ÿWPCf# …JVUN  %î 0ôU:û w@5 4u ‰ ˜ U.  0JÎ 0T 0Kl 0D· 0^û 0hY 0rÁ 0|3 0†¯ 05 1uÅ 0d: BžU>»U*ùB)#DCL AMÇÜZ£ D3ýv~0vÓ® 0@! AOÁ!Æ" 0DÖ" D/# BI#c:\office\wpwin\template\opinion.wpt(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ßZ>$¡¡Ò°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X³—XXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7€Å XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ  Ñ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular FUGDHDIUJUKULUMVNeOÓ€Úƒç"3|xZ%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(û(2®)$¤¤Ý ƒZ>!ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¦XXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€æpXXdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Times% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ½Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌò òOctoberÏ10,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€ ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó PÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€the€written€order€filed€November€8,€1995€denying€the€motion€for€new€trial,€theÏcourt€found€that€the€defendantððs€work€as€a€truck€driver€and€his€employment€history€fellÏunder€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€This€was€not€clearly€identified€as€aÏmitigating€factor€during€the€sentencing€hearing€on€July€29,€1995€although€the€trialÏjudge€mentioned€the€defendantððs€work€as€a€truck€driver€during€the€hearing.€€It€is€settledÏlaw€in€Tennessee€that€when€there€is€a€conflict€between€the€transcript€and€courtÏrecords,€the€transcript€controls.€òòState€v.€Zylaóó,€628€S.W.2d€39€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981);ÏòòHelton€v.€Stateóó,€195€Tenn.€36,€255€S.W.2d€694€(1953),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€346€U.S.€816,€74ÏS.Ct.€28,€98€L.Ed.€343€(1953);€òòPercer€v.€Stateóó,€118€Tenn.€765,€103€S.W.€780€(1907).€Ìà àFurthermore,€the€fact€that€he€had€been€employed€would€not€entitle€him€to€aÏreduction€in€his€sentence.€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882€S.W.2d€410,€423€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.Ïòòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).Ì""""'ÿÿdxdPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€$$Xd#ÑÑ#€$$Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý›œÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓßR€'(&A1-j|` à. `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌMAY€1997€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€03„C„01„9601„CR„00028Ìà àà àAPPELLEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àSullivan€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà à)à àà àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àR.€Jerry€Beck,€JudgeÌMICHAEL€BAILEY,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Second€Degree€Murder)Ìà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)ÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌStacy€L.€Streetà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ630€Elk€Avenueà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌElizabethton,€TN€€37643à àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0497Ì(On€Appeal)à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSandy€R.€CopousÌJ.€D.€Hickmanà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌ803€Liberty€Driveà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌKingsport,€TN€€37663Ì(At€Trial)à àà àà àà àà àH.€Greeley€Wells,€Jr.Ìà àà àà à€€€€€€€à àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€€37617„0526ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNancy€S.€HarrÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€€37617„0526ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDavid€G.€OverbayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€€37617„0526ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€____________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌò òÓ  ÓÔ€ „ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÔ€ XÔÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Michael€Bailey€(defendant),€was€convicted€of€second€degreeÏmurder,€a€Class€A€felony,€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€€The€trial€court€found€that€theÏdefendant€was€a€standard€offender€and€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€consisting€ofÏconfinement€for€twenty€(20)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€In€this€Court,€theÏdefendant€contends€(a)€his€Due€Process€rights€were€violated€because€he€was€unableÏto€assist€his€counsel€as€a€result€of€being€denied€medication,€and€(b)€the€sentenceÏimposed€by€the€trial€court€is€excessive.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€briefsÏsubmitted€by€the€parties,€and€the€law€governing€the€issues€presented€for€review,€it€isÏthe€opinion€of€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.Ìà àThe€defendant€does€not€challenge€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€However,€aÏrecitation€of€the€salient€facts€is€necessary€for€an€understanding€of€the€issues€presentedÏfor€review.Ìà àThe€defendant,€a€truck€driver,€fell€from€a€flatbed€trailer€and€injured€his€spine.€ÍThe€defendant€subsequently€underwent€disc€replacement€surgery€in€1992.€€He€wasÏprescribed€a€variety€of€drugs€following€surgery€including€Prozac,€an€anti„depressant,ÏOrudus,€a€muscle€relaxer€and€pain€reliever,€Zantac,€a€digestive€aid,€Darvocet,€a€painÏreliever,€and€Valium,€an€anti„anxiety€drug.Ìà àOn€June€8,€1994,€the€defendant€visited€his€doctor€and€refilled€his€prescriptions.€ÏHe€subsequently€went€to€visit€his€mother€who€was€ill.€€While€visiting€his€mother,€theÏdefendant€took€each€of€the€aforementioned€drugs.€€When€the€defendant€arrived€homeÏlater€that€afternoon,€he€took€an€additional€dose€of€Darvocet,€Valium,€and€ZantacÏtablets.€€He€also€began€drinking€bourbon€whiskey.Ìà àPrior€to€the€evening€of€June€8th,€it€was€evident€the€defendant€and€his€youngestÏson,€Justin,€the€victim€in€this€case,€did€not€get€along.€€The€victimððs€step„sister€testifiedÏthe€defendant€did€not€like€Justin,€and€the€defendant€had€threatened€to€ð ðblow€hisÏ[Justinððs]€brains€outðð€a€few€days€before€Justin€was€murdered.€€On€other€occasions,€theÏdefendant€had€threatened€Justin,€physically€assaulted€him,€and€destroyed€JustinððsÏstereo.€€Jason,€the€defendantððs€oldest€son,€told€the€jury€his€father€had€threatened€JustinÏin€the€past.€€The€defendant€told€Justin,€ð ðI€brought€you€into€this€world,€I€can€take€you€outÏof€this€world.ððÌà àOn€the€evening€in€question,€the€defendant€recounted€to€his€sons,€Jason€andÏJustin,€an€incident€which€upset€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€and€Justin€encounteredÏthe€defendantððs€father„in„law€in€a€grocery€store.€€The€defendant€and€his€father„in„lawÏargued€over€fifty€dollars€the€defendant€and€his€wife€owed€to€the€father„in„law.€€JustinÏwalked€away€€from€the€argument.€€This€angered€the€defendant€because€he€wantedÏJustin€to€stand€by€his€side€and€protect€him€because€his€physical€condition€would€notÍpermit€him€to€defend€himself.€€The€defendant€expressed€anger€as€he€recounted€theÏincident.€€He€asked€Jason,€his€oldest€son,€if€he€would€have€stood€by€him€during€theÏargument.Ìà àThe€defendant€subsequently€went€to€Jasonððs€room€to€listen€to€music.€€HeÏeventually€displayed€a€pistol,€cocked€it,€and€pointed€it€at€Jason.€€When€Jason€told€theÏdefendant€to€remove€the€pistol€from€his€room,€the€defendant€placed€the€pistol€in€hisÏpocket.€€He€told€Jason€ð ðitððs€not€for€you.ðð€€The€defendant€then€sat€in€a€bean€bag€chair.Ìà àWhen€Justin€entered€Jasonððs€room,€Jason€and€the€defendant€were€listening€toÏmusic.€€The€defendant€subsequently€arose€and€pulled€the€pistol€from€his€pocket.€€HeÏpointed€the€pistol€toward€the€floor.€€He€then€raised€the€pistol€and€pointed€it€at€JustinððsÏgroin.€€A€few€seconds€later€the€defendant€pointed€the€pistol€at€Justinððs€head.€€JustinÏasked€the€defendant,€ð ð[A]re€you€going€to€shoot€me,€Dad?ðð€€Seconds€later€theÏdefendant€shot€the€victim€in€the€eye.€€This€gunshot€wound€resulted€in€the€victimððsÏdeath.€€The€defendant€went€down€a€flight€of€stairs€and€exited€the€residence.€€HeÏwalked€to€a€road€behind€his€residence€and€threw€the€pistol€on€the€ground.Ìà àThe€defendant€testified€he€and€his€sons€had€been€playing€with€the€gun.€€TheyÏwere€ð ðcutting€upðð€and€ð ðacting€stupid.ðð€€He€did€not€remember€a€shot€being€fired.€€He€onlyÏremembered€standing€in€a€road€behind€his€residence€and€hearing€his€wife€scream.€ÏHis€defense€at€trial€was€he€did€not€commit€a€knowing€killing€because€he€was€under€theÏinfluences€of€medication€and€alcohol.€€ÌÌò òÓ  ÓI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€defendant€contends€his€federal€constitutional€Due€Process€rights€wereÏviolated€during€the€trial€because€the€sheriffððs€department€exhibited€ð ðdeliberateÏindifference€by€refusing€to€administer€the€defendantððs€prescription€pain€medication€toÏhimðð€during€the€course€of€the€trial.€€He€argues€this€ð ðdeliberate€indifferenceðð€forced€himÏð ðto€remain€in€constant€pain€and€to€ððsquirmðð€on€the€stand€during€his€[direct]€testimonyÏand€cross„examination.ðð€€In€addition,€his€condition€ð ðseverely€hampered€.€.€.€his€ability€toÏassist€counsel€in€his€own€defense.ððÌà àThe€trial€in€this€case€lasted€nine€days.€€During€the€trial,€the€defendantððs€backÏpain€and€his€medication€were€discussed€several€times€by€defense€counsel€and€theÏtrial€court€at€sidebar€and€jury„out€hearings.€€They€discussed€the€pain€being€suffered€byÏthe€defendant,€the€need€for€medication€to€alleviate€the€pain,€and€a€need€for€recesses€toÏpermit€the€defendant€to€stand€and€move€about€the€courtroom.Ìà àDefense€counsel€did€not€bring€the€special€needs€of€the€defendant€to€theÏattention€of€the€trial€court€prior€to€trial.€€The€defendantððs€physical€condition€was€raisedÏfor€the€first€time€late€in€the€afternoon€of€the€first€day€of€trial.€€Counsel€apologized€forÏfailing€to€bring€the€matter€to€the€attention€of€the€trial€court€earlier.€€He€advised€the€courtÏabout€the€defendantððs€condition€and€related€the€defendantððs€need€to€stand€and€moveÏabout€the€courtroom.€€Thereafter,€the€trial€court€attempted€to€accommodate€theÏdefendant€during€the€balance€of€the€trial.€€The€court€granted€the€defendant€permissionÏto€arise€and€walk€around€the€courtroom€and€advised€counsel€he€would€instruct€the€juryÏas€to€why€the€defendant€was€standing€and€moving€while€the€trial€was€in€progress.€€TheÏcourt€granted€recesses€on€several€occasions€when€defense€counsel€advised€the€courtÏthe€defendant€was€in€pain€and€needed€to€move€about€the€courtroom.€€In€addition,€theÍcourt€told€defense€counsel€he€would€entertain€a€motion€to€permit€the€defendant€toÏreturn€to€the€jail€while€the€trial€was€in€progress€if€it€would€help€to€alleviate€defendantððsÏpain.€€Defense€counsel€advised€the€court€he€wanted€the€defendant€in€the€courtroom,Ïand€the€defendant€wanted€to€remain€in€the€courtroom.Ìà àWhen€defense€counsel€requested€the€defendant€be€given€the€pain€medicationÏprescribed€for€him€late€in€the€afternoon€of€the€second€day€of€trial,€the€trial€court€wasÏapprehensive€of€the€effect€the€medication€might€have€on€the€defendantððs€mentalÏfaculties.€€After€a€lengthy€dialogue,€the€trial€court€asked€the€bailiff€to€call€the€jail€andÏhave€someone€bring€the€medication€to€the€defendant.€€The€court€did€this€on€severalÏoccasions€during€the€course€of€the€trial.Ìà àIt€appears€the€trial€court€had€reservations€regarding€the€defendantððs€statementsÏto€counsel€that€he€was€suffering€severe€pain.€€The€court€made€several€comments€inÏthis€regard.€€€The€court€noted:Ò ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓ€€ÌIððve€watched€the€defendant€throughout€the€trial.€€I€havenððtÏseen€him€grimace,€or€show€any€indication€of€pain,€or€anyÏsuffering.€€He€may€have€a€high€tolerance€of€pain,€but€IÏhavenððt€observed€anything€indicating€that€he€is€in€any€typeÏof€extreme€[pain]€„„„€or€anything€of€that€nature.€ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓThe€court€also€noted,€ð ð[H]e€hasnððt€shown€me€any€indication€of€pain,€I€have€watched€himÏthroughout€the€trial.ðð€€At€another€point€the€court€noted,€ð ðI€have€observed€no€indication€ofÏpain€in€him.€Iððve€been€watching€him.€.€.€.€€[W]eððre€looking€each€other€in€the€eye€about€allÏday.ðð€€Finally,€the€court€said:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ X ÒÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌ[T]he€Court€noticed€that€at€the€beginning€of€this€hearing,€Mr.ÏHickman€[defense€counsel]€couldnððt€find€his€glasses,€andÏthe€defendant€bent€his€„„€appears€to€have€good€mobility€inÏbending€because€he€bent€from€his€seat€at€counsel€table€toÍhis€left€to€hand€Mr.€Hickmanððs€glasses€over.€ÌÌÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ X ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓà àDefense€counsel€was€the€only€person€who€described€the€nature€of€the€pain€theÏdefendant€was€suffering.€€Counsel€advised€the€court€he€was€simply€relaying€what€theÏdefendant€told€him.€€The€defendant€alluded€to€ð ðpainðð€during€his€cross„examination.€ÏThe€assistant€district€attorney€general€asked€the€defendant€if€he€was€suffering€fromÏpain€on€the€night€he€killed€the€victim.€€The€defendant€stated€he€ð ðwas€having€painÏconstantly.ðð€€The€assistant€district€attorney€general€then€asked€the€defendant€if€he€wasÏstill€having€pain.€€The€defendant€responded€by€saying,€ð ðJust€like€I€do€now.ðð€€Otherwise,Ïno€witness€testified€regarding€the€nature€or€severity€of€the€pain.Ìà àThe€defendant€could€have€shed€light€on€the€severity€of€his€pain€by€testifyingÏeither€at€a€jury„out€hearing€or€during€his€testimony.€€He€presented€several€witnessesÏwho€could€have€given€testimony€concerning€what€had€allegedly€occurred€regardingÏthe€medication.€€The€defendant€called€the€person€who€was€responsible€forÏadministering€the€medication€to€the€prisoners€at€the€county€jail.€€He€did€not€questionÏthe€witness€as€to€why€the€sheriffððs€department€had€refused€to€give€him€the€drugsÏprescribed€by€his€doctors.€€The€defendant€also€called€the€orthopedic€surgeon€whoÏperformed€the€surgery,€a€psychologist€who€discussed€the€management€of€pain€with€theÏdefendant,€and€a€psychiatrist€who€managed€the€nature€and€amount€of€the€medicationÏgiven€to€the€defendant.€€No€questions€were€propounded€to€these€witnesses€regardingÏwhat€effect,€if€any,€the€denial€of€medication€would€have€upon€the€defendant.€€Finally,Ïdefense€counsel€gave€the€trial€court€medical€records€to€establish€the€defendantððs€needÏto€move€his€body€to€alleviate€pain.€€Counsel€advised€the€trial€court€he€was€not€going€toÍintroduce€the€records€into€evidence.€€€In€short,€the€record€in€this€case€is€void€of€anyÏevidence€or€indication€that€the€defendant€was€ð ðseverely€hampered€.€.€.€[in]€his€ability€toÏassist€counsel€in€his€own€defense.ððÌà àIt€has€long€been€established€in€this€jurisdiction€that€allegations€contained€inÏpleadings€and€the€statements€made€by€counsel€do€not€constitute€evidence.€€òòHillhavenÏCorp.€v.€State€ex€rel.€Manor€Care,€Inc.óó,€565€S.W.2d€210,€212€(Tenn.€1978);€òòState€v.ÏAucoinóó,€756€S.W.2d€705,€716€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€489€U.S.€1084,Ï109€S.Ct.€1541,€103€L.Ed.2d€845€(1989);€òòTrotter€v.€Stateóó,€508€S.W.2d€808,€809€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1974).€€€As€this€Court€said€in€òòTrotteróó:€ð ðWhile€it€is€trueÏthat€a€lawyer€is€an€officer€of€the€court,€his€statements€of€the€extra„judicial€facts€made€inÏthe€course€of€argument,€when€not€under€oath€as€a€witness€and€not€subject€to€cross„examination€proves€nothing.ðð€€508€S.W.2d€at€809.Ìà àGiven€the€state€of€the€record,€this€Court€cannot€find€the€trial€court€abused€itsÏdiscretion€or€the€defendant€was€denied€a€constitutional€right€as€he€claims.€€He€hadÏevery€opportunity€to€present€evidence€or€ask€questions€of€the€defense€witnessesÏheretofore€mentioned€to€develop€his€theory.€€He€failed€to€do€this.€€Moreover,€the€trialÏcourt€specifically€found€during€the€hearing€on€the€motion€for€a€new€trial€the€defendantÏwas€fully€capable€of€assisting€counsel€with€his€defense.€€As€the€record€reflects,€the€trialÏcourt€observed€the€defendant€during€the€course€of€the€trial.€€The€court€stated€itsÏdeterminations€were€based€upon€its€observation€of€the€interaction€between€counselÏand€the€defendant€and€the€representations€made€by€defense€counsel.€€The€record€alsoÏreflects€the€trial€court€took€steps€to€make€the€pain€medication€available€to€theÏdefendant€when€the€matter€was€brought€to€the€courtððs€attention.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓII.Ìó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€defendant€contends€that€his€sentence€was€excessive.€€He€argues€the€trialÏcourt€erred€first,€in€using€two€enhancing€factors€and€second,€in€weighing€theÏenhancing€factors€against€the€mitigating€factors€to€arrive€at€the€mid„range€sentence€ofÏtwenty€years.€€The€defendant€claims€he€should€have€received€the€minimum€fifteen„yearÏsentence.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓA.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌ€€€à àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€itÏis€the€duty€of€this€Court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumptionÏthat€"the€determinations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct."€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÏby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€to€the€determinations€made€by€the€trialÏcourt€which€are€predicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2dÏ305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€166€(Tenn.ÍCrim.€App.€1993).€€However,€this€Court€is€required€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trialÏcourt's€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€court's€determination€of€theseÏfacts€is€predicated€upon€the€witnesses'€demeanor€and€appearance€when€testifying.Ìà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€(a)€anyÏevidence€received€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,Ï(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÏalternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€orÏenhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)Ïthe€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210;€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),Ïòòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àThe€party€challenging€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€has€the€burdenÏof€establishing€that€the€sentences€are€erroneous.€€Sentencing€Commission€CommentsÏto€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401;€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€€òòButleróó,€900€S.W.2d€atÏ311.€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€has€the€burden€of€illustrating€the€sentences€imposedÏby€the€trial€court€are€erroneous.Ìò òÓ  ÓB.ó óÌÌÓ  Óà àThe€trial€court€found€evidence€supporting€three€enhancing€factors:€€theÏdefendant€had€a€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1);€the€defendant€possessed€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€the€offense,ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(9);€and€the€defendant€abused€a€position€of€private€trust,ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(15).Ìà àThe€defendant€challenges€two€of€the€enhancement€factors€applied€by€the€trialÏcourt.€€The€defendant€concedes€that€the€use€of€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€theÏact€was€a€proper€factor.Ìò òÓ  Ó(1)ÌÌÓ  Óà àó óThe€defendant€contends€enhancement€factor€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1)Ïwas€improperly€used.€€He€argues€the€trial€court€gave€this€factor€too€much€weightÏbecause€his€prior€felony€conviction€for€third€degree€burglary€was€twenty€years€old.Ìà àThe€trial€court€also€noted€a€1988€speeding€offense€which€did€not€merit€muchÏweight;€a€1981€charge€of€public€intoxication€described€as€a€ð ðrather€oldðð€offense€whichÏwas€ð ðnot€shocking,ðð€and€did€not€carry€much€weight;€and€a€1981€charge€of€disorderlyÏconduct€which€again€did€not€carry€much€weight€with€the€court.€€The€third€degreeÏburglary€conviction€was€more€significant,€the€trial€court€said.€€The€court€noted€that€theÏ46„year„old€defendant€also€had€a€juvenile€record€which€included€breaking€into€parkingÏmeters,€breaking€and€entering,€and€auto€theft.Ìà àThe€court€also€cited€the€defendantððs€admitted€alcohol€and€marijuana€abuseÏwhich€increased€after€his€accident€in€1991.€€The€defendant€admitted€to€theÏpresentence€investigation€officer€he€smoked€two€or€three€marijuana€cigarettes€everyÏother€day€after€he€was€unable€to€work.€€He€also€admitted€to€the€officer€that€in€the€1970sÏhe€abused€Valium,€Librium,€alcohol,€speed,€acid,€marijuana,€and€Dilaudid.Ìà àThe€enhancing€factor€refers€to€ð ðcriminal€behaviorðð€in€addition€to€criminal€history.€ÏThere€is€no€òòperóó€òòseóó€rule€in€Tennessee€barring€consideration€of€unadjudicated€conduct.€ÏòòState€v.€Michael€Robinsonóó,€Cocke€County€No.€03„C„01„9510„CC„00303€(Tenn.€Crim.ÍApp.,€Knoxville,€June€24,€1997),€òòapplicationóó€òòtoóó€òòappóó.€òòpendingóó;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Keelóó,Ï882€S.W.2d€410,€419€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€€There€wereÏother€acts€committed€by€the€defendant€which€support€this€factor€that€were€notÏconsidered€by€the€trial€court.€€The€defendant€admitted€during€his€trial€testimony€heÏgave€his€sons€Valium,€a€controlled€substance.€€The€evidence€adduced€during€the€trialÏindicated€the€defendant€stole€the€gun€used€in€the€shooting€of€his€son€and€aÏvideocassette€recorder€from€a€friendððs€house€in€a€neighboring€county.€€This€occurredÏseveral€years€prior€to€the€shooting.Ìà àGiven€the€defendantððs€prior€encounters€with€the€law€and€continued€involvementÏin€illegal€drugs,€the€trial€court€properly€applied€this€factor€to€enhance€the€sentenceÏwithin€the€appropriate€range.€Ì€€à àThe€issue€is€without€merit.Ìò òÓ  Ó(2)ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€defendant€takes€issue€with€the€trial€courtððs€use€of€the€abuse€of€trust€factor.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(15).€€During€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€courtÏnoted€the€17„year„old€victim€was€a€juvenile,€under€the€custody€of€his€parents,€and€livedÏat€home.€While€acknowledging€this€factor€is€most€often€applied€to€crimes€involvingÏyounger€victims,€the€trial€court€said€it€was€applicable€in€this€case.Ìà àThe€defendant€argues€the€factor€was€inappropriate€because€the€factsÏdemonstrated€the€defendant€had€lost€control€over€his€son€who€had€stopped€attendingÏschool,€was€using€illegal€drugs,€and€was€driving€without€a€driverððs€license.€€Moreover,Ïthere€were€no€facts€which€established€the€defendant€held€a€position€of€trust€or€controlÍover€the€victim€other€than€a€biological€connection.Ìà àIn€òòState€v.€Kissingeróó,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€said€the€abuse€of€trustÏfactor:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àrequires€a€finding,€first,€that€defendant€occupied€a€positionÏof€trust,€either€public€or€private.€The€position€of€parent,Ïstep„parent,€babysitter,€teacher,€coach€are€but€a€fewÏobvious€examples.€The€determination€of€the€existence€of€aÏposition€of€trust€does€not€depend€on€the€length€or€formalityÏof€the€relationship,€but€upon€the€nature€of€the€relationship.ÏThus,€the€court€should€look€to€see€whether€the€offenderÏformally€or€informally€stood€in€a€relationship€to€the€victimÏthat€promoted€confidence,€reliability,€or€faith.€If€the€evidenceÏsupports€that€finding,€then€the€court€must€determine€whetherÏthe€position€occupied€was€abused€by€the€commission€of€theÏoffense.€Ordinarily,€only€the€first€question€will€pose€aÏdifficulty€for€the€court.ÌÓÓòòÌState€v.€Kissingeróó,€922€S.W.2d€482,€488€(Tenn.€1996).€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€MarioÏGutierrezóó,€Hardin€County€No.€02„C„01„9502„CC„00043€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€ÏMay€17,€1997),€òòapplicationóó€òòtoóó€òòappóó.€òòpendingóó€(This€Court€said€this€factor€could€be€usedÏbetween€two€adults.€ð ðMembers€of€a€household€are€in€a€special€position€of€trust€withÏrespect€to€one€another.ðð).Ìà àThe€defendant€testified€he€supported€the€family€when€he€was€able€to€work.€€AfterÏhe€suffered€the€disabling€injury,€his€workerððs€compensation€benefits€supported€theÏfamily.€He€told€the€jury€he€had€normal€teenage€conflicts€with€his€son.€€He€stated€heÏplayed€baseball€with€his€son,€and€he€was€listening€to€music€with€both€sons€just€beforeÏthe€shooting.Ìà àThe€most€telling€evidence€in€support€of€this€factor€occurred€when€the€defendantÏinitially€produced€his€gun,€pointed€it€at€the€floor€in€front€of€his€son,€then€raised€it€to€hisÍsonððs€groin€and€then€to€his€sonððs€eye.€Justin€remained€in€place€throughout€and€askedÏhis€father,€ð ð[A]re€you€going€to€shoot€me,€Dad?ðð€His€inaction€and€his€question€indicateÏthat€he€did€not€believe€his€own€father€would€actually€harm€him.€Ìà àAs€the€victimððs€father,€the€defendant€occupied€a€position€of€trust.€€Children,€evenÏteenagers,€trust€their€custodial€parents€to€care€for€and€protect€them.€€The€trial€courtÏproperly€applied€this€factor€to€enhance€the€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range.€€Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ìò òÓ  ÓÌC.Ìó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€trial€court€found€eight€mitigating€factors:€the€defendant€located€and€ledÏauthorities€to€the€gun€thus€providing€some€assistance,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„113(10);€€the€defendant€gave€a€statement€that€could€be€considered€a€declarationÏagainst€interest,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€€40„35„113(10);€and€because€of€unusualÏcircumstances€the€defendant€did€not€have€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(11).Ìà àUnder€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13)€ð ðcatch€allðð€provision,€the€court€foundÏthe€following:€€(a)€the€defendant€expressed€some€remorse,€(b)€the€defendant€had€aÏback€injury,€(c)€alcohol€and€drugs€were€being€ingested€by€the€defendant,€(d)€theÏdefendant€had€psychiatric€and€physical€problems,€and€(e)€the€defendant€has€someÏfamily€in€the€area€that€will€support€his€efforts€at€rehabilitation.× ƒ) ××  ×Ìà à€€Ìò òÓ  Ó(1)ó óÌÓ  Óà àÌà àThe€trial€court€said€he€did€not€give€the€mitigating€factors€much€weight.€€As€for€theÏlack€of€sustained€intent,€the€trial€court€noted€that€the€surviving€son€said€he€was€told€theÏgun€was€not€for€him,€implying€that€it€was€for€his€brother.€Thus,€there€was€someÏevidence€of€sustained€intent.€€Ìà àRegarding€the€effect€of€the€ingestion€of€alcohol€and€drugs,€€the€court€stoppedÏshort€of€saying€that€the€shooting€resulted€from€this€but€found€it€a€mitigating€factor.€TheÏcourt€said€the€substances€may€have€given€the€defendant€ð ðcourageðð€to€shoot.€€ThisÏCourt€notes€the€voluntary€consumption€of€alcohol€is€not€a€mitigating€factor.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(8).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Johnny€Lockhartóó,€Roane€County€No.€03„C„01„9512„CC„00392€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Knoxville,€February€27,€1997),€òòapplicationóó€òòtoóóÏòòappóó.€òòpendingóó;€òòState€v.€Johnny€Robinsonóó,€Madison€County€No.€02„C„01„9505„CC„00126€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€February€26,€1996).€€The€defendantððs€psychiatristÏwho€prescribed€the€medication€said€he€told€his€patient€not€to€consume€alcohol€with€hisÏmedication.Ìà à€With€regard€to€the€defendantððs€psychiatric€and€physical€problems,€the€courtÍrefused€to€find€that€these€problems€were€the€actual€cause€of€the€shooting.€The€courtÏsaid€he€rejected€any€argument€that€there€was€an€effect€on€culpability€because€the€juryÏby€its€verdict€had€rejected€this€theory€at€trial.€Ìà àFinally,€the€court€said€he€only€gave€ð ðsome€weightðð€to€€the€factor€the€defendantððsÏmother€would€support€rehabilitation.ÌÌò òÓ  Ó(2)ó óà àÌÓ  Óà àÌà àWith€the€presence€of€both€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€isÏinstructed€to€begin€at€the€minimum€sentence,€enhance€the€sentence€within€the€rangeÏas€appropriate€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€within€range€as€appropriate€forÏmitigating€factors.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„210(6)(e).€€In€this€case,€the€range€for€aÏClass€A€felony€is€fifteen€to€twenty„five€years.€€The€trial€judge€acknowledged€theÏpurposes€and€principles€of€sentencing.€€He€explained€the€requirement€to€begin€withÏthe€minimum€sentence€and€then€increase€for€enhancement€and€lower€for€mitigation.€ÏAfter€a€thorough€sentencing€hearing€in€which€the€court€discussed€all€these€aspects,€theÏtrial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€a€mid„range€sentence€of€€twenty€(20)€years.€€ThisÏCourt€is€of€the€opinion€the€length€of€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€isÏreasonable.€€Ìà àThe€weight€to€be€given€to€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€rests€within€theÏsound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Reiko€Nolenóó,€Dyer€County€No.€02„C„01„9601„CC„00008€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€August€2,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1997).€€The€trial€court€stated€the€weight€given€the€factors€in€this€case.€€This€Court€is€ofÍthe€opinion€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€when€assessing€the€weight€to€beÏgiven€the€factors.ÌÇà àThe€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________________Ìà àJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________________Ìà àCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌ