ÿWPCF ³heͶÓú³¬·È©­²°šý ë1pÙÐYE«ãÛÃþ„;ÖÙåK–9]i# $ïâ«xkEƒµú92Íœ_µ—Ìü´ü‹†ZÀ’=z‡UwÍæõ•ã«zxA„lƺc[ø ¤¥FÌ:]zè^n8 {O¼\ÍéAeÎaª3jYM_hIt\Þn÷ø|Û+&ë7†Á!Èù?¢8Û0Vm7A)™Á¼ÊáuÄöê2À­Ó]gÙéÞÃLjÑÈOazV\ÌË ¯ ©åñ_|ƒ¤>1Ù!û… Ùp\ƒë“Õ3KãÀäabê¡v¿¸hB·ƒ¼ÃŽ‹Eë]~]oóÑÍ^ïyª9ËÄ’â '+V£o¯´‘Péìshï5²®?äŽ-ÀWý/t)5,ÐÍ„Ïý}=ÂèÂ}I€k%¿%éÇ/‡"n¨·&D±ÚÎäÞ÷ÏÏé±·ƒÊ2"—¸^#$Êã~âHÒ7plÌtyëmo#ˆj©²ŠR#ûêÒ€„ìN´«ÛÄÔJí2 8¾/æÉÇ– ðÙ‘%¬-íðAUá¬ò¼Ïꛆ‚Þ‘ ,±[«°OáuðÊÚÞ™+üRõñ-Ô~ëV¢¹b %\^ b 0ˆnU%NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ U@‘ ÆÑ Æ— Æ] Æ#éNññ 0DóE777777777777777777777777b999999999999999999999999999999999999 0ëAAAA B,, 0¤I D5í D-" 0KOO ASšÆí 0¤³ 0DW A«›»M§S+ (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÖJ~'bk2p¾¢3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 (#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2*n$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€e»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¡-ò»»Ô d(|3?h$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€e»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?h$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€e»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€e»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼e»»»ÔÑ8€M©XXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îeÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼e»îî #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€August€15,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔÌò òÔ#†¼e»XXM©#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€CLARENCE€N.€BAIRD€and€CATHY€M.Ð úJ ÐFISHERÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€2000„A„592€€€€€€Seth€Norman,€JudgeÐ ú J ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„02314„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€October€19,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¹  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<¤` AßÐ ¥õ  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€is€a€state€appeal€from€the€dismissal€of€an€indictment€based€upon€a€violation€of€mandatoryÐ  ð  Ðjoinder€Rule€8(a)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure.€€The€defendants,€Baird€and€Fisher,Ð ŒÜ Ðand€other€individuals€were€first€indicted€on€July€23,€1999,€for€aggravated€gambling€promotionÔ#†¼e»XXM©£#ÔÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔ.€€TheÐ xÈ Ðindictment€alleged€the€illegal€activity€occurred€from€August€1998€through€December€1998.€€OnÐ d´ ÐOctober€18,€1999,€the€defendants€pled€guilty€to€aggravated€gambling€promotion.€€The€defendants€andÐ P  Ðother€individuals€were€again€indicted€for€aggravated€gambling€promotion€on€March€21,€2000.€€ThisÐ <Œ Ðindictment€alleged€the€illegal€activity€occurred€from€January€1999€through€June€1999,€which€wasÐ (x Ðprior€to€the€return€of€the€first€indictment.€€The€trial€court€dismissed€the€second€indictment,€findingÐ d Ðthat€it€violated€Rule€8(a)€requiring€joinder.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€theÐ P Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð ì< ÐÓÉÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€AffirmedÔ#†¼e»XXM©?#Ôó óÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔÐ Ä ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼e»àXM©ø #ÔÔ‡XM©X.¼eÔJoe€G.€Riley,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€Ô#†¼e»XXM©_ #ÔÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔand€òòJamesÐ œì ÐÔ_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,óó€JJ.,€joined.Ô#†¼e»XXM©ù #ÔÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔÐ ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Thomas€E.€Williams,€III,Ô#†¼e»XXM©¾ #ÔÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔ€Assistant€AttorneyÐ `!°  ÐGeneral;Ô#†¼e»XXM©^ #ÔÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔ€Victor€S.€Johnson,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Janice€Bossing,€Assistant€DistrictÐ L"œ! ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€appellant,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼e»XXM©Ð #ÔÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔÐ 8#ˆ" ÐÌEdward€L.€Ô_ÔHilandÔ_Ô€(at€hearing€and€on€appeal)€Ô#†¼e»XXM©¹ #ÔÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔand€Charles€E.€Ô_ÔSizemoreÔ_Ô€(at€hearing),€Nashville,Ð %` $ ÐTennessee,€for€the€appellees,€Clarence€N.€Baird€and€Cathy€M.€Fisher.Ð ü%L!% ÐÓ0 ÓÌò òÌOPINIONó óÔ#†¼e»XXM©]#ÔÔ‡XM©X»¼eÔÐ À($( ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼e»XXM©|#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XM©X»¼eÔà  àThis€case€relates€to€a€prosecution€for€the€offense€of€aggravated€gambling€promotion.€€òòSeeóóÐ ˜*è%* ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„504.€€We€conclude€both€indictments€arose€from€the€same€criminal€episode;€Ð „+Ô&+ Ðâ âboth€alleged€offenses€were€known€to€the€appropriate€prosecuting€officials€at€the€time€of€the€firstÐ p,À',ý ÐÔ_Ôindictment;€and€both€alleged€offenses€were€within€the€jurisdiction€of€the€same€court.€€Thus,€theÐ ° Ðsecond€indictment€violated€the€mandatory€joinder€rule.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€8(a).€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌÌà@Ó Ó ìàò òTESTIMONY€AT€THE€MOTION€TO€DISMISSó óˆÐ `° ÐÌà  àOfficer€Thomas€W.€Rollins,€a€Metro€Police€officer,€testified€he€investigated€a€gamblingÐ 8 ˆ Ðorganization€led€by€George€Foster,€which€ended€in€December€1998.€€Rollins€stated€he€observed€BairdÐ $ t Ðð ðpicking€up€number€ticketsðð€on€numerous€occasions.€€He€further€stated€search€warrants€wereÐ  ` Ðexecuted€on€December€9,€1998,€on€several€locations,€including€defendant€Bairdððs€residence.€€TheÐ ü L  Ðindictment€was€returned€on€July€23,€1999,€charging€the€defendants€and€others€with€aggravatedÐ è 8  Ðgambling€promotion€for€activities€from€August€1998€through€December€1998.€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àOfficer€Steve€Bumpas,€a€Metro€Police€officer€who€had€been€assigned€to€the€DistrictÐ ¬ü  ÐAttorneyððs€Office,€testified€he€was€involved€in€the€initial€investigation€that€led€to€the€first€indictment,Ð ˜è  Ðincluding€the€execution€of€one€of€the€search€warrants€in€December€1998.€€In€February€1999,€BumpasÐ „Ô  Ðobserved€Bairdððs€vehicle€parked€outside€of€a€ð ðwell€known€numbers€house.ðð€€Accordingly,€BumpasÐ pÀ Ðbegan€another€investigation€which€lasted€approximately€five€months.€€Bumpas€obtained€a€searchÐ \¬ Ðwarrant€and€searched€Bairdððs€residence€on€June€16,€1999,€over€a€month€prior€to€the€return€of€the€firstÐ H˜ Ðindictment.€€From€the€evidence€Bumpas€acquired€at€the€search,€a€grand€jury€indictment€was€returnedÐ 4„ Ðon€March€21,€2000,€alleging€illegal€activities€from€January€1999€through€June€1999.€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àWhen€Bumpas€executed€the€search€warrant,€Baird€informed€him€that€he€was€merely€anÐ øH Ðemployee€of€the€gambling€organization€run€by€George€Foster€prior€to€December€1998.€€However,Ð ä4 ÐBaird€stated€that€subsequent€to€the€execution€of€the€December€1998€search€warrants,€he€ð ðused€Mr.Ð Ð  ÐFosterððs€name,€but€in€actuality€it€was€his€business.ðð€€Bumpas€stated€that€Baird€told€him€he€informedÐ ¼  Ðcustomers€he€was€accepting€wagers€ð ðon€behalf€of€Mr.€Fosterððs€organization,€telling€them€that€Mr.Ð ¨ø ÐFoster€was€getting€back€into€the€business€and€wanted€to€take€and€bankroll€their€business.ðð€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àBumpas€conceded€the€field€investigation€was€completed€on€June€16,€1999,€and€he€could€notÐ l¼ Ðexplain€why€the€defendants€were€not€indicted€until€March€2000,€which€was€five€months€afterÐ X ¨ Ðdefendantsðð€guilty€plea€to€the€first€indictment.€€Bumpas,€at€the€time€he€initiated€the€February€1999Ð D!” Ðinvestigation,€ð ðknew€that€[Baird]€had€been€participating€in€a€gambling€organization€exactly€like€theÐ 0"€  Ðone€that€[he]€investigated€from€February€to€June;€that€search€warrants€had€been€executed;€and€thatÐ #l! Ð[Baird]€was€probably€going€to€be€indicted€on€those€charges.ðð€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àIt€was€further€established€that€on€August€24,€1999,€two€months€prior€to€defendantsðð€guiltyÐ à%0!$ Ðplea€to€the€first€indictment,€Bumpas€verified€a€Complaint€for€Forfeiture€in€the€United€States€DistrictÐ Ì&"% ÐCourt€in€Nashville,€Tennessee.€€The€complaint€referred€to€the€gambling€investigation€of€Baird,€FisherÐ ¸'#& Ðand€others€from€February€1999€to€June€1999.€€It€further€alleged€Baird€had€participated€in€ð ðillegalÐ ¤(ô#' Ðnumbers€operations€since€1993,ðð€and€he€formed€his€own€operation€in€December€1998.€€Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àNeither€Rollins€nor€Bumpas€testified€as€to€any€specifics€relating€to€the€investigation€ofÐ ° Ðâ âdefendant€Fisher.€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€found€the€charges€set€forth€in€the€two€indictments€were€identical,€except€forÐ tÄ Ðthe€dates€alleged.€€The€trial€court€further€found€the€events€alleged€in€the€second€indictment€occurredÐ `° Ðprior€to€the€return€of€the€first€indictment€and€were€known€to€the€state.€€The€trial€court€concluded€theÐ L œ Ðsecond€indictment€was€in€violation€of€Rule€8(a)€and€should€be€dismissed.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÌà@ffìàò òTENN.€R.€CRIM.€P.€8(A)€MANDATORY€JOINDER€OF€OFFENSESó óˆÐ ü L  ÐÌò òA.€€Summary€of€Eventsó óÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àTo€place€this€issue€in€proper€perspective,€we€provide€the€following€summary€of€relevantÐ ¬ü  Ðevents€as€established€by€the€evidence€at€the€hearing:€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà0  àà ° àAugust€1998€„€à0¸ (#(#àBaird€is€being€investigated€for€his€participation€in€a€gambling€organizationÐ pÀ Ðallegedly€led€by€George€Foster.€€Ð\¬¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌDecember€9,€1998€„à0 ¸ àThis€investigation€leads€to€the€execution€of€search€warrants€which€includedÐ 4„ Ða€search€of€Bairdððs€residence.€€Officer€Bumpas€was€aware€of€thisÐ  p Ðinvestigation€and€participated€in€the€execution€of€one€of€the€search€warrants.€Ð  \ ÐÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐFebruary€1999€„à0 ¸ àOfficer€Bumpas€begins€a€second€investigation,€having€observed€BairdððsÐ ä4 Ðvehicle€at€a€ð ðwell€known€numbers€house.ðð€€ÐÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌJune€16,€1999€„€à0 ¸ àOfficer€Bumpas€searches€Bairdððs€residence€pursuant€to€a€search€warrant.€€Ð¨ø¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌJuly€23,€1999€„à0 ¸ àThe€first€indictment€is€returned€alleging€Baird,€Fisher€and€others€ð ðparticipatedÐ €Ð Ðin€a€gambling€enterpriseðð€(aggravated€gambling€promotion)€from€AugustÐ l¼ Ð1998€through€December€1998.€€ÐX ¨¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌAugust€24,€1999€„à0 ¸ àOfficer€Bumpas€executes€a€verified€complaint€referring€to€an€investigation€ofÐ 0"€  ÐBaird,€Fisher€and€others€from€February€1999€to€June€1999.€€He€further€allegesÐ #l! ÐBaird€participated€in€illegal€numbers€operations€since€1993€and€formed€hisÐ $X" Ðown€operation€in€December€1998.€€Ðô$D #¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌOctober€18,€1999€„à0 ¸ àBaird€and€Fisher€plead€guilty€to€aggravated€gambling€promotion€as€allegedÐ Ì&"% Ðin€the€first€indictment.€€Ð¸'#&¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà0  àà ° àMarch€21,€2000€„€à0¸ (#(#àThe€second€indictment€is€returned€alleging€Baird,€Fisher€and€othersÐ )à$( Ðð ðparticipated€in€a€gambling€enterpriseðð€(aggravated€gambling€promotion)Ð |*Ì%) Ðfrom€January€1999€through€June€1999.€€Ðh+¸&*¸ (#¸ (# Їò òB.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ ° ÐÌÔ‡ XM©XXXM©Ôà  àThe€findings€of€fact€made€by€the€trial€court€at€the€hearing€are€binding€upon€this€court€unlessÐ ˆØ Ðthe€evidence€contained€in€the€record€preponderates€against€them.€€òòState€v.€Englandóó,€19€S.W.3d€762,Ð tÄ Ð766€(Tenn.€2000).€€The€trial€court,€as€the€trier€of€fact,€is€able€to€assess€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,Ð `° Ðdetermine€the€weight€and€value€to€be€afforded€the€evidence€and€resolve€any€conflicts€in€the€evidence.€Ð L œ ÐòòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.€1996).€€However,€this€court€is€not€bound€by€the€trialÐ 8 ˆ Ðcourtððs€conclusions€of€law.€€òòState€v.€Simpsonóó,€968€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€1998).€€The€applicationÐ $ t Ðof€the€law€to€the€facts€found€by€the€trial€court€are€questions€of€law€that€this€court€reviews€òòde€novoóó.€Ð  ` ÐòòState€v.€Danielóó,€12€S.W.3d€420,€423€(Tenn.€2000).€Ð ü L  ÐÔ#†XM©XX XM©F-#ÔÌò òC.€€Rule€8(a)ó óÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àTwo€or€more€offenses€must€be€joined€or€consolidated€if€(1)€the€offenses€arise€from€the€sameÐ ¬ü  Ðconduct€or€criminal€episode;€(2)€the€conduct€is€known€to€the€appropriate€prosecuting€official€at€theÐ ˜è  Ðtime€of€the€return€of€the€indictment;€and€(3)€the€offenses€fall€within€the€jurisdiction€of€a€single€court.€Ð „Ô  ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€8(a).€€We€conclude€the€instant€case€satisfies€the€Rule€8(a)€criteria.€€Ð pÀ Ðò òÌà@~ ~ ìà1.€€Same€Conduct€or€Criminal€Episodeó óˆÐ H˜ ÐÌà  àBoth€indictments€alleged€the€defendants€committed€aggravated€gambling€promotion€inÐ  p Ðviolation€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„504€and€were€identically€worded,€except€as€to€those€namedÐ  \ Ðand€the€dates€of€commission€of€the€offense.€€€The€first€indictment€alleged€the€conduct€occurred€fromÐ øH ÐAugust€1998€through€December€1998,€and€the€second€indictment€alleged€the€conduct€occurred€fromÐ ä4 ÐJanuary€1999€through€June€1999.€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€state€contends€the€two€indictments€represent€separate€criminal€enterprises.€€Specifically,Ð ¨ø Ðit€alleges€the€first€indictment€relates€to€the€enterprise€run€by€George€Foster,€and€the€secondÐ ”ä Ðindictment€relates€to€the€enterprise€taken€over€and€run€by€Baird.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€term€ð ðsame€conductðð€refers€to€ð ða€single€action€which€may€be€divisible€into€distinctÐ X ¨ Ðoffenses.ðð€€òòState€v.€Dunningóó,€762€S.W.2d€142,€143„44€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€We€agree€with€theÐ D!” Ðstate€that€the€alleged€conduct€of€the€defendants€was€not€a€ð ðsingle€actionðð€and,€thus,€was€not€theÐ 0"€  Ðð ðsame€conductðð€under€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€8(a).€€Ð #l! ÐÌà  àHowever,€whether€the€alleged€conduct€relates€to€one€ð ðcriminal€episodeðð€presents€a€moreÐ ô$D # Ðdifficult€question.€€A€ð ðcriminal€episode€relates€to€several€distinct€offenses€which€arise€out€of€separateÐ à%0!$ Ðactions€or€conduct€but€which€occur€in€a€closely€connected€series€of€events€in€place€and€time.ðð€€D.Ð Ì&"% ÐRaybin,€ò òTennessee€Criminal€Practice€and€Procedureó ó€ðð€17.23,€p.€490€(1984).€€We€have€found€noÐ ¸'#& ÐTennessee€cases€defining€the€words€ð ðcriminal€episode.ðð€€However,€the€American€Bar€AssociationÐ ¨(ø#' ÐStandards€for€Criminal€Justice€ðð€13„1.2€Commentary€(1986),€states€the€following:Ð ”)ä$( Ðâ âÐ €*Ð%) Ðà8  àà ` àSingle€criminal€episode€offenses€normally€are€generated€by€separate€physicalÐ ° Ðâ âactions.€€The€actions€may€be€committed€by€separate€defendants.€€In€other€respects,Ð œì Ðhowever,€they€are€similar€to€same€conduct€offenses:€they€occur€simultaneously€or€inÐ ˆØ Ðclose€sequence,€and€they€occur€in€the€same€place€or€in€closely€situated€places.€€AÐ tÄ Ðcritical€characteristic€of€single€episode€offenses,€particularly€in€cases€involvingÐ `° Ðotherwise€unrelated€offenses€or€offenders,€is€the€fact€that€proof€of€one€offenseÐ L œ Ðnecessarily€involves€proof€of€the€others.€€Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  ÐÌ(Footnotes€omitted).€€Criminal€episode€has€also€been€defined€as€ð ðan€occurrence€or€connected€seriesÐ  ` Ðof€occurrences€and€developments€which€may€be€viewed€as€distinctive€and€apart€although€part€of€aÐ ü L  Ðlarger€or€more€comprehensive€series.ðð€€òòCommonwealth€v.€Campanaóó,€304€A.2d€432,€439€(Pa.€1973)Ð è 8  Ð(quoting€ABA€Standards€Relating€to€Joinder€and€Severance€ðð€1.3(a)€Commentary).€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àThe€policy€behind€Rule€8(a)€is€to€avoid€piecemeal€litigation€and€to€disallow€the€ð ðsaving€backððÐ ¬ü  Ðof€charges€arising€from€the€same€conduct€or€same€criminal€episode.€€òòKing€v.€Stateóó,€717€S.W.2d€306,Ð ˜è  Ð308€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1986);€òòsee€alsoóó€ò òó óRaybin,€ðð€17.23€at€490.€€We€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€theÐ „Ô  Ðcircumstances€of€this€case€fall€within€that€which€was€intended€to€be€prohibited€by€Rule€8(a).€€€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€state€argues€that€Baird€had€lesser€involvement€in€the€gambling€enterprise€during€theÐ H˜ Ðperiod€alleged€in€the€first€indictment€as€opposed€to€the€period€alleged€in€the€second€indictment.€€€TheÐ 4„ Ðstateððs€proof€indicated€Bairdððs€continuing€involvement€with€little€or€no€interruption€in€time.€€The€firstÐ  p Ðindictment€alleged€illegal€activities€from€August€1998€through€December€1998,€and€the€secondÐ  \ Ðindictment€alleged€illegal€activities€from€January€1999€through€June€1999.€€Bairdððs€alleged€greaterÐ øH Ðinvolvement€in€the€enterprise€during€the€second€period€of€time€as€compared€to€the€first€period€of€timeÐ ä4 Ðdid€not€terminate€the€ð ðcriminal€episode,ðð€even€if€separate€convictions€were€possible.€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àWe€reach€the€same€conclusion€as€to€Fisher.€€The€proof€indicates€Officer€Bumpas€was€awareÐ ¨ø Ðof€Fisherððs€alleged€illegal€activities€between€January€1999€and€June€1999€at€the€time€of€the€firstÐ ”ä Ðindictment€on€July€23,€1999.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€conclude€the€second€indictment€alleges€€illegal€activities€that€arose€from€theÐ X ¨ Ðsame€criminal€episode€that€was€the€subject€of€the€first€indictment.Ð D!” Ðò òÌà@8 8 ìà2.€Known€To€Prosecuting€Official/Jurisdictionó óˆÐ #l! ÐÌà  àRule€8(a)€also€requires€that€the€appropriate€prosecuting€official€know€of€the€offenses€at€theÐ ô$D # Ðtime€of€the€indictment.€€The€state€has€not€advanced€any€argument€indicating€it€was€unaware€of€theÐ à%0!$ ÐJanuary€1999€through€June€1999€activities€at€the€time€the€first€indictment€was€returned€on€July€23,Ð Ì&"% Ð1999.€€In€fact,€the€proof€indicates€that€one€agency€and€the€same€officer€were€involved€in€theÐ ¸'#& Ðinvestigations€covering€both€August€1998€through€December€1998€and€January€1999€through€JuneÐ ¤(ô#' Ð1999.€€The€state€has€advanced€no€reason€why€it€waited€until€March€2000,€eight€months€after€the€firstÐ )à$( Ðâ âindictment€and€five€months€after€the€defendantsðð€guilty€plea,€to€secure€the€second€indictment,€whichÐ |*Ì%) Ðalleged€commission€of€the€same€offense€during€a€time€period€prior€to€the€return€of€the€firstÐ ° Ðindictment.€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àLikewise,€the€state€does€not€argue€that€the€same€court€did€not€have€jurisdiction€of€all€allegedÐ tÄ Ðoffenses.€€Both€indictments€alleged€the€offenses€were€committed€in€Davidson€County;€thus,€the€sameÐ `° Ðcourt€had€jurisdiction€with€regard€to€both€indictments.€€€Ð L œ ÐÌò òà@"ìà3.€€Consolidationó óˆÐ $ t ÐÌà  àTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€8(a)€requires€that€certain€offenses€either€be€ð ðjoined.€.€.€òòoróó€consolidatedÐ ü L  Ðpursuant€to€Rule€13.ðð€€(Emphasis€added).€€The€purpose€of€Rule€8(a)€is€to€prevent€multiple€trials€onÐ è 8  Ðcharges€arising€from€the€same€conduct€or€same€criminal€episode.€€òòKingóó,€717€S.W.2d€at€308.€€Thus,Ð Ô$  Ðthe€rule€does€not€necessarily€prohibit€a€subsequent€indictment,€provided€it€is€consolidated€with€theÐ À  Ðprior€indictment€before€trial€or€disposition.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Carruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€516,€573€(Tenn.Ð ¬ü  Ð2000)€(Appendix);€òòKingóó,€717€S.W.2d€at€308.€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àUnfortunately,€it€was€impossible€to€consolidate€the€second€indictment€with€the€firstÐ pÀ Ðindictment€since€the€defendants€had€already€pled€guilty€to€the€first€indictment€before€the€secondÐ \¬ Ðindictment€was€returned.€€This€is€the€evil€Rule€8(a)€seeks€to€prevent.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌÌà@FF%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ  \ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€properly€dismissed€the€second€indictment€as€being€in€violation€of€theÐ ä4 Ðmandatory€joinder€rule.€€Although€defendants€also€claim€a€double€jeopardy€violation,€we€need€notÐ Ð  Ðdetermine€whether€separate€convictions€could€be€obtained€under€the€indictments.€€òòóóBased€upon€ourÐ ¼  Ðreview€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð l¼ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE