ÿWPC¾ ®¥+l3XÏ$6Wk’?fA½Þ†<ʲîPTß^ËÑ œÅª‹Ûþ˜­§%iê ˜OÔRÓ¨<¾ž¸«ü¤Ù1ü%·òSjNÚÒ¡Ò½e›S aîyð»Ä®#Áü¼ L&­7ø™A¦"üÚq¾8„ãcˆ®ŠiòÄÉŸ~ûçµv 6KسXЖœ€ã\qýŽ][¶O^3m« ¿ÉǬ€ŸoNô‹.èãä¥QD½ÿ4xdou#$éHê5U%Ú÷ $amF øXão“ܼW~âFÜ#£+D¢3·\JýNÀA ´¿à.Ù¬Qßà›; »Ó:£´¤È~ÓЬá…\ÆJ]¸ ýèîÀQí¸N<ÞÙô»P¬y°*Ù4^»}¾qd´·{Fç~ÐSË°¦Æ,Ïç J…§÷n`ƒ«½çÏñ!:Î’üz Ḃ»E—¾] cºÐyÓ*V3›æÃ`m°êÃbܵ$ %Exoå©yùì5L͆U®ˆ5:ßo|Oýd¸ªîhÎþ'Z'9ÛÏAWØ*Ñ6ïmx^}öVwŒy •éVÈ¡¶„• Zn3Ø ÈwJƒ±r&YGiØš¸Œ@NOˆ“E2½¦Ïáø ÅæË:ªô‡ ü§<ÐXb %\Nb 0ˆdUANìî: z( Ò¢ zt Òî ^ À wÌ 4Ð ä Æó ƹ ÆÆE N  m#Á&Eç 0DéU!@-UNmmmø»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»b³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 0ë»»»» B¦¦ 0¤Ã D3g D-š 0KÇÇ ASÆe 0¤+ 0DÏ A«»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular äÝ ƒRè›$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¨ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Johnson€testified€that,€at€the€time€of€the€events,€she€and€Barrett€were€dating.€€However,€Johnson€also€testifiedÐ ° Ðthat€she€and€Barrett€had€married€before€the€trial.€€Barrett€was€involved€in€the€drug€transaction€because€Johnson€did€notÐ tÄ Ðpossess€a€driverððs€license€and€needed€someone€to€drive€her€to€the€meeting€place.˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptJ¦+ ÖJ~'ê:i¢Ø+003|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman (ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular îÝ ƒRè›$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¨ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€The€confidential€informantððs€name€is€also€spelled€ð ðTracie€Johnsonðð€in€various€portions€of€the€record.- ù-(|G2è›$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¨ò»»Ô d(|3ÿc$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÿc$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€%»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼%»»»ÔÑ8€XyXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î„%ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼%»îî„ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` à€Assigned€on€Briefs€April€25,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XXyX»¼%ÔÌò òÔ#†¼%»XXXy #ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€MELVIN€E.€BEARDÔ‡XXyX»¼%Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€as€of€Right€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Williamson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€I„1098„346„A€€€€€€Timothy€L.€Easter,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„02394„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€August€30,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€appellant,€Melvin€E.€Beard,€was€convicted€in€the€Williamson€County€Circuit€Court€of€one€countÐ xÈ  Ðof€the€sale€and€delivery€of€less€than€.5€grams€of€crack€cocaine,€a€class€C€felony.€€The€trial€courtÐ d´ Ðsentenced€the€appellant€to€ten€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction€andÐ P  Ðimposed€a€fine€of€two€thousand€dollars€($2000).€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€raises€the€following€issuesÐ <Œ Ðfor€our€review:€(1)€whether€the€evidence€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€sustain€the€appellantððs€conviction;Ð (x Ð(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€State€to€introduce€the€portion€of€an€audio€tapeÐ d Ðrecording€of€the€drug€transaction€that€occurred€outside€the€presence€of€the€appellant;€(3)€whether€theÐ P Ðtrial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€grant€the€appellantððs€motion€for€mistrial;€and€(4)€whether€the€trial€courtÐ ì< Ðerred€in€sentencing€the€appellant.€€Upon€review€of€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirm€theÐ Ø( Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð Ä ÐÓÆÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ œì ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼%»àXXy‘#ÔÔ‡XXyX.¼%ÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€òòAlanÐ tÄ ÐE.€Glenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð `° ÐÌEric€L.€Davis,€Franklin,€Tennessee;€and€Lionel€R.€Barrett,€Jr.,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€theÐ 8!ˆ  Ðappellant,€Melvin€E.€Beard.Ð $"t! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Jennifer€L.€Ô_ÔBledsoeÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ü#L# ÐRonald€L.€Davis,€District€Attorney€General;€Derek€K.€Smith€and€Lee€E.€Dryer,€Assistant€DistrictÐ è$8 $ ÐAttorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Ô_ÔTennessseeÔ_Ô.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÓÒ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼%»XXXy #ÔÔ‡XXyX»¼%ÔÐ ¬'ü"' ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼%»XXXy8 #ÔÔ‡XXyX»¼%ÔÓ  Óà@ìàòòò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóÔ#†¼%»XXXy– #ÔÔ€XXyX»¼%ԈР„)Ô$) Ðà  àà ` àOn€May€5,€1999,€confidential€informant€Tracey€Johnson,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€who€was€assisting€theÐ p*À%* ÐWilliamson€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€called€the€appellant€and€made€arrangements€to€buy€crackÐ \+¬&+ýp ÐÔ_Ôcocaine.€€Prior€to€the€drug€purchase,€Detective€Barry€Kincaid€and€Detective€Jack€Franz€of€theÐ ° ÐWilliamson€County€Sheriffððs€Department€attached€a€ð ðbody€wireðð€to€Johnson€in€order€to€monitor€theÐ œì Ðproceedings€and€to€make€an€audio€tape€recording€of€the€transaction.€€The€detectives€also€searchedÐ ˆØ ÐJohnson,€Steve€Barrett,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€the€truck€Johnson€and€Barrett€would€be€using€during€the€transaction,Ð tÄ Ðfinding€no€contraband.€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€transaction€was€originally€scheduled€to€take€place€at€the€appellantððs€home;Ð 8 ˆ Ðhowever,€on€the€way€to€the€appellantððs€home,€Johnson€and€Barrett€noticed€the€appellantððs€truck€inÐ $ t Ðthe€parking€lot€of€the€ð ðAdministrative€Office€Complex.ðð€€The€couple€approached€the€appellant,€andÐ  ` ÐJohnson€inquired€about€obtaining€the€crack€cocaine.€€The€appellant€informed€Johnson€that€he€firstÐ ü L  Ðhad€to€ð ðpick€up€his€boy,ðð€but€she€should€meet€him€at€the€ð ðTobacco€Storeðð€in€a€few€minutes.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àWhen€the€appellant€met€Johnson€and€Barrett€at€the€ð ðTobacco€Store,ðð€he€wasÐ À  Ðaccompanied€by€Chris€Johnson€(hereinafter€ð ðChrisðð).€€The€appellant€parked€his€truck€beside€the€truckÐ ¬ü  Ðin€which€Johnson€and€Barrett€were€traveling.€€Johnson€asked€the€appellant€to€give€her€a€large€rockÐ ˜è  Ðof€crack€cocaine.€€Johnson€gave€the€appellant€forty€dollars€($40),€and,€in€exchange,€the€appellantÐ „Ô  Ðhanded€Johnson€two€rocks€of€crack€cocaine.€€During€the€course€of€the€exchange,€JohnsonÐ pÀ Ðremembered€that€she€had€promised€to€bring€the€appellant€some€barbecued€ribs€from€her€workplace.€Ð \¬ ÐUpon€remembering€this,€Johnson€mentioned€to€the€appellant,€ð ðIððll€have€to€get€you€those€ribs€later.ðð€Ð H˜ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àÌà  àà ` àFollowing€the€transaction,€the€appellant€was€arrested,€indicted,€and€tried€on€a€chargeÐ  p Ðof€the€sale€and€delivery€of€less€than€.5€grams€of€crack€cocaine,€a€class€C€felony.€€A€jury€in€theÐ  \ ÐWilliamson€County€Circuit€Court€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€the€charged€offense.€€At€theÐ øH Ðsentencing€hearing,€the€State€and€the€appellant€agreed€that€the€appellant€qualified€as€a€Range€IIÐ ä4 Ðmultiple€offender.€€Furthermore,€the€State€adduced€proof,€via€the€pre„sentence€report€and€theÐ Ð  Ðappellantððs€own€testimony,€regarding€the€numerous€convictions€littering€the€appellantððs€record.€Ð ¼  ÐAdditionally,€the€State€established€that€the€appellantððs€record€contains€at€least€one€probationÐ ¨ø Ðviolation€and€revocation€and€that€the€instant€offense€was€committed€while€the€appellant€was€servingÐ ”ä Ða€community€corrections€sentence.€€Based€upon€this€proof,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€toÐ €Ð Ðten€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction,€the€maximum€sentence€for€aÐ l¼ ÐRange€II€offender€convicted€of€a€class€C€felony.€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà@éé$ìàòòò òII.€€Analysisóóó óˆÐ 0"€  Ðà@ìàA.€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÐ #l! Ðà  àà ` àÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔThe€appellant€first€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€supporting€hisÐ $X" Ðconviction€of€the€sale€and€delivery€of€less€than€.5€grams€of€crack€cocaine.€€Ô#†XXyXXXXy¯#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔIt€is€well„established€lawÐ ô$D # Ðthat,€Ô#†XXyXXXXy #ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔas€the€prevailing€party€in€the€trial€court,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€ofÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657Ð Ì&"% ÐS.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€€In€connection€with€this€issue,€we€recognize€that€questionsÐ ¸'#& Ðconcerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€wellÐ ° Ðas€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€are€resolved€by€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact€and€not€thisÐ œì Ðcourt.€òòState€v.€Pruettóó,€788€S.W.2d€559,€561€(Tenn.€1990).Ô#†XXyXXXXy#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€Moreover,€because€a€jury€convictionÐ ˆØ Ðessentially€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€the€appellant€enjoyed€at€trial€and€replaces€it€withÐ tÄ Ða€presumption€of€guiltÔ#†XXyXXXXyî!#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€on€appeal,Ô#†XXyXXXXyø"#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€the€appellant€bears€the€burden€of€demonstrating€to€this€court€whyÐ `° Ðthe€evidence€will€not€support€the€juryððs€findingsÔ#†XXyXXXXyE##ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ.€€òòÔ#†XXyXXXXy$#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔId.óó€€In€order€to€satisfy€this€burden,Ô#†XXyXXXXyZ$#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€the€appellantÐ L œ Ðmust€establish€that€no€reasonable€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€offenseÐ 8 ˆ Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);Ð $ t ÐTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).Ô#†XXyXXXXyÄ$#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔò òó óÐ  ` ÐÌà  àà ` à€In€order€to€sustain€the€appellantððs€conviction,€the€State€needed€to€prove€at€trial€thatÐ è 8  Ðthe€appellant€knowingly€delivered€or€sold€a€controlled€substance.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417Ð Ô$  Ð(a)(2)€&€(3)€(1997).€€Notably,€our€code€provides€that€cocaine€is€a€schedule€II€controlled€substance.€Ð À  ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„408(b)(4)€(1997).€€Additionally,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„302(b)Ð ¬ü  Ð(1997)€provides€that€ð ð[a]€person€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€a€result€of€the€personððs€conduct€whenÐ ˜è  Ðthe€person€is€aware€that€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result.ðð€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€evidence€at€trial,€the€appellant€stipulated€to€the€chain€of€custody€of€the€rocks€ofÐ \¬ Ðcrack€cocaine€obtained€from€Johnson€and€further€stipulated€to€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€InvestigationÐ H˜ Ð(TBI)€laboratory€report,€which€revealed€that€the€rocks€are€.2€grams€of€crack€cocaine.€€Moreover,Ð 4„ ÐJohnson€identified€the€appellant€as€the€individual€who,€pursuant€to€a€prior€agreementÔ#†XXyXXXXy6&#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ,€sold€her€theÐ  p Ðcrack€cocaine.€€Also,€Detective€Kincaidððs€trial€testimony€corroborated€much€of€Johnsonððs€testimony.€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€appellantððs€main€complaint,€however,€is€not€that€the€State€failed€to€produce€theÐ ä4 Ðforegoing€evidence,€but€that€the€jury€believed€the€testimony€of€Johnson.€€The€appellant€argues€that,Ð Ð  Ðin€light€of€Johnsonððs€past€convictions€of€passing€bad€checks€and€of€criminal€impersonation€andÐ ¼  Ðbecause€an€assault€charge€against€Johnson€was€dismissed€the€day€after€the€drug€transaction,€JohnsonÐ ¨ø Ðwas€not€credible€as€a€witness.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tony€A.€Bakeróó,€No.€01C01„9711„CC„00537,€1999€WLÐ ”ä Ð191584,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€April€8,€1999).€€The€appellant€argues€that€the€proofÐ €Ð Ðdemonstrated€that€Chris€was€actually€the€drug€dealer€and€the€appellant€was€simply€present€at€theÐ l¼ Ðtransaction€to€obtain€the€barbecued€ribs.€€Essentially,€the€appellant€implores€this€court€to€substituteÐ X ¨ Ðits€judgment€for€that€of€the€jury.€€This€we€cannot€do.€€òòState€v.€Jacksonóó,€814€S.W.2d€740,€742„3€(Tenn.Ð D!” ÐCrim.€App.€1991);€òòState€v.€Michelle€Fergusonóó,€No.€E1999„01302„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1100223,Ð 0"€  Ðat€*10€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€August€3,€2000).€€We€reiterate€that€Tennessee€law€dictatesÐ #l! Ðthat€a€determination€regarding€the€credibility€of€witnesses€lies€within€the€purview€of€the€jury.€€òòSeeóóÐ $X" ÐòòState€v.€Millsapsóó,€30€S.W.3d€364,€368€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€Ô#†XXyXXXXy8+#Ô€òòÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,Ô#†XXyXXXXy2#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€(Tenn.€2000)Ð ô$D # Ð(Ô#†XXyXXXXyx2#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔstating€that€ð ðthe€weight€and€credibility€of€the€witnesses'€testimony€are€matters€entrusted€exclusivelyÐ à%0!$ Ðto€the€jury€as€the€trier[]€of€factðð)Ô#†XXyXXXXyÝ2#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ.€€Therefore,€because€Ô#†XXyXXXXyÄ3#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔð ðthe€jury€resolved€the[]€issue[]€of€credibilityÐ Ì&"% Ðin€favor€of€the€State,€[this]€appellate€court€may€not€reconsider€the€jury's€credibility€assessment[].ðð€Ð ¸'#& ÐòòState€v.€Carruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€516,€558Ô#†XXyXXXXy4#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€(Tenn.€2000),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€__€U.S.€___,€121€S.€Ct.€2600Ð ¤(ô#' Ð(2001).€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€State€adduced€sufficient€evidence€at€trial€to€sustain€theÐ )à$( Ðappellantððs€conviction.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà@¢¢ìàB.€€Audio„Taped€StatementˆÐ ° Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellantððs€second€and€third€issues€concern€an€audio€tape€recording€of€the€drugÐ œì Ðtransaction€that€the€State€played€for€the€jury.€Prior€to€trial,€the€appellant€moved€to€exclude€allÐ ˆØ Ðstatements€on€the€recording€that€were€made€outside€the€appellantððs€presence.€€The€trial€court€grantedÐ tÄ Ðthe€motion€and€instructed€the€State€to€play€only€that€portion€of€the€recording€from€the€preambleÐ `° Ðthrough€the€last€encounter.€€Regrettably,€the€State€misunderstood€this€instruction€and€played€a€partÐ L œ Ðof€the€recording€where€Johnson€said,€ð ðWe€got€it.ðð€€This€statement€occurred€after€the€conclusion€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€transaction€and€after€the€appellant€had€left€the€scene.€€This€part€of€the€recording€was€excludedÐ $ t Ðby€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€and€was€impermissibly€played€for€the€jury.€€After€the€State€played€thisÐ  ` Ðportion€of€the€recording,€the€appellant€moved€for€a€mistrial.€€However,€the€trial€court€ruled€that,Ð ü L  Ðalthough€the€State€violated€the€courtððs€order€by€playing€that€portion€of€the€recording,€the€error€didÐ è 8  Ðnot€affect€the€defense€and€did€not€amount€to€an€error€egregious€enough€to€require€a€mistrial.€€TheÐ Ô$  Ðappellant€then€requested€that€the€trial€court€give€a€curative€instruction€to€the€jury.€€The€trial€courtÐ À  Ðagreed€and€instructed€the€jury€that,€in€determining€the€appellantððs€guilt,€they€were€not€to€consider€theÐ ¬ü  Ðportion€of€the€recording€in€which€Johnson€said,€ð ðWe€got€it.ðð€€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€appellant€first€alleges€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€State€to€play€theÐ pÀ Ðcontested€portion€of€the€recording,€arguing€that€the€State€ð ðgrossly€disregard[ed]€the€trial€courtððs€Ð \¬ Ðprevious€ruling.ðð€€Although€we€agree€that€the€State€impermissibly€played€a€portion€of€the€recording,Ð H˜ Ðthere€is€nothing€in€the€record€to€support€the€appellantððs€claim€that€the€Stateððs€action€was€intentional.€Ð 4„ ÐRather,€the€record€reflects€that€the€contested€portion€of€the€recording€was€played€only€because€theÐ  p ÐState€misunderstood€the€courtððs€ruling€as€to€when€the€recording€was€to€be€stopped.€€Moreover,€theÐ  \ Ðappellant€made€no€effort€to€interrupt€that€portion€of€the€recording,€only€asking€for€a€mistrial€at€itsÐ øH Ðconclusion.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€the€appellantððsÐ ¼  Ðmotion€for€a€mistrial.€€Ô#†XXyXXXXyQ5#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔA€mistrial€is€a€procedural€device€that€is€only€appropriate€when€the€trial€cannotÐ ¨ø Ðcontinue€without€causing€a€miscarriage€of€justice.€€òòState€v.€McPhersonóó,€882€S.W.2d€365,€370€(Tenn.Ð ”ä ÐCrim.€App.€1994).€€In€other€words,€there€must€be€a€ð ðððmanifest€necessityðððð€for€a€mistrial€to€beÐ €Ð Ðdeclared.€€òòState€v.€Millbrooksóó,€819€S.W.2d€441,€443€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€In€conducting€ourÐ l¼ Ðreview€of€this€issue,€we€note€that€this€court€has€previously€found€that€ð ð[t]he€decision€of€whether€toÐ X ¨ Ðgrant€a€mistrial€is€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€This€court€will€not€disturb€thatÐ D!” Ðdecision€absent€a€finding€of€abuse€of€discretion.ðð€€òòState€v.€Mathisóó,€969€S.W.2d€418,€422€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð 0"€  ÐApp.€1997)€(citations€omitted).€€Ð #l! ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€the€instant€case,€the€contested€evidence€consisted€of€Johnsonððs€audio€statementÐ ô$D # Ðð ðWe€got€it,ðð€referring€to€the€completed€purchase€of€crack€cocaine.€€However,€the€jury€also€heardÐ à%0!$ ÐJohnson€testify€that€she€bought€the€crack€cocaine€from€the€appellant.€€Therefore,€even€though€theÐ Ì&"% ÐState€committed€an€error€by€allowing€the€jury€to€hear€the€contested€statement,€such€error€is€clearlyÐ ¸'#& Ðharmless€in€light€of€the€overwhelming€evidence€of€the€appellantððs€guiltÔ#†XXyXXXXyÆA#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ.€€Moreover,€the€ð ð[o]bjection[]Ð ¤(ô#' Ðinterposed€by€the€appellantððs€counsel€w[as]€sustained€and€the€trial€judge€gave€[a]€curativeÐ )à$( Ðinstruction[]€to€the€jury.€€It€is€presumed€that€the€jury€followed€the€trial€judgeððs€instruction[]€not€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðconsider€inadmissible€evidence.ðð€€òòMillbrooksóó,€819€S.W.2d€at€443;€òòÔ#†XXyXXXXyÊG#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XXyXXXXyƒI#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€òòState€v.€Melvinóó,€913Ð h+¸&* ÐS.W.2d€195,€201€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Accordingly,€due€to€the€Ô#†XXyXXXXyÐI#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔharmless€nature€of€the€contestedÐ ° Ðevidence€and€the€prompt€curative€instruction€given€by€the€trial€court,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€courtÐ œì Ðdid€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€denying€the€appellantððs€motion€for€a€mistrial.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Michael€E.Ð ˆØ ÐWallaceóó,€No.€M1999„02187„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€208511,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,Ð tÄ ÐMarch€1,€2001).Ð `° ÐÌà@¼¼$ìàC.€SentencingˆÐ 8 ˆ Ðà  àà ` àFinally,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€the€appellant€toÐ $ t Ðten€years€incarceration,€the€maximum€sentence€for€a€Range€II€offender€convicted€of€a€class€C€felony.€Ð  ` ÐAs€a€preliminary€matter,€we€observe€that,€because€the€trial€court€misapplied€a€mitigating€factor,€weÐ ü L  Ðwill€review€the€Ô#†XXyXXXXy„J#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔtrial€courtððs€determinations€de€novo€without€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€òòóóTenn.Ð è 8  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1997)Ô#†XXyXXXXyQN#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔòòóó;€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€Ô#†XXyXXXXy$O#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ169€(Tenn.€1991).Ô#†XXyXXXXy”O#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€€In€any€event,Ð Ô$  Ðthe€burden€is€on€the€appellant€to€demonstrate€the€impropriety€of€his€sentence.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð À  Ð35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€Ô#†XXyXXXXyçO#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔÐ ¬ü  ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€must€consider€the€following€factors€in€the€course€of€our€de€novo€review:€(1)€theÐ „Ô  Ðevidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€pre„sentence€report;€(3)€theÐ pÀ Ðprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€andÐ \¬ Ðcharacteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€evidence€and€information€offered€by€the€partiesÐ H˜ Ðon€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors;€(6)€any€statement€by€the€appellant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)Ð 4„ Ðthe€appellantððs€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102€and€„103Ð  p Ð(1997),€„210Ô#†XXyXXXXyñP#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€(2000€Supp.);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168.Ô#†XXyXXXXy,T#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔÐ  \ ÐÌà@jjìà1.€€Length€of€SentenceÔ#†XXyXXXXy«T#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔˆà0 È àÐä4È(#È(# Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€contends€that€ð ðthe€trial€court€erred€in€weighing€the€enhanc[ement]Ð Ð  Ðfactors€.€.€.€and€in€not€finding€the€existence€of€any€mitigating€factors.€.€.€.ðð€€Notably,€the€appellantÐ ¼  Ðdoes€not€contest€the€accuracy€of€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€the€enhancement€factors,€only€theÐ ¨ø Ðweight€afforded€to€those€factors.€€The€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factor€(1),€finding€that€theÐ ”ä Ðappellant€ð ðhas€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÐ €Ð Ðnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€(1997).€€TheÐ l¼ Ðappellant€stipulated€that€he€qualified€as€a€Range€II€multiple€offender.€€The€appellantððs€criminalÐ X ¨ Ðhistory€consists€of€two€felony€convictions€of€driving€while€a€habitual€motor€vehicle€offender€andÐ D!” Ðthirteen€misdemeanor€convictions€of€various€offenses.€€Although€we€may€not€consider€the€appellantððsÐ 0"€  Ðtwo€felony€convictions,€as€they€are€the€basis€for€the€appellantððs€Range€II€status,€òòseeóó€òòÔ#†XXyXXXXy+U#ÔóóTenn.€Code€Ann.Ð #l! Ððð€40„35„106(a)(1)€(1997)Ô‡XXyXXXXyÔ,€we€may€take€into€account€the€appellantððs€numerous€misdemeanorÐ $X" Ðconvictions€in€applying€this€factor.€€We€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€enhancement€factor€(1)€appliesÐ ô$D # Ðto€the€appellant.€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àà ` àNext,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€ð ðhas€a€previous€history€of€unwillingnessÐ ¸'#& Ðto€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ¤(ô#' Ððð€40„35„114(8).€€The€pre„sentence€report€and€the€appellantððs€testimony€at€the€sentencing€hearingÐ )à$( Ðreveal€that€the€appellant€has€previously€violated€his€probation€and€that€he€committed€the€instantÐ |*Ì%) Ðoffense€while€on€community€corrections.€€This€court€has€often€explained€that€a€trial€court€may€notÐ h+¸&* Ðconsider€the€commission€of€the€instant€offense€while€on€a€form€of€release€as€proof€of€a€òòpreviousóóÐ ° Ðhistory€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÐ œì Ðv.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€185„186€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€However,€such€evidence€may€beÐ ˆØ Ðconsidered€by€the€trial€court€if€it€falls€within€the€parameters€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(13).Ô#†XXyXXXXyŒZ#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyԀРtÄ ÐRegardless,€evidence€in€the€appellantððs€record€regarding€at€least€one€probation€violation,€as€well€asÐ `° Ðproof€of€the€commission€of€prior€offenses€while€on€bond,€is€more€than€enough€to€warrant€applicationÐ L œ Ðof€enhancement€factor€(8).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ealeyóó,€959€S.W.2d€605,€613€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àLastly,€the€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factor€(13),€finding€that€the€appellantÐ  ` Ðcommitted€the€instant€offense€ð ðwhile€on€any€of€the€following€forms€of€release€status€if€such€releaseÐ ü L  Ðis€from€a€prior€felony€conviction:€.€.€.€(E)€[a]ny€other€type€of€release€into€the€community€under€theÐ è 8  Ðdirect€or€indirect€supervision€of€the€department€of€correction€or€local€governmental€authority.ðð€€Tenn.Ð Ô$  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(13).€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€appellant€admitted€that€he€committedÐ À  Ðthe€instant€offense€while€he€was€serving€a€community€corrections€sentence€for€the€felony€offense€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðdriving€while€an€habitual€motor€vehicle€offender.€€As€we€earlier€stated,€factor€(13)€is€a€properÐ ˜è  Ðenhancement€factor€for€the€trial€court€to€consider€in€enhancing€the€appellantððs€sentence€based€uponÐ „Ô  Ðsuch€proof.€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€correctly€applied€enhancement€factor€(13)€to€theÐ pÀ Ðappellant.€€òòÔ#†XXyXXXXy`#ÔCf.óó€òòState€v.€Mark€Critesóó,€No.€01C01„9711„CR„00512,€1999€WL€61053,€at€*5€(Tenn.Ð \¬ ÐCrim.€App.€at€Nashville,€February€9,€1999).Ô‡XXyXXXXyÔÐ H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€found€that€no€mitigating€factors€were€applicable€to€the€appellant.€Ð  p ÐHowever,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€finding€the€presence€of€the€followingÐ  \ Ðmitigating€factors:€(1)€the€defendantððs€criminal€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodilyÐ øH Ðinjury;€(3)€substantial€grounds€exist€tending€to€excuse€or€justify€the€defendantððs€criminal€conduct,Ð ä4 Ðthough€failing€to€establish€a€defense;€(4)€the€defendant€played€a€minor€role€in€the€commission€of€theÐ Ð  Ðoffense;€and€(11)€the€defendant,€although€guilty€of€the€crime,€committed€the€offense€under€suchÐ ¼  Ðunusual€circumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€thatÐ ¨ø Ðcriminal€conduct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1),€(3),€(4),€and€(11)€(1997).€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€appellant€has€made€no€argument€as€to€how€mitigating€factor€(3)€applies€to€theÐ l¼ Ðappellantððs€conduct€in€this€case,€and€we€conclude€that€it€does€not€apply.€€Therefore,€we€agree€withÐ X ¨ Ðthe€State€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€failing€to€find€the€existence€of€mitigating€factor€(3).€Ð D!” ÐAdditionally,€at€the€appellantððs€sentencing€hearing€the€appellant€argued,€in€support€of€mitigatingÐ 0"€  Ðfactors€(4)€and€(11),€that€the€evidence€clearly€showed€that€the€drug€dealer€in€this€case€was€ChrisÐ #l! ÐJohnson€and€that€the€appellant€was€merely€accompanying€him.€€We€disagree.€€The€testimony€ofÐ $X" Ðconfidential€informant€Tracey€Johnson€reveals€that€she€called€the€appellant€to€arrange€a€drugÐ ô$D # Ðpurchase,€later€met€the€appellant€at€the€tobacco€store,€and€bought€forty€dollars€($40)€worth€of€crackÐ à%0!$ Ðcocaine€from€the€appellant.€€We€conclude€that€neither€mitigating€factor€(4)€nor€mitigating€factor€(11)Ð Ì&"% Ðapply€to€the€appellant.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Thomas€Gardneróó,€No.€01C01„9302„CR„00060,€1993€WLÐ ¸'#& Ð311539,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€August€12,€1993).€€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€appellant€further€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€find€that€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðappellantððs€ð ðcriminal€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð h+¸&* Ððð€40„35„113(1).€€The€application€of€mitigating€factor€(1)€in€cases€involving€cocaine€has€been€an€issueÐ ° Ðof€some€debate€in€our€appellate€courts.€€Recognizing€this€controversy,€our€supreme€court€recentlyÐ œì Ðð ðreject[ed]€a€òòper€se€óóexclusion€of€this€mitigating€factor€in€cocaine€òòpossessionóó€cases.ðð€€òòState€v.€PeterÐ ˆØ ÐAllen€Rossóó,€No.€W1999„00972„SC„R11„CD,€2001€WL€760100,€at€*12€(Tenn.€at€Jackson,€July€9,Ð tÄ Ð2001)€(publication€pending)€(emphasis€added).Ô#†XXyXXXXyÀf#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€€However,€the€court€also€stated€that€if€€Ð `° Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àthe€appellant€actually€òòsold€or€attempted€to€sellóó€the€drug€at€the€time€ofÐ L œ Ðthe€offense€.€.€.€then€the€dangerous€nature€of€the€drug,€combined€withÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€dangerous€nature€of€many€drug€transactions,€may€.€.€.€indeedÐ $ t Ðsupport[]€the€trial€courtððs€rejection€of€this€factor€as€constituting€aÐ  ` Ðthreat€of€serious€bodily€injury.€€Ðü L ` x` x ÐòòÔ#†XXyXXXXy s#ÔId.óóÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ€at€*11€(emphasis€added).€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àTurning€to€cases€from€this€court€for€further€guidance,€we€note€that,€in€many€of€theÐ À  Ðcases€rejecting€the€application€of€mitigating€factor€(1)€to€the€sale€of€cocaine,€this€court€has€placedÐ ¬ü  Ðheavy€emphasis€upon€the€large€amount€of€cocaine€sold€by€a€defendant.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Roger€D.€Pulleyóó,Ð ˜è  ÐNo.€01C01„9501„CC„00013,€1995€WL€555060,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€September€20,Ð „Ô  Ð1995);€€òòJohnny€Arwood€v.€Stateóó,€No.€335,€1991€WL€73957,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,Ð pÀ ÐMay€9,€1991)Ô#†XXyXXXXyfu#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ.€€However,€in€the€instant€case,€the€appellant€was€convicted€of€selling€.2€grams€of€crackÐ \¬ Ðcocaine,€a€relatively€small€amount.€€Therefore,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€should€have€appliedÐ H˜ Ðmitigating€factor€(1)€in€determining€the€appellantððs€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Michael€Dean€Tateóó,€No.Ð 4„ Ð03C01„9712„CR„00553,€1999€WL€39024,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€January€28,€1999);Ð  p ÐòòState€v.€Johnny€Ray€Christmanóó,€No.€01C01„9211„CC„00361,€1993€WL€335420,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð  \ ÐApp.€at€Nashville,€September,€2,€1993).€€Regardless,€we€also€determine€that€this€mitigating€factorÐ øH Ðis€entitled€to€little€weight.€€òòSeeóó€òòBakeróó,€No.€01C01„9711„CC„00537,€1999€WL€191584,€at€*3.Ô#†XXyXXXXyMx#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔÐ ä4 ÐConsidering€the€number€and€strength€of€the€enhancement€factors,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€courtÐ Ð  Ðcorrectly€sentenced€the€appellant€to€ten€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€ofÐ ¼  ÐCorrection.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà@êê$ìà2.€€ProbationˆÐ €Ð Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€should€have€granted€him€probation.€Ð l¼ ÐGenerally,€an€appellant€is€eligible€for€probation€if€the€sentence€actually€imposed€is€eight€years€or€less.€Ð X ¨ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(a)€(1997).€€Because€we€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€a€ten€yearÐ D!” Ðsentence€of€incarceration€is€appropriate,€the€appellant€is€therefore€ineligible€for€probation.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÐ 0"€  Ðv.€Smithóó,€910€S.W.2d€457,€462€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ô#†XXyXXXXy»{#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔÐ #l! ÐÌà@­­ìà3.€€Consecutive€SentencingˆÐ ô$D # Ðà  àà ` àLastly,€the€appellant€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him€to€serveÐ à%0!$ Ðthis€sentence€consecutive€to€a€sentence€for€aggravated€perjury.€€Ô#†XXyXXXXy£#ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)Ð Ì&"% Ð(1997)€provides€that€a€trial€court€may€impose€consecutive€sentencing€if€the€appellant€meets€one€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€criteria€contained€therein.€€Moreover,€if€the€trial€court€classifies€the€appellant€as€a€dangerousÐ ¤(ô#' Ðoffender,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4),€the€court€must€also€find€that€the€sentenceÐ )à$( Ðreasonably€relates€to€the€severity€of€the€appellantððs€offenses€and€that€confinement€is€necessary€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðprotect€society€from€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€appellant.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Laneóó,€3€S.W.3d€456,Ð h+¸&* Ð460„61€(Tenn.€1999);òòóó€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.€1995).Ô‡XXyXXXXyÔ€€Ô#†XXyXXXXyóƒ#ÔHowever,€contraryÐ ° Ðto€the€appellantððs€argument,€because€the€trial€court€did€not€find€that€the€appellant€was€a€dangerousÐ œì Ðoffender,€the€trial€court€was€not€obligated€to€apply€the€òòWilkersonóó€factors.€€òòLaneóó,€3€S.W.3d€at€460„61.Ô‡XXyXXXXyÔÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentencing€because€the€appellant€ð ðis€an€offenderÐ `° Ðwhose€record€of€criminal€activity€is€extensive.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2).€€This€court€hasÐ L œ Ðpreviously€found€that€ð ð[e]xtensive€criminal€history€alone€will€support€consecutive€sentencing.ðð€€òòStateÐ 8 ˆ Ðv.€Adamsóó,€973€S.W.2d€224,€231€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€The€pre„sentence€report€reflects,€and€theÐ $ t Ðappellant€admits,€that€his€criminal€record€consists€of€two€prior€felony€convictions€and€thirteenÐ  ` Ðmisdemeanor€convictions.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€545€(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.€ReginaldÐ ü L  ÐTyrone€Donnellóó,€No.€M1999„02184„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1763685,€at€*14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÐ è 8  ÐNashville,€November€30,€2000);€òòState€v.€Danny€Ray€Trullóó,€No.€M1999„00036„CCA„R3„CD,€2000Ð Ô$  ÐWL€337592,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€March€31,€2000).€€We€conclude€that,€with€thisÐ À  Ðhistory,€the€appellant€qualifies€for€consecutive€sentencing€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2)Ô#†XXyXXXXyK…#ÔÔ‡XXyXXXXyÔ.€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà@MM"ìàòòò òIII.€€Conclusionó óóóˆÐ „Ô  Ðà  àà ` àFinding€no€reversible€error,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àà ` àÌÔ#†XXyXXXXyYŠ#Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àÌÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGE