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ÔÔ€(ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€))Xd#ÑÑ#€))Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€+Ô›Ñ7€  ý XXdæXXdÈ7ќـ€ÙßR€/0.A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€à8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€NOVEMBER€1997€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àÌ€à àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,€à àà à)à àNo.€01C01„9612„CR„00530Ìà à€€€€€à àà à€€à à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à à€Davidson€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)à à€Honorable€Ann€Lacy€Johns,€Judge€Ìà àà àà àà à)ÌTHOMAS€R.€BALDWIN,€à à€€€à à)à à€(Attempted€Second€Degree€Murder,Ìà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€à à€€Aggravated€Assault,€Reckless€Ìà àAppellant.à àà à)à à€€Endangerment,€and€Unlawful€PossessionÌà àà àà àà à)à à€€of€a€Weapon)ÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌKarl€Dean€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÌ€€€€€andà àà àà àà àà àà àandà àà àà àà àÌJ.€Michael€Engleà àà àà àà àEllen€H.€PollackÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€€€€€€ÏStahlman€Bldg.,€Suite€1202à àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€Northà àà àÌNashville,€TN€37201„5066à àà àà à2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌ(AT€TRIAL)à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ì€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àVictor€S.€Johnson,€IIIÌKarl€Dean€€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àandÌ€€€€€andà àà àà àà àà àSharon€BroxÌJeffrey€A.€DeVasherà àà àà àWashington€SquareÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà à222€2nd€Avenue€NorthÌStahlman€Bldg.,€Suite€1202à àà àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌNashville,€TN€37201„5066ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMED€IN€PART;€€RECKLESS€ENDANGERMENT€CONVICTION€REVERSED€ÌAND€CHARGE€DISMISSED;€AGGRAVATED€ASSAULT€SENTENCE€MODIFIEDÌÌÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Thomas€R.€Baldwin,€appeals€as€of€right€from€hisÏconvictions€by€a€jury€in€the€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court€for€attempted€secondÏdegree€murder,€a€Class€B€felony,€aggravated€assault€with€a€deadly€weapon,€a€Class€CÏfelony,€reckless€endangerment,€a€Class€E€felony,€and€unlawful€possession€of€aÏweapon,€a€Class€A€misdemeanor.€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offenderÏto€twelve€years€for€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€conviction,€four€years€and€sixÏmonths€for€the€aggravated€assault€conviction,€one€year€and€six€months€for€the€recklessÏendangerment€conviction,€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€the€unlawfulÍpossession€of€a€weapon€conviction.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€The€trial€court€ordered€that€the€defendant€serveÏhis€felony€sentences€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€of€Correction€and€that€theÏattempted€second€degree€murder€and€aggravated€assault€sentences€be€servedÏconsecutively.€€The€defendant€presents€the€following€issues€for€our€review:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 à(1)€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€recklessÏendangerment€conviction;ÌÌà8 à(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€recklessÏendangerment€conviction€separate€from€the€attemptedÏsecond€degree€murder€and€aggravated€assault€convictions;ÌÌà8 à(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€excessiveÏsentences€for€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€andÏaggravated€assault€convictions€and€by€ordering€partialÏconsecutive€sentences.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓWe€affirm€the€convictions€for€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€aggravatedÏassault.€€We€reverse€the€conviction€for€felony€reckless€endangerment€and€dismiss€theÏcharge.€€We€modify€the€defendantððs€sentence€for€aggravated€assault€to€three€years.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€was€charged€with€attempted€first€degree€murder€ofÏDeborah€Martin,€aggravated€assault€of€Eddie€Clark,€felony€reckless€endangerment,Ïand€unlawful€possession€of€a€weapon.€€At€trial,€Deborah€Martin€testified€that€she€wasÏworking€as€a€bartender€at€Eddieððs€Restaurant€in€Nashville€on€September€24,€1994.€€€ÏMartin€said€that€the€defendant€came€into€the€restaurant€that€night€and€began€talking€toÍher.€€Martin€stated€that€she€had€never€seen€the€defendant€before€that€night.€€She€saidÏthat€she€eventually€noticed€that€the€defendant€was€holding€a€gun€and€had€placed€theÏgun€on€the€bar.€€She€told€him€to€put€it€up€because€it€scared€her.€€Martin€testified€that€theÏdefendant€put€the€gun€into€his€pocket.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€told€her€that€sheÏwas€ð ðgoing€to€go€with€him,ðð€and€she€said,€ð ðno.ðð€€She€testified€that€the€defendant€thenÏshot€her€in€the€arm€and€asked€her,€ð ðDid€I€hit€you?ðð€€She€said€that€she€called€911,€butÏthe€defendant€left€before€the€ambulance€arrived.€€Martin€stated€that€the€only€otherÏperson€in€the€bar€when€the€shooting€took€place€was€Eddie€Clark,€a€customer.€€SheÏstated€that€as€a€result€of€the€shooting,€she€had€to€stay€in€the€hospital€nine€days€and€sheÏcontracted€pneumonia.€€She€said€that€the€bullet€bounced€off€a€bone€in€her€arm,Ïlodging€in€her€trachea.€€Martin€testified€that€she€had€seven€operations,€from€which€sheÏhad€to€have€her€teeth€pulled.€€Ìà àÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Martin€stated€that€the€defendant€told€her€his€nameÏwas€Jim.€€She€also€admitted€that€she€did€not€see€the€defendant€pull€the€triggerÏbecause€she€was€not€directly€facing€him€when€she€was€shot.ÌÌà àEddie€Clark€testified€that€he€arrived€at€Eddieððs€Restaurant€approximatelyÏthree€hours€before€the€shooting€occurred.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€had€been€inÏthe€bar€for€a€couple€of€hours€before€the€shooting€and€that€the€defendant€was€upsettingÏand€bothering€people.€€Clark€stated€that€he€could€tell€that€the€defendant€had€beenÍdrinking.€€Clark€said€that€he€stayed€at€the€restaurant€after€everyone€else€had€leftÏbecause€he€did€not€want€to€leave€Martin€alone€with€the€defendant.€€He€testified€that€theÏdefendant€told€him€that€Martin€was€ð ðgoing€to€be€hisðð€but€that€she€already€hadÏsomebody.€€Clark€stated€that€the€defendant€then€shot€Martin.€€He€said€that€after€theÏshooting€the€defendant€laughed,€then€turned€the€gun€on€Clark€and€asked€him€if€he€hadÏa€problem.€€Clark€testified€that€he€said,€ð ðno,ðð€and€then€ran€outside€to€a€pay€telephoneÏacross€the€street€to€call€911.€€Clark€said€that€as€he€was€heading€back€toward€theÏrestaurant,€the€defendant€came€outside€and€drove€away.€€Clark€said€the€defendantÏwas€driving€a€1971€or€1973€silver€Pontiac€Grand€Prix.ÌÌà àOfficer€Marcia€Brown€of€the€Nashville€Metropolitan€Police€DepartmentÏtestified€that€she€was€called€to€Eddieððs€Restaurant€on€September€24,€1994.€€She€statedÏthat€she€took€photographs€and€collected€evidence.€€Officer€Brown€said€that€sheÏcollected€one€shell€casing€from€the€bar€and€latent€fingerprints€from€the€countertop.€€AnÏofficer€in€the€Latent€Print€Identification€Section€of€the€Nashville€Metropolitan€PoliceÏDepartment€testified€that€a€latent€fingerprint€lifted€from€the€countertop€of€EddieððsÏRestaurant€matched€the€defendantððs€fingerprint.ÌÌà àSonny€Propes€testified€that€he€arrived€at€Eddieððs€Restaurant€around€4:00Ïor€5:00€p.m.€on€September€24,€1994,€before€the€shooting.€€He€stated€that€theÏdefendant€arrived€at€the€restaurant€an€hour€to€an€hour„and„a„half€later€and€was€veryÍbelligerent.€€Propes€stated€that€he€had€never€seen€the€defendant€before€that€evening.€ÏPropes€testified€that€he€left€before€the€shooting€but€that€he€heard€about€it€later€thatÏnight.€€He€said€that€he€went€back€to€the€restaurant€to€see€what€was€happening,€and€heÏlearned€from€Eddie€Clark€that€the€defendant€had€shot€Martin€and€had€driven€away.ÌÌà àPropes€testified€that€he€later€gave€a€description€of€the€defendant€toÏpeople€who€regularly€attended€the€restaurant€in€case€the€defendant€returned.€€HeÏstated€that€on€October€21,€1994,€he€was€called€to€the€restaurant€to€identify€theÏdefendant,€who€was€at€the€restaurant.€€Propes€testified€that€he€immediately€identifiedÏthe€defendant€as€the€person€who€had€been€belligerent€in€the€bar€on€the€night€ofÏSeptember€24,€1994.€€ÌÌà àOfficer€James€Allen€McGill,€II,€of€the€Nashville€Metropolitan€PoliceÏDepartment€testified€that€he€and€other€officers€were€dispatched€to€Eddieððs€RestaurantÏon€October€21,€1994,€on€the€report€that€a€white€male€who€was€involved€in€a€previousÏshooting€at€the€restaurant€was€on€the€premises.€€He€testified€that€when€he€arrived€atÏthe€restaurant,€two€men€met€him€outside€and€showed€him€a€grey€Pontiac€Grand€PrixÏthat€belonged€to€the€defendant.€€He€said€that€the€men€described€the€defendant€andÏtold€him€that€the€defendant€was€armed.€€Officer€McGill€stated€that€he€entered€theÏrestaurant€and€saw€the€defendant€sitting€at€the€bar.€€He€said€that€he€and€the€otherÏofficers€approached€the€defendant€from€behind€and€arrested€him.€€He€stated€that€whileÍthe€officers€were€frisking€him,€the€defendant€reached€toward€his€right€front€pocket.€ÏOfficer€McGill€testified€that€when€the€defendant€was€subdued,€he€felt€the€defendantððsÏright€front€pocket€and€found€a€.25€automatic€pistol.€€Officer€McGill€testified€that€heÏunloaded€the€magazine€and€the€chamber€round€and€then€took€the€defendant€outside.ÌÌà àDetective€Ed€Shea€testified€that€both€Martin€and€Clark€identified€theÏdefendant€as€the€shooter€from€a€photo€array.€€A€ballistics€expert€from€the€T.B.I.€testifiedÏthat€the€shell€casing€found€in€Eddieððs€Restaurant€on€the€night€of€the€shooting€cameÏfrom€the€gun€obtained€from€the€defendant.€ÌÌà àGoldie€Upton,€the€defendantððs€sister,€testified€that€the€defendant€and€hisÏfriend,€Chester€Hobby,€were€at€her€house€in€Lebanon€until€approximately€6:15€or€6:30Ïp.m.€on€the€night€of€the€shooting.€€She€stated€that€it€takes€approximately€an€hour€to€getÏfrom€her€house€to€the€defendantððs€apartment€in€Nashville.€€She€testified€that€onÏSeptember€24,€1994,€she€wrote€in€her€calendar€that€the€defendant€and€Hobby€came€toÏsee€her.€€She€said€that€she€also€wrote€ð ð7:30€p.m.,ðð€which€she€said€was€when€she€layÏdown€that€night.€€She€stated€that€the€defendant€called€her€some€time€after€then.€€SheÏtestified€that€she€knew€that€the€defendant€owned€a€pistol€but€that€he€did€not€have€theÏpistol€with€him€that€day.€€She€also€stated€that€the€defendant€had€not€been€drinking.€€ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Upton€stated€that€she€wrote€ð ð7:30€p.m.ðð€on€theÏcalendar€when€she€got€up.€€She€admitted€that€in€September€1994,€she€made€no€otherÏnotation€about€what€time€she€got€up€from€lying€down.€€She€also€admitted€that€she€toldÏan€investigator€that€she€thought€the€defendant€was€an€alcoholic.ÌÌ€€à àChester€Hobby,€a€friend€of€the€defendant,€testified€that€he€did€notÏremember€seeing€the€defendant€drive€in€September€1994.€€He€said€that€he€drove€theÏdefendant€to€Uptonððs€house€on€September€24,€1994,€and€that€they€left€around€6:00€orÏ6:30€p.m.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€had€not€been€drinking€that€day€and€that€he€didÏnot€see€the€defendant€with€a€pistol€that€day.€€He€testified€that€the€defendant€drove€aÏblue€Pontiac€Grand€Prix.€€Charles€Upton,€the€husband€of€Goldie€Upton€and€theÏdefendantððs€brother„in„law,€testified€that€the€defendant€and€Hobby€were€at€his€houseÏon€September€24,€1994,€and€that€they€left€around€6:15€p.m.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€Chester€Hobby€drove€him€to€Lebanon€to€visitÏhis€sister€on€September€24,€1994.€€He€stated€that€he€and€Hobby€left€at€approximatelyÏ6:00€to€6:30€p.m.,€that€they€stopped€in€Nashville€at€a€grocery€store,€and€that€he€arrivedÏat€his€apartment€at€8:00€p.m.€€He€said€that€he€called€his€sister€when€he€got€home€andÏremained€in€his€apartment€for€the€rest€of€the€night.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€hadÏnot€been€drinking€that€day€and€that€he€did€not€go€to€Eddieððs€Restaurant€that€day.€€HeÍstated€that€before€the€first€court€hearing,€he€had€never€seen€Martin€or€Clark.€€He€alsoÏstated€that€before€October€21,€1994,€he€had€never€been€to€Eddieððs€Restaurant.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€admitted€that€it€could€have€beenÏ5:00€p.m.€when€he€left€his€sisterððs€house€on€the€day€of€the€shooting.€€He€also€admittedÏthat€he€told€Detective€Shea€that€he€did€not€remember€what€he€was€doing€on€the€day€ofÏthe€shooting.€€He€testified€that€he€owned€a€two„tone€blue€Pontiac€Grand€Prix,€but€heÏstated€that€he€did€not€drive€during€September€1994€because€he€was€awaiting€a€herniaÑ€2ÑÇsurgery€that€took€place€two€days€after€the€shooting.€€He€testified€that€he€owned€the€gunÏadmitted€into€evidence€and€that€he€carried€it€loaded€everyday.€€Baldwin€denied€that€heÏwas€an€alcoholic€but€admitted€that€he€was€drinking€when€he€was€arrested€at€EddieððsÏRestaurant€on€October€21,€1994.€€Finally,€the€defendant€reiterated€on€cross„examination€that€he€had€never€been€to€Eddieððs€Restaurant€before€the€day€he€wasÏarrested,€but€he€admitted€later€that€he€told€Detective€Shea€that€he€had€been€to€theÏrestaurant€once€before€his€arrest.€€He€explained€that€he€misspoke€when€he€was€talkingÏto€Detective€Shea€and€that€he€meant€to€say€that€he€had€been€to€Steveððs€Place,€notÏEddieððs€Restaurant.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIÌÓ  Óó óà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€is€insufficientÏto€support€his€conviction€for€reckless€endangerment€because€the€evidence€failed€toÏprove€that€a€specific€individual€was€placed€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€seriousÏbodily€injury.€€The€state€argues€that€because€the€restaurant€was€small€and€narrow,€andÏthe€bullet€could€have€ricocheted€off€one€of€the€metal€appliances,€striking€Clark,€theÏdefendant€committed€reckless€endangerment€by€placing€Eddie€Clark€in€imminentÏdanger€of€death€or€serious€bodily€injury€when€he€shot€Deborah€Martin.€€We€agree€withÏthe€defendant€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€conviction€for€recklessÏendangerment.ÌÌà àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,Ï319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€the€evidence,Ïbut€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€allÏreasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,Ï676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ï1978).ÌÌà àViewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€weÏconclude€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€reckless€endangermentÏconviction.€€The€evidence€presented€at€trial€shows€that€when€Martin€was€shot,€theÏdefendant€was€sitting€at€the€bar,€Martin€was€standing€behind€the€bar,€and€Clark€wasÏsitting€somewhere€behind€the€defendant.€€This€court€has€previously€held€thatÏdischarging€a€weapon€under€circumstances€ð ðwhere€a€stray€bullet€òòmighóót€òòpossiblyóó€strikeÏanother€personðð€is€insufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€reckless€endangerment.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Michael€David€Culbertsonóó,€No.€03C01„9412„CR„00449,€Sullivan€County,€slipÏop.€at€4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Aug.€30,€1996).€€In€the€instant€case,€mere€speculation€thatÏClark€might€have€been€hit€by€the€bullet€is€insufficient€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonableÍdoubt€that€Clark€was€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.€€Therefore,Ïwe€reverse€the€conviction€for€reckless€endangerment€and€dismiss€the€charge.Ìà àÌÓ  Óò òIIÌÓ  Óó óà àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€his€conviction€for€felony€recklessÏendangerment€was€erroneous€because€it€is€essentially€incidental€to€the€convictions€forÏattempted€second€degree€murder€and€aggravated€assault.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817ÏS.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€defendant€acknowledges€that€this€argument€was€notÏraised€in€his€motion€for€new€trial.€€Normally,€the€failure€to€include€an€issue€in€theÏdefendantððs€motion€for€new€trial€constitutes€a€waiver€and€bars€appellate€review.€€òòSeeóóÏT.R.A.P.€3(e).€€However,€the€defendant€asks€this€court€to€review€this€issue€under€theÏplain€error€doctrine.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b);€T.R.A.P.€13(b);€òòState€v.€Adkissonóó,Ï899€S.W.2d€626,€637„38€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).ÌÌà àFirst,€we€note€that€the€stateððs€position€at€trial€and€now€is€that€theÏcircumstances€in€which€the€defendant€shot€Deborah€Martin€recklessly€endangeredÏEddie€Clark.€€If€the€facts€were€to€reflect€that€in€shooting€one€person,€the€defendantÏrecklessly€endangered€a€second€person,€we€do€not€believe€that€the€endangerment€toÏthe€second€person€could€be€considered€essentially€incidental€to€the€shooting€of€theÏfirst€person.€€Due€process€under€òòAnthonyóó€would€allow€for€such€dual€convictions.€€Thus,Ïthere€would€not€be€plain€error.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIIIÌÓ  Óó óà àFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trialÏcourt€for€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€aggravated€assault€are€excessive,€andÏthat€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€them€consecutively.€€Specifically,€the€defendantÏargues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€finding€that€certain€enhancement€factors€existed,Ïthat€no€mitigating€factors€existed,€and€that€the€defendant€should€be€sentencedÏconsecutively€because€he€is€a€dangerous€offender.€€The€state€argues€summarily€thatÏthe€trial€court€properly€sentenced€the€defendant.Ìò òÌó óà àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„401(d)Ïand€„402(d).€€As€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€these€sections€note,€theÏburden€is€now€on€the€appealing€party€to€show€that€the€sentencing€is€improper.€€ThisÏmeans€that€if€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€made€findingsÏof€fact€that€are€adequately€supported€in€the€record,€and€gave€due€consideration€andÏproper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€under€theÏ1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€wereÏpreferred.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€ÌÌà àHowever,€"the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trialÏcourt's€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trialÏcourt€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€ÏòòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€this€respect,€for€the€purpose€ofÏmeaningful€appellate€review,ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 àthe€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€forÏarriving€at€the€final€sentencing€decision,€identify€theÏmitigating€and€enhancement€factors€found,€state€the€specificÏfacts€supporting€each€enhancement€factor€found,€andÏarticulate€how€the€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors€haveÏbeen€evaluated€and€balanced€in€determining€the€sentence.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(f)€(1990).€€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓòòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599€(Tenn.€1994).ÌÌà àAlso,€in€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,Ïif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureÏand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutory€enhancementÏfactors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf€and€(7)€theÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€and€„210€(1990);Ïòòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€236€(Tenn.€1986).€ÌÌà àThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€presumptively€theÏminimum€in€the€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€factors€present.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(1990).× ƒ3 ××  ×€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€the€sentence€within€theÏrange€based€upon€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors€and,€then,€reduce€theÏsentence€as€appropriate€for€any€mitigating€factors.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(d)€and€(e)Ï(1990).€€The€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€court's€discretionÏso€long€as€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€ActÏand€its€findings€Ñ7€ðLXXdð XXdæ7Ñare€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210€(1990),ÏSentencing€Commission€Comments;€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823ÏS.W.2d€at€169.€ÌÌà àDeborah€Martin€testified€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€She€stated€that€theÏbullet€entered€her€arm,€hit€a€bone,€and€then€went€through€her€chest€and€lungs,€lodgingÏin€her€trachea.€€She€said€that€she€underwent€nine€operations€on€her€throat,€from€whichÏshe€had€to€have€her€teeth€pulled.€€She€also€stated€that€she€had€trouble€breathing€andÏexperienced€fatigue€and€nervousness.ÌÌà àA€presentence€report€was€introduced€into€evidence.€€The€report€reflectsÏthat€the€defendant€dropped€out€of€high€school€in€the€ninth€grade.€€It€shows€that€theÏdefendant€suffered€from€numerous€health€problems,€including€alcohol€abuse.€€TheÏdefendant€also€reported€that€he€served€in€the€military€from€1948€through€1954€and€thatÍhe€held€various€odd€jobs€thereafter.€€The€report€shows€that€the€defendant€had€two€priorÏconvictions€for€driving€under€the€influence€in€1995€and€1979.€€The€report€indicates€thatÏthe€defendant€expressed€remorse€for€Martinððs€health€problems€resulting€from€theÏshooting.ÌÌà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€theÏdefendant€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€consecutive€sentences€of€twelve€yearsÏfor€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€conviction€and€four€years€and€six€months€forÏthe€aggravated€assault€conviction.€€The€defendant€also€received€concurrent€sentencesÏof€one€year€and€six€months€for€the€felony€reckless€endangerment€conviction€andÏeleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€the€unlawful€possession€of€a€weaponÏconviction.€ÌÌà àIn€sentencing€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€applied€the€following€threeÏhancement€factors€as€listed€in€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114€to€enhance€the€defendantððsÏsentences€for€all€of€his€convictions:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 à(1)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€behavior€in€addition€to€that€necessary€toÏestablish€his€range;Ìà8 àÌà8 à(10)€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€theÏcrimes€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high;€andÌÌà8 à(16)€the€defendant€committed€the€crimes€under€which€theÏpotential€for€bodily€injury€was€great.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓThe€trial€court€gave€little€weight€to€factor€(1).€€The€trial€court€also€stated€that€it€gaveÏgreat€weight€to€factors€(10)€and€(16).€€With€respect€to€the€attempted€second€degreeÏmurder€conviction,€the€trial€court€found€applicable€enhancement€factor€(6),€the€victimððsÏpersonal€injuries€were€particularly€great,€and€enhancement€factor€(9),€the€defendantÏpossessed€or€employed€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€the€offenses.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ððÏ40„35„114.€€The€trial€court€gave€little€weight€to€factor€(9)€but€great€weight€to€factor€(6).€ÏThe€trial€court€found€no€mitigating€factors.€€€€ÌÌÓ  Óò òAÓ  Óó óà àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applying€factor€(1)€toÏenhance€his€sentences€for€all€four€convictions,€and€by€applying€factors€(10)€and€(16)€toÏenhance€the€sentences€for€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€aggravatedÏassault€convictions.€€With€respect€to€factor€(1)€for€prior€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÏcriminal€behavior,€the€presentence€report€reflects€that€the€defendant€had€two€priorÏconvictions€for€driving€under€the€influence,€one€in€1995€and€the€other€in€1979.€€TheÏdefendant€contends€that€this€is€not€an€adequate€criminal€history€to€justifyÏenhancement.€€Specifically,€the€defendant€argues€that€two€prior€misdemeanorÏconvictions,€one€of€which€occurred€more€than€fifteen€years€ago,€do€not€constitute€aÏhistory€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior.€€We€disagree.€€A€defendant€needÏnot€have€an€ð ðextensive€criminal€history€in€order€for€enhancement€factor€(1)€to€apply.€ÏòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Norrisóó,€874€S.W.2d€591,€601€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)€(defendantððs€priorÍconvictions€for€driving€under€the€influence,€disturbing€the€peace,€and€trespass€wereÏproperly€used€to€enhance€defendantððs€aggravated€assault€conviction).€€In€addition,€weÏnote€that€the€defendant€admitted€at€trial€that€every€time€he€left€his€apartment€he€carriedÏa€loaded€pistol€with€him.€€The€defendantððs€prior€convictions€coupled€with€his€admittedÏhistory€of€criminal€behavior€are€adequate€to€support€the€use€of€enhancement€factor€(1).ÌÌà àNext,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applying€factorsÏ(10)€and€(16)€to€enhance€his€sentences€for€attempted€second€degree€murder€andÏaggravated€assault.€€The€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€not€haveÏapplied€these€factors€because€they€are€essential€elements€of€the€offenses.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.Ïðð€40„35„114.€€The€test€for€determining€whether€an€enhancement€factor€is€an€essentialÏelement€of€an€offense€is€whether€the€same€proof€necessary€to€establish€a€particularÏelement€would€also€establish€the€enhancement€factor.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883ÏS.W.2d€597,€601€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€determination€of€whether€a€particularÏenhancement€factor€should€be€applied€is€made€on€a€case„by„case€basis.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏPooleóó,€945€S.W.2d€93,€96€(Tenn.€1997).ÌÌà àWe€agree€with€the€defendant€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applying€factorsÏ(10)€and€(16).€€This€court€has€previously€held€that€these€factors€cannot€be€appliedÏwhen€the€offense€is€either€aggravated€assault€with€a€deadly€weapon€or€attempt€toÏcommit€murder,€because€proof€of€the€offense€charged€would€necessarily€involve€proofÍof€the€enhancement€factors.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€885€S.W.2d€357,€363€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1994);€òòState€v.€Nixóó,€922€S.W.2d€894,€903€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€However,€factorsÏ(10)€and€(16)€may€be€applied€when€there€are€others€present€besides€the€victim€whoÏwere€at€risk€because€of€the€defendantððs€assaultive€conduct.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Simsóó,€909ÏS.W.2d€47,€50€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€The€rationale€is€that€when€there€are€others€atÏrisk€besides€the€victim,€this€demonstrates€a€culpability€greater€than€that€required€toÏprove€the€specific€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€at€603.ÌÌà àIn€this€respect,€we€determine€that€although€someone€else€was€presentÏwhen€the€defendant€committed€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€theÏaggravated€assault,€specifically€Clark€and€Martin,€respectively,€neither€was€at€risk€asÏrequired€by€factor€(10),€nor€was€there€great€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€either€Clark€orÏMartin€as€required€by€factor€(16).€€The€evidence€shows€that€when€the€defendant€shotÏMartin,€the€defendant€was€sitting€at€the€bar,€Martin€was€standing€behind€the€bar,€andÏClark€was€behind€the€defendant.€€Under€these€facts,€Clark€was€not€placed€at€risk,€norÏwas€there€great€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€Clark€when€the€defendant€shot€Martin.€ÏMere€speculation€that€a€bullet€may€have€gone€astray€and€struck€Clark€is€not€enough€toÏjustify€the€application€of€enhancement€factors€(10)€and€(16)€under€these€facts.€€ÌÌà àIn€addition,€although€Martin€was€present€when€the€defendant€committedÏaggravated€assault€by€aiming€the€gun€at€Clark,€there€is€no€evidence€that€she€was€atÍrisk,€nor€was€there€any€evidence€of€great€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€Martin.€€Again,ÏMartin€would€have€been€behind€the€defendant€when€he€committed€the€aggravatedÏassault€against€Clark.€€Thus,€although€Clark€was€present€when€the€defendantÏcommitted€the€attempted€second€degree€murder,€and€Martin€was€present€when€theÏdefendant€committed€the€aggravated€assault,€we€conclude€that€because€neither€was€atÏrisk€and€because€there€was€no€great€potential€for€serious€bodily€injury,€the€trial€courtÏerred€by€applying€factors€(10)€and€(16).ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àò òBÌó óà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€apply€twoÏstatutory€mitigating€factors€in€sentencing.€€First,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€courtÏshould€have€found€that€he€committed€the€offenses€under€such€unusual€circumstancesÏthat€it€is€unlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€the€conduct.€€òòSeeóó€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113(11).€€We€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€by€failing€to€apply€thisÏmitigating€factor.€€Shootings€may€occur€for€illogical€reasons€or€for€no€reason€at€all,Ïparticularly€when€the€aggressor€has€been€drinking.€€Furthermore,€the€defendantÏadmitted€at€trial€that€his€conduct€was€not€unusual€for€him.€€He€stated€that€he€alwaysÏcarried€a€loaded€pistol€whenever€he€went€outside.€€In€addition,€when€the€defendantÏwas€arrested€in€the€same€bar€where€the€shooting€took€place,€he€had€been€drinkingÏand€was€carrying€a€loaded€pistol.€€In€the€instant€case,€the€shooting€does€not€present€anÏunusual€circumstance€as€contemplated€by€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113(11).ÌÌà àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€considerÏthe€defendantððs€poor€health€as€a€mitigating€factor€under€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113.€€We€agreeÏwith€the€trial€court€that€the€defendantððs€argument€would€have€more€weight€had€theÏdefendant€not€been€ð ðwell€enough€to€be€out€bar€hopping,€out€drinking,€carrying€a€gunÏaround,€and€certainly€putting€lives€in€danger.ðð€€We€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€byÏfailing€to€consider€the€defendantððs€poor€health€as€a€mitigating€factor.à àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àò òCÌà àó óIn€consideration€of€the€record€that€is€before€us,€we€determine€that€for€theÏattempted€second€degree€murder€offense,€the€following€enhancement€factors€asÏprovided€in€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114€apply:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 à(1)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€sentencing€range;ÌÌà8 à(6)€the€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€victim€wereÏparticularly€great;€andÌÌà8 à(9)€the€defendant€employed€a€firearm€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense;€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓWe€view€all€three€factors€to€have€substance,€but€the€serious€nature€of€the€victimððsÏinjuries€deserves€the€most€consideration.€€Without€the€existence€of€mitigating€factors,Ïwe€believe€that€the€twelve„year€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€remainsÏappropriate.€€ÌÌà àRegarding€the€aggravated€assault€offense,€only€the€defendantððs€previousÏhistory€of€criminal€convictions€and€criminal€conduct€applies€under€enhancement€factorÏ(1).€€Under€the€circumstances€of€this€case€and€the€defendantððs€background€relative€toÏdrinking€and€firearms,€we€determine€that€a€sentence€of€three€years€in€the€DepartmentÏof€Correction€is€appropriate.€€ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àò òDó óÌà àFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposingÏconsecutive€sentences€for€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€aggravatedÏassault€convictions.€€He€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€finding€him€to€be€aÏdangerous€offender€and€that€he€does€not€present€a€risk€to€society.ÌÌà àThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€provided€the€standard€for€determiningÏwhether€consecutive€sentences€are€appropriate€in€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2dÏ933,€938€(Tenn.€1995).€€In€òòWilkersonóó,€the€court€held€that€a€consecutive€sentence€is€notÏjustified€solely€on€a€finding€that€the€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender.€€Rather,€the€trialÏcourt€must€also€find€that€the€sentence€is€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€theÏoffenses€and€is€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€theÏdefendant.€€òòWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€at€938.ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€found€the€defendant€to€be€a€dangerous€offender€based€onÏthe€nature€of€the€offenses,€the€defendantððs€prior€convictions€for€driving€under€theÏinfluence,€the€defendantððs€failure€to€acknowledge€the€conduct,€and€the€belligerence€ofÏthe€defendant€on€the€witness€stand€at€trial.€€We€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€determination€thatÏthe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender.€€However,€the€trial€court€made€no€specificÏfindings,€as€required€by€òòWilkersonóó,€that€consecutive€sentences€were€reasonablyÏrelated€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€and€were€necessary€to€protect€the€public.€ÌÌà àNevertheless,€we€hold€that€the€record€supports€the€trial€courtððs€impositionÏof€consecutive€sentences.€€The€extensive€physical€injuries€sustained€by€Martin€as€aÏresult€of€the€defendantððs€conduct€demonstrate€that€consecutive€sentences€areÏreasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses.€€In€addition,€the€defendantððs€admittedÏcriminal€behavior€warrants€a€finding€that€the€sentences€are€necessary€to€protect€theÏpublic.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€always€carried€a€loaded€pistol€when€he€left€hisÏapartment,€and€he€admitted€that€when€he€was€arrested€he€was€in€possession€of€theÏloaded€pistol€while€drinking€at€the€same€bar€where€the€shooting€took€place.€€WeÏdetermine€that€the€record€supports€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€because€Ïthe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender,€the€sentences€reasonably€relate€to€the€severityÏof€the€offenses,€and€the€sentences€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public.ÌÌÓ  Óà àò òVÌÓ  Óó óà àIn€conclusion,€we€reverse€the€judgment€of€conviction€for€felony€recklessÏendangerment€and€dismiss€the€charge.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€conviction€forÏattempted€second€degree€murder.€€We€affirm€the€aggravated€assault€conviction,€butÏthe€sentence€is€set€at€three€years,€to€be€served€consecutively€to€the€attempted€secondÏdegree€murder€sentence.€€€€€€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌÌ______________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€Judge