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S\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d d)1dxd<:zTop of For7(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?%2A`Arial?  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ClassDfelony.XݍXXXHecontendsthathereceivedthe#cXXݍ##c#cXݍXcineffectiveassistance#cXXݍW##c8#cXݍXcԀof#cXXݍ##c#cXݍXccounsel#cXXݍy##cZ#cXݍXcԀbecausehis (x attorneysfailedtoexplaintohimtheadverseconsequencesthathisguiltypleaandconvictioncould a haveonhisresidentalienstatus,whichledtohisdeportation.#XXXXݍ##XX#XXԀWeaffirmthetrialcourt.#XXE #XX J #XX #XX Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCircuitCourt Affirmed     #X #XX.JosephM.Tipton,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichNormaMcGeeOgleand  RobertW.Wedemeyer,JJ.,joined.  S.JasonWhatley,Columbia,Tennessee,fortheappellant,DorianSorianoBautista. \ PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;ElizabethT.Ryan,SeniorCounsel;William .~ MichaelMcCown,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andMichaelDavidRandles,AssistantDistrict g AttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee.  P  @@OO& OPINION #XX #XX !"!     Thiscasearisesfromthepetitionerstheftofacarwheelandtires.OnJune14,2001,the ## petitionerpledguiltyandthestatesummarizedtheevidenceagainstthepetitionerasfollows: $$ ̀8  8`   YourHonor,theStatesproofwouldshowthatonMarchthe3rdof `&!& thisyearacivilianorcitizenwitnessbasicallysawthedefendant I'"' stealingwheelsoffacarattheClarenceLambCarLot.And 2(#( apparentlywhenthedefendantsortofrealizedhewasbeingwatched, )k$) hetookoff,wentacrosstoKrogersacrossthestreetthroughthe *T%* parkinglotthere.Kindofkeptupwithhim[sic].Thepolicewere *=&+ contacted,andstoppedhimjustashortdistancenearby.Andhewas +&', inatruck.Andthestolenwheelandtireswereintheback.So, ,(- basicallycaughtintheact.#-(.` x` x #_ԇ  Thetrialcourt,afterreceivingthestatesproffer,informedthepetitionerofhisconstitutional  right(1)toajurytrial,(2)toforcethestatetoproveeveryelementofthecrimebeyondareasonable  doubt,(3)toconfrontandcrossexaminewitnessescalledagainsthim,(4)toremainsilentorto  testifyattrial,(5)tohavetheassistanceofcounsel,(6)tocallwitnessesonhisownbehalf,and(7) k tohavethecourtissuesubpoenascompellingtheattendanceofwitnesses.Thetrialcourtthen T informedthepetitionerthatifhewereconvictedbyajury,hewouldhavetherighttoasentencing =  hearingandtoappealhisconviction.Thetrialcourtexplainedtothepetitionerthatthecrimefor & v whichhehadbeenchargedcarriedwithitapotentialsentenceoftwototwelveyears.Thetrial  _ courtaskedthepetitionerwhetherhewasundertheinfluenceofanyintoxicant,andwhenthe  H petitionerrepliedthathewasnot,thefollowingexchangeoccurred:  1  8  8`   THECOURT:Okay.Mr.Bautista...[did]anybodypromiseyou   anythingtogetyoutotakethedeal? ` x` x 8  8`   [THEPETITIONER]:No,sir. ` x` x 8  8`   THECOURT:Anybodythreatenyouinanywaytogetyoutotake n  thedeal?W ` x` x 8  8`   [THEPETITIONER]:No,sir.@` x` x 8  8`   THECOURT:Okay.Asfarasyouareconcerned,wastheplea )y bargainarrangementfreeandvoluntary?b` x` x 8  8`   [THEPETITIONER]:Yes,sir.K` x` x   Thetrialcourtfoundthatthepetitionersguiltyplea#XX~ #XXԀwasknowingandvoluntary,andit  acceptedthepetitionersplea.Atthesentencinghearing,thetrialcourtimposedasentenceoftwo  yearsandonemonth,whichitsuspended,placingthepetitioneronprobation.Asthepetitionerwas  leavingthecourthouse,anagentoftheImmigrationandNaturalizationService(INS)arrestedhim  andchargedhimwithbeingsubjecttoremovalfromtheUnitedStatespursuanttofederallawfor q havingbeenconvictedof anaggravatedfelonyasdefinedintheImmigrationandNationalityAct. Z TheINSthereaftertransportedthepetitionertotheOakdaleFederalDetentionCenterinLouisiana C toawaitdeportationproceedings. ,|   Thepetitionersoughtpostconvictionrelief,claimingthathereceivedtheineffective N assistanceofcounselwhichpreventedhimfromenteringaknowingandvoluntaryguiltyplea.  7 Specifically,thepetitionerallegedhiscourtappointedcounselfailedtoinformhimoftheeffecthis !   guiltypleawouldhaveonhisresidentalienstatus#XX#XX.Thepetitionerallegedthathadheknownofsuch " ! adverseconsequences,hewouldhaveproceededtotrial. #"   Thepetitionerwasunabletoattendthepostconvictionhearinginthismatterbecausehewas t% $ detainedinLouisianaawaitingdeportation,butthepetitionerspostconvictioncounselandan ]&!% assistantdistrictattorneygeneraltookhisdepositionbytelephone.Thedepositionwasintroduced F'"& asevidenceatthepetitionerspostconvictionhearing.Atranscriptofthedepositionwasincluded /(#' intherecord,butatranscriptoftheremainderofthehearingisabsent.Wenotethatthecourt )h$( reporterfailedtoproducethepostconvictionhearingtranscriptandwassubsequentlyfoundin *Q%) contemptofcourtandincarcerated.However,thepetitionerspostconvictioncounselandthe *:&* districtattorneygeneralsofficefiledanagreed statementoftheevidence.SeeT.R.A.P.24(c). +#'+ Ї  ThepetitionertestifiedthatheisapermanentresidentalienresidingintheUnitedStates  since1993,thathegraduatedfromShelbyvilleCentralHighSchoolwherehelearnedtospeakfluent  English,andthathewasintendinguponapplyingforUnitedStatescitizenship.Regardingthe  chargesagainsthiminBedfordCounty,hesaidthatinreturnforhisguiltypleatotheftoverone k thousanddollars,thestatehaddroppedmisdemeanorchargesagainsthimforweaponpossession T andcriminaltrespass. =    Thepetitionertestifiedthathispublicdefenders,whohecharacterizedasa blondemanwith  _ glassesandawoman,nevertoldhimthathecouldbedeportedtoMexicobaseduponhisguilty  H pleatotheftoveronethousanddollars.Hesaidthathewasunawarewhetherthechargesagainst  1  himweremisdemeanorsorfeloniesbutheknewthatsomeweremoreseriousthanothers.Hesaid    thatonthedayoftheguiltyplea,hewastakenintocustodyforfailuretocomplywithacourtorder   topayfeestohiscourtappointedlawyers.Hesaidthatwhilehewasindetention,amalepublic   defendertoldhimhisonlyoptionsweretopleadguiltyandgetprobationortogototrialandserve   twoyearsandonemonthintheDepartmentofCorrection.Hesaidneitherofhiscourtappointed n  attorneysdiscussedthepossibilityofpretrialorjudicialdiversionwithhimpriortohisguiltyplea. W  Hesaidthathadheknownpleadingguiltytothetheftchargewouldhaveresultedinhisdeportation, @ hewouldneverhaveagreedtothepleabargain.Hesaidhewouldhaveinstead#XX##XXԀproceededtotrial )y inordertocontestthestatesproofregardingthevalueofthestolenproperty. b Ѐ K   AnAssistantPublicDefendermetwithhimontwooccasions:atthepetitionersarraignment 4 andatthepublicdefendersoffice.Hesaidhediscussedwiththepetitionerthestatesresponseto  thepetitionersdiscoveryrequest,andhesaidtheydiscussedthepetitionersversionoftheevents.  Hesaidthathealsodiscussedwiththepetitionerthenatureofthechargesagainsthimandthe  punishmenthecouldreceive.Hesaidthatduringthediscussionofpunishment,thepetitioner  admittedhisguiltandtoldhimhewasonlyconcernedwithavoidingincarceration.Theattorney q saidthatalthoughhewasnotphysicallypresentonthedateofthepleahearing,hehadconducted Z thepleanegotiationswiththestate.Hesaidtheagreementwiththestateprovidedthatthepetitioner C wouldbeplacedonprobationifthepresentencereportwasfavorable.Heacknowledgedhewas ,| awareofthepetitionersstatusasaresidentalienduringthepleanegotiationprocess. e   TheDistrictPublicDefendertestifiedthatsherepresentedthepetitionerathispleahearing  7 onJune14,2001.Shesaidshehadfamiliarizedherselfwiththepetitionerscasebydiscussingit !   withcocounselbeforethehearing.Shesaidhetoldherofthepleaagreementreachedwiththe " ! state.Shesaidshemetwiththepetitionerbeforethehearingandreviewedthepleaagreement #" paperworkwithhim.Shesaidthatatthattime,sheaskedthepetitionerifhehadanyquestionsand $# thathisonlyconcernwasavoidingincarceration.Shesaidthepetitionerdidnotaskherabout t% $ potentialdeportationissues.Shetestifiedthatshewasalsoawareofthepetitionersimmigration ]&!% statusbeforetheentryofhisguiltyplea. F'"& Ѐ  Afterreadingthepetitionersdepositionandlisteningtothetestimonyofthewitnessesat )h$( thepostconvictionhearing,thetrialcourtdismissedthepetitionforpostconvictionreliefbecause *Q%) itfoundthatthepetitionerperjuredhimselfandbecausethepetitionersclaimsofineffective *:&* assistanceofcounselwerebasedonlyuponafailureofappointedcounseltoinformhimofa +#'+ collateralconsequenceofhisguiltyplea.Thetrialcourtheldthatthefailuredidnotviolatethe  petitionersrighttotheeffectiveassistanceofcounselundertheSixthAmendmenttotheUnited  StatesConstitution.    Thepetitionercontendsthatthetrialcourterredindenyinghispetitionforpostconviction T reliefbecauseofthefailureofcounseltoinformhimthathisguiltypleatotheftoveronethousand =  dollarscouldresultinhisdeportationtoMexico.Theissueonappealiswhethersuchafailureis & v aviolationoftherighttotheeffectiveassistanceofcounselundertheSixthAmendment.Insupport  _ ofhisargument,whichheallegesconstitutesoneoffirstimpressioninTennessee,thepetitioner  H citesaspersuasiveauthoritynumerouscasesfromotherjurisdictionsholdingthatsuchafailure  1  constitutestheineffectiveassistanceofcounselbecauseofthedrasticandpunitivenatureof    deportation.Thestateclaimsthatanattorneysfailuretoinformaclientofpotentialissues   involvingdeportationisacollateralissue,andassuch,itdoesnotconstitutetheineffective   assistanceofcounsel.Insupportofthisargument,thestatesbriefisrepletewithquotes,cites,and   analysisfromwhatitclaimsisa1995TennesseeSupremeCourtcasebutisinfacta1994Tennessee n  CourtofCriminalAppealscase.SeeXݍXXXAdkinsv.State,911S.W.2d334(Tenn.Crim.App.1994). W  Althoughthestateconcludesitsargumentbypointingoutthat thiscourtissimplynotauthorized @ tofindinpetitionersfavor,wenotethattheAdkins#XXXXݍ<#XݍXXX#cXXݍX+#XݍXclanguagereliedonbythestatewasdicta.#XXXXݍ >##XXb>#XXԀSee )y id.at35051.However,forreasonswhichweaddressbelow,weagreewiththestateandaffirmthe b trialcourtsdismissalofthepetitionforpostconvictionrelief. K XݍXXX  Theburdeninapostconvictionproceedingisonthepetitionertoprovehisgroundsforrelief  byclearandconvincingevidence.T.C.A.#cXXݍ>##c@#cXݍXc#cXXݍDA#XݍXcԀ#cXXݍA##c%A#cXݍXc40#cXXݍB#XݍXc30#cXXݍTB#XݍXc110(f)(2003).Onappeal,weareboundbythe  trialcourtsfindingsoffactunlessweconcludethattheevidenceintherecordpreponderatesagainst  thosefindings.#cXXݍB##cA#cXݍXcFieldsv.State,#cXXݍC##cC#cXݍXcԀ40S.W.3d450,456(Tenn.2001).Becausetheyrelatetomixed  questionsoflawandfact,wereviewthetrialcourtsconclusionsastowhethercounsels q performancewasdeficientandwhetherthatdeficiencywasprejudicialundera#cXXݍD##c}D#cXݍXcdenovo#cXXݍ:F##cF#cXݍXcԀstandard Z withnopresumptionofcorrectness.#cXXݍF##cF#cXݍXcId.#cXXݍG##cG#cXݍXcat457. C #XXXXݍH##XX:H#XX#XXH#?+ ` hp x X?cXݍXc  UndertheSixthAmendment,whenaclaimof#cXXݍcI##cDI#cXݍXcineffectiveassistance%  #cXXݍJ##cI#%SJcXݍXcԀof#cXXݍJ##cJ#cXݍXccounsel%  #cXXݍ^K##c?K#%KcXݍXcԀismade,the e burdenisonthepetitionertoshow(1)that#cXXݍL##cK#cXݍXccounsels#cXXݍL##cL#cXݍXcԀperformancewasdeficientand(2)thatthe N deficiencywasprejudicial.#cXXݍjM##cKM#cXݍXcStricklandv.Washington,#cXXݍNN##c/N#cXݍXcԀ466U.S.668,687,104S.Ct.2052,2064  7 (1984);#cXXݍO##cN#cXݍXcseeLockhartv.Fretwell,#cXXݍO##cO#cXݍXcԀ506U.S.364,368#cXXݍP#XݍXc72,113S.Ct.838,842#cXXݍP#XݍXc44(1993).Inother !   words,ashowingthatcounselsperformancefallsbelowareasonablestandardisnotenough;rather, " ! thepetitionermustalsoshowthatbutforthesubstandardperformance, theresultoftheproceeding #" wouldhavebeendifferent.Strickland#cXXݍ:Q##clP#XXXݍXXX,466U.S.at691.Whenapetitionerpleadsguilty,hemust $# showareasonableprobabilitythat,butfortheerrorsofhiscounsel,hewouldnothavepledguilty. t% $ See#cXXݍR##cS#cXݍXcHillv.Lockhart,#cXXݍsT##cTT#cXݍXcԀ474U.S.52,59,106S.Ct.366,370(1985);Adkins,911S.W.2d#cXXݍU#XݍXc#XXXXݍT#XݍXXXat349. ]&!%   Whenthepetitionersclaimisoneofinadequateadvice,courtsgenerallydistinguishbetween /(#' failuretoinformofdirectandindirectconsequencesofaguiltyplea.Failurebycounseltoinform )h$( ofdirectconsequencesofaguiltypleamayconstituteineffectiveassistanceofcounsel.Ontheother *Q%) hand,failuretoinformofindirectconsequencesofaguiltypleanormallydoesnot.Adkins,911 *:&* S.W.2dat350.Thisdistinction turnsonwhethertheresultrepresentsadefinite,immediateand +#'+ largelyautomaticeffectontherangeofthedefendantspunishment.Id.(quoting#cXXݍU##cU#cXݍXcTorreyv.Estelle,#cXXݍYY##c:Y#cXݍXc  842F.2d234,236(9thCir.1988)).#cXXݍZ#XݍXc#XXXXݍY#XݍXXX    InAdkins,thiscourtstated, k 8  8`   Anyfailureofcounseltoadviseastoanycollateralconsequencesof =  apleadoesnot,undertheseauthorities,fallbelowtherangeof & v competencedemandedofattorneysincriminalcases.Misadviceon  _ theissuemighthave#cXXݍ~Z##cZ#cXݍXcwarrantedrelief;and,whileafinedistinction,  H silencebycounseldoesnot.Inshort,asinofcommissionmightmerit  1  reliefwhilethesinofomissiondoesnot.  ` x` x 911S.W.2dat350.Oneoftheauthoritiesthecourtcitedasanexampleofacollateralconsequence   wasUnitedStatesv.DelRosario,#cXXݍ\##c\#cXݍXcԀ902F.2d55,59(D.C.Cir.1990).TheDelRosario#cXXݍ^#XݍXc#XXXXݍ^#XݍXXXԀcourtheldthat    trialcounselsfailuretoadviseadefendantofthecollateralconsequenceofapleaofguilty n  affectingthepossibilityofthedeportationofthedefendant[]doesnotfallshortoftheobjective W  standardofreasonableness,...under#cXXݍl_##c_#cXݍXcStrickland.902F.2dat59. @   Thepetitionerurgesthiscourttoholdthatfailuretoinformadefendantofthepotential b consequencesofdeportationconstitutesineffectiveassistanceofcounselandcitescasesfrom K IllinoisandPennsylvaniaasrepresentativeofamoderntrend.SeePeoplev.Correa,485N.E.2d307 4 (Ill.App.Ct.1985);Commonwealthv.Wellington,451A.2d223(Pa.Super.Ct.1982).InCorrea,  thecourtheldthedefendantreceivedineffectiveassistanceofcounselbecausehespecificallyasked  hiscounselaboutpotentialdeportationconsequencesandreceivederroneousadvice.However,in  Peoplev.Huante,571N.E.2d736(Ill.1991),theIllinoisSupremeCourtdistinguishedtheCorrea  decisionandheldthat thepassiveconductofcounselinfailingtodiscusswithadefendantthe q collateral#cXXݍ~a##c_a#cXݍXcconsequencesofaguiltypleadidnotconstitutetheineffectiveassistanceofcounsel.571 Z N.E.2dat739. C #cXXݍ4f#XݍXc#XXXXݍf#XݍXXX  InWellington,thecourtheldthefailuretoadviseadefendantthataconvictioncouldrender e hersubjecttodeportationconstitutedineffectiveassistanceofcounsel.451A.2dat225.However, N thePennsylvaniaSupremeCourtdisapprovedofthisholdinginCommonwealthv.Frometa,555  7 A.2d92,94n.2(Pa.1989).Insodoing,thecourtnotedthatitsdecisionwas !   8  8`   inlinewithamajorityofstateandfederalcourts.#cXXݍg##cQg#cXݍXcSee,Tafoyav. #" State,#cXXݍj##ci#cXݍXcԀ500P.2d247(Alaska1972)cert.den.410U.S.945,93S.Ct. $# 1389(failuretoinformanaliendefendantofthepossibilityof t% $ deportationdoesnotconstituteineffectiveassistance);#cXXݍj##cj#cXݍXcStatev.Malik,#cXXݍDl##c%l#cXݍXc ]&!% 37Wash.App.414,680P.2d770(1984)(itisnotincumbantupon F'"& defensecounseltoexplainthecollateralconsequenceofdeportation /(#' tocriminaldefendant);#cXXݍl##cl#cXݍXcStatev.Chung,#cXXݍGn##c(n#cXݍXcԀ210N.J.Super.427,510A.2d )h$( 72(1986)(defensecounselneedonlyadviseacriminaldefendantof *Q%) thedirectconsequencesofpleadingguilty);#cXXݍn##cn#cXݍXcStatev.Ginebra,#cXXݍ-p##cp#cXݍXcԀ511 *:&* So.2d960(Fla.1987)(failureofcounseltoinformofthecollateral +#'+ consequencesofdeportationdoesnotundermine#cXXݍp##cp#cXݍXcguiltyplea);#cXXݍq##cq#cXݍXcMott  v.State,#cXXݍr##cfr#cXݍXcԀ407N.W.2d581(Iowa1987)(failuretoadviseacriminal  defendantofthecollateralconsequences,even seriousoneslike  deportationcannotbethebasisofanineffectivenessclaim);#cXXݍ:s##cs#cXݍXcStatev. k Santos,#cXXݍt##ct#cXݍXcԀ136Wis.2d528,401N.W.2d856(1987)(knowledgeofthe T collateralconsequencesisnotaprerequisitetoaknowingand =  intelligentplea).#cXXݍbu##cCu#cXݍXcSeealso,UnitedStatesv.Santelises,#cXXݍv##c~v#cXݍXcԀ476F.2d787 & v (2dCir.1973);#cXXݍbw##cCw#cXݍXcUnitedStatesv.Romero#cXXݍx#XݍXcVilca,#cXXݍzx##cw#cXݍXcԀ850F.2d177(3d  _ Cir.1988);#cXXݍ y##cx#cXݍXcUnitedStatesv.Campbell,#cXXݍy##cy#cXݍXcԀ778F.2d764(11thCir.1985);  H #cXXݍrz##cSz#cXݍXcLaPortav.UnitedStates,#cXXݍ,{##c {#cXݍXcԀ651F.Supp.884(E.D.Pa.1986).#cXXݍ{##c{#cXݍXcSee  1  generally,#cXXݍ|##cb|#cXݍXcԀ65A.L.R.4th719(1988).  ` x` x   WeagreewiththedecisionsoftheIllinoisandPennsylvaniaSupremeCourtsandholdthat   failuretoinformadefendantofpotentialconsequencesofdeportationdoesnotconstituteineffective   assistanceofcounselunderStricklandbecauseithasnodefinite,immediate,andlargelyautomatic n  effectontherangeofthedefendantspunishment#cXXݍ6}#XݍXc#XXXXݍ}#XݍXXX.Wedeclineatthistimetoaddressthequestion W  posedtothecourtinCorreaconcerningerroneousadviceinthedeportationcontext,excepttonote @ thatthiscourthasdistinguishedbetweenerroneousadviceandfailuretoinform.#cXXݍZ##c#cXݍXcԀSeeAdkins,911 )y S.W.2dat350. b   Inthepresentcase,therecordreflectsthatneitherofthepetitionersattorneysadvisedhim 4 concerningpotentialdeportationissues,anditalsoindicatestheydidnotmisinformhim.Although  theywerebothawareofthefactthatthepetitionerwasaresidentalien,theyfailedtodiscuss  potentialdeportationissueswithhim.Basedupontheforegoingauthorities,weholdthatthefailure  todiscusswiththepetitionerpotentialdeportationramificationsfromhisconvictiondidnotrender  theirperformanceasthepetitionerscounseldeficient.Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt. q #XXXXݍ##XX6#XXXݍXXX   `     h     ____________________________________ e    `     h     JOSEPHM.TIPTON,JUDGE N   #cXXݍׄ##c#