ÿWPCç È¿1O¬¤s4:B\X{Ò&_°§ÑÈ•oô$5¶“þûaƒ=Åh¼fýѰ;·>H’›YD,¯•‡ì.;Å 9Ê0jÎéD¾|:ýÓÖ28C$ Ó .€âÌ j™? bõÚÿ—’Hn¨rø3ëÜñõ¯;“` ­+Fñžö˜v#_þe«_`ì $,HМE½Ë0!#-I@rÔqSóäRœìÇÀ³¿ú[ÌEBczw¯4‰Ú®¥ºÈMÉ øÛÌ: 6”¿Up5+=é>A½È—ògV”ö¼@C‹Q8Eqeo_) |¶ƒÔò”Î߻۹ ´QÆ‹êM‹fìb~;l‚®ˆÎ,Xß9¬–-<ˆò“SZŒä½~”óvÞâza Jzu5I Cn8ò‰÷¾8ž©•fC ä5˜ÖuR‹©sAë`ºe(Ó: 5¬ZîÐFíc‘S ¦øð ª ¥”àc–5ýއ±èýÀ%ÐPål¸ä2¡Eàý^q9w Y€… ™ô2‚þzç¬K¤ÍhB‡väùÍÔEF݇ÌÙàAš1:·%r‡o8øÁì‰Çí²Å o'#9uy¡5_ŸR…Šéó»Lèªà_4CÅUd³ÚœŒgb§ÏT¸#L,àûìb %\ib 0ŸËUNj ^ ¸ wÄ 4È zÜ ÒV ( 7 m9 P Æf Æ, Æò Ƹ #Á~N???EAAAAA 0DCCCCCCCCCCCCC 0ñ‡‡‡‡‡‡bxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 0!€€€€ B¡¡ 0»¾ D3y D-¬ 0KÙÙ AS$Æw 0»= 0Dø A«<» _Ý ƒR‹$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ô~Tò»»Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€XlLXòô~TÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€&Så %XXlLÔ€€Because€the€transcript€of€the€trial€in€this€case€consists€of€a€video€record,€the€spelling€of€names€ofÐ ° Ðwitnesses€may€be€inaccurate.(w—¶$¡¡Ñ8€TXXdì»»d8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€..ÑÑ ýý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular”ƒù( ÖJ~'bk2¤@© ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ñ e ÑLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(²2ØŽ$¥¥Ý ƒ—¶!ÝÑ8€lLXXdæd8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€ô~Tò»»ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.- ù-(²G2‹$¤¤Ý ƒ—¶!ÝÑ8€lLXXdæd8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€ô~Tò»»Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€XlLXòô~TÔ d(“3Æ $££Ý ƒ—¶!ÝÑ8€lLXXdæd8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(“3Æ $¢¢Ý ƒ—¶!ÝÑ8€lLXXdæd8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ—¶!ÝÑ8€lLXXdædÈ8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€¼л»»Ôà@HHìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@§§$ìàAT€NASHVILLEˆÐ ¾ ÐÔ‡XlLX»¼ÐÔÌò òÔ#†¼лXXlLJ#ÔÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€SUSAN€BLACKBURNÔ‡XlLX»¼ÐÔó óÐ ² ÐÓÓÌà@¼ ¼ ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Williamson€CountyˆÐ ¦ ö Ðà@: : ìàNo.€I„87„498€€€€€€Donald€P.€Harris,€JudgeˆÐ Œ Ü ÐÌÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<= ` A߈Ð > Ž  ÐÌà@Ç Ç ìàNo.€M1999„00295„CCA„R3„CD€„€Ô_ÔDecidedÔ_Ô€July€25,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ԈР3ƒ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<þ` AßÐ ÿO  Ðó óÌÌÌThe€Defendant,€Susan€Blackburn,€was€charged€with€driving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant€andÐ À Ðdriving€with€a€blood€alcohol€content€of€.10€percent€or€more.€€She€was€subsequently€tried€by€jury€inÐ ¦ö ÐWilliamson€County€and€found€guilty€of€third„offense€driving€under€the€influence.€€In€this€appeal€asÐ ŒÜ Ðof€right,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€overruling€her€motion€for€mistrial€basedÐ r Ðon€prosecutorial€misconduct,€by€improperly€instructing€the€jury€concerning€the€Defendant's€level€ofÐ X¨ Ðblood€alcohol€concentration,€by€allowing€the€prosecutor€to€make€improper€remarks€during€closingÐ >Ž Ðarguments,€and€by€improperly€denying€the€Defendant's€motion€to€suppress€the€results€of€her€bloodÐ $t Ðtests.€€We€hold€that€the€trial€court€properly€overruled€the€Defendant's€motion€for€mistrial€based€onÐ  Z Ðprosecutorial€misconduct,€that€the€trial€court€properly€instructed€the€jury€with€regard€to€theÐ ð@ ÐDefendant's€blood€alcohol€concentration,€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€overrulingÐ Ö& Ðthe€Defendant's€objection€to€remarks€made€during€closing€arguments,€and€that€the€trial€court€did€notÐ ¼  Ðerr€by€overruling€the€Defendant's€motion€to€suppress€the€results€of€her€blood€tests.€€Accordingly,€weÐ ¢ò Ðaffirm€the€Defendant's€conviction.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmed.ó óÐ T¤ ÐÌòòWelles,€J.Ô#†¼лàXlLÁ#ÔÔ‡XlLX.¼ÐÔóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòSmith,€J.,óó€and€òòÔ_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€joined.Ð  !p! ÐÌLee€Ô_ÔOfmanÔ_Ô,€Franklin,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Susan€Blackburn.Ð ì"<# ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter,€Kathy€Ô_ÔMoranteÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General,€RonÐ ¸$ % ÐDavis,€District€Attorney€General,€Lee€Dryer,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,Ð ž%î & ÐState€of€Tennessee.Ð „&Ô!' ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼лXXlL #ԈРP( #) ÐÌà  àÔ€XlLX»¼ÐÔOn€April€13,€1998,€the€Defendant,€Susan€Blackburn,€was€indicted€by€the€Williamson€CountyÐ D*”%+ ÐGrand€Jury€on€charges€of€driving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant€and€driving€with€a€bloodÐ *+z&, Ðalcohol€concentration€of€.10€percent€or€more.€€The€third€count€of€the€indictment€asserted€that€theÐ ,`'- ÐDefendant€had€been€previously€convicted€of€two€prior€D.U.I.'s.€€Following€a€jury€trial€conducted€onÐ ö,F(. ÐDecember€8€and€9,€1998,€a€Williamson€County€jury€convicted€the€Defendant€of€third„offense€drivingÐ Ü-,)/ý Ðunder€the€influence.€€She€received€a€sentence€of€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€incarceration€andÐ ° Ðwas€placed€on€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€supervised€probation,€conditioned€upon€her€servingÐ –æ Ð150€days€"day„for„day"€and€upon€her€participation€in€an€alcohol€treatment€program.€€The€trial€courtÐ |Ì Ðalso€revoked€the€Defendant's€driving€privileges€for€five€years€and€fined€her€$2,500.Ð b² ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€now€appeals€as€of€right€from€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court,€raising€theÐ . ~ Ðfollowing€issues€for€our€consideration:€€(1)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€overruling€theÐ  d ÐDefendant's€motion€for€mistrial€based€on€prosecutorial€misconduct;€(2)€whether€the€trial€courtÐ ú J Ðimproperly€instructed€the€jury€on€the€.08€percent€presumption€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ à 0 Ððð€55„10„408(b)€after€the€Defendant€had€been€indicted€on€a€charge€of€driving€with€a€blood€alcoholÐ Æ   Ðconcentration€of€.10€percent;€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€prosecutor€to€makeÐ ¬ ü  Ðimproper€remarks€during€closing€arguments;€and€(4)€whether€the€trial€court€improperly€denied€theÐ ’â  ÐDefendant's€motion€to€suppress€the€results€of€her€blood€tests.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÐ xÈ  Ðcourt.Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€incurred€the€charges€in€this€case€on€January€13,€1998.€€Officer€Bill€Ball׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€ofÐ *z  Ðthe€Williamson€County€Sheriff's€Department€testified€at€trial€that€he€was€driving€to€work€atÐ ` Ðapproximately€10:30€p.m.€when€the€Defendant's€car€turned€onto€the€road€in€front€of€his€vehicle.€Ð öF ÐWhen€the€Defendant€increased€her€speed€to€fifty„five€miles€per€hour€in€a€thirty„five€mile„per„hourÐ Ü, Ðspeed€zone,€Officer€Ball€activated€his€emergency€equipment.€€The€Defendant,€who€had€beenÐ Â Ðtraveling€in€the€left„hand€lane,€pulled€to€the€right„hand€lane€and€stopped€for€a€moment.€€However,Ð ¨ø Ðbefore€Ball€could€get€out€of€his€car,€the€traffic€light€at€which€the€Defendant€had€stopped€turned€green,Ð ŽÞ Ðand€the€Defendant€turned€left€from€the€right„hand€lane€across€the€left„hand€lane€of€traffic.€€BallÐ tÄ Ðfollowed€with€his€lights€and€siren€still€activated€until€the€Defendant€stopped€at€a€stop€sign.€€As€BallÐ Zª Ðbegan€to€exit€his€vehicle€in€order€to€approach€the€Defendant's€car,€the€Defendant€again€pulledÐ @ Ðforward.€€She€finally€came€to€a€full€stop€a€couple€of€blocks€past€where€she€had€first€turned€left.€€Ð &v ÐÌà  àOfficer€Ball€stopped€behind€her,€exited€his€vehicle,€and€approached€the€Defendant's€car.€€TheÐ òB ÐDefendant€was€sitting€in€the€car€with€the€motor€running,€but€apparently€was€initially€unaware€ofÐ Ø( ÐBall's€presence.€€Because€the€Defendant€would€not€roll€down€her€window,€Ball€opened€her€door€andÐ ¾ Ðreached€inside€the€vehicle€to€turn€off€the€motor.€€Ball€asked€the€Defendant€how€much€she€had€hadÐ ¤ô Ðto€drink,€and€she€responded€that€she€had€had€three€or€four€drinks.€€Ball€next€asked€the€Defendant€ifÐ Š Ú Ðshe€knew€where€she€was,€and€she€responded€that€she€was€in€Brentwood,€although€she€was€actuallyÐ p!À  Ðin€Franklin.€€Ball€testified€that€the€Defendant€reported€she€had€just€left€"the€country€club€inÐ V"¦! ÐBrentwood,"€which€he€understood€to€mean€the€Brentwood€Country€Club.Ð <#Œ" ÐÌà  àOfficer€Ball€requested€that€the€Defendant€get€out€of€her€car,€but€the€Defendant€did€not€seemÐ %X $ Ðto€understand€the€officer's€questions.€€Ball€stated€that€he€eventually€"coaxed"€the€Defendant€out€ofÐ î%>!% Ðthe€car,€and€when€she€emerged,€she€was€unable€to€stand€or€walk€on€her€own.€€Ball€and€OfficerÐ Ô&$"& Ðâ âDebbie€Rogers,€whom€Ball€had€summoned€as€"back„up,"€helped€the€Defendant€to€Ball's€policeÐ º' #' Ðvehicle€and€put€her€inside.€€Ball€stated€that€he€did€not€have€the€Defendant€perform€any€field€sobrietyÐ ° Ðtests€because€she€was€unable€to€stand€on€her€own.€€Ð –æ Ðâ âÌà  àWhen€asked€to€describe€other€signs€of€intoxication€he€noted€on€the€night€of€the€Defendant'sÐ b² Ðarrest,€he€stated€that€he€first€noticed€an€odor€of€alcohol€coming€from€both€the€Defendant's€car€andÐ H˜ Ðher€person.€€He€also€recalled€that€the€Defendant's€clothes€were€in€disarray€and€that€her€shirt€wasÐ . ~ Ðunbuttoned.€€He€reported€that€she€gave€answers€which€were€unrelated€to€the€questions€asked€of€her€Ð  d Ðand€that€she€was€laughing€and€crying€intermittently.€€Ball€testified€that€she€also€appeared€to€"fall[]Ð ú J Ðasleep€off€and€on"€while€sitting€in€the€back€of€his€police€vehicle.€€Ball€stated,€"Frankly,€I'd€never€hadÐ à 0 Ðanyone€that€drunk€in€my€car€before."€€Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àBall€testified€that€he€became€concerned€that€something€else€might€be€wrong€with€theÐ ’â  ÐDefendant,€so€at€the€urging€of€the€Defendant,€he€called€her€daughter.€€Due€to€a€hearsay€objection,Ð xÈ  ÐBall€did€not€relate€to€the€jury€any€conversation€that€he€may€have€had€with€the€Defendant's€daughter.€Ð ^®  ÐHowever,€he€testified€that€he€did€ask€the€Defendant€whether€she€was€on€any€medication,€and€heÐ D”  Ðstated€that€her€response€was€unrelated€to€the€question.€€Ball€also€testified€that€he€did€not€rememberÐ *z  Ðthe€Defendant€ever€mentioning€blood€pressure€problems€or€telling€him€that€she€needed€her€bloodÐ ` Ðpressure€medication.Ð öF ÐÌà  àAfter€escorting€the€Defendant€to€his€police€vehicle,€Officer€Ball€discussed€the€impliedÐ Â Ðconsent€form€with€the€Defendant€and€asked€her€if€she€would€be€willing€to€go€to€the€hospital€andÐ ¨ø Ðconsent€to€a€blood€test.€€She€agreed,€and€they€proceeded€to€a€hospital,€where€she€signed€an€impliedÐ ŽÞ Ðconsent€form€and€submitted€to€a€blood€test.€€Ball€stated€that€he€read€the€implied€consent€form€to€theÐ tÄ ÐDefendant€twice€before€she€signed€it€and€that€she€said€she€understood€the€form€before€signing€it.€€HeÐ Zª Ðexplained€that€despite€her€erratic€behavior,€she€appeared€to€have€periods€of€lucidity€when€she€seemedÐ @ Ðto€understand€what€was€happening.€€He€believed€that€she€understood€the€form€when€she€signed€it.Ð &v ÐÌà  àOfficer€Rogers,€also€of€the€Williamson€County€Sheriff's€Department,€whom€Officer€BallÐ òB Ðsummoned€on€the€night€of€the€Defendant's€arrest,€testified€that€the€Defendant€was€one€of€the€mostÐ Ø( Ðintoxicated€drivers€she€had€ever€seen.€€She€reported€that€the€Defendant€"ramble[d]"€in€answeringÐ ¾ Ðquestions,€that€she€was€crying€and€laughing€at€different€points€during€the€arrest€process,€that€herÐ ¤ô Ðclothes€were€in€disarray,€and€that€the€seat€of€the€Defendant's€pants€was€wet.€€Rogers€inventoried€theÐ Š Ú ÐDefendant's€car€and€found€two€twelve„packs€of€beer,€one€opened€and€one€unopened.€€Several€cans,Ð p!À  Ðsome€filled€with€beer,€were€scattered€in€the€car,€and€one€can,€which€was€sitting€on€the€seat€next€toÐ V"¦! Ðthe€driver,€was€half€full€and€still€cold.€€In€addition,€Rogers€discovered€a€cushion€on€the€driver's€seatÐ <#Œ" Ðwhich€was€wet.€€Rogers€maintained€that€the€Defendant€never€mentioned€using€blood€pressureÐ "$r# Ðmedication,€and€Rogers€reported€that€when€asked€whether€she€took€any€medication,€the€DefendantÐ %X $ Ðresponded€that€she€did€not.€€Rogers€also€stated€that€the€Defendant€claimed€to€understand€the€impliedÐ î%>!% Ðconsent€form€and€agreed€to€take€the€test.€€Rogers€adamantly€maintained€that€she€believed€theÐ Ô&$"& ÐDefendant€understood€the€form.Ð º' #' ÐÌà  àHolly€Turbeville,€a€forensic€toxicologist€at€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€CrimeÐ †)Ö$) ÐLaboratory,€presented€the€results€of€blood€tests€performed€on€the€Defendant€on€the€night€of€herÐ l*¼%* Ðarrest.€€Turbeville€reported€that€the€Defendant's€blood€had€an€alcohol€concentration€of€.31€gramsÐ R+¢&+ Ðpercent€ethyl€alcohol.€€Turbeville€testified€that€a€150„pound€person€would€have€to€consume€fourteenÐ 8,ˆ', Ðto€sixteen€alcoholic€beverages€on€an€empty€stomach€to€reach€a€blood€alcohol€concentration€(B.A.C.)Ð ° Ðof€.31€percent.Ð –æ ÐÌà  àWarren€James€Woodford,€a€self„employed€chemist€who€stated€that€he€had€conductedÐ b² Ðindependent€examinations€of€evidence€in€criminal€trials€since€1974,€testified€for€the€defense.€€HeÐ H˜ Ðcriticized€testing€methods€employed€by€the€T.B.I.€Crime€Lab.€€Specifically,€he€complained€that€theÐ . ~ Ðlaboratory€heated€blood€samples€to€sixty€degrees€Celsius,€much€higher€than€the€normal€bodyÐ  d Ðtemperature€of€thirty„one€degrees€Celsius.€€€€He€testified€that€the€T.B.I.€Crime€Lab€uses€the€"headÐ ú J Ðspace€method,"€by€which€they€test€the€vapor€from€the€blood€to€determine€alcohol€content.€HeÐ à 0 Ðexplained€that€when€a€blood€sample€is€heated€to€such€a€temperature,€"the€vapor€[rising€from€theÐ Æ   Ðblood]€gets€enriched€[with€alcohol]€exponentially,"€causing€faulty€test€results.€€Woodford€alsoÐ ¬ ü  Ðcriticized€the€laboratory's€method€of€transferring€blood€between€test€tubes€during€testing€and€claimedÐ ’â  Ðthat€the€machines€used€in€testing€did€not€allow€for€human€error;€he€explained€that€technician€errorÐ xÈ  Ðcould€cause€results€to€"balloon€false€positive€against€[the€defendant],€depending€on€the€amount€ofÐ ^®  Ðblood"€put€into€the€machine.€€In€addition,€he€complained€that€there€is€a€"sex€bias"€in€B.A.C.€testingÐ D”  Ðbecause€some€women€"read"€twice€as€high€as€men.€€€Finally,€he€stated€that€he€had€some€experienceÐ *z  Ðwith€handwriting€analysis€and€reported€that€the€Defendant's€signature€on€the€implied€consent€formÐ ` Ð"look[ed]€like€a€sober€signature."€€On€cross„examination,€Woodford€admitted€that€he€had€neverÐ öF Ðexamined€any€of€the€equipment€at€the€T.B.I.€Crime€Laboratory€and€that€the€"trend"€nationwide€wasÐ Ü, Ðto€increase€the€temperature€to€which€blood€is€heated€to€sixty€degrees€Celsius.€€He€also€admitted€thatÐ Â Ða€person€with€a€high€tolerance€to€alcohol€would€have€better€coordination€skills€at€a€high€level€ofÐ ¨ø Ðintoxication€than€would€someone€who€does€not€drink.Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àStephanie€Ann€Miller€testified€that€she€rented€a€room€from€the€Defendant.€€She€recalled€thatÐ Zª Ðon€January€12,€1998,€the€day€before€the€Defendant's€arrest,€she€and€Brad€Weaver,€another€of€theÐ @ ÐDefendant's€tenants,€borrowed€the€Defendant's€car.€€Miller€stated€that€Weaver€bought€two€"twelve„Ð &v Ðpacks"€of€Natural€Light€beer€on€January€12,€and€they€drank€the€beer€while€sitting€in€the€car.€€MillerÐ  \ Ðreported€that€they€threw€the€empty€cans€on€the€floorboard€of€the€car€and€did€not€clean€out€the€car€thatÐ òB Ðevening.€€Miller€further€testified€that€she€saw€the€Defendant€on€the€day€of€her€arrest.€€She€stated€thatÐ Ø( Ðshe€did€not€see€the€Defendant€drink€any€alcoholic€beverages€that€day€and€recalled€that€the€DefendantÐ ¾ Ðdid€not€appear€to€be€intoxicated€when€she€left€for€the€country€club.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€on€her€own€behalf.€€She€maintained€that€she€was€not€intoxicated€atÐ p!À  Ðthe€time€of€her€arrest€and€insisted€that€her€strange€behavior€and€confusion€was€caused€by€a€lack€ofÐ V"¦! Ðblood€pressure€medicine.€€The€Defendant€reported€that€she€was€five€feet,€two€and€a€half€inches€tallÐ <#Œ" Ðand€that€at€the€time€of€her€arrest,€she€weighed€194€pounds.€€She€stated€that€she€had€had€a€stroke€inÐ "$r# Ð1991,€and€she€took€medication€to€regulate€her€high€blood€pressure.€€The€Defendant€recalled€that€sheÐ %X $ Ðforgot€to€take€her€medication€on€January€12,€1998,€and€she€stated€that€she€did€not€want€to€take€theÐ î%>!% Ðskipped€medication€the€following€morning,€fearing€that€she€might€"collapse"€if€she€took€too€muchÐ Ô&$"& Ðmedication€in€one€day.€€She€explained€that€she€therefore€planned€to€take€the€medication€the€followingÐ º' #' Ðevening,€the€night€of€her€arrest.€€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€described€the€events€surrounding€her€arrest€as€follows:€€She€left€her€home€atÐ l*¼%* Ð6:15€p.m.€to€go€to€a€songwriters'€night€at€the€Maryland€Farms€Country€Club,€where€she€arrived€atÐ R+¢&+ Ðapproximately€6:35€p.m.€€While€there,€she€drank€three€beers€and€a€glass€of€wine,€which€she€orderedÐ 8,ˆ', Ðat€approximately€9:30€p.m.€€She€did€not€feel€the€effects€of€alcohol€when€she€left€the€country€club,Ð ° Ðbut€she€began€to€feel€dizzy€as€she€drove€home€due€to€what€she€believed€was€her€rising€bloodÐ –æ Ðpressure.€€On€the€way€home,€she€"got€lost"€and€began€to€feel€confused.€€She€saw€Officer€Ball's€blueÐ |Ì Ðlights€behind€her€but€initially€did€not€know€that€the€officer€was€targeting€her.€€She€claimed€that€whenÐ b² Ðshe€did€pull€over,€she€became€wedged€between€a€pillow€that€she€used€behind€her€back€while€drivingÐ H˜ Ðand€the€steering€wheel€of€the€car;€she€explained€that€her€efforts€to€free€herself€caused€her€blouse€toÐ . ~ Ðbecome€unbuttoned.€€The€Defendant€insisted€that€she€told€Officer€Ball€she€needed€her€blood€pressureÐ  d Ðmedicine€because€she€"was€afraid€[she]€was€going€to€have€a€stroke."€€She€claimed€that€she€wasÐ ú J Ðhurrying€home€to€get€her€medication€at€the€time€she€was€stopped.€€She€stated€that€she€also€askedÐ à 0 ÐOfficer€Ball€to€call€her€daughter€to€get€her€medicine.Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€claimed€to€remember€being€read€the€implied€consent€form,€but€stated€that€sheÐ ’â  Ðdid€not€think€it€mattered€whether€she€signed€the€form€as€long€as€she€got€to€the€hospital.€€She€claimedÐ xÈ  Ðshe€wanted€to€go€to€the€hospital€to€have€her€heart€checked.€€She€was€unsure€of€when€or€where€sheÐ ^®  Ðsigned€the€form.€€She€claimed€she€could€not€clearly€remember€some€of€the€events€on€the€night€of€herÐ D”  Ðarrest€because€of€her€high€blood€pressure,€and€she€admitted€that€she€was€incoherent€for€a€while€thatÐ *z  Ðnight.€€The€Defendant€maintained€that€when€she€reached€the€hospital,€she€asked€someone€to€checkÐ ` Ðher€blood€pressure,€but€did€not€know€whether€anyone€actually€did€so.€€On€cross„examination,€theÐ öF ÐDefendant€insisted€that€she€had€never€been€so€intoxicated€that€she€was€unable€to€remember€events.€Ð Ü, ÐShe€also€claimed€never€to€have€"passed€out"€from€drinking.Ð Â ÐÌÓ  ÓI.€€PROSECUTORIAL€MISCONDUCTÐ ŽÞ ÐÌÓ¦LÓà  àThe€Defendant€first€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€overruling€her€motion€for€mistrialÐ Zª Ðbased€on€prosecutorial€misconduct.€€During€the€cross„examination€of€defense€expert€WarrenÐ @ ÐWoodford,€the€prosecutor€asked€Dr.€Woodford€if€he€had€ever€been€inside€the€Georgia€Bureau€ofÐ &v ÐInvestigation€Crime€Laboratory,€and€Dr.€Woodford€responded€that€he€had.€€The€prosecutor€thenÐ  \ Ðasked,€"You€are€no€longer€allowed€to€do€that,€are€you?"€€Dr.€Woodford€responded€that€he€was€in€factÐ òB Ðallowed€in€the€lab.€€Counsel€for€the€defense€immediately€objected,€and€the€trial€court€then€conductedÐ Ø( Ða€jury„out€hearing.€€During€the€hearing,€the€State€admitted€that€it€had€no€"extrinsic€evidence"€that€Mr.Ð ¾ ÐWoodford€had€been€barred€from€the€G.B.I.€Crime€Laboratory,€and€counsel€for€the€defense€movedÐ ¤ô Ðfor€a€mistrial.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€hearing,€the€trial€court€determined€that€there€was€not€aÐ Š Ú Ðsufficient€basis€for€the€State's€question,€but€overruled€the€Defendant's€motion€for€mistrial.€Ð p!À  ЀÌà  àWhen€the€jury€reentered€the€courtroom,€the€trial€court€provided€the€following€curativeÐ <#Œ" Ðinstruction:Ð "$r# Ðà8  àLadies€and€gentlemen€of€the€jury,€sometimes€a€question€is€asked€in€such€a€way€as€toÐ %X $ Ðmake€one€that€hears€the€question€think€that€the€questioner€has€a€basis€for€asking€theÐ î%>!% Ðquestion.€€[The€prosecutor]€asked€Mr.€Ô_ÔWoodfordÔ_Ô€if€he€had€been€barred€from€theÐ Ô&$"& ÐGeorgia€Crime€Laboratory,€which€would€indicate€that€he€had€some€information€thatÐ º' #' Ðhe€was€basing€his€question€on.€.€.€.€Mr.€Ô_ÔWoodfordÔ_Ô's€answer€was€that€no,€he€had€not,Ð  (ð#( Ðand€the€court€has€determined€that€there€really€wasn't€a€sufficient€basis€for€[theÐ †)Ö$) Ðprosecutor]€to€ask€that€question.€€So€I'm€just€going€to€ask€you€to€disregard€both€theÐ l*¼%* Ðquestion€and€the€response.ÐR+¢&+Ð Ð  ÐÐ 8,ˆ', ÐÓ  ÓÌÓ  Óà  àThe€decision€of€whether€to€grant€a€mistrial€is€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€Ð –æ ÐòòState€v.€Ô_ÔMcKinneyÔ_Ôóó,€929€S.W.2d€404,€405€(Ô_ÔTenn.Crim.AppÔ_Ô.€1996).€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€suchÐ |Ì Ða€ruling€absent€a€finding€of€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔAdkinsÔ_Ôóó,€786€S.W.2d€642,€644Ð b² Ð(Tenn.1990);€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€929€S.W.2d€385,€388€(Ô_ÔTenn.Crim.AppÔ_Ô.1996).€€Furthermore,€we€mustÐ H˜ Ðpresume€that€the€jury€followed€the€trial€court's€explicit€instructions€not€to€consider€the€inappropriateÐ . ~ Ðcomment.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€893€S.W.2d€908,€923€(Tenn.1994).€€Ð  d ÐÌà  àHere,€the€trial€court€determined€that€there€was€not€a€sufficient€basis€for€the€question€askedÐ à 0 Ðof€Mr.€Ô_ÔWoodfordÔ_Ô,€and€therefore€the€question€was€improper.€€However,€in€light€of€the€trial€court'sÐ Æ   Ðprompt€curative€instruction€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€find€that€the€trial€judge€did€not€abuse€hisÐ ¬ ü  Ðdiscretion€in€refusing€to€grant€a€mistrial.€òòóóÐ ’â  ÐÌÓœUÓÓ  ÓÑ€ ïOÑII.€€JURY€INSTRUCTIONSÐ ^®  ÐÌÓÌZÓÓWÓà  àThe€Defendant€next€argues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€instructed€the€jury€with€regard€toÐ *z  Ðher€level€of€blood€alcohol€concentration.€€The€trial€court€first€instructed€the€jury€that€Ð ` ÐÌà8  à[a]ny€person€who€commits€the€offense€of€driving€with€an€alcohol€concentration€inÐ Ü, Ðtheir€blood€of€ten„hundredths€of€one€percent€(.10%)€or€more€is€guilty€of€a€crime.€€IfÐ Â Ðyou€find€the€defendant€not€guilty€or€if€you€have€a€reasonable€doubt€as€to€her€guilt,Ð ¨ø Ðyou€must€acquit€her€of€driving€with€an€alcohol€concentration€in€her€blood€of€ten„Ð ŽÞ Ðhundredths€of€one€percent€or€more€and€proceed€to€consider€her€guilt€or€innocence€ofÐ tÄ Ðdriving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant€which€is€an€alternative€form€of€the€sameÐ Zª Ðoffense.Ð@Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€trial€court€next€instructed€the€jury€as€follows:€"Evidence€from€the€[blood€alcohol]€test€that€thereÐ  \ Ðwas,€at€the€time€alleged,€eight„hundredths€of€one€percent€(.08%)€or€more€by€weight€of€alcohol€in€theÐ òB Ðdefendant's€blood,€creates€an€inference€that€the€defendant€was€under€the€influence€of€such€intoxicant,Ð Ø( Ðand€that€her€ability€to€drive€was€impaired."Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€instruction€citing€the€.08€percent€presumption€conflicts€withÐ Š Ú ÐCount€II€of€the€indictment€in€this€case,€which€requires€a€blood€alcohol€concentration€of€.10€percentÐ p!À  Ðfor€conviction.€€She€argues,€"By€giving€the€jury€both€instructions,€you€risk€a€verdict€of€guilt€basedÐ V"¦! Ðon€.08%€whereas€the€indictment€mandates€a€verdict€of€.10%.€€In€other€words,€in€this€case,€the€juryÐ <#Œ" Ðcould€convict€the€Defendant€on€less€evidence€than€called€for€in€the€indictment."€€The€Defendant€alsoÐ "$r# Ðcontends€that€the€instruction€citing€the€.08€percent€presumption€allowed€the€jury€to€"hear€evidenceÐ %X $ Ðof€[the]€Defendant's€prior€[Ô_ÔD.U.I.Ô_Ô]€convictions,"€and€she€complains€that€the€trial€court€did€notÐ î%>!% Ðdetermine€that€the€Defendant€was€a€multiple€offender€prior€to€instructing€the€jury.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€55„10„401€governs€the€present€case.€€It€provides€as€follows:Ð  (ð#( ЀÌà8  àà ` àIt€is€unlawful€for€any€person€to€drive€or€be€in€physical€control€of€anyÐ l*¼%* Ðautomobile€or€other€motor€driven€vehicle€on€any€of€the€public€roads€and€highwaysÐ R+¢&+ Ðof€the€state,€or€on€any€streets€or€alleys,€or€while€on€the€premises€of€any€shoppingÐ 8,ˆ', Ðcenter,€trailer€park€or€any€apartment€house€complex,€or€any€other€premises€which€isÐ ° Ð[sic]€generally€frequented€by€the€public€at€large,€while:ЖæÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(1)€€Under€the€influence€of€any€intoxicant,€marijuana,€narcotic€drug,€or€drugÐ |Ì Ðproducing€stimulating€effects€on€the€central€nervous€system;€orÐb²Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(2)€€The€alcohol€concentration€in€such€person's€blood€or€breath€is€ten„Ð H˜ Ðhundredths€of€one€percent€(.10%)€or€more.Ð. ~Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a).€€Furthermore,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€55„10„408€states€thatÐ ú J Ðin€order€to€prove€a€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€55„10„401(a)(1),€driving€under€theÐ à 0 Ðinfluence€of€an€intoxicant,€"evidence€that€there€was,€at€the€time€alleged,€ten„hundredths€of€oneÐ Æ   Ðpercent€(.10%)€or€more€by€weight€of€alcohol€in€the€defendant's€blood€shall€create€a€presumption€thatÐ ¬ ü  Ðthe€defendant's€ability€to€drive€was€sufficiently€impaired€thereby€to€constitute€a€violation€of€ðð€55„10„Ð ’â  Ð401(a)(1)."€€òòId.óó€ðð€55„10„408(a).€€Ð xÈ  ÐÌà  àHowever,€in€a€case€where€a€defendant€has€been€convicted€of€one€or€more€prior€D.U.I.'s,€theÐ D”  Ðjury€may€presume€that€the€defendant€was€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant€if€it€finds€beyond€aÐ *z  Ðreasonable€doubt€that€his€or€her€blood€alcohol€level€was€.08€percent€or€higher.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€55„10„Ð ` Ð408(b).€€"The€jury,€however,€is€free€to€disregard€that€presumption€and€rely€strictly€on€the€evidenceÐ öF Ðpresented€at€trial.€€In€addition,€the€defendant€may€rebut€the€presumption€by€introducing€evidence€toÐ Ü, Ðthe€contrary."€€òòState€v.€Michael€Elmore€Robinsonóó,€No.€01C01„9612„CC„00536,€1999€WL€16802,Ð Â Ðat€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Jan.€19,€1999).€€This€Court€has€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà8  àconclude[d]€that€in€D.U.I.€cases,€the€trial€court€must€make€the€determination€of€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant's€prior€convictions,€if€any,€outside€the€presence€of€the€jury.€€If€the€trialÐ Zª Ðcourt€finds€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€the€defendant€has€a€prior€D.U.I.Ð @ Ðrecord,€then€the€court€shall€charge€the€jury€under€the€standard€set€forth€in€Tenn.€CodeÐ &v ÐAnn.€ðð€55„10„408(b).Ð \Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€at€*4.Ð Ø( ÐÌà  àIn€the€present€case,€although€the€trial€judge€apparently€did€not€make€an€explicit€determinationÐ ¤ô Ðthat€the€Defendant€had€been€previously€convicted€of€two€prior€D.U.I.'s,€it€is€clear€from€the€recordÐ Š Ú Ðthat€he€did€make€such€a€finding.€€During€both€the€hearing€on€the€motion€to€suppress€and€the€trialÐ p!À  Ðitself,€the€trial€court€referred€to€the€Defendant's€prior€D.U.I.€record,€noting€her€two€prior€D.U.I.Ð V"¦! Ðconvictions.€€Her€prior€record€is€not€now€contested.€€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌà  àWe€find€no€error€in€the€jury€instructions€in€this€case.€€In€Count€I€of€the€indictment,€theÐ %X $ ÐDefendant€was€charged€with€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€55„10„401(a)(1),€drivingÐ î%>!% Ðunder€the€influence€of€"an[y]€intoxicant,€marihuana€[sic],€narcotic€drug€or€any€drug€producingÐ Ô&$"& Ðstimulating€effects€on€the€central€nervous€system."€€In€Count€II€of€the€indictment,€the€Defendant€wasÐ º' #' Ðcharged€with€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€55„10„401(a)(2),€driving€with€a€blood€alcoholÐ  (ð#( Ðconcentration€of€.10€percent€or€more.€€Thus,€the€trial€judge€properly€instructed€the€jury€that€it€couldÐ †)Ö$) Ðfind€the€Defendant€guilty€of€driving€with€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€.10€percent.€€In€addition,€becauseÐ l*¼%* Ðthe€trial€judge€determined€that€the€Defendant€had€a€prior€D.U.I.€record,€he€properly€instructed€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðjury€that€it€could€presume€that€the€Defendant€was€driving€under€the€influence€if€it€found€that€she€wasÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdriving€with€a€blood€alcohol€concentration€of€.08€percent.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€This€instruction€corresponds€withÐ ° ÐCount€I€of€the€indictment,€charging€the€Defendant€with€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÐ –æ Ð55„10„401(a)(1).€Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant's€argument€that€"the€jury€could€[have]€convict[ed€her]€on€less€evidence€thanÐ H˜ Ðcalled€for€in€the€indictment"€is€also€moot.€€The€jury€specifically€convicted€her€of€driving€with€a€bloodÐ . ~ Ðalcohol€concentration€of€.10€percent,€in€contravention€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€55„10„Ð  d Ð401(a)(2),€and€Count€I€of€the€indictment,€charging€her€with€driving€under€the€influence€of€anÐ ú J Ðintoxicant,€was€dismissed.€€This€issue€is€therefore€without€merit.Ð à 0 ÐÌÓ%[ÓÓ  ÓIII.€€CLOSING€ARGUMENTSÐ ¬ ü  ÐÌÓ zÓÓ^Óà  àDuring€his€closing€argument,€the€prosecutor€addressed€defense€expert€Warren€Woodford'sÐ xÈ  Ðcriticisms€of€the€T.B.I.€Crime€Laboratory's€testing€methods.€€Specifically,€he€addressed€Mr.Ð ^®  ÐWoodford's€assertion€that€the€lab's€method€of€transferring€of€blood€between€test€tubes€could€involveÐ D”  Ðhuman€error,€thus€falsely€inflating€test€results.€€For€instance,€Woodford€suggested€that€the€technicianÐ *z  Ðconducting€the€blood€test€could€allow€a€small€amount€of€blood€to€dribble€down€the€outside€of€the€testÐ ` Ðtube,€resulting€in€less€blood€for€testing€and€thus€affecting€the€amount€of€alcohol€measured€by€theÐ öF Ðmachines.€€During€closing€arguments,€the€prosecutor€stated,€"common€sense€tells€you€that€if€there'sÐ Ü, Ðless€blood€[in€a€sample],€there's€less€alcohol,"€resulting€in€a€lower€"reading."€€By€this,€the€prosecutorÐ Â Ðapparently€meant€that€even€if€one€were€to€accept€Woodford's€claim€that€human€error€could€causeÐ ¨ø Ðfaulty€test€results,€the€types€of€error€mentioned€by€Woodford€would€cause€lower€test€results,€therebyÐ ŽÞ Ðfavoring€the€Defendant.€€The€Defendant€contends€that€this€argument€was€based€on€facts€outside€theÐ tÄ Ðrecord€and€involved€information€that€could€only€be€presented€by€an€expert.Ð Zª ÐÌÓizÓÓ  Óà  àClosing€arguments€must€be€temperate,€must€be€based€upon€evidence€introduced€during€trial,Ð &v Ðand€must€be€pertinent€to€the€issues€being€tried.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔCauthernÔ_Ôóó,€967€S.W.2d€726,€737€(Tenn.Ð  \ Ð1998).€€As€is€commonly€recognized,€closing€arguments€are€an€important€tool€for€the€parties€duringÐ òB Ðthe€trial€process.€€Consequently,€the€attorneys€are€usually€given€wide€latitude€in€the€scope€of€theirÐ Ø( Ðarguments,€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€809€(Tenn.1994),€and€trial€judges€in€turn€areÐ ¾ Ðaccorded€wide€discretion€in€their€control€of€those€arguments,€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Zirkleóó,€910€S.W.2d€874,Ð ¤ô Ð888€(Tenn.Crim.App.1995).€This€discretion€will€not€be€interfered€with€on€appeal€in€the€absence€ofÐ Š Ú Ðabuse€thereof.€€òòSmith€v.€Stateóó,€527€S.W.2d€737,€739€(Tenn.€1975).€€To€succeed€on€a€claim€ofÐ p!À  Ðprosecutorial€misconduct,€the€defendant€must€show€that€the€argument€was€so€inflammatory€or€theÐ V"¦! Ðconduct€so€improper€that€it€affected€the€verdict€to€his€or€her€detriment.€€òòHarrington€v.€Stateóó,€385Ð <#Œ" ÐS.W.2d€758,€759€(Tenn.€1965).€Ð "$r# ÐÌà  àWhile€it€may€be€that€the€inference€argued€by€the€prosecutor€in€this€case€requires€moreÐ î%>!% Ðexpertise€than€common€sense,€we€cannot€conclude€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€inÐ Ô&$"& Ðoverruling€the€Defendant's€objection€to€the€argument.€€As€previously€noted,€the€trial€judge€has€wideÐ º' #' Ðdiscretion€in€controlling€closing€arguments.€€òòSeeóó€òòZirkleóó,€910€S.W.2d€at€888.€€Here,€the€argumentÐ  (ð#( Ðobjected€to€by€the€defense€was€only€a€brief€part€of€a€lengthy€closing€argument.€€Furthermore,€the€trialÐ †)Ö$) Ðcourt€provided€the€following€instruction€to€the€jury€prior€to€deliberations:€€Ð l*¼%* Ðâ âÐ R+¢&+ Ðà8  àà ` àStatements,€arguments,€and€remarks€of€counsel€are€intended€to€help€you€inÐ ° Ðâ âunderstanding€the€evidence€and€applying€the€law,€but€they€are€not€evidence.€€If€anyÐ –æ Ðstatements€were€made€that€you€believe€are€not€supported€by€the€evidence,€you€shouldÐ |Ì Ðdisregard€them.Ðb²Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àYou€are€the€exclusive€judges€of€the€facts€in€this€case.€€Also,€you€are€theÐ H˜ Ðexclusive€judges€of€the€law€under€the€direction€of€the€court.€€You€should€apply€theÐ . ~ Ðlaw€to€the€facts€in€deciding€this€case.€€You€should€consider€the€evidence€in€light€ofÐ  d Ðyour€own€observations€and€experiences€in€life.Ðú JÐ Ð  ÐÌIn€view€of€this€instruction,€all€of€the€evidence€presented€at€trial,€and€the€relative€brevity€of€theÐ Æ   Ðargument€at€issue,€we€are€unconvinced€that€the€prosecutor's€statement€affected€the€verdict€to€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðdetriment€of€the€Defendant.€€We€therefore€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretionÐ ’â  Ðby€overruling€the€Defendant's€objection€to€this€argument.Ð xÈ  ÐÌÓ€ÓÓ  ÓIV.€€MOTION€TO€SUPPRESSÐ D”  ÐÌÓïŒÓÓ  Óà  àFinally,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€overruling€her€motion€to€suppressÐ ` Ðthe€results€of€her€blood€test.€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€55„10„406€governs€implied€consent€toÐ öF Ð"[t]ests€for€alcoholic€or€drug€content€of€blood."€€It€provides€that€"[a]ny€person€who€drives€any€motorÐ Ü, Ðvehicle€in€the€state€is€deemed€to€have€given€consent€to€a€test€for€the€purpose€of€determining€theÐ Â Ðalcoholic€content€of€that€person's€blood€.€.€.€."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„406(a)(1).€€However,€it€alsoÐ ¨ø Ðprovides€that€"[a]ny€person€who€is€unconscious€as€a€result€of€an€accident€or€is€unconscious€at€theÐ ŽÞ Ðtime€of€arrest€or€apprehension€or€otherwise€in€a€condition€rendering€that€person€incapable€of€refusal,Ð tÄ Ðshall€be€subjected€to€the€test€.€.€.€,€but€the€results€of€thereof€shall€not€be€used€in€evidence€against€thatÐ Zª Ðperson€in€any€court€or€before€any€regulatory€body€without€the€consent€of€the€person€so€tested."€€òòId.óóÐ @ Ððð€55„10„406(b).€€The€Defendant€argues€that€at€the€time€of€her€arrest,€she€was€"otherwise€in€aÐ &v Ðcondition€rendering€[her]€incapable€of€refusal€.€.€.€."€€òòId.óó€€She€contends€that€she€was€so€incoherent€andÐ  \ Ðconfused€on€the€night€of€her€arrest€that€she€was€incapable€of€refusing€the€test.Ð òB ÐÓ8Óà  àÌà  àWhen€reviewing€the€grant€or€denial€of€a€motion€to€suppress,Ð ¾ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[Ô_Ôq]uestionsÔ_Ô€of€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€ofÐ Š Ú Ðthe€evidence,€and€resolution€of€conflicts€in€the€evidence€are€mattersÐ p!À  Ðentrusted€to€the€trial€judge€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€The€party€prevailingÐ V"¦! Ðin€the€trial€court€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÐ <#Œ" Ðevidence€adduced€at€the€suppression€hearing€as€well€as€allÐ "$r# Ðreasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€from€thatÐ %X $ Ðevidence.€€So€long€as€the€greater€weight€of€the€evidence€supportsÐ î%>!% Ðthe€trial€court's€findings,€those€findings€shall€be€upheld.€€In€otherÐ Ô&$"& Ðwords,€a€trial€court's€findings€of€fact€in€a€suppression€hearing€willÐ º' #' Ðbe€upheld€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.€€Ð (ð#(` x` x ÐÌòòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.1996).€€However,€the€application€of€the€law€to€the€factsÐ l*¼%* Ðas€found€by€the€trial€court€is€a€question€of€law€which€the€appellate€court€reviews€òòdeóó€òònovoóó.€€òòStateÐ R+¢&+ Ðv.€Yearganóó,€958€S.W.2d€626,€629€(Tenn.1997).Ð 8,ˆ', ЇÓ  Óà  àAt€the€hearing€on€the€motion€to€suppress€in€this€case,€three€witnesses€testified.€€StephanieÐ ° ÐAnn€Miller,€the€Defendant's€tenant,€presented€essentially€the€same€testimony€as€she€did€at€trial.€€InÐ –æ Ðaddition,€she€testified€that€when€the€Defendant€fails€to€take€her€blood€pressure€medication,€she€"getsÐ |Ì Ðvery€confused€and€.€.€.€stutters.€.€.€.€Her€face€turns€real€red.€€She€can't€catch€her€breath."€€Officer€BillÐ b² ÐBall€also€presented€essentially€the€same€testimony€as€he€did€at€trial:€€He€described€his€encounter€withÐ H˜ Ðthe€Defendant€on€the€night€of€her€arrest€and€maintained€that€"throughout€the€whole€process,"€she€wasÐ . ~ Ð"in€and€out"€of€coherency.€€He€recalled€that€there€were€times€during€the€process€when€she€seemedÐ  d Ðto€understand€what€he€was€saying€and€appeared€to€be€coherent.€€For€example,€Officer€Ball€testifiedÐ ú J Ðthat€when€she€asked€him€to€call€her€daughter,€she€provided€him€with€the€correct€phone€number.€€HeÐ à 0 Ðreported€that€he€believed€she€understood€the€implied€consent€form.€€€He€further€testified€that€bothÐ Æ   Ðbefore€and€after€the€Defendant€signed€the€implied€consent€form,€she€stated€that€she€was€"afraid€toÐ ¬ ü  Ðtake€a€shot."€€Ð ’â  ÐÓi˜ÓÓ  ÓÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€on€her€own€behalf€at€the€hearing.€€Contrary€to€her€later€testimony€atÐ ^®  Ðtrial,€she€reported€that€she€did€not€remember€Officer€Ball€reading€the€implied€consent€form€to€herÐ D”  Ðand€did€not€remember€signing€the€form.€€She€stated€that€she€remembered€Officer€Ball€"mentioningÐ *z  Ða€hospital,"€but€thought€that€he€mentioned€the€hospital€in€reference€to€her€high€blood€pressure.€€SheÐ ` Ðfurther€testified€that€she€remembered€being€at€the€hospital€and€thought€that€hospital€staff€wouldÐ öF Ðcheck€her€blood€pressure.Ð Ü, ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€evidence,€the€trial€judge€accredited€the€testimony€of€Officer€Ball,Ð ¨ø Ðstating€that€"nothing"€the€Defendant€had€said€was€truthful.€€He€then€made€the€following€findings€:Ð ŽÞ ÐHe€pointed€out€Officer€Ball's€testimony€that€the€Defendant€"understood€that€if€she€agreed€to€takeÐ tÄ Ð[the]€test,€it€was€going€to€involve€sticking€a€needle€in€her€arm"€and€concluded,€Ð Zª ÐÌà8  àSo€she€was€able€to€think€clearly€enough€that€she€knew€when€she€took€the€test€whatÐ &v Ðthe€result€of€that€would€be.€€And€that's€certainly€circumstantial€evidence€that€wouldÐ  \ Ðshow€me€that€she€was€also€capable€of€refusing€to€take€the€test.€€So€I€find€that€she€wasÐ òB Ðcapable€of€refusing€to€take€the€test.€€I€might€also€say€that€because€she€probablyÐ Ø( Ðblacked€out€and€couldn't€remember€is€really€of€little€consequence€without€some€kindÐ ¾ Ðof€expert€testimony.€.€.€.€€I€understand€people€who€have€serious€drinking€problemsÐ ¤ô Ðblack€out,€but€.€.€.€that's€not€proof€that€they€don't€know€what€they're€doing€at€the€timeÐ Š Ú Ðthey€do€things€they€can't€later€remember.Ðp!À Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€evidence€presented€at€the€hearing€on€the€motion€to€suppress€does€notÐ <#Œ" Ðpreponderate€against€the€trial€court's€findings€of€fact.€€At€the€hearing,€Officer€Ball€indicated€his€beliefÐ "$r# Ðthat€the€Defendant€was€capable€of€understanding€the€consent€form€and€explained€why€he€reached€thisÐ %X $ Ðconclusion.€€The€trial€court€specifically€accredited€his€testimony€over€that€of€the€Defendant.€€AsÐ î%>!% Ðpreviously€stated,€conflicts€in€evidence€are€entrusted€to€the€trial€court€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateóóÐ Ô&$"& Ðòòv.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€at€23.€€We€thus€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€by€denying€theÐ º' #' ÐDefendant's€motion€to€suppress.Ð  (ð#( ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€€