€have€a€gun€with€himÏon€October€9€and€10,€1992.ÌÌà@îî!®àò òSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ "0 ÐÌà ` àAppellant€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€hisÏconviction€for€murder€committed€during€the€perpetration€of€a€robbery.€€WeÏdisagree.€€When€an€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€thisÏCourt€is€obliged€to€review€that€challenge€according€to€certain€well-settledÏprinciples.€€A€verdict€of€guilty€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€theÏtestimony€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€inÏfavor€of€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.Ð  2À(* ÐHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€Although€an€accused€is€originallyÐ 4°*, Ðcloaked€with€a€presumption€of€innocence,€a€jury€verdict€removes€this€presumptionÏand€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.Ð ð7.0 Ð1982).€€Hence,€on€appeal,€the€burden€of€proof€rests€with€Appellant€toÐ à9€02 Ðdemonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€€òòId.óó€€On€appeal,€ð ðtheÐ `  Ð[S]tate€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€allÏreasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.ðð€€òòId.óó€(citingÐ @ à ÐòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978)).€€Where€the€sufficiency€ofÐ 0Ð Ðthe€evidence€is€contested€on€appeal,€the€relevant€question€for€the€reviewing€courtÏis€whether€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€accused€guilty€of€everyÏelement€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€at€75;Ð    ÐòòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560Ð ð  Ð(1979).€€In€conducting€our€evaluation€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€isÏprecluded€from€reweighing€or€reconsidering€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€929Ð Ðp ÐS.W.2d€380,€383€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,Ð À` Ð779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Moreover,€this€Court€may€not€substitute€its€ownÏinferences€ð ðfor€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.ðð€€òòId.óóÐ   @ Ðat€779.€€The€weight€and€credibility€of€the€witnessesðð€testimony€are€mattersÏentrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676Ð €$  ÐS.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,€19€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð p& ÐApp.€1996).ÌÌà ` à€At€the€time€of€this€offense,€first€degree€murder€was€defined€as€€ð ð[a]Ïreckless€killing€of€another€committed€in€the€perpetration€of,€or€attempt€toÏperpetrate€any€.€.€.€robbery,ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(2)€(1992),€andÏrobbery€was€defined€as€ð ðthe€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€from€theÏperson€of€another€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„401(a)€(1992).€€When€viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€theÏevidence€is€sufficient€for€a€reasonable€jury€to€convict€Appellant€of€murderÏcommitted€during€the€perpetration€of€a€robbery.€€First,€Williams€and€Arnold€bothÐ Ð9p02 Ðtestified€that€they€saw€Appellant€with€a€silver€gun€standing€in€the€apartmentÏparking€lot€with€his€friends€on€October€9,€1992.€€Second,€Appellant€told€the€policeÏin€his€first€statement€that€he€knew€that€Davis€and€Davenport€were€planning€to€robÏNorman€and€Nugent€when€they€came€back€outside.€€Although€Appellant€changedÏhis€account€slightly€when€he€testified€at€trial,€he€still€admitted€that€he€knew€thatÏDavenport€was€planning€to€rob€the€two€men.€€Pollard€testified€that€AppellantÏwalked€up€to€Normanððs€car€after€Nugent€got€in€it.€Pollard€also€testified€that€shortlyÏthereafter,€both€Appellant€and€Bland€shot€at€Ontrain€Sanders€when€he€attemptedÏto€get€in€his€car€and€that€they€both€chased€Ontrain€Sanders€when€he€went€in€backÏof€the€building.€€Pollard€testified€that€when€Appellant€came€back€into€sight,€he€hadÏa€gun€ð ðcocked€in€his€handsðð€€and€had€blood€on€one€hand.€€Appellant€laterÏconfessed€that€he€shot€Ontrain€Sanders€four€times.€€Next,€Pollard€testified€thatÏAppellant€pulled€Nugent€out€of€the€car€and€began€fighting€with€him.€€Nugent€wasÏsubsequently€shot€and€robbed€of€his€money,€watch,€and€jacket.€We€hold€that€aÏreasonable€jury€could€conclude€from€this€evidence€that€Appellant€pulled€NugentÏfrom€the€car,€beat€him,€and€then€robbed€him.€€A€reasonable€jury€could€also€haveÏconcluded€that€Appellant€was€the€one€who€shot€and€killed€Ontrain€Sanders.€ÏFurther,€the€jury€could€have€inferred€from€the€fact€that€Ontrain€Sandersðð€bloodÏcovered€check€and€small€change€were€found€next€to€the€pickup€truck€and€thatÏAppellant€had€blood€on€his€hand€when€he€came€back€from€chasing€OntrainÏSanders€that€Appellant€had€searched€and€robbed€Ontrain€Sanders€after€he€shotÏhim.ÌÌà ` àAppellant€basically€contends€that€this€evidence€is€insufficient€because€itÏcontains€some€inconsistencies.€€Specifically,€Appellant€notes€that:€1)€he€statedÏin€his€confession€that€he€shot€Ontrain€Sanders€in€both€legs€while€the€autopsyÐ Ð9p02 Ðrevealed€wounds€to€the€right€leg,€2)€he€claimed€in€his€confession€that€he€used€aÏblack€gun€while€the€witnesses€testified€that€he€had€a€silver€gun,€3)€Appellant€andÏtwo€witnesses€stated€that€he€had€an€automatic€handgun€while€Pollard€said€thatÏAppellant€had€a€gun€ð ðcocked€in€his€hand,ðð€and€4)€Appellant€stated€in€hisÏconfession€that€Davis€pulled€Nugent€out€of€the€car€while€Pollard€testified€thatÏAppellant€had€pulled€Nugent€out.€€However,€the€fact€that€Appellant€aimed€at€aÏparticular€spot€on€the€victimððs€body€while€the€victim€was€shot€only€in€another€partÏof€his€body€does€not€indicate€that€Appellant€did€not€inflict€the€wounds,€the€fact€thatÏthere€was€confusion€over€the€color€or€type€of€gun€does€not€overcome€theÏoverwhelming€evidence€that€Appellant€had€a€gun€on€the€night€of€the€shooting,Ïand€the€fact€that€Pollard€and€Appellant€stated€that€different€people€had€pulledÏNugent€out€of€the€car€does€not€automatically€mean€that€Pollard€was€lying.€€At€anyÏrate,€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€andÏthe€reconciliation€of€conflicts€are€matters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€trier€of€fact.€ÏòòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€Thus,€AppellantððsÐ €$  Ðclaim€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€merely€because€it€contains€someÏcontradictions€has€no€merit.ÌÌò òà@] ] ®àADMISSIBILITY€OF€THE€CO„DEFENDANTððS€STATEMENTó óˆÐ @,à"$ ÐÌà ` àAppellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€when€itÏruled€that€a€statement€previously€given€by€Bland€could€not€be€admitted€intoÏevidence.€€The€statement€that€Appellant€refers€to€contains€the€following€colloquyÏbetween€Bland€and€a€police€investigator:Ìà0 ` àQ:€Andre€are€you€responsible€for€shooting€Ontrain€Sanders€on€SaturdayÏ10„10„92€at€approximately€12:15€a.m.€in€the€Southbrook€Apartments?Ðà9€02` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` àA:€Yes.Ð ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` àQ:€What€did€you€shoot€Ontrain€Sanders€with?Ð ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` àA:€A€silver€chrome€9mm.Ð ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` àQ:€How€many€times€did€you€shoot€Ontrain€Sanders?Ð ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` àA:€About€four€or€five€times€in€the€leg.Ð ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` àà ¸ à.€.€.€.Ð ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` àQ:€Did€anyone€else€do€any€shooting€besides€you?Ð ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` àA:€No,€sir.Ð ` T$` T$ ÐAppellant€claims€that€because€Bland€could€have€asserted€his€Fifth€AmendmentÏprivilege€against€self„incriminationñEñ׃ ×ñEññEñ׃×ñEñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€refused€to€testify€at€Appellantððs€trial,Ð Ðp ÐBland€was€unavailable€and€his€statement€should€have€been€admitted€under€RuleÏ804€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.€€Rule€804(a)€states,€in€relevant€part,Ïthat€ð ððð[u]navailability€of€a€witnessðð€includes€situations€in€which€the€declarant€isÏexempted€by€ruling€of€the€court€on€the€grounds€of€privilege€from€testifyingÏconcerning€the€subject€matter€of€the€declarantððs€statement.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.Ï804(a)(1).€€This€Court€has€stated€that€before€a€witness€who€refuses€to€testifyÏpursuant€to€the€Fifth€Amendment€can€be€declared€unavailable€under€this€rule,Ïñ;ññ;ñð ðthe€witness€must€appear€in€open€court€and€invoke€his€or€her€privilege€againstÏself„incrimination€and€the€trial€court€must€rule€that€the€testimony€of€the€witness€isÏin€fact€privileged.ðð€€òòState€v.€James€Roy€McCoyóó,€No.€01„C„019103„CR„00090,Ð 0.Ð$& Ð1991€WL€242932,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Nov.€21,€1991)€(citationsÏomitted).Ìâ âÐ 4 *, Ðà ` àIn€this€case,€Appellantððs€trial€counsel€did€not€subpoena€or€even€talk€toÏâ âBland€before€trial€to€determine€whether€Bland€would€agree€to€testify.€€Instead,ÏAppellantððs€counsel€sought€to€have€Blandððs€counsel€testify€that€if€Bland€wasÏcalled€as€a€witness,€he€would€advise€Bland€to€assert€his€privilege€against€self„¼incrimination.€€Appellantððs€counsel€also€sought€to€have€Davenportððs€counselÏtestify€that€she€had€called€Bland€as€a€witness€in€Davenportððs€trial€and€he€hadÏrefused€to€testify.ñEñ׃×ñEññEñ׃×ñEñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€trial€court€correctly€ruled€that€this€evidence€wasÐ    Ðinsufficient€and€if€Appellant€wanted€Bland€to€be€declared€unavailable,€Bland€hadÏto€be€present€in€court€to€assert€his€privilege€against€self„incrimination.€ÌÌà ` àAppellantððs€counsel€then€proposed€that€he€be€allowed€to€call€Bland€on€theÏtelephone€and€ask€him€whether€he€would€assert€his€privilege€against€self„¼incrimination€if€he€was€called€to€testify.€€The€trial€court€correctly€explained€at€leastÏthree€times€that€Blandððs€unavailability€could€not€be€established€over€theÏtelephone.€€Appellantððs€counsel€then€proposed€that€Bland€be€allowed€to€assert€hisÏprivilege€during€a€conference€call.€€The€court€explained€once€again€that€this€wouldÏbe€insufficient€to€establish€unavailability.€ÌÌà ` àAt€this€point,€Appellantððs€counsel€asked€the€court€to€issue€an€instanterÏsubpoena€to€have€Bland€transported€from€prison€to€the€courthouse€and€the€trialÏcourt€complied€with€this€request.€€€After€the€subpoena€was€issued,€AppellantððsÏcounsel€contacted€Bland€by€telephone€and€asked€him€whether€he€would€testify.€ÏBland€apparently€indicated€that€he€would€not€testify€under€any€circumstances.ÏAppellantððs€counsel€then€asked€the€court€whether€Blandððs€statement€would€beÐ ð5,. Ðadmitted€after€Bland€asserted€his€privilege€against€self„incrimination€in€court.€€TheÏtrial€court€then€ruled,€without€explanation,€that€it€would€not€admit€the€statementÏunder€Rule€804€even€if€Bland€asserted€his€privilege€in€court.€€Appellantððs€counselÏthen€stated€that€he€did€not€see€any€reason€to€have€Bland€brought€to€court€if€theÏtrial€court€would€not€admit€the€statement€when€Bland€refused€to€testify.€€The€trialÏcourt€then€stated,€ð ðI€donððt€see€any€reason€to€bring€him€down€here.ðð€€AppellantððsÏcounsel€then€withdrew€the€subpoena€and€Bland€was€not€transported€to€theÏcourthouse.€€€ÌÌà ` àThe€trial€court€clearly€erred€when€it€ruled€that€it€would€not€admit€BlandððsÏstatement€even€if€Bland€appeared€in€court€and€asserted€his€privilege€against€self„¼incrimination.€€The€trial€court€had€already€ruled€that€if€called€as€a€witness,€BlandÏcould€validly€invoke€his€Fifth€Amendment€rights€and€refuse€to€testify.€€Thus,€ifÏBland€had€in€fact€asserted€his€privilege€against€self„incrimination€in€court,€heÏwould€clearly€have€been€unavailable€under€Rule€804(a)(1).€€Blandððs€statementÏthat€he€shot€Ontrain€Sanders€and€that€in€fact,€he€was€the€only€one€who€fired€anyÏshots,€was€obviously€a€statement€against€his€interest€because€it€subjected€himÏto€criminal€liability.€€Therefore,€Blandððs€statement€would€have€been€admissible.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€804(b)(3).€€Although€the€general€rule€is€that€a€witness€mustÐ @,à"$ Ðappear€in€court€and€assert€his€or€her€privilege€in€order€to€be€declared€unavailable,ÏAppellant€cannot€be€faulted€for€withdrawing€the€subpoena€to€have€Bland€appearÏin€court€so€that€he€could€assert€his€privilege€against€self„incrimination€when€theÏtrial€court€had€essentially€stated€that€it€would€be€pointless€to€do€so.€€It€appearsÏthat€ultimately,€the€reason€why€Appellant€failed€to€comply€with€the€general€ruleÏwas€because€of€the€trial€courtððs€erroneous€ruling.ÌÐ Ð9p02 Ðà ` àWe€cannot€say€that€the€trial€courtððs€error€in€this€case€was€harmless.€€TheÏonly€evidence€in€this€case€about€who€actually€shot€Ontrain€Sanders€when€he€wasÏhiding€under€the€Ford€pickup€came€from€Appellantððs€testimony€and€his€pre„trialÏstatements€to€the€police.€€Indeed,€it€appears€that€Bland€was€the€only€other€personÏwho€could€have€testified€about€what€really€happened.€€If€Blandððs€statement€hadÏbeen€admitted,€it€would€have€corroborated€Appellantððs€claim€that€Bland€was€theÏone€who€shot€Ontrain€Sanders€and€that€Appellant€had€only€confessed€to€theÏcrime€because€he€had€been€threatened.€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€holdÏthat€the€trial€courtððs€error€more€probably€than€not€affected€the€judgment€ofÏconviction.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€We€therefore€reverse€AppellantððsÐ Ðp Ðconviction€and€remand€this€case€for€a€new€trial.ñ;ññ<ññ;ñÔ#†Xsh XX X6S×#Ôñ;ññ<ññ=ññ;ñÔ#†Š¢Š XXshÞ #Ôñ;ññ=ñÌñDñÌà ` àà ` àà ` àà ` àà ` àÌÌÌÌñDñÓ  ÓñDñà ` àÌÌñDñÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìñ:ñJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEñ:ñ