ÿWPC= Õ.>í¸ èüõž(vþ….\A(NwK©bæ‹VçŸy'\é$r÷¼Œ ?Lª*•ôœÙ ;oá&M8 *ÚT5—Õž¯£ëtqÿlÁ|IE»ŸÛäø$ngGsö¾Íɺ>„Œ¯­7ûû84?cgt÷pmŸé¬›ífME¶ÐÒ½`a‹ ½- wRŒ;sUYF³¬ƒhoê!Iˆ[ª µ¤û±µDÈ;o~¡­¿šO\bps¦'äg"þÍ1¦rÚ‰ÈÜÍrßÚµjiàž´Ýù(Ľö“P_]™u5ùÁÓUù'|å‚Ü@ŠAשUäx–œ}·ԗcÑ i¹áI@»" HmLM#Ãæ(4êºÊßÔÔóDåAø7­£e0¾lys§ŸÞÈ+P®Ê<å6¶±´ï+íY5}pÿö®b–°–C,0߃n|pçŒ nmÜ4à#®— $ÐG±œ^¨ô.ÚJøŸ“§A"Ћ àÒU–>´ ’©@HRGûv^‰f4gKЧU@ååÕ%úúúúúúúúúúú 0 0b222222222222222222222222222222222222 0ë:::: B%% 0¤B D3æ D- 0KFF AS‘Æä 0¤ª 0DN A«’»—š-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular3j1, µalÔ«Å3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 HÝ ƒR€Š$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¶åò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAs€stated€previously,€it€is€not€entirely€clear€whether€the€trial€court€actually€applied€this€factor.€€However,€basedÐ ° Ðupon€our€reading€of€the€transcript,€it€appears€to€us€that€it€did.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ñ ° Ñô\  `‹&Times New Roman(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman  ËÝ ƒR€Š$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¶åò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔOn€appeal,€the€state€requests€that€we€apply€enhancement€factor€six€(the€amount€of€damages€to€propertyÐ ° Ðsustained€by€the€victim€was€particularly€great).€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6).€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€theÐ tÄ Ðtrial€court€did€not€apply€this€factor.€€Although€this€court€has€the€authority€to€consider€an€enhancement€factor€not€foundÐ 8ˆ Ðby€the€trial€court,€we€are€reluctant€to€do€so€in€this€case€based€upon€the€limited€record€before€us€concerning€the€amountÐ üL Ðof€damages€suffered€by€the€victims.€€ 0ÿÿ.Normal- ù-(|G2€Š$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¶åò»»Ô d(|3?t$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?t$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€­»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼­»»»ÔÑ8€[XXdì»»d8ÑÑ  ÑÑ€OYÑà@ttìàÔ‡îL­ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼­»îîL#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓJuly€24,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X[X»¼­ÔÌò òÔ#†¼­»XX[ #ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€òòóóv.€JAMES€ALLEN€BAILEYÔ‡X[X»¼­Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌò òDirect€ó óà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ô_ÔCockeÔ_Ô€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNos.€€8394„8399€€€€€€Ben€W.€Hooper,€II,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2001„02443„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐAugust€28,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€pled€guilty€to€six€counts€of€arson,€Class€C€felonies,€and€one€count€of€setting€fire€toÐ xÈ  Ðpersonal€property,€a€Class€E€felony.€€The€trial€court€ordered€an€effective€sentence€of€fifteen€yearsÐ d´ Ðincarceration€followed€by€five€years€of€probation.€€On€appeal,€the€defendant€argues:€(1)€the€trial€court€Ð P  Ðerred€in€conducting€an€independent€investigation€into€pyromania;€(2)€the€length€of€his€individualÐ <Œ Ðsentences€is€excessive;€(3)€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€consecutive€sentencing;€and€(4)€the€trialÐ (x Ðcourt€improperly€denied€alternative€sentencing.€€We€modify€the€defendantððs€sentences€to€an€effectiveÐ d Ðterm€of€ten€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.Ð P ÐÓÚÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmed€in€Part;Ð Ø( ÐReversed€in€Part;€Sentences€Modifiedó óÐ Ä ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼­»àX[€#ÔÔ‡X[X.¼­ÔJoe€G.€Riley,óó€J.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€joined.€€òòDavid€H.Ð œì ÐWelles,€J.,€óófiled€a€dissenting€opinion.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌEdward€C.€Miller,€District€Public€Defender€(at€hearing);€and€Ô_ÔSusanneÔ_Ô€Bales,€Assistant€District€PublicÐ `° ÐDefendant€(on€appeal),€for€the€appellant,€James€Allen€Bailey.€Ð L œ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Elizabeth€B.€Ô_ÔMarneyÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð $"t! ÐAl€C.€Ô_ÔSchmutzerÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Ronald€C.€Ô_ÔNewcombÔ_Ô,€Assistant€DistrictÐ #`" ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.€€Ð ü#L# ÐÓËÓÌò òÌOPINIONó óÔ#†¼­»XX[ú#ÔÔ‡X[X»¼­ÔÐ À&"& ÐòòóóÔ#†¼­»XX[¢ #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X[X»¼­ÔÌà  àThe€defendant€admitted€setting€a€series€of€fires€near€his€home€in€Ô_ÔParrottsvilleÔ_Ô,€Tennessee.€Ð ˜(è#( ÐHe€burned€uninhabited€mobile€homes,€a€garage,€and€a€truck,€which€property€belonged€to€variousÐ „)Ô$) Ðneighbors€and€family€friends.€€The€defendant€testified€at€sentencing€he€set€the€fires€because€he€wasÐ p*À%* Ðâ âð ðaggravatedðð€with€his€elderly€grandfather.€€He€stated€he€knew€the€buildings€were€unoccupied.€€He€Ð \+¬&+ý ÐÔ_Ôindicated€he€felt€better€ð ðfor€a€little€whileðð€after€setting€a€fire,€but€would€later€regret€his€actions.€€HeÐ ° Ðsaid€that€after€he€set€each€fire,€he€would€leave€the€scene€and€return€after€the€fire€department€arrived.€Ð œì ЀÌâ âà  àAt€sentencing,€two€victims€testified€the€fires€had€made€them€fearful,€and€they€did€not€wishÐ tÄ Ðfor€the€defendant€to€be€released€on€probation.€€Doris€Ball,€the€defendantððs€aunt,€testified€theÐ `° Ðdefendant€received€SSI€payments€due€to€his€mental€limitations.€€Ball€also€stated€the€defendantÐ L œ Ðrequired€repeated€instructions€to€perform€tasks.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factors€seven€(offense€involved€a€victim€and€wasÐ  ` Ðcommitted€to€gratify€the€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement)€and€ten€(the€defendant€hadÐ ü L  Ðno€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high).€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ è 8  Ð40„35„114(7),€(10).€€It€also€found€mitigating€factor€eight€(defendant€was€suffering€from€a€mental€orÐ Ô$  Ðphysical€condition€that€significantly€reduced€his€culpability)€could€also€apply.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ À  Ð40„35„113(8).€€In€regard€to€alternative€sentencing,€the€trial€court€stated€the€following:Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒOne€of€the€factors€to€be€considered€in€probation€is€whether€or€not€he€mightÐ „Ô  Ðreasonably€be€expected€to€be€successfully€rehabilitated,€and€as€I€stated€this€morning,Ð pÀ ÐI€have€done€quite€a€bit€of€research€on€people€that€may€be€classified€as€pyromaniacs.Ð \¬ Ð.€.€.€.€Ð H˜ ÐÌThere€is€virtually€no€cure,€no€treatment,€and€that€is€somewhat€sad€when€you€have€justÐ  p Ðadmitted€that€he€probably€suffers€from€a€mental€condition.€€Some€mental€conditionsÐ  \ Ðcan€be€treated€but€apparently€success€has€been€very€limited€in€this€area.€€Ð øH ÐÒ°âÒÒ°ÔÒÌÌà  àThe€trial€court€also€found€alternative€sentencing€to€be€inappropriate€because€of€the€need€toÐ ¼  Ðprotect€the€public€from€the€defendantððs€possible€future€conduct€and€to€avoid€depreciating€theÐ ¨ø Ðseriousness€of€the€offenses.€€The€trial€court€then€sentenced€the€defendant€to€five€years€for€each€arsonÐ ”ä Ðconviction€and€one€year€for€the€conviction€for€setting€fire€to€personal€property.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àAlthough€it€is€not€entirely€clear,€it€appears€the€trial€court€in€determining€consecutiveÐ X ¨ Ðsentencing€concluded€that,€despite€the€lack€of€psychiatric€proof,€the€defendant€was€a€ð ðdangerousÐ D!” Ðmentally€abnormal€person.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(3).€€It€also€found€the€defendantÐ 0"€  Ðwas€a€dangerous€person€who€had€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life;€the€public€needed€to€be€protected;Ð #l! Ðand€the€defendantððs€record€showed€extensive€criminal€activity.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð $X" Ð115(b)(2),€(4).€€It€ordered€four€of€the€five„year€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively€with€theÐ ô$D # Ðremaining€sentences€to€be€served€concurrently€for€an€effective€20„year€sentence.€€However,€it€orderedÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€defendant€to€spend€the€first€fifteen€years€in€incarceration€with€the€remaining€five€years€onÐ Ì&"% Ðprobation.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€the€trial€court€made€three€errors€in€sentencing€the€defendant:€(1)€it€consideredÐ )à$( Ðâ âits€own€independent€research€on€pyromania;€(2)€it€improperly€applied€an€enhancement€factor;€andÐ |*Ì%) ÐÑOYÑâ âѰ°Ñâ âÑ  Ñ(3)€it€improperly€applied€two€consecutive€sentencing€factors.€€We,€therefore,€review€the€sentencesÐ ° Ðòòde€novoóó€without€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌÌà@F F ìàò òI.€TRIAL€COURTððS€INDEPENDENT€RESEARCHó óˆÐ `° ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€first€argues€the€trial€court€erred€in€conducting€independent€research€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðpyromania.€€We€must€agree.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àA€court€must€restrain€itself€to€consider€only€those€facts€presented€to€it€by€the€parties;€it€mayÐ ü L  Ðnot€make€an€independent€investigation€off€the€record€and€base€its€holding€on€the€resultingÐ è 8  Ðinformation.€€òòState€v.€Hartóó,€911€S.W.2d€371,€376€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòJessie€C.€Minor€v.€StateÐ Ô$  Ðof€Tennesseeóó,€No.€M2001„00545„CCA„R10„PC,€2001€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€932,€at€*34„35Ð À  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Dec.€5,€2001,€at€Nashville).€€In€this€case,€the€trial€court€stated€it€conductedÐ ¬ü  Ðresearch€on€pyromania.€€Based€on€this€research,€the€trial€court€essentially€concluded€the€defendantÐ ˜è  Ðwas€a€pyromaniac€whose€condition€was€untreatable.€€Further,€it€is€apparent€from€the€record€that€theÐ „Ô  Ðtrial€court€relied€heavily€on€its€research€in€sentencing€the€defendant.€€We€also€note€the€trial€courtððsÐ pÀ Ðstatements€regarding€pyromania€did€not€contain€the€kind€of€information€subject€to€judicial€notice.€Ð \¬ ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€201(b).€€€Ð H˜ ÐÌò òÔ‡ X[XXX[Ôó óà  àThe€state€correctly€argues€€this€courtððs€review€of€the€lower€courtððs€sentencing€decision€is€òòdeÐ  p Ðnovoóó€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ  \ ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d);€òòState€v.€Imfeldóó,€70€S.W.3d€698,€704€(Tenn.€2002).€€However,€for€thisÐ øH Ðpresumption€to€apply€to€the€trial€courtððs€actions,€there€must€be€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€recordÐ ä4 Ðthat€the€trial€court€considered€proper€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€Ð Ð  ÐòòState€v.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€543„44€(Tenn.€1999).€€If€the€trial€court€does€not€comply€withÐ ¼  Ðstatutory€sentencing€provisions,€our€review€of€the€sentence€is€òòde€novo€óówith€no€presumption€the€trialÐ ¨ø Ðcourtððs€determinations€are€correct.€€òòState€v.€Winfieldóó,€23€S.W.3d€279,€283€(Tenn.€2000).Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àBecause€of€the€trial€courtððs€independent€investigation€and€consideration€of€informationÐ l¼ Ðoutside€of€the€record,€the€trial€courtððs€sentence€is€not€entitled€to€òòóóa€presumption€of€correctness.€Ð X ¨ ÐÌÌà@Þ Þ ìàò òII.€€THE€LENGTH€OF€THE€DEFENDANTððS€SENTENCESó óˆÐ #l! ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€contends€the€length€of€his€sentences€for€the€offenses€€is€excessive€becauseÐ ô$D # Ðthe€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancement€factors€seven€and€ten.€€òòSee€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð à%0!$ Ð114(7),€(10).€€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àAs€a€Range€I€standard€offender,€the€defendant€faced€three€to€six€years€for€each€arsonÐ ¤(ô#' Ðconviction€and€one€to€two€years€for€the€conviction€for€setting€fire€to€personal€property.€€òòSee€óóTenn.Ð )à$( ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(3),€(5).€€The€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factorsÔ#†X[XX X[Û$#Ô€seven€(offenseÐ |*Ì%) Ðinvolved€a€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€the€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement)Ð h+¸&* Ðand€ten€(the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€wasÐ ° Ðhigh),€and€mitigating€factor€eight€(defendant€was€suffering€from€a€mental€or€physical€condition€thatÐ œì Ðsignificantly€reduced€his€culpability).€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„114(7),€(10);€„113(8).€€ItÐ ˆØ Ðsentenced€the€defendant€to€five€years€for€each€arson€conviction€and€the€minimum€one„year€sentenceÐ tÄ Ðfor€setting€fire€to€personal€property.€Ð `° ÐÌà  àBased€on€our€review€of€the€record,€we€conclude€enhancement€factor€seven€applies.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð 8 ˆ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€At€sentencing,€the€defendantððs€testimony€indicated€he€relieved€hisÐ $ t Ðfrustrations€by€committing€the€offenses€and€would€return€to€the€scene€to€watch€the€fires.€€WeÐ  ` Ðreasonably€infer€from€the€evidence€that€the€defendant€committed€the€offenses€to€gratify€his€desireÐ ü L  Ðfor€pleasure€or€excitement€and€give€this€factor€great€weight.Ð è 8  Ѐ€Ð Ô$  Ðà  àHowever,€enhancement€factor€ten€is€inapplicable€under€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€thisÐ À  Ðcase.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10).€€We€must€look€to€the€specific€facts€and€circumstancesÐ ¬ü  Ðin€an€arson€case€on€a€case„by„case€basis€€in€order€to€determine€whether€this€factor€applies.€€òòState€v.Ð ˜è  ÐLewisóó,€44€S.W.3d€501,€506€(Tenn.€2001).€€The€proof€showed€the€defendant€targeted€unoccupiedÐ „Ô  Ðbuildings.€€Further,€there€was€no€proof€any€of€the€firefighters€who€responded€to€the€fires€wereÐ pÀ Ðrequired€to€enter€the€burning€structures€or€were€otherwise€placed€in€danger,€other€than€that€normallyÐ \¬ Ðassociated€in€extinguishing€a€fire,€as€a€result€of€the€defendantððs€actions.€€This€case€is€distinguishableÐ H˜ Ðfrom€òòLewisóó€where€firefighters€actually€entered€and€searched€a€ð ðfully€involvedðð€flaming€building.€Ð 4„ ÐòòIdóó.€at€506„07.€€Therefore,€we€are€unable€to€conclude€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€aboutÐ  p Ðcommitting€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10).€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àIn€summary,€enhancement€factor€seven€(offense€committed€for€pleasure€or€excitement)Ð ä4 Ðapplies€and€is€entitled€to€great€weight.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€The€trial€courtððsÐ Ð  Ðapplication€of€mitigating€factor€eight€(mental€condition€reducing€culpability)€is€not€challenged.€€òòSeeóóÐ ¼  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(8).€€However,€we€give€it€very€little€weight.€€We€conclude€sentencesÐ ¨ø Ðof€five€years€for€each€arson€and€one€year€for€setting€fire€to€personal€property€are€appropriate.€€WeÐ ”ä Ðrecognize€this€is€the€same€length€of€the€sentences€determined€by€the€trial€court;€however,€we€reachÐ €Ð Ðthe€same€result€in€our€òòde€novoóó€review€without€the€presumption€of€correctness.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð l¼ ЀÔ‡ X[XXX[Ô€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌ€à@¹ ¹ ìàò òIII.€CONSECUTIVE€SENTENCINGˆÐ 0"€  ÐÌà  àó óThe€defendant€maintains€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€consecutive€sentencing.€€We€modifyÐ  $\" Ðthe€consecutive€sentencing€order€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð ø$H # Ðâ âÐ ä%4!$ Ðà  àGenerally,€it€is€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€to€impose€consecutive€sentences€if€itÐ ° Ðâ âfinds€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€at€least€one€of€following€statutory€criteria€apply:€Ð œì ÐÓ SÓò òÔ  Ôó óÔ#†X[XX X[;:#ÔÔ‡X[XXX[ÔÓÓÝ‚&ÿÿÿÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔSÛ+ˆØÔÝ‚&ÿÿÿ=ÝÝ  ÝÓÓ...݃&ÿÿ=o=ÝŒÐÛ+` x` x ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔSm½jÔÓÓ(2)€[t]he€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€isÐ m½ Ðextensive;€ÐY ©` x` x ÐÓÓÝ‚&ÿÿÿÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔSë ;˜ èÔÝ‚&ÿÿÿÏ>ÝÝ  ÝÓÓ(3)€[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€soÐ ë ; Ðdeclared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€as€a€result€of€anÐ × ' Ðinvestigation€prior€to€sentencing€that€the€defendant's€criminal€conductÐ à  Ðhas€been€characterized€by€a€pattern€of€repetitive€or€compulsiveÐ ¯ ÿ Ðbehavior€with€heedless€indifference€to€consequences;€[or]݃&ÿÿÏ>?݌Лë ` x` x ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÓÝ‚&ÿÿÿÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔS-} Ú* ÔÝ‚&ÿÿÿ6AÝÝ  ÝÓÓ(4)€[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicatesÐ -}  Ðlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committingÐ i  Ða€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high;€Ýƒ&ÿÿ6A†AÝŒÐU ` x` x ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÓÝ‚&ÿÿÿÝÝ  Ýà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔS—çD”ÔÝ‚&ÿÿÿíBÝÝ  ÝÓÓ...݃&ÿÿíB=C݌Зç ` x` x ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓÓÔ#†X[XXX[ð<#ÔÔ‡ X[XXX[ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b).€€Ð e ÐÌà  àÔ#†X[XX X[æC#ÔÔ‡ X[XXX[ÔThe€trial€court€found€the€defendant€was€both€a€ð ðdangerous€mentally€abnormal€personðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€Ð “ã Ða€ð ðÔ#†X[XX X[nD#ÔÔ‡X[XXX[Ôdangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitationÐ Ï Ðabout€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€highÔ#†X[XXX[|E#ÔÔ‡ X[XXX[Ô.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð k» Ð115(b)(3),€(4).€€It€also€found€the€defendantððs€record€of€criminal€activity€was€extensive.€€òòId.óó€at€(b)(2).€Ð W§ ÐÔ#†X[XX X[tF#ÔÔ‡ X[XXX[ÔIt€ordered€four€of€defendantððs€five„year€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively.€Ð C“ ÐÌà  àFirst,€the€consecutive€sentencing€statute€mandates€that€before€a€defendant€may€be€found€toÐ Á Ðbe€ð ða€dangerously€mentally€abnormal€person,ðð€a€competent€psychiatrist€must€conclude€that€ð ðÔ#†X[XX X[G#ÔÔ‡X[XXX[ÔtheÐ ­ý Ðdefendant's€criminal€conduct€has€been€characterized€by€a€pattern€of€repetitive€or€compulsive€behaviorÐ ™ é Ðwith€heedless€indifference€to€the€consequences.ððÔ#†X[XXX[I#ÔÔ‡ X[XXX[Ô€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(3).€€€There€wasÐ …!Õ Ðno€such€psychiatric€proof€or€documentation€in€this€case.€€€€€Ð q"Á ÐÌà  àÔ#†X[XX X[J#ÔÔ‡ X[XXX[ÔFurther,€as€we€previously€discussed,€there€is€nothing€in€the€record€to€establish€that€theÐ ï$?  Ðdefendantððs€behavior€exhibited€Ô#†X[XX X[÷J#ÔÔ‡X[XXX[Ôð ðlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€a€lack€of€hesitation€aboutÐ Û%+! Ðcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð Ç&" Ðâ â115(b)(4).€€The€consecutive€sentencing€statute€€requires€such€evidence€before€the€defendant€can€beÐ ³'#  Ðdeclared€a€ð ðdangerous€offender.ðð€€òòId.óóÔ#†X[XXX[ÉK#ÔÔ‡ X[XXX[Ô€€Therefore,€the€ð ðdangerous€offenderðð€criterion€for€consecutiveÐ ° Ðsentences€does€not€apply.€Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àHowever,€we€conclude€the€proof€supports€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€defendant€had€anÐ j Ðextensive€record€of€criminal€activity.€€While€the€defendantððs€prior€criminal€history€is€sparse,€theÐ  V Ðrecord€shows€he€committed€the€instant€seven€felony€offenses€during€separate€incidents€over€a€periodÐ ò B Ðof€eleven€months.€€A€court€is€not€limited€to€considering€a€defendantððs€prior€criminal€history€inÐ Þ . Ðdetermining€whether€he€has€an€extensive€record€of€criminal€activity;€it€may€also€consider€the€offensesÐ Ê  Ðfor€which€he€is€being€sentenced.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Cummingsóó,€868€S.W.2d€661,€667€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ¶  Ð1992);€€òòState€v.€Timothy€Jason€Solomonóó,€E1999„00991„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ¢ ò  ÐLEXIS€63,€at€*4òòóó€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Jan.€27,€2000,€at€Knoxville),€òòperm.€to€app.€denied€óó(Tenn.€2000).€Ð ŽÞ  ÐThe€prior€criminal€record€of€an€offender€may€have€been€good,€but€ð ðthe€crimes€for€which€he€is€beingÐ zÊ  Ðsentenced€may€indicate€criminal€activity€so€extensive€and€continuing€for€such€a€period€of€time€as€toÐ f¶  Ðwarrant€consecutive€sentencing.ðð€€òòGray€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€1976);€òòseeóó€Tenn.€CodeÐ R¢  ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„115€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€(explaining€that€the€consecutive€sentencingÐ >Ž  Ðstatute€essentially€codified€this€òòGrayóó€criterion).€€€€ò òó óòòóóÔ#†X[XX X[“M#ÔÐ *z ЀÔ‡ X[XXX[ÔÐ i¹ Ðà  àWe€find€only€one€of€the€consecutive€sentencing€criteria€applies€under€the€facts€andÐ ¨ø Ðcircumstances€of€this€case.€€Thus,€we€decide€the€issue€of€consecutive€sentencing€òòde€novoóó€without€aÐ ”ä Ðpresumption€of€correctness.€€We€conclude€a€total€effective€sentence€of€ten€years€is€ð ðjustly€deservedÐ €Ð Ðin€relation€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offense[s]ðð€and€ð ð[is]€no€greater€than€that€deserved€for€theÐ l¼ Ðoffense[s]€committed.ðð€òòSee€óóòòState€v.€Imfeldóó,€70€S.W.3d€698,€708€(Tenn.€2002)€(citing€Tenn.€CodeÐ X¨ ÐAnn.€ðððð€40„35„102(1);€„103(2)).€€Thus,€the€first€two€five„year€arson€sentences€shall€run€consecutivelyÐ D” Ðto€each€other;€all€other€sentences€will€run€concurrently€with€each€other€and€the€first€two€arsonÐ 0€ Ðsentences.€€€Ð l ÐÌÌà@¿ ¿ ìàò òIV.€ALTERNATIVE€SENTENCINGó óˆÐ Ù) ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€since€he€is€presumed€to€be€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternativeÐ W"§ Ðsentencing,€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€allowing€him€to€serve€all€of€his€sentences€on€probation.€€WeÐ C#“ Ðdisagree.Ð /$ ÐÌà  àÔ#†X[XX X[‰T#ÔÔ‡X[XXX[ÔA€defendant€is€eligible€for€probation€if€the€sentence€is€eight€years€or€less,€subject€to€someÐ ­&ý!! Ðstatutory€exclusions.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(a).€€A€defendant€with€a€total€effective€sentenceÐ ™'é"" Ðin€excess€of€eight€years€is€eligible€for€probation€if€the€individual€sentences€imposed€for€theÐ …(Õ## Ðconvictions€fall€within€the€probation€eligibility€requirements.€€òòState€v.€Goodeóó,€956€S.W.2d€521,€527Ð q)Á$$ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).Ð ]*­%% ÐÐ œ+ì&& Ðà  àAn€especially€mitigated€or€standard€offender€convicted€of€a€Class€C,€D€or€E€felony€isÐ ° Ðpresumed€to€be€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing€in€the€absence€of€evidence€to€theÐ œì Ðcontrary.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(6).€€A€trial€court€must€presume€that€a€defendant€sentencedÐ ˆØ Ðto€eight€years€or€less€and€for€whom€incarceration€is€not€a€priority€is€subject€to€alternative€sentencing.€Ð tÄ ÐòòState€v.€Byrdóó,€861€S.W.2d€377,€379„80€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€It€is€further€presumed€that€aÐ `° Ðsentence€other€than€incarceration€would€result€in€successful€rehabilitation€unless€rebutted€byÐ L œ Ðsufficient€evidence€in€the€record.€€òòId.óó€at€380.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àIn€determining€whether€to€grant€or€deny€probation,€a€trial€court€should€consider€theÐ ¶  Ðcircumstances€of€the€offense,€the€defendant's€criminal€record,€the€defendantððs€social€history€andÐ ¢ ò  Ðpresent€condition,€the€need€for€deterrence,€and€the€best€interest€of€the€defendant€and€the€public.€€òòStateÐ ŽÞ  Ðv.€Grearóó,€568€S.W.2d€285,€286€(Tenn.€1978);€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€925€S.W.2d€237,€244€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð zÊ  Ð1995).€Ð f¶  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€denied€alternative€sentencing,€in€part,€because€of€the€need€to€avoidÐ ä4 Ðdepreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses€and€to€protect€the€public.€€The€proof€at€trial€establishedÐ Ð  Ðthat€the€defendant€set€fire€to€five€separate€structures€and€a€vehicle€over€a€period€of€eleven€months,Ð ¼  Ðand€that€he€set€fire€to€one€structure€twice.€€The€proof€further€established€the€defendantððs€actionsÐ ¨ø Ðcaused€his€victims€emotional€distress€and€property€loss.€€We€conclude€that€alternative€sentencing€isÐ ”ä Ðinconsistent€with€the€seriousness€of€these€offenses€and€is€not€in€the€best€interest€of€the€public€nor€theÐ €Ð Ðdefendant.Ð l¼ ÐÌÌà@FF%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ )y ÐÌà  àAfter€conducting€a€òòde€novoóó€review€of€the€defendantððs€sentences€with€no€presumption€of€Ð §÷ Ðcorrectness,€we€decline€to€modify€the€length€of€any€of€the€defendantððs€individual€sentences€asÐ “ã Ðdetermined€by€the€trial€court;€however,€we€modify€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court€so€that€theÐ  Ï Ðdefendant€will€serve€his€five„year€sentences€for€case€numbers€8394€and€8395€consecutively€to€eachÐ k!» Ðother,€and€case€numbers€8396,€8397,€8398,€and€8399€will€run€€concurrently€with€each€other€and€withÐ W"§ Ðcase€numbers€8394€and€8395€for€an€effective€sentence€of€ten€years.€€No€term€of€probation€willÐ C#“ Ðfollow.€€€Ð /$ Ðà  àà ` à€€€Ð n%¾  Ðà  àÔ#†X[XXX[ÎY#Ôà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ­&ý!! Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE