WPC} UBV %U.nX 0P4 4  0 0D4 w@x 0J 0T 0^V 0h 0r 0| 0 0 1u  0dU6 B/B)LDCu AM(- D3v~Gv 0@ AO' 0D D/1 B`<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%2A`ArialTT3|X <6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@%2A`ArialTTt10cpiXXX2PQXP(($D  ԡ (D(3$ !D      0  (#$  0      U a a b  D Ӏ2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(Courier New d% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd-&C << G  !  #d## D       YYY FILEDXJanuary30,1997CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerk    !#d## D     $       #Thismotionwasfiledfollowingthetrialcourtsordervacatingthedefendantsconvictionandgrantinganewtrial.BecauseofourdispositionoftheStatesappealofthenewtrial,thismotionisnottimely.Wechoose,however,toaddressthemerits.$$$$'dxdPtPtHH(FG(HH(d'hStyl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   h HD: Geneva  h HD: Geneva ("$    -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . # D    `  X 7gXXdd7  \RA'\  R'(&A1-j|` 81 `@Rߛ   INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE@ ATNASHVILLE  @ NOVEMBER1996SESSION STATEOFTENNESSEE,   )       )  C.C.A.NO.01C019508CR00258   Appellee/Crossappellant,  )      ) SUMNERCOUNTY VS.      )      ) HON.JANEWHEATCRAFTandBOBBYVINCENTBLACKMON,  ) FREDA.KELLY,III,JUDGES      )  Appellant/Crossappellee.  ) (StateAppealRule9) FORTHEAPPELLANT:    FORTHEAPPELLEE: MARKW.HENDERSON    CHARLESW.BURSON P.O.Box1814     AttorneyGeneral&Reporter Hendersonville,TN37077        WILLIAMDAVIDBRIDGERS        Asst.AttorneyGeneral̀       450JamesRobertsonPkwy.        Nashville,TN372430493           LAWRENCERAYWHITLEY        DistrictAttorneyGeneral       KATHIPHILLIPS        Asst.DistrictAttorneyGeneral       113E.MainSt.        Gallatin,TN37066                   OPINIONFILED:____________________ AFFIRMEDINPART;REVERSEDANDREMANDEDINPART JOHNH.PEAY, Judge  ќ  ӛ@ OPINION     Thedefendantwasindictedforpossessionofcocainewithintenttosellandwasconvictedofthisoffensebyajury.Followinghisconviction,thedefendantfiledamotionforarrestofjudgmentonthegroundsthatthetrialjudgepresidedoverthetrialinviolationoftheTennesseeConstitutionbecauseshehadearlierpresidedoverthedefendantspreliminaryhearingwhilesittingasaGeneralSessionsjudge.Afterahearing,thetrialcourtgrantedthedefendantsmotionandorderedanewtrial,fromwhichtheStatenowappeals.  Followingthetrialcourtsorderofanewtrial,thedefendantfiledamotiontodismissthechargeagainsthimonthegroundsthatitwasbarredbydoublejeopardyfollowingforfeitureofhisvehicle.Thesuccessortrialjudgedeniedthismotion,fromwhichthedefendantnowappeals.Wenowreversethetrialcourtsorderofanewtrial,andaffirmthelowercourtsdenialofthedefendantsmotiontodismiss.  OurConstitutionprovides NoJudgeoftheSupremeorInferiorCourtsshallpresideonthetrialofanycause...inwhichhe[orshe]mayhavepresidedinanyinferiorCourt,exceptbyconsentofalltheparties.Tenn.Const.,Art.VI,Sec.11.Inconstruingthisprovision,ourSupremeCourthasheldthatdefendantshavetherighttowaivethedisqualificationoftheirregularjudgeandtoconsenttohisorherpresidingattheirtrial.Stateexrel.Robertsv.Henderson,442S.W.2d629,632(Tenn.1969).ThisCourthassinceheldthatadefendantsfailuretoraisetheissuepriortotrialconstitutesanimpliedwaiverofhisorherrighttoquestionthetrialjudgesqualificationstohearthecase.Woodsonv.State,608S.W.2d591,593(Tenn.Crim.App.1980).  Thedefendantinthiscasedidnotraisethisissuepriortotrial.Rather,accordingtohislawyersremarksatthehearingonthemotiontoarrestjudgment,thedefendantandhiscounseldiscussedtheissuepriortotrial.Counseladvisedthedefendantthathethoughtthejudge wouldbe...fairandimpartial.Counselalsostatedatthehearingthatithadbeenhisopinionthatthedefendantscase wouldbebetterservedbygoingtotrialbeforethejudgeandthathe(counsel)hadthereforedecided togoforwardandhaveatrialofthecasebeforethejudge.  Thus,thereisnoquestioninthiscasethatthedefendantslawyerwhohadbeenappointedtothedefendantconsentedtohavingthejudgetrythecaseandwaivedanyobjectionthereto.However,inHamiltonv.State,403S.W.2d302(Tenn.1966),ourSupremeCourtvoicedsomeconcernovertheefficacyofsuchwaiversbypublicdefenders.Inthatcase,thejudgewhohadsignedthedefendantsarrestwarrantasaGeneralSessionsjudgelaterpresidedinCriminalCourtoverthedefendantstrial.Thedefendantwasrepresentedbyapublicdefenderwho,accordingtothedistrictattorneygeneral,hadagreedthatthecasewouldbetriedbythisjudge.Thepublicdefenderdidnotrecallsuchanagreement,butdidnotdenyit.TheSupremeCourtdeterminedthataretrialwasnecessary,notingaconcernabouttheefficacyofthedefendantsconsenthavingbeengivenbya Stateagent.Hamilton,403S.W.2dat303.ThisdecisionwaslaterdescribedbyourSupremeCourtasresting onthefactthattherewasnoclearevidenceofwaiverorconsent,andonthepossibilitythatundertherecordthewaiverhadbeenbystateappointedcounselandsowasstateaction,nottheactionofthedefendanthimself.Stateexrel.Robertsv.Henderson,442S.W.2d629,631(Tenn.1969).  Assetforthabove,thereisclearevidenceinthiscaseofdefensecounselsconsentandwaiverbycounsel.Thus,theonlyissueforourconsiderationiswhetherthewaiverandconsentarebindingonthedefendant.  IntherecentcaseofHousev.State,911S.W.2d705(Tenn.1995),ourSupremeCourtconsideredtheissueofwaiverinthepostconvictioncontext.Inthatcase,thepetitionerwastryingtoraisegroundsforreliefthathislawyerhadfailedtoraiseinapriorpostconvictionproceeding.Thepostconvictionactineffectatthetimeprovidedthatgroundsforreliefnotpreviouslyraisedwerepresumedwaived.T.C.A.4030112(b)(1990).Thepetitionercontendedthatthispresumptionwasovercomebyhisallegationthathehadnot,withpersonalknowledgeandchoice,waivedtheomittedgroundsforrelief.TheCourtrejectedthiscontention,holdinginsteadthattheefficacyofthewaiverwastobedetermined byanobjectivestandardunderwhichapetitionerisboundbytheactionorinactionofhisattorney.Id.at714.Significantlyforourpurposesinthiscase,theCourtmadenodistinctionbetweenretainedattorneysandattorneysprovidedbytheStatewithrespecttowhethertheclientwasbound.  Accordingly,wedonotconsiderthelanguageinHamiltonregardingthedefendantsattorneyas Stateagenttobedispositiveoftheissuebeforeus.Wearemindfulthatcertainconstitutionalrightsaresofundamentalastorequirethatthedefendantwaivethempersonally.See,e.g.,Statev.Mackey,553S.W.2d337,340(Tenn.1977)(waiversinconjunctionwithguiltypleaofrightagainstcompulsoryselfincrimination,righttotrialbyjury,andrighttoconfrontaccusersmustbepersonallymade).However,wedonotconsidertheconstitutionalrightatissueinthiscasetobewithinthatcategory.Thus,weholdthatdefensecounselsdecisionwasbindingonthedefendantandconstitutedconsenttothejudgespresidingoverthetrialandawaiverofthisconstitutionalright.Therefore,wereversethejudgmentbelowgrantingthedefendantanewtrial.  Thedefendantalsocontendsthatthecourtbelowerredindismissinghis X ќmotiontodismissthechargesagainsthimonthegroundsofdoublejeopardy. )   ׀Thedefendantsautomobilewasseizedincidenttohisarrestontheinstantcharges,andlaterforfeited.Thedefendantcontendsthatthisforfeitureconstitutedapunishment,andaseparatecriminalconvictionisthereforebarredbytheStateandfederalconstitutionalprotectionsagainstdoublejeopardy.  RelyingontheUnitedStateSupremeCourtsrecentdecisioninU.S.v.Ursery,___U.S.___,116S.Ct.2135,135L.Ed.2d549(1996),thisCourthaspreviouslyheldthattheforfeitureofadefendantscarunderTennesseesforfeiturestatute,T.C.A.5311451,doesnotpreventaseparatecriminalprosecutionand/orconvictionondoublejeopardygrounds.See,e.g.,Statev.CharlesDavidWagner,No.03C019511CC00346,SullivanCounty(Tenn.Crim.App.filedSept.18,1996,atKnoxville).Specifically,weheldinWagnerthat Tennesseesforfeiturestatutes,T.C.A.5311451and5311201,areinthenatureofcivilinremproceedings,andareneitherpunishmentnorcriminalforpurposesofthefederalDoubleJeopardyClause.WefurtherheldthatTennesseesdoublejeopardyclauseofferednofurtherprotection.TheruleweannouncedinWagnerapplieshere.Accordingly,thedefendantscontentioniswithoutmerit,andweaffirmthejudgmentbelowdismissingthedefendantsmotiontodismiss.  Thejudgmentbelowgrantingthedefendantanewtrialisreversedandvacatedandtheconvictionisreinstated.Thejudgmentbelowdenyingthedefendantsmotiontodismissisaffirmed.Thiscauseisremandedtothetrialcourtforfurtherproceedingsconsistentwiththisopinion.          ___________________________________      JOHNH.PEAY,Judge  ќCONCUR:___________________________________DAVIDH.WELLES,Judge___________________________________JERRYL.SMITH,Judge