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ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Clinton€J.€Morgan,€Counsel€for€the€State;€JerryŠ –#ę" ŠN.€Ō_ŌEstesŌ_Ō,€District€Attorney€General;€Richard€Carson€Newman,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General;Š †$Ö# Šand€Jon€Ō_ŌChalmersŌ_Ō€Thompson,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€ofŠ v%Ę $ ŠTennessee.Š f&¶!% ŠÓˆ ÓĢą@@OO&ģąņ ņOPINIONó óŌ#†¼»¤»XX¢ƒ· #ŌŠ F(–#' ŠÓ  ÓŌ€X¢ƒX»¼»¤ŌĢą ½ ąThe€defendant,€Randall€E.€Best,€appeals€as€of€right€his€convictions€by€a€jury€in€the€MonroeŠ &*v%) ŠCounty€Criminal€Court€for€first€degree€murder€and€especially€aggravated€burglary.€€The€defendantŠ +f&* Šreceived€a€sentence€of€life€without€parole€on€the€murder€count.€€He€does€not€challenge€his€especiallyŠ ,V'+ Šaggravated€burglary€conviction€in€this€appeal.€€The€defendant€contends:€€(1)€that€the€evidence€isŠ ö,F(, Šinsufficient€to€show€premeditation€and€deliberation,€(2)€that€the€trial€court€should€not€have€admittedŠ ę-6)-żĀ Šcertain€photographs€of€the€victim€in€the€sentencing€phase,€and€(3)€that€the€felony€murder€aggravatingŠ ° Šcircumstance€does€not€sufficiently€narrow€the€class€of€death„eligible€offenders€when€the€jury€convicts€Š  š Šthe€defendant€of€premeditated€murder€and€felony€murder€alternatively.€€We€affirm€the€trial€courtššsŠ ą Šjudgment€of€conviction.Š €Š ŠĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€especially€aggravated€burglary,€premeditated€and€intentionalŠ ` ° Šmurder,€and€felony€murder€for€the€November€1996€beating€and€subsequent€death€of€eighty„seven„Š P   Šyear„old€Ben€Ray.€€The€defendantššs€ex„wife,€Brenda€Best,€was€charged€with€aggravated€burglary€and€Š @  Šseparate€counts€of€premeditated€and€felony€murder€relating€to€the€victimššs€death.€€The€trial€courtŠ 0 € Šallowed€her€to€sever€her€case€from€that€of€the€defendant,€and€she€invoked€her€Fifth€Amendment€rightŠ  p  Šnot€to€incriminate€herself€when€called€to€testify€at€the€defendantššs€trial.Š `  ŠĢą ½ ąFrank€Ray,€son€of€the€victim,€testified€as€follows:€€At€1:14€a.m.€on€November€13,€1996,€theŠ š@  Štelephone€rang€in€his€Knoxville€home,€and€his€fatherššs€telephone€number€appeared€on€the€callerŠ ą0  Šidentification€box.€€His€fatherššs€telephone€was€programmed€to€allow€his€father€to€push€one€button€toŠ Š  Šcall€any€of€his€seven€children,€and€the€first€button€dialed€Mr.€Rayššs€phone€number.€€€Mr.€RayŠ Ą Šanswered€the€telephone,€heard€silence€on€the€line€for€three€or€four€minutes,€and€then€faintly€heard€hisŠ ° Šfather€saying,€š šCome€here,€come€here,€come€here.šš€€Mr.€Ray€immediately€called€Jo€and€Len€Peterson,Š  š Šhis€sister€and€brother„in„law,€who€live€near€his€father€in€Vonore,€Tennessee.€€The€Ō_ŌPetersonsŌ_Ō€said€theyŠ ą Šwould€check€on€his€father.€€Š €Š Šą ½ ąĢą ½ ąLeonard€Peterson,€the€victimššs€son„in„law,€testified€as€follows:€€He€and€his€wife,€JoAnn,€lived€Š `° Šone„half€mile€from€the€victim.€€In€November€1996,€the€victim€was€eighty„seven€years€old€and€hadŠ P  Šlived€alone€since€his€wife€died€one€and€one„half€years€earlier.€€Mr.€and€Mrs.€Petersen€checked€on€theŠ @ Švictim€everyday,€brought€him€his€meals,€and€made€sure€he€took€his€medicine.€€The€Petersens€receivedŠ 0€ Ša€telephone€call€at€1:18€a.m.€on€November€13,€1996,€and€they€immediately€dressed€and€drove€to€theŠ  p Švictimššs€house.€€The€rear€storm€door€was€locked,€but€the€inside€door€was€standing€open.€€Mr.€PetersenŠ ` Šknocked€repeatedly,€but€no€one€answered.€€He€pulled€the€storm€door€off€its€hinges,€and€he€and€Mrs.Š P ŠPetersen€went€into€the€victimššs€house.€€He€saw€blood€on€the€victimššs€bed€and€on€the€floor€in€theŠ š@ Šhallway.€€They€found€the€victim€on€the€floor€in€the€guest€bedroom,€curled€into€a€fetal€position€andŠ ą0 Šmoaning,€š šHelp€me.šš€€Blood€was€on€the€door€and€the€floor.€€Mr.€Petersen€called€9„1„1,€and€the€policeŠ Š  Šarrived€within€four€minutes.€€The€front€and€side€doors€to€the€house€were€locked€with€a€chair€proppedŠ Ą! Šunderneath€each€of€them.€€The€center€window€on€the€back€of€the€house€appeared€to€have€beenŠ °"  Šdisturbed,€and€the€screen€was€damaged.Š  #š! ŠĢą ½ ąThe€testimony€of€JoAnn€Peterson,€the€victimššs€daughter,€was€essentially€the€same€as€that€ofŠ €%Š # Šher€husband.€€She€said€that€she€noticed€a€bloodstain€in€the€shape€of€a€footprint€in€the€hall.€€She€saidŠ p&Ą!$ Šthat€when€she€entered€the€guest€bedroom,€she€noticed€that€a€drawer€had€been€emptied€onto€the€bedŠ `'°"% Šand€a€lamp€had€been€knocked€off€the€linen€cabinet.€€She€said€that€the€victim€had€blood€on€his€hair€and€Š P( #& Šforehead€and€swelling€over€his€left€eye.€€She€said€that€the€victim€was€fully€dressed€except€for€shoes,Š @)$' Šnoting€that€the€victim€sometimes€slept€in€his€clothes.€€She€said€that€the€screen€on€the€back€windowŠ 0*€%( Šand€the€table€under€the€window€were€broken.€€She€said€that€the€victim€was€taken€to€the€hospital€andŠ  +p&) Šdied€two€days€later.€€€Š ,`'* Їą ½ ąMrs.€Peterson€testified€that€the€victim€was€wearing€his€watch€and€ring.€€She€said€that€theŠ ° Šemergency€personnel€gave€her€the€victimššs€wallet€and€keys.€€She€stated€that€the€wallet€contained€moreŠ  š Šthan€four€hundred€dollars€and€that€the€hospital€personnel€found€nine€hundred€dollars€in€the€victimššsŠ ą Šshirt€pocket.€€She€said€that€the€victim€normally€hid€large€amounts€of€money€around€his€house,€but€sheŠ €Š Šhad€no€personal€knowledge€that€anything€had€been€taken€from€the€house.Š pĄ ŠĢą ½ ąJeff€Lashley€testified€as€follows:€€In€November€1996,€he€was€the€chief€of€the€Vonore€PoliceŠ P   ŠDepartment€and€was€called€to€the€victimššs€home.€€He€saw€a€large€amount€of€blood€on€the€walls€in€theŠ @  Šhall€separating€the€two€bedrooms€and€what€appeared€to€be€a€trail€of€blood€leading€to€the€spareŠ 0 € Šbedroom.€€The€victim€had€blood€on€his€face,€hands,€and€body;€severe€facial€and€head€trauma;€andŠ  p  Šdefensive€wounds€on€his€hands€and€arms.€€The€victim€was€wearing€slacks,€a€t„shirt,€a€flannel€shirt,Š `  Šand€a€sweater.€€He€asked€the€victim€if€he€knew€who€did€this€to€him,€and€the€victim€said,€š šHelp€me;Š P  Šhelp€me;€just€kill€me;€help€me.šš€€The€screen€in€the€rear€window€appeared€to€have€been€pulled€out,€andŠ š@  Šhe€found€pry€marks€on€the€bottom€of€the€window€sill.€€The€furniture€near€the€rear€window€wasŠ ą0  Šknocked€over€as€though€someone€had€crawled€through€the€window.€€Later€that€morning,€he€noticedŠ Š  Šbroken€blocks€in€the€retaining€wall€outside€the€victimššs€house.Š Ą ŠĢ€ą ½ ąRudy€Trejo,€an€ambulance€service€employee,€testified€as€follows:€€He€arrived€at€the€victimššsŠ  š Šhome€at€approximately€1:30€a.m.€€He€saw€blood€on€the€floor€and€on€the€lower€three€feet€of€the€walls.€Š ą ŠThe€victim€was€in€shock€and€was€babbling.€€The€victim€had€blood€on€his€hair€and€face,€and€his€eyeŠ €Š Šwas€lacerated€and€swollen.€€He€tried€to€calm€the€victim€and€drove€him€to€Sweetwater€Hospital.Š pĄ ŠĢą ½ ąMike€Blankenship,€another€ambulance€service€employee,€testified€as€follows:€€The€victim€hadŠ P  Šbeen€hit€in€the€face€with€a€blunt€object.€€The€victimššs€nose€was€broken€and€bleeding,€and€his€left€eyeŠ @ Šwas€swollen€shut.€€The€victim€had€lacerations€above€his€right€eye;€marks€on€his€right€cheek,€face,€andŠ 0€ Šlips;€and€torn€skin€on€his€arms€as€if€he€had€been€struggling€or€rolling.€The€victim€was€wearing€severalŠ  p Šlayers€of€clothing.Š ` ŠĢą ½ ąLisa€Scruggs€testified€that€she€treated€the€victim€at€the€hospital€on€November€13th€andŠ š@ Šoverheard€the€victim€say€to€his€son,€š šGet€her€off€me.šš€€She€said€that€at€the€time,€she€was€standing€atŠ ą0 Šthe€victimššs€head€and€attending€to€his€injuries.€€The€parties€stipulated€that€two€other€medicalŠ Š  Špersonnel€would€testify€that€they€overheard€this€same€comment.Š Ą! ŠĢą ½ ąJim€Kyle€testified€as€follows:€€In€November€1996,€he€was€a€deputy€sheriff€with€the€MonroeŠ  #š! ŠCounty€Sheriffššs€Department.€€Around€8:15€a.m.€on€November€13,€1996,€he€received€a€dispatchŠ $ą" Šregarding€an€individual€passed€out€in€a€car€and€possibly€intoxicated.€€He€came€upon€the€defendant,Š €%Š # Šwho€was€either€passed€out€or€asleep€in€his€car.€€The€defendant€was€covered€in€what€appeared€to€beŠ p&Ą!$ Šblood€and€smelled€strongly€of€alcohol.€€Deputy€Kyle€administered€several€field€sobriety€tests,€and€theŠ `'°"% Šdefendant€performed€very€poorly.€€He€believed€the€defendant€to€be€intoxicated€and€arrested€him.Š P( #& ŠĢą ½ ąPatrick€Upton€testified€as€follows:€€On€November€13,€1996,€he€was€a€detective€with€theŠ 0*€%( ŠMonroe€County€Sheriffššs€Department€and€knew€the€defendant€both€personally€and€professionally.€Š  +p&) ŠAround€8:00€or€9:00€p.m.€on€the€night€of€the€beating,€the€defendant€drove€to€his€house€and€blew€theŠ ,`'* Šcar€horn.€€He€told€the€defendant€that€he€would€take€care€of€any€business€at€the€sheriffššs€departmentŠ ° Šthe€next€day€but€not€at€his€home,€and€the€defendant€left.€€He€did€not€give€the€defendant€time€to€explainŠ  š Šwhat€he€wanted,€but€he€later€learned€that€the€defendant€wanted€to€discuss€helping€uncover€drugŠ ą Šactivity.€€A€woman€was€with€the€defendant,€and€the€defendant€did€not€appear€to€be€intoxicated.€€TheŠ €Š Šnext€morning,€he€saw€the€defendant€at€the€detectivesšš€office.€€Detective€Upton€identified€a€photographŠ pĄ Šof€the€defendant€taken€that€morning,€showing€a€cut€on€the€defendantššs€left€temple€and€blood€on€theŠ ` ° Šdefendantššs€hands.€€He€swabbed€the€defendantššs€hands€to€collect€a€sample€of€the€blood.Š P   ŠĢą ½ ąShawn€Hughes€testified€as€follows:€€In€November€1996,€he€was€a€crime€scene€technician€andŠ 0 € Špatrolman€with€the€Vonore€Police€Department.€€He€processed€the€defendantššs€car€and€found€damageŠ  p  Što€the€rear€bumper€as€if€someone€had€backed€into€concrete.€€He€recalled€damage€to€the€retaining€wallŠ `  Šat€the€victimššs€house€at€about€the€same€height€as€the€defendantššs€bumper.€€He€found€blood€on€theŠ P  Šinterior€handle€of€the€driverššs€side€door,€the€horn€button€on€the€steering€wheel,€the€kickplate€of€theŠ š@  Šfront€passenger„side€door,€the€passengerššs€armrest€and€doorframe,€and€the€trunk.€€He€recovered€bloodŠ ą0  Šand€fibers€from€the€driverššs„side€floor€mat.€€He€found€a€tire€tool€in€the€front€passenger„sideŠ Š  Šfloorboard.€€He€found€a€prescription€bottle€for€dilantin,€which€contained€fourteen€pills,€and€an€empty€Š Ą Šprescription€bottle€for€phenobarbital.€€He€found€a€package€of€sanitary€napkins€and€panties€on€the€rearŠ ° Šfloorboard.Š  š ŠĢą ½ ąLinda€Littlejohn,€a€forensic€scientist,€testified€that€fibers€on€the€defendantššs€shoes€wereŠ €Š Šconsistent€with€a€throw€rug€from€the€victimššs€house.€€She€said€that€fibers€found€on€the€passenger„sideŠ pĄ Šfloor€mat€in€the€defendantššs€car€were€consistent€with€shag€carpet€from€the€victimššs€house.€€SameraŠ `° ŠZavaro,€from€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€(TBI)€crime€laboratory,€testified€that€the€swabsŠ P  Šof€the€defendantššs€hands,€the€tire€tool,€and€both€of€the€defendantššs€shoes€tested€positive€for€humanŠ @ Šblood.€€Margaret€Bash,€an€expert€in€DNA€analysis,€testified€that€DNA€from€the€blood€found€on€theŠ 0€ Šdefendantššs€hands€matched€the€victimššs€DNA.€€She€said€that€the€odds€of€the€blood€belonging€toŠ  p Šsomeone€other€than€the€victim€were€one€to€twenty„three€million.Š ` Šą ½ ąą  ąĢą ½ ąDr€Charles€Harlan,€a€medical€doctor,€testified€as€follows:€€He€performed€the€autopsy€of€theŠ š@ Švictim.€€He€believed€that€the€victim€received€between€thirty€and€forty€blows.€€The€victim€had€bruisesŠ ą0 Šon€his€chest,€arms,€and€eyes.€€The€victim€sustained€lacerations€on€his€head,€both€eyes,€and€his€hands.€Š Š  ŠThe€injuries€to€the€victimššs€head€were€caused€by€a€hard€linear€object,€such€as€a€tire€tool.€€The€victimššsŠ Ą! Šright€earlobe€was€almost€torn€off,€and€he€sustained€defensive€wounds€to€his€hands.€€The€victimššs€ribsŠ °"  Šwere€fractured,€which€could€have€been€caused€by€a€foot€or€a€shoe.€€€The€victim€suffered€considerableŠ  #š! Šinternal€bleeding€around€his€fractured€ribs.€€The€victim€had€a€pacemaker.€€A€normal€person€wouldŠ $ą" Šhave€felt€considerable€pain€and€would€have€remained€conscious€during€the€beating.€€Death€was€causedŠ €%Š # Šprimarily€by€shock€resulting€from€the€victimššs€injuries,€particularly€the€blunt€trauma€to€the€victimššsŠ p&Ą!$ Šright€chest.Š `'°"% ŠĢą ½ ąTBI€Agent€T.J.€Jordan€testified€that€on€the€evening€of€November€14,€1996,€he€learned€that€theŠ @)$' Šdefendant€wanted€to€make€a€statement.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€signed€the€form€waiving€his€rightsŠ 0*€%( Šat€8:51€p.m.€€He€said€that€he€took€notes€while€interviewing€the€defendant€and€then€wrote€out€aŠ  +p&) Šchronological€statement€from€his€notes.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€reviewed€the€written€statementŠ ,`'* Šand€then€signed€it.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€also€made€an€affidavit€affirming€that€he€had€read€andŠ ° Šunderstood€the€statement€and€that€it€was€true.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€was€very€willing€to€give€theŠ  š Šstatement€and€that€he€was€there€at€the€defendantššs€request.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€seemedŠ ą Šprotective€of€Brenda€Best€in€a€self„serving€way.€€He€said€that€although€the€statement€referred€to€Ms.Š €Š ŠBest€as€the€defendantššs€wife,€they€were€actually€divorced€at€the€time.Š pĄ ŠĢą ½ ąAgent€Jordan€testified€that€it€is€the€TBIššs€policy€to€make€written€rather€than€recordedŠ P   Šstatements.€€He€said€that€he€allowed€Kenny€Hope,€a€jailer,€to€stay€in€the€room€during€the€interviewŠ @  Što€make€the€defendant€feel€more€comfortable.€€He€said€that€unbeknownst€to€him,€Mr.€Hope€was€tapingŠ 0 € Šthe€interview€with€two€microcassette€recorders.€€He€said€that€once€he€discovered€the€recorders,€heŠ  p  Šconfiscated€the€tapes€as€evidence€and€gave€them€to€the€Vonore€Police€Department.€€€€Š `  ŠĢą ½ ąAgent€Jordan€read€the€defendantššs€statement€into€evidence.€€The€statement€related€that€the€Š š@  Šdefendant€was€driving€alone€on€the€night€of€the€offenses€and€was€mad€at€the€victim€because€heŠ ą0  Šsuspected€the€victim€of€š šmessing€aroundšš€with€his€wife.€€He€entered€the€victimššs€house€through€aŠ Š  Šwindow,€carrying€a€tire€tool.€€The€victim€was€in€bed€asleep,€and€without€saying€anything,€theŠ Ą Šdefendant€hit€the€victim€on€the€head€a€couple€of€times€with€the€tire€tool.€€The€defendant€stated€thatŠ ° Šhe€went€there€to€hurt€the€victim,€that€he€wanted€to€kill€him,€and€that€he€š šjust€got€crazy.šš€€The€victimŠ  š Šhit€the€defendant€on€the€forehead.€€The€defendant€continued€to€hit€the€victim€as€he€crawled€away.€€TheŠ ą Švictim€begged€the€defendant€not€to€kill€him,€and€the€defendant€stopped€hitting€the€victim.€€The€victimŠ €Š Šwas€conscious€when€the€defendant€left,€and€the€defendant€heard€a€telephone€recording€as€he€wasŠ pĄ Šleaving.€€The€defendant€tried€to€leave€through€the€back€door€but€could€not.€€He€left€through€the€sameŠ `° Šwindow.€€The€defendant€backed€his€car€into€something€as€he€was€leaving.€€The€defendant€stated€thatŠ P  Šhe€was€drunk€when€he€went€to€the€victimššs€house€but€that€he€knew€what€he€was€doing.Š @ ŠĢą ½ ąSam€Tackett,€the€lead€investigator€on€this€case,€testified€that€he€took€the€defendant€to€theŠ  p Šhospital€for€a€blood€sample€and€that€the€defendant€was€very€cooperative.€€He€testified€that€the€police€Š ` Šcollected€a€womanššs€white€slip€from€the€victimššs€home€and€some€sanitary€napkins€from€the€trash€canŠ P Šin€the€victimššs€bathroom.€€He€said€that€on€November€16th,€Brenda€Best€gave€him€€the€pants,€shirt,€andŠ š@ Šundergarments€that€she€wore€on€the€day€of€the€offenses.€€He€said€that€Agent€Jordan€gave€him€the€tapesŠ ą0 Šof€the€defendantššs€interview€but€that€he€did€not€log€these€tapes€as€evidence€because€he€knew€that€theŠ Š  ŠTBI€did€not€use€audiotapes€of€interviews.€€He€said€that€he€put€the€tapes€in€his€desk€without€listeningŠ Ą! Što€them€and€that€he€did€not€know€what€happened€to€them.€€€€€€€€€Š °"  ŠĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€had€rented€a€home€from€the€victim€and€that€he€and€the€victim€Š $ą" Šhad€not€had€any€problems.€€He€said€that€he€had€been€drinking€for€two€days€before€the€offense€and€hadŠ €%Š # Šattempted€to€commit€suicide€by€taking€phenobarbital.€€He€said€that€at€the€time,€he€and€Brenda€BestŠ p&Ą!$ Šwere€divorced€but€that€he€still€called€her€his€wife€and€they€still€lived€together.€€He€said€that€Ms.€BestŠ `'°"% Štold€him€that€she€was€going€to€clean€the€victimššs€house.€€He€said€that€he€drove€her€to€the€victimššsŠ P( #& Šhouse€and€returned€two€hours€later.€€He€said€that€he€went€to€the€victimššs€back€door,€but€he€did€not€seeŠ @)$' Šor€hear€Ms.€Best€or€the€victim.€€He€said€that€he€decided€to€sneak€inside€because€he€wanted€to€knowŠ 0*€%( Šā āwhat€Ms.€Best€and€the€victim€were€doing.€€He€said€that€he€retrieved€a€tire€tool€from€the€frontŠ  +p&) Šfloorboard€of€his€car€and€used€it€to€open€the€window€quietly.€€He€said€that€he€crawled€through€theŠ ° Šwindow€and€went€to€the€bedroom.€€Š  š Šā āĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€testified€that€Ms.€Best€was€naked€and€was€lying€on€the€bed€between€theŠ €Š Švictimššs€legs.€€He€said€that€he€thought€that€Ms.€Best€was€performing€oral€sex.€€He€said€that€Ms.€BestŠ pĄ Šhad€previously€told€him€that€the€victim€made€passes€at€her€on€earlier€occasions€and€had€offered€herŠ ` ° Šmoney€in€exchange€for€oral€sex.€€He€said€that€he€yelled€at€them,€that€Ms.€Best€began€dressing€and€ranŠ P   Šout€of€the€room,€and€that€the€victim€started€pulling€up€his€pants.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€was€angryŠ @  Šand€began€hitting€the€victim.€€He€said€that€the€victim€was€saying,€š šGet€her€out€of€herešš€or€š šGet€herŠ 0 € Šaway€from€me.šš€€He€said€that€he€hit€the€victim€six€to€eight€times€with€the€tire€tool€and€that€the€victimŠ  p  Šalso€hit€him.€€He€said€that€the€room€was€dark€and€that€he€did€not€think€that€he€was€really€hurting€theŠ `  Švictim.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€see€any€blood.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€beat€the€victim€throughout€theŠ P  Šhouse€and€did€not€know€how€blood€got€everywhere.€€He€said€that€Ms.€Best€was€yelling€from€anotherŠ š@  Šroom€that€they€should€leave.€€He€said€that€when€the€victim€said,€š šPlease€donššt€kill€me,šš€he€saw€theŠ ą0  Šblood,€got€scared,€and€left€the€room.€€He€said€that€he€and€Ms.€Best€left€through€the€window€becauseŠ Š  Šthey€could€not€get€the€door€opened.€Š Ą ŠĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€testified€that€his€statement€to€the€TBI€agent€differed€from€his€testimony€becauseŠ  š Šhe€did€not€want€to€involve€Ms.€Best.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€want€the€victimššs€family€to€know€whatŠ ą Šthe€victim€was€doing€that€evening€but€that€he€had€to€tell€the€truth.€€He€said€that€he€lied€in€his€statementŠ €Š Šwhen€he€said€that€he€went€there€to€hurt€the€victim.€€€€He€said€that€the€TBI€agent€lost€the€interviewŠ pĄ Štapes€because€the€agent€had€changed€the€defendantššs€statement.€€He€said€that€when€the€agent€read€theŠ `° Šstatement€to€him,€he€knew€that€the€agent€had€added€information,€but€he€did€not€care€at€the€timeŠ P  Šbecause€he€knew€that€what€he€did€was€unforgivable.€€The€defendant€denied€kicking€the€victim€andŠ @ Šsaid€that€he€did€not€know€how€blood€got€on€the€bed.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€go€into€the€house€toŠ 0€ Šattack€the€victim€but€that€he€just€went€crazy.€€He€said€he€did€not€mean€to€kill€the€victim.Š  p ŠĢą ½ ąIn€rebuttal,€Doug€Watson,€the€Sheriff€of€Monroe€County,€testified€that€he€read€the€defendantŠ P Šhis€rights€while€the€defendant€was€in€his€office€waiting€for€the€TBI€agent€to€arrive.€€He€said€that€theŠ š@ Šdefendant€told€him€that€he€went€to€the€victimššs€house€to€hurt€him€because€he€thought€that€the€victimŠ ą0 Šwas€fooling€around€with€his€ex„wife.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€told€him€that€he€took€Ms.€Best€to€herŠ Š  Šmotherššs€house€that€night.Š Ą! ŠĢą ½ ąKenny€Hope€testified€that€he€and€the€defendant€were€friends€and€that€he€had€known€theŠ  #š! Šdefendant€for€twenty„six€to€twenty„eight€years.€€He€said€that€he€was€present€during€the€defendantššsŠ $ą" Šinterview€and€that€nothing€in€the€defendantššs€statement€conflicted€with€what€the€defendant€said€duringŠ €%Š # Šthe€time€that€he€was€recording€the€interview.€€€€Š p&Ą!$ ŠĢą ½ ąBased€upon€the€foregoing€evidence,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€especiallyŠ P( #& Šaggravated€burglary€and€of€both€premeditated€murder€and€felony€murder.€€The€trial€court€merged€theŠ @)$' Štwo€murder€counts€into€a€single€conviction€for€first€degree€murder.€€The€jury€sentenced€the€defendantŠ 0*€%( Što€life€without€parole€based€upon€its€finding€that€the€murder€was€especially€heinous,€atrocious€or€cruelŠ  +p&) Šin€that€it€involved€torture€or€serious€physical€abuse€beyond€that€necessary€to€produce€death€and€thatŠ ,`'* Šthe€defendant€knowingly€committed€the€murder€while€he€had€a€substantial€role€in€committingŠ ° Šaggravated€burglary.Š  š ŠĢą@  Ęąņ ņI.€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆŠ €Š ŠĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€first€degree€murderŠ ` ° Šconviction€because€the€state€has€failed€to€prove€premeditation€and€deliberation.€€He€argues€that€theŠ P   Ševidence€shows€that€he€acted€out€of€passion€because€he€believed€that€the€victim€was€having€sexualŠ @  Šrelations€with€his€ex„wife.€€The€state€contends€that€the€evidence€is€sufficient.Š 0 € ŠĢą ½ ąOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questioned€on€appeal€isŠ `  Šš šwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€ņņanyóó€rational€trierŠ P  Šof€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.šš€€ņņJackson€v.Š š@  ŠVirginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€do€not€reweigh€theŠ ą0  Ševidence€but€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonableŠ Š  Šinferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.Š Ą Š1984);€ņņState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Š ° ŠĢą ½ ąFirst€degree€murder€is€the€š špremeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€anotheršš€or€a€killingŠ ą Šcommitted€during€the€perpetration€of€certain€enumerated€felonies,€including€burglary.€€Tenn.€CodeŠ €Š ŠAnn.€šš€39„13„202(1)„(2).€€Premeditation€is€defined€as:Š pĄ ŠĢą8 ½ ąan€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.€€š šPremeditationšš€means€thatŠ P  Šthe€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formed€prior€to€the€act€itself.€€It€is€not€necessary€thatŠ @ Šthe€purpose€to€kill€pre„exist€in€the€mind€of€the€accused€for€any€definite€period€of€time.€Š 0€ ŠThe€mental€state€of€the€accused€at€the€time€the€accused€allegedly€decided€to€kill€mustŠ  p Šbe€carefully€considered€in€order€to€determine€whether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€freeŠ ` Šfrom€excitement€and€passion€as€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.ŠP½Š ½Š  ŠĢTenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„13„202(d).€€The€element€of€premeditation€is€a€question€for€the€jury€and€mayŠ ą0 Šbe€established€by€proof€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€killing.€€ņņState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,Š Š  Š660€(Tenn.€1997).€€Our€supreme€court€has€delineated€the€following€factors€that€demonstrate€theŠ Ą! Šexistence€of€premeditation:€€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€particularŠ °"  Šcruelty€of€the€killing,€declarations€by€the€defendant€of€an€intent€to€kill,€evidence€of€procurement€ofŠ  #š! Ša€weapon,€preparations€before€the€killing€for€concealment€of€the€crime,€and€calmness€immediatelyŠ $ą" Šafter€the€killing.€€ņņId.óó€Š €%Š # ŠĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€shows€that€he€acted€out€of€passion€rather€than€withŠ `'°"% Špremeditation€when€he€attacked€the€victim.€€The€defendant€argues€that€both€his€sworn€statement€andŠ P( #& Šhis€trial€testimony€show€that€he€was€angry€with€the€victim€because€he€believed€that€the€victim€andŠ @)$' ŠBrenda€Best€were€involved€in€a€sexual€relationship.€€He€states€that€Sheriff€Watson€also€testified€thatŠ 0*€%( Šthe€defendant€told€him€that€the€defendant€suspected€that€the€victim€and€Ms.€Best€were€having€anŠ  +p&) Šaffair.€€He€also€argues€that€the€charges€against€Ms.€Best€suggest€that€the€stateššs€theory€of€the€caseŠ ,`'* Šplaces€Ms.€Best€at€the€scene€of€the€crime,€playing€an€active€role€in€the€victimššs€death.€€Finally,€heŠ ° Špoints€to€the€womanššs€slip€and€the€sanitary€napkins€found€in€the€victimššs€house€as€proof€of€Ms.€BestššsŠ  š Špresence€at€the€scene.Š ą ŠĢą ½ ąViewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€defendantššs€statement€reveals€Š pĄ Šthat€he€went€to€the€victimššs€house€intending€to€hurt€the€victim€and€broke€into€the€house€through€aŠ ` ° Šwindow€while€the€victim€was€sleeping.€€Without€saying€a€word,€the€defendant€began€hitting€theŠ P   Šeighty„seven„year„old€victim€with€a€tire€tool.€€The€statement€shows€that€the€defendant€continued€toŠ @  Šhit€the€victim€as€he€crawled€away.€€Dr.€Harlan,€who€performed€the€victimššs€autopsy,€testified€that€theŠ 0 € Švictim€received€thirty€to€forty€blows.€€In€his€statement,€the€defendant€says€that€once€he€began€hittingŠ  p  Šthe€victim,€he€wanted€to€kill€the€victim.€€Although€at€one€point€in€the€statement,€the€defendant€saysŠ `  Šthat€he€just€š šgot€crazy,šš€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence€is€a€determination€for€the€jury.€Š P  ŠņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€The€jury€could€reasonablyŠ š@  Šbelieve€that€the€defendant€acted€with€premeditation€based€upon€the€remainder€of€the€statement.Š ą0  ŠĢą ½ ąFurthermore,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€felony€murder.€€Especially€aggravatedŠ Ą Šburglary€involves€the€burglary€of€a€habitation€and€serious€bodily€injury€to€the€victim.€Tenn.€CodeŠ ° ŠAnn.€šš€39„14„404(a)(1)„(2).€€š šA€person€commits€burglary€who,€without€the€effective€consent€of€theŠ  š Šproperty€owner€.€.€.€[e]nters€a€building€.€.€.€not€open€to€the€public,€with€intent€to€commit€a€felony,€theftŠ ą Šor€assault.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„14„402(a)(1).€€At€trial,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€retrieved€theŠ €Š Štire€tool€from€his€car,€quietly€pried€open€the€window,€and€crawled€inside.€€The€evidence€reveals€thatŠ pĄ Šonce€inside,€the€defendant€hit€the€victim€thirty€to€forty€times€with€the€tire€tool€and€that€the€victim€diedŠ `° Štwo€days€later€from€the€injuries€sustained€in€the€beating.€€The€defendant€argues€that€he€entered€theŠ P  Švictimššs€house€only€to€see€what€the€victim€and€Ms.€Best€were€doing€and€that€he€did€not€intend€toŠ @ Šcommit€an€aggravated€burglary€until€he€was€inside€and€saw€Ms.€Best€naked.€€€In€the€light€mostŠ 0€ Šfavorable€to€the€state,€the€defendantššs€statement€reveals€that€the€defendant€went€to€the€victimššs€houseŠ  p Šintending€to€hurt€the€victim€and€that€he€wanted€to€kill€the€victim.€€He€entered€the€house€with€the€tireŠ ` Štool€in€his€hand.€€Thus,€the€evidence€is€also€sufficient€to€support€the€conclusion€that€the€defendantŠ P Šentered€the€house€with€the€intent€to€kill€the€victim.€€This€justifies€a€conviction€for€felony€murder.Š š@ ŠĢņ ņą@s s ĘąII.€ADMISSIBILITY€OF€PHOTOGRAPHSˆŠ Š  Šó óĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€contends€that€at€the€sentencing€phase€of€the€trial,€the€trial€court€erred€inŠ °"  Šadmitting€a€photograph€of€the€victim€at€a€family€reunion,€photographs€depicting€the€victimššs€injuries,Š  #š! Šand€a€photograph€depicting€the€victim€wearing€a€belt€and€suspenders€while€being€transported€to€theŠ $ą" Šambulance.€€The€defendant€argues€that€these€photographs€were€not€relevant€to€prove€an€aggravatingŠ €%Š # Šcircumstance.€€The€state€contends€that€the€photographs€are€relevant€to€the€circumstances€of€the€offenseŠ p&Ą!$ Šbeing€heinous,€atrocious,€and€cruel.€€The€state€alternatively€argues€that€even€if€the€trial€courtŠ `'°"% Šerroneously€admitted€the€photographs,€any€error€is€harmless€in€light€of€the€evidence€that€the€defendantŠ P( #& Šsenselessly€killed€the€victim€by€beating€him€with€a€tire€tool.Š @)$' ŠĢą ½ ąInitially,€the€state€questions€whether€the€defendant€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€theŠ  +p&) Šcontested€photographs€at€trial.€€Before€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€state€renewed€its€request€to€enterŠ ,`'* Šthe€photographs€of€the€victimššs€injuries€that€the€trial€court€had€excluded€in€the€guilt€phase€of€the€trial.€Š ° ŠThe€state€also€requested€that€it€be€allowed€to€enter€a€photograph€of€the€victim€taken€at€a€familyŠ  š Šreunion€two€months€before€the€offenses€in€order€to€show€the€extent€of€the€victimššs€injuries.€€€€TheŠ ą Šdefendant€objected€under€Rule€403,€Tenn.€R.€Evid.,€that€these€photographs€were€autopsy€photographsŠ €Š Šand€would€serve€only€to€inflame€the€jury.€€The€trial€court€found€the€photographs€to€be€admissibleŠ pĄ Šbecause€they€related€to€the€aggravating€circumstance€that€the€murder€was€especially€heinous,Š ` ° Šatrocious,€and€cruel.€€Although€neither€party€referred€to€the€photographs€by€their€exhibit€numbers,€theŠ P   Šrecord€reflects€that€the€defendant€did€object€to€the€admissibility€of€the€photographs€showing€theŠ @  Šinjuries€to€the€victim€and€of€the€photograph€of€the€victim€on€the€Ō_ŌgurneyŌ_Ō,€claiming€that€it€was€irrelevantŠ 0 € Što€the€aggravating€circumstances€at€issue.€€However,€the€defendant€did€not€mention€the€photographŠ  p  Šof€the€victim€taken€two€months€before€the€attack€nor€did€he€object€when€it€was€admitted€intoŠ `  Ševidence.€Š P  ŠĢą ½ ąGenerally,€the€admissibility€of€photographs€is€a€matter€left€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trialŠ ą0  Šcourt,€whose€ruling€will€not€be€disturbed€on€appeal€absent€a€clear€abuse€of€discretion.€€ņņState€v.€Hallóó,Š Š  Š8€S.W.3d€593,€602€(Tenn.€1999);€ņņState€v.€Banksóó,€564€S.W.2d€947,€949€(Tenn.€1978).€€Nevertheless,Š Ą Šphotographs€admitted€during€the€guilt€phase€must€be€relevant€to€an€issue€at€trial,€and€the€danger€ofŠ ° Šunfair€prejudice€must€not€substantially€outweigh€their€probative€value.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€403;€ņņseeóóŠ  š ŠņņBanksóó,€564€S.W.2d€at€951.€€On€the€other€hand,€the€admissibility€of€evidence€in€the€sentencing€phaseŠ ą Šof€a€capital€case€is€governed€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„13„204(c):Š €Š ŠĢą8 ½ ąIn€the€sentencing€proceeding,€evidence€may€be€presented€as€to€any€matter€that€theŠ `° Šcourt€deems€relevant€to€the€punishment€and€may€include,€but€not€be€limited€to,€theŠ P  Šnature€and€circumstances€of€the€crime;€the€defendantššs€character,€background€history,Š @ Šand€physical€condition;€any€evidence€tending€to€establish€or€rebut€the€aggravatingŠ 0€ Šcircumstances€enumerated€in€subsection€(i);€and€any€evidence€tending€to€establish€orŠ  p Šrebut€any€mitigating€factors.€€Any€such€evidence€which€the€court€deems€to€haveŠ ` Šprobative€value€on€the€issue€of€punishment€may€be€received€regardless€of€itsŠ P Šadmissibility€under€the€rules€of€evidence;€provided,€that€the€defendant€is€accorded€aŠ š@ Šfair€opportunity€to€rebut€any€hearsay€statements€so€admitted.€€However,€thisŠ ą0 Šsubsection€shall€not€be€construed€to€authorize€the€introduction€of€any€evidence€securedŠ Š  Šin€violation€of€the€constitution€of€the€United€States€or€the€constitution€of€Tennessee.ŠĄ!½Š ½Š  ŠĢThis€means€that€evidence€relevant€to€sentencing€in€a€capital€case€is€admissible,€subject€only€š što€aŠ  #š! Šdefendantššs€opportunity€to€rebut€any€hearsay€statements€and€to€constitutional€limitations.šš€€ņņHallóó,€8Š $ą" ŠS.W.3d€at€602€(footnote€omitted).Š €%Š # ŠĢą ½ ąArguing€that€the€photographs€were€irrelevant€and€unduly€prejudicial,€the€defendant€contendsŠ `'°"% Šthat€the€trial€court€did€not€apply€the€proper€standard€in€admitting€the€photographs€but,€instead,€foundŠ P( #& Šthe€photographs€automatically€admissible€at€the€option€of€the€state€in€the€sentencing€phase.€€TheŠ @)$' Šdefendant€bases€this€assertion€upon€a€statement€made€by€the€trial€court€during€the€discussion€of€theŠ 0*€%( Šphotograph€of€the€victim€on€the€gurney.€The€state€argued€that€this€photograph,€which€depicts€theŠ  +p&) Švictim€wearing€suspenders€and€a€belt€on€the€night€of€the€offenses,€showed€the€atrocious€nature€of€theŠ ,`'* Šdefendantššs€story€that€he€caught€the€victim€having€sexual€relations€with€Ms.€Best.€€It€also€argued€thatŠ ° Šthe€photograph€would€not€inflame€the€jury€because€it€revealed€no€more€of€the€victimššs€injuries€thanŠ  š Šthe€other€pictures€already€seen€by€the€jury.€€The€court€agreed€that€the€photograph€would€show€the€juryŠ ą Šnothing€more€than€it€already€knew€because€the€defendant€had€testified€that€the€victim€put€on€his€pants.€Š €Š ŠAfter€hearing€the€stateššs€argument€regarding€the€victimššs€ability€to€fasten€his€suspenders€and€theŠ pĄ Šdefendantššs€objection€to€the€photograph,€the€court€stated:Š ` ° ŠĢą8 ½ ąWell,€I€think€it€could€go€to€the€atrocious€cruelty€of€the€act.€€Again,€you€know,€IššveŠ @  Šstated€here€all€week€.€.€.€why€I€didnššt€think€some€of€these€photographs€were€needed,Š 0 € Šbecause€I€feel€and€still€feel€the€proof€is€so€considerable.€€And€I€would€point€out€again,Š  p  Šthe€Courts€do€not€find€harmless€error€.€.€.€on€death€penalty€cases.€.€.€.€Now€thatššs€yourŠ `  Šdecision€from€this€point€on.€€Iššve€kept€these€photographs€out€of€this€entire€trial.€€I€haveŠ P  Šfelt€that€the€proof€is€so€strong€the€State€doesnššt€need€them.€€Weššve€argued€all€weekŠ š@  Šabout€it,€and€Iššm€going€to€let€[the€state]€put€them€in€now.€€If€you€want€them€in,€you€putŠ ą0  Šthem€in.€€Itššs€that€simple.ŠŠ ½Š ½Š  ŠĢThe€defendant€claims€that€this€statement€shows€that€the€trial€court€found€the€photographs€to€beŠ ° Švirtually€automatically€admissible€in€the€sentencing€phase.Š  š ŠĢą ½ ąThe€trial€court€did€not€automatically€admit€the€photograph€of€the€victim€on€the€Ō_ŌgurneyŌ_Ō.€Š €Š ŠAlthough€the€court€believed€that€the€stateššs€proof€of€the€aggravating€circumstance€was€more€thanŠ pĄ Šsufficient€even€without€this€photograph,€it€based€its€determination€that€the€photograph€was€admissibleŠ `° Šupon€the€photographššs€relevance€to€the€cruelty€of€the€act€and€to€the€defendantššs€argument€that€the€juryŠ P  Šshould€mitigate€the€defendantššs€sentence€if€they€had€any€lingering€doubt€regarding€his€guilt.€€WeŠ @ Šquestion€the€trial€courtššs€finding€that€the€photograph€depicting€the€victim€wearing€a€belt€andŠ 0€ Šsuspenders€was€relevant€to€the€cruelty€of€the€act.€€The€heinous,€atrocious,€and€cruel€aggravator€relatesŠ  p Što€the€murder€being€š šespecially€heinous,€atrocious,€or€cruel€in€that€it€involved€torture€or€seriousŠ ` Šphysical€abuse€beyond€that€necessary€to€produce€death.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„14„204(Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō)(5).€€It€doesŠ P Šnot€relate€to€the€defendantššs€explanation€of€his€actions€or€his€comments€on€the€character€of€the€victim.Š š@ ŠĢą ½ ąHowever,€the€trial€court€properly€found€that€the€photograph€of€the€victim€on€the€gurney€wasŠ Š  Šrelevant€to€the€defendantššs€proposed€argument€on€lingering€doubt.€€Pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€€Š Ą! Ššš€39„13„204(c),€any€evidence€relevant€to€the€punishment,€including€evidence€of€š šthe€nature€andŠ °"  Šcircumstances€of€the€crimešš€and€š šany€evidence€tending€to€establish€or€rebut€any€mitigating€factors,šš€Š  #š! Šis€admissible.€€The€defendant€requested€and€the€trial€court€charged€the€jury€on€the€followingŠ $ą" Šmitigating€circumstance:Š €%Š # ŠĢą8 ½ ąYou€may€consider€any€residual€or€lingering€doubt€you€may€have€about€the€defendantššsŠ `'°"% Šguilt.€€You€have€already€found€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€and€to€a€moral€certainty€thatŠ P( #& Šthe€defendant€is€guilty.€€Lingering€or€residual€doubt€differs€from€reasonable€doubt.€Š @)$' ŠIt€may€reflect€a€mere€possibility.€€The€absence€of€an€absolute€certainty€about€guilt€canŠ 0*€%( Šbe€considered€in€mitigation.Š +p&)½Š ½Š  ŠŠ ,`'* ŠThe€defendant€testified€that€when€he€entered€the€victimššs€bedroom€and€yelled€at€the€couple,€the€victimŠ ° Šbegan€fastening€his€pants.€€The€fact€that€the€eighty„seven„year„old€victim€was€wheeled€to€theŠ  š Šambulance€fully€clothed€and€wearing€both€a€belt€and€suspenders€is€relevant€to€rebut€any€lingeringŠ ą Šdoubt€that€the€jury€might€have€possessed.Š €Š ŠĢą ½ ąThe€trial€court€erred€in€relying€solely€upon€relevance€in€making€its€determination€to€admit€theŠ ` ° Šphotograph€of€the€victim€on€the€Ō_ŌgurneyŌ_Ō.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€defendant€argued€that€theŠ P   Šphotograph€was€unduly€prejudicial€because€it€related€only€to€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€and€not€to€theŠ @  Šappropriate€punishment.€€Constitutional€due€process€protections€relating€to€the€fundamental€fairnessŠ 0 € Šof€the€trial€continue€to€apply€in€the€sentencing€phase€of€a€capital€case,€and€the€trial€court€should€haveŠ  p  Šaddressed€whether€the€photograph€was€unduly€prejudicial.€€On€the€other€hand,€the€defendant€failedŠ `  Što€explain€how€this€photograph€was€prejudicial,€other€than€restating€his€argument€that€it€wasŠ P  Širrelevant.€€The€photograph€was€not€gruesome,€and,€in€fact,€the€victimššs€head€was€cropped€from€theŠ š@  Šphotograph€leaving€only€his€clothed€body€on€the€Ō_ŌgurneyŌ_Ō€for€the€jury€to€see.€€The€trial€court€properlyŠ ą0  Šadmitted€this€photograph.Š Š  ŠĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€photographs€showing€the€victimššs€body€immediately€beforeŠ ° Šthe€autopsy€were€not€relevant€to€an€aggravating€circumstance€because€the€jury€was€aware€of€the€natureŠ  š Šand€extent€of€the€victimššs€injuries€from€the€testimony€of€Dr.€Harlan.€€The€defendant€summarily€arguesŠ ą Šthat€these€photographs€were€unduly€prejudicial€and€more€shocking€because€they€were€shown€at€theŠ €Š Šsentencing€phase€rather€than€the€guilt€phase.€€The€state€contends€that€these€photographs€relate€toŠ pĄ Šwhether€the€murder€was€especially€heinous,€atrocious€or€cruel€in€that€it€involved€torture€or€seriousŠ `° Šphysical€abuse.€€Our€supreme€court€addressed€this€argument€in€ņņState€v.€Hallóó,€8€S.W.3d€593€(Tenn.Š P  Š1999).€€In€ņņHallóó,€the€defendant€contested€the€admission€of€autopsy€photographs€showing€the€victimššsŠ @ Šexternal€injuries,€arguing€that€they€were€cumulative€to€the€doctorššs€testimony€during€the€guilt€phaseŠ 0€ Šof€the€trial.€€The€court€held€that€the€photographs€illustrated€the€doctorššs€testimony,€were€š šhighlyŠ  p Šrelevant€to€the€extent€of€abusešš€that€the€victim€suffered€before€she€died,€and€were€not€gruesome€toŠ ` Šthe€extent€that€they€would€have€inflamed€the€jury.€€ņņId.óó€at€602.€€For€similar€reasons,€the€photographsŠ P Šin€the€present€case€were€relevant€and€admissible€to€show€torture€or€serious€physical€abuse.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.Š š@ ŠCode€Ann.€šš€39„13„204(i)(5).Š ą0 ŠĢą ½ ąFinally,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€photograph€of€the€victim€two€months€before€the€offensesŠ Ą! Šwas€not€relevant€to€show€the€victimššs€previous€appearance€because€no€question€existed€that€the€victimŠ °"  Šsustained€the€injuries€as€a€result€of€the€beating€by€the€defendant.€€He€contends€that€this€photographŠ  #š! Šcould€only€serve€to€inflame€the€passions€of€the€jury.€€The€state€responds€that€the€jury€was€entitled€toŠ $ą" Šsee€the€victimššs€condition€before€the€offenses.€€As€previously€noted,€the€record€does€not€reflect€aŠ €%Š # Šspecific€objection€to€or€argument€about€this€photograph.€€Also,€even€with€a€broad€view€of€€theŠ p&Ą!$ Šdefendantššs€objections,€the€record€fails€to€disclose€any€argument€for€or€against€the€admission€of€thatŠ `'°"% Špicture.€€In€this€respect,€it€is€difficult€to€question€the€trial€courtššs€decision€to€admit€the€photograph.€Š P( #& ŠIn€any€event,€although€we€question€whether€the€photograph€adds€any€value€to€illustrate€the€extent€ofŠ @)$' Šthe€victimššs€injuries,€given€its€lack€of€clarity€and€the€clarity€of€the€photographs€of€the€victimššsŠ 0*€%( Šwounds,€we€cannot€say€that€its€admission€appears€to€have€affected€the€sentence€imposed.ņņóóŠ  +p&) ŠŠ ,`'* Їą@  Ęąņ ņIII.€€FELONY€MURDER€AGGRAVATING€CIRCUMSTANCEó óˆŠ ° ŠĢą ½ ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€use€of€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„13„204(i)(7),€the€felony€murderŠ ą Šaggravating€circumstance,€does€not€sufficiently€narrow€the€class€of€death„eligible€offenders€when€theŠ €Š Šjury€has€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€both€premeditated€and€felony€murder.€€He€argues€that€the€juryŠ pĄ Šmight€be€uncertain€about€how€to€apply€and€weigh€the€felony€murder€aggravating€circumstance€in€thisŠ ` ° Šsituation.€€The€state€contends€that€the€issue€is€without€merit€because€the€trial€court€charged€the€juryŠ P   Šonly€on€the€premeditated€murder€conviction€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€We€agree,€but€we€also€noteŠ @  Šthat€the€need€to€narrow€the€class€of€death„eligible€offenders€to€comply€with€the€constitutionalŠ 0 € Šprotection€against€cruel€and€unusual€punishment€is€not€implicated€in€cases€that€do€not€involve€theŠ  p  Šdeath€penalty.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Butleróó,€980€S.W.2d€359,€361€(Tenn.€1999).€€š šThe€felony€murderŠ `  Šaggravator€(i)(7)€can€be€used€to€enhance€a€sentence€to€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€when€theŠ P  Šdefendant€is€convicted€of€felony€murder.šš€€ņņId.óó€at€363.€€The€jury€properly€applied€the€felony€murderŠ š@  Šaggravator.Š ą0  ŠĢą ½ ąIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtššsŠ Ą Šjudgment€of€conviction.€€€€Š ° Š€€€€€€€Š  š ŠĢĢ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ą  ąą m ąą Å ąą  ąą u ą___________________________________€Š pĄ Šą ½ ąą  ąą m ąą Å ąą  ąą u ąJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGE