ÿWPCl  V ŒÊ—Pt‡FÖk©M]èUð¡@Ö]Í[tœ¦,ë©Q¥½”³UïæCYß ‰UtnÌ}ÂhIVÎuŸ$¥­ÒÔz›ºk—á?A³›&Žò}gý¨$¿.K±ÉWzVÂ)Ø`•Øã@V+dQ‹ž-Mjm=‹gí)`ê:~šy朜9޹êÊõ«fþjé3[T|üVÑL¦þÈõ06 §ãê1Ös_K*DS²JÐÆ:Û¿ñ%¨ÕØ!«74§º®µ õ+ý+›”_>­ñEaý2‚:~ õÅmZĶYµ_Üû½·oŠ:È„@Ñ¿´xôØÂ·öÎÿÔ R cØ@á]ãŽ@hF±6‹‚1Ì¤Í éü íã|qÇcõ2 ŽðL×{ÙPy^bç3ÙhdÄU½¦Ê!@ãÄ„è>³½0¿gºA4°òáz¢¿KÈ¡=jPíç+øæ$$Ï›cM„xçÉ‚KÙ´Œ”jw…DÍÆ‰òõM6~Q¬#Þ]âHAn&,Ìæ—ýéðX-¹ÇJm§äêm^™YÌ)Ŭ?>>CÇÓ¢êIaØÝ:}Þf[‹ž±ü‘ÑXÜ8•‘© q¤Ú` Ë2b %\^ b 0ˆnUNöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÉÐ U@™ ÆÙ ÆŸ ÆeÆ+UNñN? 1uA 72¶Eèèêêêê 1ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒb____________________________________ 0ëgggg BRR 0¤o D5 D-H 0Kuu ASÀÆ 0¤Ù 0D} A«Á»‚›71Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular ~‰/ê:i¢×+003|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)  JuniGanguliWaldmanWeirichDistictNarvinMapcoElkinstriersTuggleAdkissonArsdall(÷ CEMU]emu}AutoList3(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)- ù-(|G2á$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Üñ»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôîDò»»Ô d(|3xÈ$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Üñ»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3xÈ$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Üñ»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Üñ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Üñ»»»ÔÑ8€‚çXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡î*†î»¼ÜñÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼Üñ»îî*† #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€July€13,€2004Ð öF ÐÔ‡X‚çX»¼ÜñÔÌò òÔ#†¼Üñ»XX‚ç#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€NOVELLA€BEARDòòóóÔ‡X‚çX»¼ÜñÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€02„4729€€€€€€Chris€Craft,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2003„01646„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€September€22,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Novella€Beard,€appeals€from€a€conviction€for€aggravated€robbery€on€the€basis€ofÐ V¦  Ðinsufficiency€of€the€evidence€and€alleged€error€concerning€jurorsðð€questions€of€witnesses.€€We€findÐ ? Ðno€reversible€error€and€affirm€the€conviction.€€Ð (x ÐÓ¶ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ úJ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Üñ»àX‚ç‘#ÔÔ‡X‚çX.¼ÜñÔJohn€Everett€Williams,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòNorma€McGee€Ogleóó€andÐ Í ÐòòAlan€E.€Glenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ¶ ÐÌJuni€Ganguli€and€Charles€E.€Waldman,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Novella€Beard.Ð ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Thomas€E.€Williams,€III,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ Zª ÐGeneral;€William€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€David€Ô_ÔPritchardÔ_Ô€and€Amy€Weirich,Ð C“ ÐAssistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ,| ÐÓsÓÌÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Üñ»XX‚ç¢#ÔÔ‡X‚çX»¼ÜñÔÐ ç 7  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼Üñ»XX‚ç— #ÔÔ€X‚çX»¼ÜñÔÓ  ÓÓ XÓà@ÚÚìàThe€defendant,€Novella€Beard,€along€with€a€co„defendant,€Finis€Rodgers,€was€indicted€forˆÐ º" " Ðaggravated€robbery.€€A€jury€convicted€both€defendants€of€the€indicted€charge.€€The€defendant,Ð £#ó# ÐNovella€Beard,€€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€I€offender€to€eleven€years.€€The€defendant€now€appealsÐ Œ$Ü$ Ðher€conviction€on€the€grounds€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€the€conviction€and€thatÐ u%Å % Ðthe€trial€court€failed€to€follow€statutory€procedures€concerning€questions€by€jurors€to€witnesses.Ð ^&®!& ÐÐ G'—"' Ðò òÓ  ÓÓ XÓFactual€BackgroundÐ 0(€#( ÐÓ› ÓÓ X§ ÓÐ )j$) Ðó óThis€case€concerns€a€car„jacking€and€robbery€at€gunpoint€in€Memphis€on€October€29,€2001.€Ð *T%* ÐNarvin€Gray,€the€victim,€testified€at€trial€to€the€only€firsthand€account€of€the€robbery.ò òÐ í*=&+ ÐÐ Ö+&', Ðó óThe€victim€stated€he€had€known€Rodgers,€the€co„defendant,€from€Rodgers€frequenting€theÐ À,(- ÐMapco€store€where€the€victim€worked.€€The€victim€had€in€the€past€done€small€favors€for€RodgersÐ ©-ù(.ý Ðsuch€as€providing€him€rides€on€several€occasions€and€buying€him€cigarettes.€€On€October€29th,Ð ° ÐRodgers€called€the€victim€to€request€a€ride€from€his€girlfriendððs€house€in€south€Memphis.€€When€theÐ ™é Ðvictim€picked€Rodgers€up,€the€defendant€wanted€a€ride€to€her€cousinððs€house.€€The€victim€did€notÐ ‚Ò Ðknow€the€defendant.€€The€victim€agreed€and€drove€in€accordance€with€directions€given€by€the€co„Ð k» Ðdefendants.€€While€waiting€at€a€train€crossing,€Rodgers€asked€the€victim€to€get€out€of€the€car€toÐ T¤ Ðð ðtalk.ðð€€The€victim€declined,€and€they€continued€on€until€the€victim€was€told€to€stop€at€a€house.€€TheÐ =  Ðdefendant€got€out,€knocked€at€the€door€and,€upon€receiving€no€response,€went€to€a€side€window€andÐ & v Ðknocked.€€When€she€returned€to€the€car,€she€used€the€victimððs€cell€phone€to€place€a€call.€€She€thenÐ  _ Ðsaid€her€cousin€was€not€at€home.€€The€victim€became€upset€and€insisted€that€the€co„defendants€tellÐ ø H Ðhim€where€they€wanted€to€be€taken.€€The€victimððs€cell€phone€was€on€the€right€front€passenger€sideÐ á 1  Ðof€the€car,€beside€the€defendant.€€The€victim€asked€the€defendant€to€hand€him€the€phone,€and€she€toldÐ Ê   Ðhim€to€ð ðget€it€yourself.ðð€€After€the€defendant€repeatedly€refused€to€give€the€victim€the€cell€phone,Ð ³  Ðhe€stopped€the€vehicle€and€told€them,€ð ðyou€have€to€get€out€of€my€car.ðð€€Rodgers€was€seated€in€theÐ œì  Ðmiddle€of€the€backseat.€€Rodgers€drew€a€handgun€and€put€it€to€the€victimððs€head.€€Rodgers€demandedÐ …Õ  Ðthat€the€victim€empty€his€pockets€and€hand€over€his€money,€ATM€card,€and€PIN€number.€€When€theÐ n¾  Ðvictim€looked€back€toward€Rodgers,€Rodgers€grabbed€the€victim€by€the€hood€of€his€sweatshirt€andÐ W§  Ðtold€him€that€he€would€blow€his€brains€out€unless€he€surrendered€the€items€demanded.€€The€victimÐ @ Ðsaw€the€gun€but€could€only€identify€it€as€a€black€handgun.€€As€the€victim€emptied€his€pockets,€theÐ )y Ðdefendant€picked€up€the€cash€and€ATM€card.€€The€victimððs€wallet€was€in€the€trunk€of€the€vehicle.€Ð b ÐRodgers€told€the€victim€to€get€out€of€the€vehicle.€€The€defendant€told€the€victim,€ð ðwell€if€you€canððtÐ ûK Ðget€out€of€the€car,€let€me€get€my€gun.ðð€€The€victim€stepped€out€with€Rodgers€behind€him.€€WhenÐ ä4 ÐRodgers€pointed€the€gun,€the€victim€ran€toward€a€nearby€house.€€When€he€turned,€he€saw€theÐ Í Ðdefendant€driving€and€Rodgers€in€the€front€passenger€seat€as€they€left€in€the€victimððs€car.€€The€victimÐ ¶ Ðreported€the€events€through€an€unopened€door€of€the€house,€and€the€occupant€summoned€the€police.€Ð Ÿï ÐThe€victim€waited€behind€a€bush,€fearing€that€the€co„defendants€would€return.Ð ˆØ ÐÐ qÁ ÐIn€the€course€of€the€police€investigation,€the€victim€identified€both€defendants€inÐ Zª Ðphotographic€lineups.€€Officers€from€the€crime€scene€unit€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€wereÐ C“ Ðable€to€find€two€prints€on€the€recovered€vehicle€that€matched€the€defendant,€Novella€Beard.€€OneÐ ,| Ðprint€was€on€the€front€interior€passenger€window€and€the€other€was€on€the€outside€of€that€window.Ð e ÐÐ þN Ðò òÓ XÓÓ  ÓSufficiencyÐ ç 7 ÐÓ™ÓÓ X‹ÓÐ Ñ!!  Ðó óThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€her€conviction€forÐ »" ! Ðaggravated€robbery.€€The€State€argues€to€the€contrary.Ð ¤#ô" ÐÐ $Ý# ÐÔ‡ X©Å XXX‚çÔWhere€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€for€an€appellate€courtÐ v%Æ $ Ðis€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rationalÐ _&¯!% Ðtrier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€or€crimes€beyond€a€reasonableÐ H'˜"& Ðdoubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ð 1(#' ÐEd.€2d€560€(1979);€òòState€v.€Elkinsóó,€102€S.W.3d€578,€581€(Tenn.€2003).Ô#†X‚çX X X©ÅË#ÔÔ‡ X©Å XXX‚çÔòòóó€€The€weight€and€credibilityÐ )j$( Ðof€the€witnessesðð€testimony€are€matters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€triers€of€fact.€€òòStateÐ *S%) Ðv.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,€19€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ì*<&* ÐApp.€1996).Ô#†X‚çX X X©Å5 #ÔÐ Õ+%'+ ЇThis€Court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidenceÐ ° Ðcontained€in€the€record,€as€well€as€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€Ð ™é ÐòòState€v.€Elkinsóó,€102€S.W.3d€578,€581€(Tenn.€2003).€€The€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€Court€ofÐ ‚Ò Ðillustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòStateÐ k» Ðv.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ð T¤ ÐÐ =  ÐRobbery€is€the€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€from€another€by€violence€or€puttingÐ & v Ðthe€person€in€fear.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„401.€€Aggravated€robbery€is€robbery€accomplished€byÐ  _ Ðuse€of€a€deadly€weapon€or€by€display€of€an€article€fashioned€to€lead€a€victim€to€reasonably€believeÐ ø H Ðit€to€be€a€deadly€weapon.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„402.Ð á 1  ÐÐ Ê   ÐA€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€an€offense€committed€by€the€conduct€of€another€ifÐ ³  Ðacting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€of€the€offense€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€Ð œì  Ðor€results€of€the€offense,€the€person€solicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commitÐ …Õ  Ðthe€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402(2).Ð n¾  ÐÐ W§  ÐThe€victimððs€uncontradicted€testimony€directly€implicated€the€defendant€as€a€participant€inÐ @ Ðthis€aggravated€robbery.€€The€defendant€refused€the€victimððs€request€for€his€cell€phone,€threatenedÐ )y Ðhim€with€the€use€of€a€gun,€gathered€up€the€items€he€surrendered,€and€drove€the€defendantððs€vehicleÐ b Ðaway.€€The€defendant€was€identified€by€the€victim€in€photographic€lineups,€and€her€fingerprints€wereÐ ûK Ðpositively€identified€on€the€stolen€vehicle€after€its€recovery.Ð ä4 ÐÐ Í ÐWe€conclude€that€the€jury€had€ample€evidence€of€the€defendantððs€active€involvement€toÐ ¶ Ðsupport€her€conviction€of€aggravated€robbery.Ð Ÿï ÐÐ ˆØ Ðò òÓ XÓÓ  ÓÔ_ÔJurorsððÔ_Ô€QuestionsÐ qÁ ÐÓª*ÓÓ Xœ*ÓÐ [« Ðó óThe€defendant€asserts€on€appeal€that€the€trial€courtððs€method€of€handling€three€questionsÐ E• Ðposed€by€jurors€was€error€of€a€constitutional€magnitude.€€We€note€that€there€was€noÐ .~ Ðcontemporaneous€objection€made€at€trial€nor€was€the€issue€raised€in€the€defendantððs€motion€for€aÐ g Ðnew€trial.€€Ô‡X©Å XXX‚çÔBy€failing€to€make€a€contemporaneous€objection€to€testimony,€a€defendant€waivesÐ  P Ðappellate€consideration€of€the€issue.€€òòState€v.€Adleróó,€71€S.W.3d€299,€302€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2001);Ð é 9 ÐòòState€v.€Thompsonóó,€36€S.W.3d€102,€108€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€€Ô#†X‚çX XX©Å–,#ÔFailureò ò€ó óto€include€an€issue€in€theÐ Ò!"  Ðmotion€for€new€trial€results€in€waiver€of€the€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Walkeróó,€910Ð ¾"! ÐS.W.2d€381,€386€(Tenn.€1995).Ð §#÷" ÐÐ $à# ÐÔ‡ X©Å XXX‚çÔAn€error€which€has€affected€the€substantial€right€of€a€defendant€may€be€noticed€at€any€timeÐ y%É $ Ðin€the€discretion€of€the€appellate€court€where€necessary€to€do€substantial€justice.€€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€992Ð b&²!% ÐS.W.2d€941,€944€(Tenn.€1999).€€ð ðPlain€errorðð€or€ð ðfundamental€errorðð€is€recognized€under€Tenn.€R.Ð K'›"& ÐCrim.€P.€52(b).€€òòState€v.€Adkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€626,€639€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€òòóóSome€errors€areÐ 4(„#' Ðso€fundamental€and€pervasive€that€they€require€reversal€without€regard€to€the€facts€or€circumstancesÐ )m$( Ðof€the€particular€case.€€òòDelaware€v.€Van€Arsdallóó,€475€U.S.€673,€681,€106€S.€Ct.€1431,€1436,€89€L.€Ed.Ð *V%) Ð2d€674€(1986).€€Ð ï*?&* ÐÐ Ø+('+ ÐThere€are€five€factors€which€must€be€present€for€a€court€to€determine€ð ðplain€errorðð€exists:Ð ° ÐÓ€ (÷ 83Ó(a)€€the€record€must€clearly€establish€what€occurred€in€the€trial€court;€Ð ™é Ð(b)€€a€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€must€have€been€breached;€Ð ‚Ò Ð(c)€€a€substantial€right€of€the€accused€must€have€been€adversely€affected;€Ð k» Ð(d)€€the€accused€did€not€waive€the€issue€for€tactical€reasons;€and€Ð T¤ Ð(e)€€consideration€of€the€error€is€ð ðnecessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ðð€Ð =  ÐòòÓ XÓState€v.€Smithóó,€24€S.W.3d€274,€282€(Tenn.€2000)€(citing€òòAdkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€641„42).€Ð & v ÐComplete€consideration€of€all€five€factors€is€unnecessary€if€at€least€one€is€absent.€€òòId.óó€at€283.€Ð  _ ÐFurthermore,€the€plain€error€must€be€such€that€it€probably€changed€the€outcome€of€the€trial.€Ð ø H ÐòòAdkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€642.Ô#†X‚çX X X©Å /#Ôò òÐ á 1  ÐÓ X5ÓÐ Ê   Ðó óIn€this€case,€a€juror€asked€how€the€defendantððs€fingerprint€sample€had€become€available€forÐ ´  Ðpolice€comparison.€€The€trial€judge€answered,€showing€that€fingerprints€become€available€from€aÐ í  Ðwide€range€of€sources,€and€diplomatically€illustrated€the€irrelevance€of€the€source.Ð †Ö  ÐÐ o¿  ÐThe€same€juror€questioned€how€the€victim€obtained€entry€to€his€house€after€his€key€ring€wasÐ X¨  Ðtaken.€€Another€juror€questioned€whether€the€victimððs€ATM€card€was€used€after€the€theft.€€CounselÐ A‘ Ðfor€co„defendant€Rodgers€objected€to€the€second€question€on€the€basis€of€the€best€evidence€rule€butÐ *z Ðcounsel€for€Beard€did€not€object.€€The€victim€was€allowed€to€testify€as€to€both€questions€after€beingÐ c Ðrecalled€by€the€State.€€None€of€this€testimony€added€any€substantial€evidence€relevant€to€the€issuesÐ üL Ðnor€was€it€prejudicial€in€its€effect.Ð å5 ÐÐ Î ÐAlthough€the€trial€court€did€not€strictly€comply€with€the€method€prescribed€for€handlingÐ · Ðjurorsðð€questions€in€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€24.1(c),€the€defendant€has€notÐ  ð Ðdemonstrated€prejudice.€€We€do€not€believe€the€defendant€has€shown€that€a€substantial€right€wasÐ ‰Ù Ðadversely€affected.€€Therefore,€we€decline€to€recognize€plain€error€in€this€procedural€lapse.Ð r ÐÐ [« ÐAfter€a€review€of€the€record€as€a€whole€and€having€found€no€reversible€error,€we€affirm€theÐ D” Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð -} ÐÐ f ÐÐ ÿO ÐÐ è 8 ÐÐ Ñ!!  ÐÐ º" ! Ðà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#à______________________________У#ó"p(#p(# Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJOHN€EVERETT€WILLIAMS,€JUDGE