ÿWPCÀ  s©ªç©Å‰àˆQ÷†ÈGäî0< 3°xDZ Ý0žSmÃ{ŸíÓÝn_¢~QÐÞZWËí×Jѹg¶9CK{û_Ÿú¦)/† A•7kX)—nÉBœ„­\³OÌ&ëtHÛë}UB£|òA}ä±¼×| eý Ó6£L1Ê÷¶h ØbDmøU+ °]^¾¥Œ_suªfA¦*-,ÌZ=AEaÓ%®Ëvlaž ¼v­1HXó2|ÐËn[@<Ÿye–"帩#³˜¦pqù­†¡TÏîJ»bn&x-€$Æ Ù—?—|DZÊUà2l.Ô“q6N: È ßÞ}9Öcíó”Yñ ðzç{7¢Á™N ç¯vÅú½ÚV¼»LP†øgã¬Y™wØLŠÍ0X Í6V’Î^©»h “…bCwØ$›‡á{M&XßP°Je }Î+æ'‘=lYêùÉ)# >UNI %— 0(w@Å4(U:0U :jU:¤)ÞU: AQAÆ’ 0DX 0Dœ 0Dà à D/$ BS Bp D3 ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ öD÷øDùDú_eûeüDýþÓ€ n~<$3|x ,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ XúXXXÔÔ€ õ X XúÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ XúX õ ÔÐ  ÐÌò òDecember€29,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôZŒôX XúÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular !"#%Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd&&&&'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñûñ›ñûññûññúñ›ñúññûññúñ›ñúñÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ XÏgXXXÔÓ  Óœñ ññ ññ ññþñœñþñßr€ (<,(j 8` `€€@E ±` ttx$X°ð Õrßñ ññþññþñIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° Ðñ ñœßt€ (>.*jxYÿ8` `€€@EyØ` ttx$± ð tß›ñ ñÌAT€JACKSONÌÌOCTOBER€1998€SESSIONòòÐ pÀ Ðò òÌÌÌÌÓ  Óóóó óSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEò ò,à h àà À àà  àó ó)ò òÐ  p  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àó ó)ò òà p àó óC.C.A.€No.€02C01„9712„CC„00469ò ò€€€€Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àó óAppellee,à h àà À àà  à)Ð P  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àMadison€CountyÐ ð@  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð à0  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHonorable€Franklin€Murchison,€JudgeÐ Ð  ÐBENJAMIN€BLACKWELL,òòò òà h àó óóóJR.,òòò òà À àà  àó óóó)Ð À Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àMurder€Second€Degreeòòò òÐ ° Ðà ` àà ¸ àó óóóAppellant.òòò òà h àà À àà  àó óóó)Ð  ð ÐÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð @ Ðà ` àÌMs.€Jan€R.€Pattersonà h àà À àà  àà p àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ  p Ð225€West€Baltimoreà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ ` ÐSuite€Bà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÐ P ÐJackson,€TN€€38301à h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð ð@ Ð(On€Appeal)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àElizabeth€T.€RyanÌGeorge€Morton€Googeà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ À! ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÐ °"  Ð227€West€Baltimoreà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493òòò òÐ  #ð! Ðó óóóJackson,€TN€€38301Ð $à" Ð(At€Trial)à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJames€G.€WoodallÐ €%Ð # Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌDaniel€J.€Taylorà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à225€Martin€Luther€King€DriveÐ `'°"% ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àà p àJackson,€TN€€38301Ð P( #& Ð227€West€BaltimoreÌJackson,€TN€€38301à h àà À àà  àà p àDonald€H.€AllenÐ 0*€%( Ð(At€Trial)à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ  +p&) Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à225€Martin€Luther€King€DriveÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJackson,€TN€€38301ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_______________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGEÌÐ   :p59 ÐÔ‡ Šì¼ŠX XÏgÔÓ  ÓÑ7€¼’XXdðXXdð7Ñò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóÔ#† XÏgXŠ Šì¼[#ÔÐ ° ÐÓzÓÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà ` àThe€appellant,€Benjamin€Blackwell,€Jr.,€herein€referred€to€as€the€defendant,€appealsÏas€of€right€from€a€judgment€of€the€Madison€County€Circuit€Court€wherein€a€jury€found€theÏdefendant€guilty€of€murder€second€degree.€In€accordance€with€the€juryððs€verdict,€the€trialÏcourt€sentenced€the€defendant€to€18€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€The€defendantÏhas€presented€five€issues€for€appellate€review:ÌÌÓÓÓ*°,XƒXŒ –X°œX*Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à1.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€mutual€combat€between€two€drunken€adultÐ Ô$ Ðunarmed€men€in€a€parking€lot€is€factually€insufficient€toÏsupport€a€conviction€of€murder€second€degree.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àñûññûñ2.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€judge€erred€in€giving€an€incompleteÐ ”ä Ðinstruction€on€the€range€of€punishment€whichÏcompletely€disregarded€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à3.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€judge€erred€in€admitting€autopsyÐ T¤ Ðphotographs€of€Craig€Williams€which€were€graphic,Ïhorrible€and€did€not€accurately€depict€the€condition€ofÏCraig€Williams€after€the€fight.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à4.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€judge€committed€reversible€error€inÐ T Ðrefusing€to€give€the€jury€a€curative€instruction€asÏrequested€concerning€the€oral€statement€of€co„¼defendant,€Kimberly€Lewis,€allegedly€made€to€JacksonÏPolice€Officer€Urig,€at€the€time€of€Lewisððs€testimony.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à5.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€judge€erred€in€concurring€in€the€verdictÐ ¤$ô" Ðof€the€jury€instead€of€independently€weighing€theÏevidence€as€required€by€Rule€33(f)€of€the€TennesseeÏRules€of€Criminal€Procedure.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÓàÓÌà ` àAfter€a€thorough€review€of€the€evidence€in€the€record,€briefs€of€all€parties,€and€theÏapplicable€law,€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€is€affirmed.€ÌÌÓ  Óò òFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDÐ ä/4+. ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àAt€approximately€4:00€a.m.€on€September€29,€1995,€the€defendant€and€the€victim,Ð ¤3ô.2 ÐCraig€Williams,€began€fighting€on€the€parking€lot€of€K„Mart€in€Jackson,€Madison€County,ÏTennessee.€€As€a€result€of€this€fight,€Williams€died€from€blows€to€the€head.€The€defendantÏand€a€co„defendant,€Kimberly€Lewis,€were€charged€with€murder€second€degree.€On€MayÐ D9”48 Ð30,€1997,€a€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€murder€second€degree€and€the€co„defendant,Ð þ8N4: ÐKimberly€Lewis,€not€guilty.ÌÌà ` àSince€the€defendant€questions€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€to€support€murderÏsecond€degree,€we€set€forth€the€salient€facts€in€this€case.€ÌÌà ` àSergeant€J.€D.€Hale,€patrol€shift€supervisor€for€the€Jackson€Police€Department,Ïtestified€he€and€Officer€Randy€Urig€responded€to€a€fight€call,€received€at€4:25€a.m.€onÏSeptember€29,€1995€at€the€Planet€Rock€nightclub€parking€lot.€€Sergeant€Hale€did€not€seeÏa€fight€or€any€disturbance€and€watched€a€crowd€leave€the€Planet€Rock.€€Sergeant€HaleÏentered€the€nightclub€after€receiving€a€call€that€a€person€inside€was€not€breathing.€€In€theÏback€office€of€the€Planet€Rock,€Sergeant€Hale€found€Craig€Williams,€unconscious€andÏslumped€over€in€a€chair.€Sergeant€Hale€described€Williamsððs€skin€color€as€very€pale€andÏabnormal.€€He€could€not€detect€a€heartbeat€or€pulse€on€Williams.€€Sergeant€Hale€observedÏan€abrasion€to€Williamsððs€left€temple€extending€under€the€eye€to€the€top€of€the€cheekbone.ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Randy€Urig,€patrolman€for€the€Jackson€Police€Department,€testified€heÏresponded€to€the€same€fight€call€as€Sergeant€Hale.€Officer€Urig€heard€another€call€thatÏEmergency€Medical€Services€had€been€dispatched€to€the€Planet€Rock.€€Officer€UrigÏaccompanied€Sergeant€Hale€inside€the€Planet€Rock€and€observed€Craig€Williams€in€theÏrear€office€in€a€chair.€€It€appeared€Williams€was€not€breathing.€€Officer€Urig€talked€to€severalÏpersons€in€the€club€and€obtained€the€name€of€a€suspect,€who€left€the€club€in€a€small€redÏcar.€€The€first€three€numbers€of€the€license€plate€were€188.€€Officer€Urig€went€to€the€homeÏof€Kimberly€Lewis,€where€he€arrested€the€defendant,€Ms.€Lewis,€and€two€other€persons.€ÌÌà ` àDonna€Johnson,€crime€scene€technician€for€the€Jackson€Police€Department,€testified€Ïshe€was€sent€to€the€home€of€Kimberly€Lewis€to€collect€evidence.€€Officer€Johnson€retrievedÏa€pair€of€cowboy€boots€and€a€plaid€shirt.€€She€also€took€photographs€of€a€red€NissanÏautomobile€parked€at€Ms.€Lewisððs€residence.€€Officer€Johnson€later€obtained€a€pair€ofÏwomenððs€shoes€and€a€satin€skirt€from€Kimberly€Lewis.ÌÐ Ì84: Ðà ` àDr.€OððBrien€Clarey€Smith,€forensic€pathologist,€testified€he€performed€an€autopsy€onÏCraig€Williams€on€September€29,€1995.€€Based€on€his€autopsy€findings,€Dr.€Smith€testifiedÏCraig€Williams€died€as€a€result€of€blows€to€the€head,€which€produced€internal€bleeding,Ïbrain€swelling,€and€death€thereafter.€€Dr.€Smith€determined€the€victim€received€a€minimumÏof€eight€blows,€two€of€which€were€severe.€The€victim€received€a€severe€blow€to€the€leftÏtemple€and€behind€the€right€ear.€€The€blows€were€caused€by€a€pattern€of€some€particularÏtype€of€blunt€instrument.€When€shown€a€pair€of€cowboy€boots,€Dr.€Smith€was€of€the€opinionÏñúñœñúñthoseñúñ›ñúñ€boots€could€have€produced€the€pattern€behind€the€victimððs€right€ear€and€the€base€ofÏthe€neck,€but€not€the€pattern€on€the€victimððs€left€temple.€€Dr.€Smith€believed€it€took€aÏmoderate€degree€of€force€to€cause€the€injuries€sustained€by€the€victim.€The€autopsyÏrevealed€the€victim€had€a€blood„alcohol€content€of€.20€percent.ÌÌà ` àCharles€Dillinger,€security€guard/doorman€at€the€Planet€Rock,€testified€he€wasÏworking€on€September€29,€1995.€€Dillinger€had€to€intervene€in€an€argument€between€CraigÏWilliams,€the€defendant,€and€three€other€persons.€€Dillinger€told€all€parties€to€sit€down€orÏleave.€In€Dillingerððs€opinion,€both€Craig€Williams€and€the€defendant€were€intoxicated.€ÏHowever,€the€argument€between€Williams€and€the€defendant€continued€and€Dillinger€hadÏthem€leave.€€As€the€defendant€and€his€party€left€the€club,€Dillinger€attempted€to€stopÏWilliams€because€he€was€ð ðway€too€drunk,ðð€but€Williams€continued€outside.€€DillingerÏtestified€the€two€men€got€face„to„face,€and€he€stepped€between€them€and€told€them€he€wasÏgoing€to€call€the€police.€€The€defendant€shoved€Williams,€and€Dillinger€left€to€call€the€police.€ÏAfter€making€the€call,€Dillinger€returned€to€the€parking€lot€and€saw€two€cars€and€a€truckÏleaving€K„Martððs€parking€lot.€Dillinger€returned€to€the€club€and€observed€Craig€Williams€inÏthe€back€office.€€Dillinger€checked€the€victimððs€pulse,€which€was€ð ðreal€faint.ðð€€The€victimððsÏbreathing€was€erratic€and€he€made€a€few€gurgling€sounds.€€Dillinger€observed€blood€aroundÏthe€victimððs€mouth€and€nose.ÌÌà ` àAllen€Burney€testified€he€arrived€at€the€Planet€Rock€between€2:30€and€3:00€a.m.€onÏSeptember€29,€1995€and€met€Scott€Holloway.€€Burney€testified€he€later€went€outside€theÏclub€looking€for€a€ride€when€he€saw€a€crowd€on€the€K„Mart€parking€lot.€€Burney€saw€twoÐ Ì84: Ðmen€fighting,€inflicting€serious€injury€on€each€other.€€Burney€observed€Craig€WilliamsÏstumble€and€fall€off€balance€from€a€blow.€€Williams€was€on€his€side,€face€down,€andÏattempting€to€get€up€when€the€defendant€kicked€him€ð ðpretty€hardðð€in€the€temple.€€BurneyÏtestified€the€defendant€was€wearing€boot„type€shoes.ÌÌà ` àScott€Holloway€testified€he€was€at€the€Planet€Rock€on€September€29,€1995,€in€theÏearly€morning€hours,€when€he€heard€a€fight€was€taking€place€outside.€€Holloway€wentÏoutside€where€he€saw€Williams€and€a€larger€man€with€a€tattoo€ñúñœñúñwalkingñúñ›ñúñ€to€the€parking€lot.€ÏThe€two€men€were€arguing€and€then€the€man€with€the€tattoo€pushed€Williams.€€HollowayÏsaw€this€man€on€top€of€Williams,€hitting€him€in€the€head.€€Holloway€observed€the€man€strikeÏWilliams€four€or€five€times€with€what€he€presumed€to€be€a€closed€fist.€ÌÌà ` àWilliam€Western€testified€he€was€driving€by€the€parking€lot€near€the€Planet€RockÏbetween€4:00€and€4:35€a.m.€on€September€29,€1995.€€Western€heard€someone€yell€andÏsaw€a€person€kicking€something€on€the€ground.€€Western€pulled€into€the€parking€lot,€threwÏhis€headlights€on€the€crowd,€and€saw€a€person€on€the€ground.€€Western€heard€a€girlÏscream,€ð ðLetððs€get€out€of€here€now.ðð€€Western€recalled€the€person€doing€the€kicking€wasÏstocky€built€and€was€not€wearing€a€shirt.€€Western€testified€the€stocky€person€and€three€orÏfour€others€got€ñúñœñúñintoñúñ›ñúñ€a€small€red€car€and€left.€€Western€obtained€the€license€plate€numbersÏ188„J€as€the€car€left.ÌÌà ` àKevin€Dismuke€testified€he€was€at€the€Planet€Rock€on€September€29,€1995€and€sawÏCraig€Williams€and€the€defendant€arguing.€€Dismuke€testified€the€defendant€and€KimberlyÏLewis€went€outside,€followed€by€ñúñœñúñWilliams.ñúñ›ñúñ€€Dismuke€attempted€to€get€Williams€to€go€backÏin€the€club,€but€the€defendant€and€Williams€started€fighting.€€Dismuke€went€in€the€club€toÏcall€the€police.€€Upon€Dismukeððs€return,€Dismuke€saw€Williams€on€his€hands€and€kneesÏattempting€to€get€up.€€Dismuke€saw€the€defendant€kick€Williams€on€the€side€of€the€face.€ÏAfter€the€defendant€left,€Dismuke€went€to€Williams,€who€was€breathing€but€unconscious.€ÏDismuke€assisted€in€getting€Williams€inside€the€club.ÌÐ Ì84: Ðà ` à€Richard€Scobille€testified€he€was€at€the€Planet€Rock€at€2:30€a.m.€on€September€29,Ï1995,€and€saw€Craig€Williams€who€was€ð ðvery€much€intoxicated.ðð€€Scobille€testified€theÏbouncer€had€to€go€to€the€rear€of€the€club€and€quell€an€argument€between€ñúñœñúñWilliamsñúñ›ñúñ€andÏsomeone.€€Scobille€observed€Williams€go€outside€and€come€back€in.€€Then€the€defendantÏand€his€party€went€outside.€€Scobille€testified€Williams€and€the€defendant€got€into€aÏshouting€match€and€the€defendant€threatened€to€ð ðkick€his€ass.ðð€ñúñœñúñ€Theñúñ›ñúñ€defendant€took€off€hisÏñúñœñúñshirtñúñ›ñúñ€while€ranting,€raving,€and€cursing€ñúñœñúñat€Williams.ñúñ›ñúñ€€Scobille€testified€the€defendant€shovedÏWilliams€in€the€chest€and€then€walked€to€the€K„Mart€parking€lot.€€Williams€followed€him.€ÏScobille€observed€a€scuffle€and€went€inside€the€club€to€call€the€police.€€Upon€ScobilleððsÏreturn,€he€observed€Williams€lying€on€his€back€on€the€ground€with€the€defendant€sitting€onÏtop€of€his€chest.€€The€defendant€held€Williams€with€his€left€hand€and€struck€him€with€hisÏright€fist€eight€to€ten€times.€Scobille€described€the€blows€as€ð ðvery€hardðð€to€the€left€side€ofÏthe€head.€€While€Williams€was€on€the€ground,€Kimberly€Lewis€approached€and€kickedÏWilliams€several€times€about€the€upper€torso.€€The€defendant€got€off€Williamsððs€chest.€ÏWilliams€tried€to€get€up,€but€spun€around€and€fell€back€to€the€ground€face€down.€€Then€theÏdefendant€went€up€to€Williams€and€kicked€him€in€the€back€of€the€head€twice€with€theÏcowboy€boots€he€had€on.€€As€Scobille€and€another€person€approached,€the€defendant€andÏthree€others€left€in€a€car.€€Scobille€assisted€Williams€inside€the€club.ÌÌà ` àJ.€R.€Golden,€investigator€for€the€violent€crimes€bureau€of€the€Jackson€PoliceÏDepartment,€testified€he€interviewed€the€defendant€at€11:00€a.m.€on€September€29,€1995Ïand€obtained€a€statement.€€After€acknowledging€his€òòMirandaóó€rights,€the€defendant€relatedÐ l*¼%* Ðhe€and€Arlie€Pounds€were€shooting€pool€in€the€Planet€ñúñœñúñRockñúñ›ñúñ€when€he€saw€Kimberly€LewisÏand€Craig€Williams€dancing€and€exchanging€words.€Williams€wanted€to€fight€Pounds€andÏthe€bouncer€told€them€to€go€outside.€€Outside,€Williams€and€Pounds€ñúñœñúñargued;ñúñ›ñúñ€then€WilliamsÏpushed€Ms.€Lewis.€€The€defendant€took€off€his€shirt.€€The€defendant€and€Williams€walkedÏover€to€K„Martððs€parking€lot.€€The€defendant€and€Williams€began€swinging€at€each€other,Ïand€the€defendant€wrestled€Williams€to€the€ground.€€The€defendant€got€on€top€of€WilliamsÏand€punched€him€in€the€head€a€few€times.€€Then€the€defendant€got€up,€and€WilliamsÏstarted€up€towards€him.€€The€defendant€kicked€him€in€the€jaw.€€The€defendant€left€with€Ms.Ð Ð8 4: ÐLewis,€Arlie€Pounds,€and€Jessica€Damlow.€€Investigator€Golden€testified€he€obtained€bloodÏsamples€at€2:00€p.m.€from€the€defendant,€which€were€analyzed€by€the€Tennessee€BureauÏof€Investigation.€€The€sample€indicated€a€blood„alcohol€content€of€.05€percent.ÌÌà ` àIt€was€stipulated€by€both€the€state€and€the€defense€for€the€benefit€of€the€jury€that€theÏdefendantððs€blood„alcohol€content€would€have€been€higher€at€the€time€of€offense.€€Also,Ïno€blood€was€found€on€the€defendantððs€cowboy€boots.ÌÌà ` àIn€behalf€of€both€defendants,€Ms.€Jessica€Damlow€testified€she,€Kimberly€Lewis,€theÏdefendant,€and€Arlie€Pounds€arrived€at€the€Planet€Rock€at€about€2:30€a.m.€Ms.€DamlowÏtestified€that€Ms.€Lewis€became€upset€with€Craig€Williams€over€a€dance,€which€caused€theÏdefendant€to€become€upset.€€Williams€and€Pounds€got€into€a€staring€contest€and€theÏdefendant€advised€them€to€settle€down.€ñúñœñúñWilliamsñúñ›ñúñ€and€the€defendant€argued,€and€theÏbouncer€told€them€they€would€have€to€leave.€€As€they€got€outside,€the€defendant€took€offÏhis€shirt€and€Williams€stated,€ð ðIððm€not€fighting,€you€know,€this€is€stupid.ðð€€Then,€WilliamsÏchanged€his€attitude€and€began€calling€the€girls€derogatory€names.€€Ms.€Damlow€testifiedÏMs.€Lewis€slapped€Williams.€Ms.€Damlow€and€the€bouncer€went€inside.€€Ms.€Damlow€wentÏback€outside€and€saw€Williams€roll€twice.€€Ms.€Damlow€heard€the€police€was€coming€soÏshe,€the€defendant,€Pounds,€and€Ms.€Lewis€got€in€their€car€and€left.ÌÌà ` àArlie€Pounds€testified€he,€the€defendant,€Ms.€Lewis,€and€Ms.€Damlow€arrived€at€theÏPlanet€Rock€at€2:30€a.m.€€Pounds€observed€Ms.€Lewis€and€Craig€Williams€dancing€andÏWilliams€followed€her€to€their€table.€€It€was€obvious€Williams€was€intoxicated€because€heÏwas€boisterous€and€was€slurring€his€speech.€€Pounds€testified€a€bouncer€made€WilliamsÏleave€when€another€bouncer€told€the€defendant€if€there€was€going€to€be€a€fight,€it€had€toÏbe€outside€on€K„Martððs€lot.€€As€they€got€outside,€the€defendant€and€Williams€had€ð ðfightingÏwords.ðð€€The€defendant€and€Williams€swung€at€each€other€several€times€and€missed.€ÏWilliams€tackled€the€defendant€and€got€on€top€of€him.€€The€defendant€flipped€Williams€overÏand€struck€him€three€or€four€times.€€The€defendant€then€got€up€and€went€to€the€car.€ÏPounds€looked€back€and€saw€Williams€walking€unassisted€towards€the€club.€Ð Ì84: Їà ` àIn€his€own€behalf,€the€defendant€testified€that€prior€to€arriving€at€the€Planet€Rock,€heÏhad€drunk€some€beer€from€a€six„pack€and€consumed€more€at€Gilliganððs.€€At€Planet€Rock,Ïthe€defendant€and€Arlie€Pounds€bought€a€couple€of€beers.€The€defendant€testified€heÏobserved€Craig€Williams€and€Kim€Lewis€dancing.€€Williams€began€rubbing€on€Ms.€LewisÏand€getting€too€close€to€her.€€ñúñœñúñWilliamsñúñ›ñúñ€followed€Ms.€Lewis€to€the€table€and€became€veryÏobnoxious.€€Then,€the€defendant€and€Williams€exchanged€words.€A€bouncer€came€to€theÏtable€and€told€the€party€to€settle€down.€ñúñœñúñ€Williamsñúñ›ñúñ€went€outside,€and€a€bouncer€told€ñúñœñúñtheÏdefendantñúñ›ñúñ€and€Pounds€that€they€were€wanted€outside.€The€defendant€went€outside€whereÏWilliams€was€cursing€and€the€defendant€retorted.€€The€defendant€took€his€shirt€off€and€bothÏmen€walked€to€K„Martððs€parking€lot.€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€he€and€Williams€swung€at€each€other,€but€missed.€Then,ÏWilliams€and€the€defendant€fell€to€the€ground.€€Williams€got€on€top€of€the€defendant€andÏstruck€him€in€the€face.€The€defendant€testified€he€rolled€Williams€over,€got€on€top€of€him,Ïand€ð ðbustedðð€him€a€few€times€in€the€face.€The€defendant€got€up€and€as€Williams€wasÏñúñœñúñgettingñúñ›ñúñ€up,€the€defendant€kicked€him€in€the€jaw.€€As€ñúñœñúñthe€defendant€and€his€partyñúñ›ñúñ€wereÏleaving,€the€defendant€ñúñœñúñsaw€Williams€get€upñúñ›ñúñ€on€his€ñúñœñúñown.€€The€defendantñúñ›ñúñ€had€no€intentionÏto€kill€Craig€Williams.€ÌÌà ` àThe€co„defendant,€Kimberly€Lewis,€testified€she,€the€defendant,€Arlie€Pounds,€andÏJessica€Damlow€were€at€the€Planet€Rock€when€she€saw€Craig€Williams,€who€she€hadÏknown€all€her€life.€€€Williams€was€heavily€intoxicated€and€asked€Ms.€Lewis€to€dance.€TheÏdefendant€got€angry€over€the€way€Williams€danced€with€Ms.€Lewis.€€At€the€table,€WilliamsÏand€the€defendant€exchanged€words.€€Ms.€Lewis€described€the€defendant€as€ð ðreally€drunk.ððÏA€bouncer€came€to€the€table€and€told€Williams€to€leave.€€After€Williams€left,€word€was€sentÏthat€the€defendant€and€Pounds€were€wanted€outside.€Outside,€the€defendant€and€WilliamsÏstarted€fighting.€Ms.€Lewis€attempted€to€settle€down€Williams.€€Williams€seemed€to€settleÏñúñœñúñdown,€butñúñ›ñúñ€then€began€cursing€at€Ms.€Lewis.€€At€this€exchange€of€words,€the€defendant€tookÏoff€his€shirt€and€walked€to€K„Martððs€lot.€€Both€men€swung€at€each€ñúñœñúñotherñúñ›ñúñ€ñúñœñúñandñúñ›ñúñ€missed.€€BothÏmen€fell€to€the€ground€with€Williams€on€ñúñœñúñtop.€€Theñúñ›ñúñ€defendant€flipped€Williams€over€andÐ Ì84: Ðstarted€punching€him€several€times.€€Ms.€Lewis€approached€both€men€and€yelled€at€theÏdefendant,€ð ðLetððs€go.ðð€€€When€Ms.€Lewis€did€not€receive€a€response€from€the€defendant,Ïshe€ð ðkind€of€kick[ed]€at€Ben.ðð€€The€defendant€got€up€and€as€Williams€was€attempting€to€getÏup,€the€defendant€kicked€ñúñœñúñhimñúñ›ñúñ€and€he€fell€down.€€Ms.€Lewis€denied€kicking€the€victim,€CraigÏWilliams.€ÌÌà ` àBased€upon€all€the€testimony,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€murder€secondÏdegree€and€Ms.€Lewis€not€guilty.ÌÌÓ  Óò òAPPELLATE€ISSUESÐ Ü, ÐÌA.€ñúñœñúñ€Insufficiencyñúñ›ñúñ€of€Evidence€to€Support€ñúñœñúñMurderñúñ›ñúñ€Second€DegreeÌÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€strongly€contends€that€mutual€combat€between€two€drunken€men€isÐ <Œ Ðfactually€insufficient€to€support€a€guilty€verdict€of€murder€second€degree.€The€ñúñœñúñstateñúñ›ñúñÏcounters€there€are€sufficient€facts€for€the€jury€to€have€determined€the€defendant€knowinglyÏkilled€the€victim,€Craig€Williams.€In€addition,€the€defendant€requests€this€ñúñœñúñcourtñúñ›ñúñ€to€takeÏjudicial€notice€of€ñúñœñúñtheñúñ›ñúñ€deposition€of€Dr.€James€H.€Shull,€taken€in€a€related€civil€ñúñœñúñcase,ñúñ›ñúñ€as€toÏwhether€the€victim€would€have€lived€had€he€received€prompt€medical€treatment.€€Dr.€ShullÏdid€not€testify€at€the€criminal€trial.€€We€decline€to€accept€the€defendantððs€request€to€reviewÏthis€deposition,€since€this€evidence€was€not€contemplated€by€Rules€13(c)€and€14€of€theÏTennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€ÌÌà ` àWhen€reviewing€a€trial€courtððs€judgment,€the€appellate€court€will€not€disturb€a€verdictÏof€guilty€unless€the€facts€in€the€record€and€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€it€areÏinsufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt.€òò€óóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)òò;€State€v.€Tuggle,€óó639€S.W.2d€913€(Tenn.Ð ˜3è.4 Ð1982);€òòState€v.€Brewer,€óó932€S.W.2d€1,€19€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€Initially,€a€defendantÐ h5¸06 Ðis€cloaked€with€the€presumption€of€innocence.€òò€Tuggle,€óó639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€However,€aÐ 87ˆ28 Ðjury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€soÐ 9X4: Ðthat€on€appeal€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidenceÏis€insufficient.€òò€Id.€óó€In€determining€the€sufficiency€of€evidence,€this€ñúñœñúñcourtñúñ›ñúñ€does€not€reweighÐ |Ì Ðor€reevaluate€the€evidence.€òòState€v.€Cabbage,€óó571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€OnÐ Lœ Ðappeal,€the€ñúñœñúñstateñúñ›ñúñ€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€allÏlegitimate€or€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€òòState€v.€Harris,€óó839Ð è 8 ÐS.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€It€is€the€appellate€courtððs€duty€to€affirm€the€conviction€if€theÏevidence€viewed€under€these€standards€was€sufficient€for€any€rational€trier€of€fact€to€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€òò€Jackson€v.Ð P   ÐVirginia,€óó443€U.S.€307,€319òò,€óó99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazes,Ð  p Ðóó875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994).€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicatedÐ ð@ Ðupon€the€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€both€direct€andÏcircumstantial€evidence.€òòState€v.€Matthews,€óó805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).Ð ˆØ ÐÌà ` àTennessee€Code€Annotated€Ô‡ XÉÄXX XÉÄÔððÔ#† XÉÄXX XÉĵa#Ô€39„13„210(a)(1)€defines€second€degree€murder€asÐ $t Ðð ða€knowing€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Ô‡ XÉÄXX XÉÄÔððÔ#† XÉÄXX XÉÄ€b#Ô€39„11„302(b)€defines€knowingÐ ð@ Ðas€follows:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àð ðKnowingðð€refers€to€a€person€who€acts€knowingly€with€respectÏto€the€conduct€or€to€circumstances€surrounding€the€conductÏwhen€the€person€is€aware€of€the€nature€of€the€conduct€or€thatÏthe€circumstances€exist.€A€person€acts€knowingly€with€respectÏto€a€result€of€the€personððs€conduct€when€the€person€is€awareÏthat€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓcÓÌÌà ` àThus,€the€ñúñœñúñstateñúñ›ñúñ€must€establish€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€a€defendant€commitsÏmurder€second€degree€when€the€defendant,€in€certain€situations,€has€an€awareness€thatÏhis€conduct€was€reasonably€certain€to€cause€a€result€or€the€result.€The€distinction€betweenÏmurder€second€degree€and€voluntary€manslaughter€is€that€voluntary€manslaughter€requiresÏthat€the€killing€result€from€a€state€of€passion€produced€by€adequate€provocation€sufficientÏto€lead€a€reasonable€person€to€act€in€an€irrational€manner.€ÌÌà ` àIn€òòHunt€v.€State,€óó202€Tenn.€227,€303€S.W.2d€740€(1957),€our€supreme€court€heldÐ 7h28 Ðthat€when€a€death€occurs€from€a€mutual€combat,€the€proof€supports€only€a€conviction€forÐ è884: Ðvoluntary€manslaughter,€not€second€degree€murder.€€Mutual€combat€has€been€defined€asÏð ðone€into€which€both€parties€enter€willingly,€or€in€which€two€persons,€upon€a€sudden€quarrel,Ïand€in€hot€blood,€mutually€fight.ðð€€òòBlackððs€Law€Dictionaryò òóó€ó ó266€(6th€ed.€1990).€€In€òòState€v.Ð H˜ ÐJohnson,€óó909€S.W.2d€461,€464€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€denied€óó(Tenn.€1995),€ourÐ $ t Ðcourt€wrote:ÌÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àMutual€combat€is€not€a€statutory€defense.€òòSee€generally,€óóTenn.Ð ŒÜ  ÐCode€Ann.€Ô‡ XÉÄXX XÉÄÔððÔ#† XÉÄXX XÉÄ"j#ÔÔ‡ XÉÄXX XÉÄÔððÔ#† XÉÄXX XÉÄhj#Ô€39„11„203,€„204,€and€„501€through€„621.€TheÐ tÄ  Ðunderlying€facts€may€qualify,€however,€as€ð ðadequateÏprovocation€sufficient€to€lead€a€reasonable€person€to€act€in€anÏirrational€manner.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô‡ XÉÄXX XÉÄÔððÔ#† XÉÄXX XÉÄŽk#Ô€39„13„211(a).€€WhetherÐ &v Ðthe€acts€constitute€a€ð ðknowing€killingðð€(second€degree€murder)Ïor€a€killing€due€to€ð ðadequate€provocationðð€(voluntaryÏmanslaughter)€is€a€question€for€the€jury.€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓiÓÌà ` àThe€defendant€contends€that€he€participated€in€mutual€ò òunarmed€ó ócombat,€and€thatÐ pÀ Ðalthough€death€occurred,€there€are€no€facts€to€support€the€element€of€a€ð ðknowing€killingððÏor€even€that€of€voluntary€manslaughter.€The€proof€in€this€record€establishes€that€theÏdefendant€and€the€victim€engaged€in€a€fight€after€a€heated€exchange€of€ð ðfighting€words.ððÏSeveral€witnesses€saw€the€defendant€on€top€of€the€victim,€fiercely€striking€the€victim€withÏhis€fist€numerous€times.€€The€proof€indicates€the€defendant€started€to€leave,€but€saw€theÏvictim€on€his€knees€attempting€to€get€up€and€then€proceeded€to€kick€the€victim€twice€in€theÏhead,€causing€severe€internal€injuries€which€resulted€in€death.€Although€the€defendantÏcontends€he€has€been€unable€to€find€any€decisions€upholding€a€murder€second€degreeÏconviction€in€unarmed€fights,€we€find€these€facts€are€strikingly€similar€to€the€holding€in€òòStateÐ ¨)ø$) Ðv.€Jack€Maxie€Welch,€óóDyer€County€No.€02C01„9604„CC„00134€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð x+È&+ ÐJackson,€July€25,€1997).€€In€òòWelch,€óóthe€defendant,€after€drinking€excessively,€got€into€aÐ H-˜(- Ðphysical€fight€with€a€longtime€friend€and€while€the€victim€was€on€the€ground,€the€defendantÏrepeatedly€kicked€the€victim€in€the€abdomen.€This€court€concluded€ð ðthat€the€appellant€wasÏconsciously€aware€of€the€nature€of€his€conduct€and€that€the€conduct,€i.e.€repeated€kicks€toÏthe€abdomen,€was€reasonably€certain€to€cause€death.ðð€òòId.óóÐ |4Ì/5 ÐÌà ` àIn€conclusion,€the€trial€court€charged€the€jury€ñúñœñúñwith€theñúñ›ñúñ€elements€of€murder€secondÏdegree,€voluntary€manslaughter,€reckless€homicide,€and€criminally€negligent€ñúñœñúñhomicide,ñúñ›ñúñ€asÐ ä945; Ðwell€as€the€defense€ñúñœñúñchargesñúñ›ñúñ€of€ñúñœñúñself„defense€and€intoxication.ñúñ›ñúñ€ñúñœñúñ€Theñúñ›ñúñ€jury€had€the€benefit€ofÏobserving€all€ñúñœñúñthe€witnessesñúñ›ñúñ€and€concluded€the€defendant€was€guilty€of€murder€secondÏdegree.€We€find€the€facts€support€the€juryððs€verdict.€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.€Range€of€Punishment€ChargeÐ à 0 ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àIn€this€issue,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€failed€to€charge€the€jury€on€theÐ à  Ðmeaning€of€a€sentence€of€imprisonment€for€the€offenses€charged€and€all€lesser€includedÏoffenses.€€The€state€argues€the€defendant€has€not€raised€the€issue€properly€for€an€appeal.€ÌÌà ` àFrom€our€review€of€the€entire€record,€we€find€the€defendant€has€waived€this€issueÏof€an€improper€jury€instruction€as€to€the€range€of€punishment.€€Rule€3(e),€Tennessee€RulesÏof€Appellate€Procedure,€provides€in€part€that€ð ðin€all€cases€tried€by€a€jury,€no€issue€presentedÏfor€review€shall€be€predicated€upon€error€.€.€.€upon€which€a€new€trial€is€sought,€unless€theÏsame€was€specifically€stated€in€the€motion€for€a€new€trial;€otherwise€such€issues€will€beÏtreated€as€waived.ðð€€This€court€has€consistently€held€that€issues€concerning€instructionsÏgiven€or€refused€by€the€trial€court€are€waived€if€the€issues€were€not€included€in€the€motionÏfor€a€new€trial.€òò€State€v.€Keel,€óó882€S.W.2d€410€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€denied€ñúñœñúñ(óóTenn.ñúñ›ñúñÐ T#¤" Ð1994);€òòState€v.€Jones,€óó733€S.W.2d€517,€524€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Nor€do€we€find€thatÐ $%t $ Ðthis€issue€would€fall€under€the€ð ðplain€errorðð€provisions€of€Rule€52(b),€Tennessee€Rules€ofÏCriminal€Procedure.€€Since€the€defendant€failed€to€raise€an€objection€at€trial€as€to€the€trialÏcourtððs€jury€instructions€on€the€range€of€punishment€and€failed€to€allege€as€error€in€theÏmotion€for€new€trial,€there€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òC.€€Autopsy€PhotographsÐ ð/@+0 ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àIn€this€issue,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€failed€to€properly€weigh€theÐ  3ð.4 Ðprobative€value€of€the€autopsy€photographs€against€the€possibility€of€unfair€prejudice.€€TheÏstate€counters€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€admitting€the€autopsyÏphotographs.Ð 9T4: Їà ` àA€review€of€the€record€establishes€24€autopsy€photographs€taken€by€Dr.€O.€C.€SmithÏwere€introduced€into€evidence,€Exhibit€4A„X,€for€the€juryððs€consideration.€The€defendant,Ïmore€specifically,€objected€to€Exhibit€4„W,€a€photograph€of€the€right€scalp€and€ear€of€theÏvictim€with€blood€concentrated€about€the€rear€of€the€ear.€ñúñœñúñ€In€ruling€on€the€admissibility€ofÏthe€photographs,€the€trial€court€stated,ñúñ›ñúñ€ñúñœñúñð ðTheseñúñ›ñúñ€pictures€are€not€inflammatory,€and€they€areÏnot€gruesome€or€gory€and€they€are€not€the€type€of€pictures€that€would€inflame€or€upset€theÏñúñœñúñjuryñòñ.€.€.€.ñòññóñ„„„ñóññúñ›ñúñ€ñúñœñúññôñ€ñôññûññúñ›ñúññûññôñ[T]ñôññõñtñõñheñúñ›ñúñ€pictures€will€go€in.ðð€€As€part€of€his€argument,€the€defendant€urges€theÏphotographs€fail€to€depict€the€victimððs€appearance€at€the€conclusion€of€the€fight,€thus€theyÏwere€not€relevant€and€only€inflamed€the€jury.€ÌÌà ` àIt€is€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court€to€admit€a€photograph,€and€itsÏdetermination€shall€not€be€reversed€absent€a€clear€showing€of€abuse.€òò€State€v.€Bordis,€óó905Ð tÄ ÐS.W.2d€214,€226€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€denied€óó(Tenn.€1995);€òòState€v.€Banks,€óó564Ð D” ÐS.W.2d€947,€949€(Tenn.€1978).€€Before€a€photograph€may€be€admitted€as€evidence,€it€mustÏbe€relevant€to€an€issue€that€the€jury€must€decide;€and€the€probative€value€must€outweighÏany€prejudicial€effect€that€it€may€have€upon€the€trier€of€fact.€òòState€v.€Braden,€óó867€S.W.2dÐ ¬ü Ð750,€758€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€denied€óó(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Aucoin,€óó756€S.W.2dÐ |!Ì  Ð705,€710€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988),€òòcert.€denied,€óó489€U.S.€1084,€109€S.Ct.€1541,€103Ð L#œ" ÐL.Ed.2d€845€(1989).€€As€to€the€photographsðð€relevancy,€Dr.€Smith€stated:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€photographs€record€in€greater€detail€or€writtenÏobservations€or€hand€drawings€can€convey„„the€appearance€orÏthe€shape€or€the€character€of€some€of€the€injuries€that€Mr.ÏWilliams€sustained.€They€would€be„„also„„able€to€show€theÏrelative€proportion€of€the€injuries€to€the€body,€since€a€preparedÏbody€diagram€œiñüñdñüñ›œñýñsñýñ›€fairly€generic€in€its€makeup€and€people€comeÏin€different€sizes€and€shapes.€The€photographs€more€readilyÏdepict€the€actual€character€or€extent€of€the€injury.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ„ÓÌà ` àWe€agree€with€the€trial€court€the€photographs€were€not€gory€or€so€prejudicial€as€toÏinflame€the€jury€in€their€deliberations.€The€photographs€were€relevant€to€assist€the€jury€inÏdetermining€the€victimððs€cause€of€death.€€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òD.€€Trial€Courtððs€Failure€to€Give€Curative€InstructionÐ ú7J39 ÐÐ Ò9"5; Ðó óÓ  Óà ` àIn€this€issue,€the€defendant€complains€the€trial€court€failed€to€give€a€curativeÐ ° Ðinstruction€to€the€jury€during€the€testimony€of€the€co„defendant,€Kimberly€Lewis.€The€stateÏcontends€Lewis€was€properly€impeached€with€a€prior€inconsistent€statement,€and€the€trialÏcourt€included€in€its€jury€instructions€a€charge€on€the€admissibility€of€prior€inconsistentÏstatements.ÌÌà ` àDuring€the€direct€testimony€of€Kimberly€Lewis,€she€testified€the€defendant€kicked€theÏvictim€one€time.€€However,€during€cross„examination,€Ms.€Lewis€was€asked€if€she€toldÏOfficer€Urig€the€defendant€kicked€the€victim€twice€with€his€boots.€€Whereupon,€theÏdefendant€requested€a€curative€instruction€for€the€jury€that€Ms.€Lewisððs€response€not€beÏconsidered€against€the€defendant.€€The€trial€court€declined€to€give€a€curative€instruction€onÏthe€basis€the€proposed€question€and€answer€of€Ms.€Lewis€went€to€her€credibility.€€The€trialÏcourt,€as€to€the€prior€inconsistent€statement,€advised€the€defendant€ð ðthatððs€in€the€juryÏinstructions€and€you€can€argue€that.ðð€€Prior€inconsistent€statements€are€admissible€forÏimpeachment€purposes.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€613.€€The€trial€court€found€the€testimony€of€Ms.ÏLewis€subject€to€an€attack€with€a€prior€inconsistent€statement€to€be€admissible€and€properlyÏinstructed€the€jury€on€the€use€of€prior€inconsistent€statements.€€We€cannot€say€the€trialÏcourt€abused€its€discretion€in€refusing€to€give€a€curative€instruction.€€If€it€was€error,€it€wasÏharmless€error€at€most.€€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òE.€€Failure€of€Trial€Court€to€Act€as€Thirteenth€JurorÐ  (ð#( ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€argues€the€trial€court€failed€to€fulfill€its€duty€to€make€a€properÐ P, ', Ðthirteenth€juror€determination€as€to€the€juryððs€verdict.€€The€state€counters€that€the€trial€courtÏdid€expressly€adopt€the€juryððs€verdict.€ÌÌà ` àAs€to€the€trial€court€acting€as€a€thirteenth€juror,€we€are€governed€by€the€requirementsÏof€Rule€33(f)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure.€Rule€33(f)€provides:ÌÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àNew€Trial€Where€Verdict€Is€Against€the€Weight€of€theÏEvidence.€The€trial€court€òòmay€óógrant€a€new€trial€following€aÐ Ê95; Ðverdict€of€guilty€if€it€disagrees€with€the€jury€about€the€weight€ofÏthe€evidence.€If€the€trial€court€grants€a€new€trial€because€theÏverdict€is€contrary€to€the€weight€of€the€evidence,€upon€requestÏof€either€party€the€new€trial€shall€be€conducted€by€a€differentÏjudge.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ|ÓÌà ` àIn€ñúñœñúññ÷ñhisñ÷ññøñitsñøññúñ›ñúñ€brief,€the€defendant€quotes€the€trial€ñúñœñúñcourtñùñ,ñùññúñ›ñúñ€in€denying€the€motion€for€a€new€trial,€ñúñœñúññöñsaying,ñöññúñ›ñúñÏð ðThis€was€a€jury€trial.€€The€court€case€was€tried,€and€I€feel€like€it€was€tried€fairly€.€.€.€ThatððsÏwhat€juries€are€for,€to€find€the€facts.ðð€€In€its€full€ruling,€the€trial€court€stated:ÌÓÓÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThere€was€a€lot€of€evidence€in€this€case.€I€went€and€reviewedÏmy€notes,€and€there€was€a€lot€of€evidence€in€this€case.€ThisÏCourt€doesnððt€know€what€the€facts€were.€I€heard€the€evidenceÏlike€everybody€else€here€did€and€like€the€jury€did,€and€it€was€aÏlot€of€evidence€about€a€severe€beating€that€was€given€to€Mr.ÏWilliams€by€the€Defendant€Mr.€Blackwell,€and,€of€course,€asÏyou€know,€the€evidence€varied€on€the€subject.€But€there€wasÏseveral€witnesses€who€testified€that€the€kickings,€or€kicks,Ïsevere€kicks,€severe€beatings,€that€Mr.€Williams€was€down€andÏout€and€out€of€it,€and,€of€course,€you€have€the€testimony€of€theÏpathologist,€Dr.€Smith.€But€the€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€theÏevidence€was€ample€for€the€jury€to€make€the€finding€that€theyÏdid€find.€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà ä àà h àà À àà  à*€*€*€*€*Ð  :p59 Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àItððs€a€hard€case,€hard€on€everybody€concerned,€but€the€juryÏhas€spoken€and€the€Court€upholds€the€verdict€of€the€jury€in€thisÏcase.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ”ÓÌà ` àFrom€a€review€of€the€entire€ruling€by€the€trial€court,€we€find€the€trial€court€did€functionÏas€a€thirteenth€juror€as€contemplated€by€Rule€33(f).€Since€the€trial€court€did€not€express€anyÏdissatisfaction€with€the€jury€verdict€and€in€essence€adopted€the€verdict,€it€was€not€error€forÏthe€trial€court€to€deny€the€motion€for€a€new€trial.€€òòState€v.€Burlison,€óó868€S.W.2d€713,€719Ð ð@  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Braden,€óó867€S.W.2d€750,€762€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.Ð Ð  Ðapp.€denied€óó(Tenn.€1993).€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.Ð ° ÐÌà ` àIn€summary,€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌÌÓÓÔ‡ XÓ’XX X?oÔà ` àà ¸ àà ä àà h àà À àà  à________________________________________Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà ä àà h àà À àà  àL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ô#† X?oXX XÓ’F›#ÔÔ‡ X?oXX X?oÔÐ ¤)ô$( ÐDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEÌÌÔ#† X?oXX X?oÞœ#Ôà ` àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ