ÿWPC’ 1OLvêU‘BUÁ†M¸N2ÿ°Ái½÷P_Л€î3¢³Rõ†‹%ï¢j¿xd#:OW“j\k™ÎÝL NÕ‰ŒÔ2¡('¥Îø1Έw»¾(NHÆ‘/7á ›ÆcÕ D·š"k¸ ’ÇE«ÜEÅ‚…:<)#Ŧ-E®²þ¢wܘqÐð_çÝ^1¬ÃôÈ¿¦˜‰ãI=Âòý&áÍzAÈz¸¹(hx;vŸå÷R¬7Øm±x¸ŒÜí>oece67æì£Msã½å•Œ®8z é°Û‘½Ê`×^BÎ\:3ÀÅÄ·ŒkKÒÀâ²¥ª)¢¨^oס¤ ‹!Ýði󸼆B⿞ËÅÿ¥ºÎ½@‡‰¦SO2ŒŒ³rÒƒÓ¿ÿø¦ ¿(Q¸ØƒêBäýÕü4aÕå¼KT“6_4R’ÁÿšXÆ$ZÚ[šžK0Qu/l†:^6Ë‘ú9‚Bͺ/š& ‰Â›ÐŠZjó:u'Ô1·Òbšð5FÉïÈ uÒ97ŽHIœ^+ 51ˆ[a=Aã ÄÞ˜Z¡ÌûqÍ×ùä¨Û$ÈÊÌâ&$ô2ÆãÏÙ´éK®¯D/µ¬ñSZµåi±%€¿ûrUuàÜÌëÿHT¦¥Ð¦TLb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz Œ‘ Æ Æã Æ©Æo 0D5Ny{{Eƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒb……………………………………………………………………………………………… 0ë Bxx 0¤• D59 D-n 0K›› ASæÆ9 0¤ÿ 0D£ A«ç˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»©z”-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularYo†)ê:i¢×+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ‚Ý ƒRªU$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôã½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€defendantððs€surname€is€spelled€in€the€record€both€as€ð ðÔ_ÔBokanperÔ_Ôðð€and€ð ðÔ_ÔBokamperÔ_Ô.ðð€€Because€the€formerÐ ° Ðspelling€is€used€in€the€indictment,€we€use€that€spelling.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó - ù-(|G2ªU$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôã½ò»»Ô d(|3 K$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3 K$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼D»»»ÔÑ8€ YXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îHDDÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼D»îîHD #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€October€1,€2002Ð üL ÐÔ‡X YX»¼DÔÌò òÔ#†¼D»XX Y#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€RICHARD€Ô_ÔBOKANPERÔ_ÔòòóóÔ‡X YX»¼DÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€00„03823€€€€€€James€C.€Ô_ÔBeasleyÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2002„00748„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€December€17,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Richard€Bokanper,׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€appeals€his€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€jury€convictions€ofÐ xÈ  Ðburglary€and€theft.€€Following€the€guilty€verdicts,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€careerÐ d´ Ðoffender€to€an€effective€term€of€twelve€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€On€appeal,€theÐ P  Ðdefendant€challenges€only€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€€Because€the€evidenceÐ <Œ Ðinsufficiently€corroborates€the€inculpative€testimony€of€an€accomplice,€we€reverse€the€convictionsÐ (x Ðand€dismiss€the€charges.Ô#†¼D»XX Y¶#ÔÔ‡X YX»¼DÔÐ d ÐÓþÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€is€Reversed€and€Dismissed.ó óÐ ì< ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼D»àX Yà#ÔÔ‡X YX.¼DÔJames€Curwood€Witt,€Jr.,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó,€andÐ Ä ÐòòAlan€E.€Glenn,€JJ.,€óójoined.Ð ° ÐÌMary€K.€Kent€and€Tony€N.€Brayton,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,€Richard€Bokanper.Ð ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Christine€M.€Lapps,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð `° ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Steve€Jones,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,Ð L œ Ðfor€the€Appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÓ‘ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼D»XX YÀ#ÔÔ‡X YX»¼DÔÐ #`" ÐòòóóÔ#†¼D»XX Yz #ÔÔ‡X YX»¼DÔÓ  Óà0  àà0` (#(#àÐ ` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` àAt€trial,€Paul€Edwards€testified€that€on€October€4,€1999,€he€and€his€brother,€DouglasÐ è$8 $ ÐEdwards,€were€socializing€with€the€defendant€at€the€home€of€€Donna€Rushing.€€The€defendant€residedÐ Ô%$!% Ðat€Ms.€Rushingððs€home€and,€on€October€4,€was€babysitting€Ms.€Rushingððs€two€small€grandchildren.€Ð À&"& ÐDuring€the€visit,€the€three€men€ð!ð€and€perhaps€the€two€children€ð!ð€walked€a€short€distance€to€RusswoodÐ ¬'ü"' ÐRoad,€where€they€noticed€the€house€and€garage€belonging€to€Scott€Crump.€€The€men€discussedÐ ˜(è#( Ðentering€the€garage€and€stealing€tools€as€a€means€of€raising€funds.Ð „)Ô$) ÐÐ p*À%*ý  ÐÔ_Ôà  àà ` àThe€men€returned€to€the€Rushing€house,€where€they€and€Ms.€Rushingððs€grandchildrenÐ ° Ðgot€into€Ms.€Rushingððs€white€Cadillac.€€The€defendant€had€the€key€and€drove€the€car€to€the€CrumpÐ œì Ðproperty.€€He€parked€the€Cadillac€one€house€away€from€the€Crumpððs€garage,€and€Doug€Edwards,€whoÐ ˆØ Ðby€the€time€of€trial€was€deceased,€left€the€car€and€went€to€the€garage.€€He€came€back€toward€the€carÐ tÄ Ða€few€minutes€later€and€yelled€that€he€could€not€find€any€tools.€€Leaving€the€children€in€the€car€andÐ `° Ðthe€defendant€behind€the€wheel€with€the€motor€running,€Paul€Edwards€then€accompanied€DouglasÐ L œ ÐEdwards€to€the€garage,€where€Paul€Edwards€found€tools€in€a€low€drawer€in€a€tool€chest.€€PaulÐ 8 ˆ ÐEdwards€took€a€jigsaw,€and€his€brother€gathered€up€an€armload€of€tools.€€The€men€returned€to€theÐ $ t Ðcar€and€placed€the€tools€on€the€rear€floorboard.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àPaul€and€Douglas€Edwards€got€back€into€the€car,€and€the€defendant€drove€to€a€pawnÐ è 8  Ðshop.€€The€defendant€and€Douglas€Edwards€took€the€tools€inside€while€Paul€Edwards€remained€inÐ Ô$  Ðthe€car€with€the€children.€€The€defendant€and€Douglas€Edwards€returned€with€cash.Ð À  ÐÌà  àà ` àPaul€Edwards€admitted€that€he€had€pleaded€guilty€to€the€offenses€of€burglary€and€theftÐ ˜è  Ðand€had€received€a€two„year€sentence€to€be€served€on€probation.€€His€attorney€testified€on€behalf€ofÐ „Ô  Ðthe€state€that€the€plea€arrangement€settled€only€the€length€of€the€sentences€and€did€not€embrace€aÐ pÀ Ðprovision€for€probation€or€for€Paul€Edwardsðð€testimony€against€Richard€Bokanper.€€The€manner€ofÐ \¬ Ðservice€of€Paul€Edwardsðð€effective€sentence€was€submitted€to€the€trial€judge.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àDonna€Rushing€testified€for€the€state€that,€in€October€1999,€the€defendant€resided€atÐ  p Ðher€home€and€helped€care€for€her€grandchildren.€€She€had€seen€the€Edwards€brothers€there€with€theÐ  \ Ðdefendant€on€occasion.€€Although€she€seemed€confused€about€the€time€frame€in€which€the€defendantÐ øH Ðwas€arrested€for€the€Crump€offenses,€she€testified€that€approximately€two€hours€after€she€had€heardÐ ä4 Ðthat€the€defendant€had€been€arrested,€the€police€called€her€and€asked€about€an€ð ðolder€model,€whiteÐ Ð  ÐCadillac.ðð€€She€testified€that€she€owned€the€white€Cadillac€and€that€the€defendant€had€driven€it€ð ðonÐ ¼  Ðoccasionsðð€when€he€would€take€her€grandchildren€to€the€park€or€to€the€store.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àMazie€Crump,€the€spouse€of€Scott€Crump,€testified€that,€on€October€4,€1999,€someoneÐ €Ð Ðbroke€the€lock€on€their€garage,€entered,€and,€without€the€Crumpsðð€permission,€took€tools€and€a€babyÐ l¼ Ðstroller.€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defense€offered€no€proof.€€The€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€burglary,€a€ClassÐ 0"€  ÐD€felony,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„402€(1997),€and€theft€of€property€valued€at€$500€or€less,€aÐ #l! ÐClass€A€misdemeanor,€òòsee€id.óó€ðð€39„14„103,€105(1)€(1997).€€€€On€appeal,€the€defendant€claims€thatÐ $X" Ðthe€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€convictions.€€In€particular,€he€is€aggrieved€that€theÐ ô$D # Ðtestimony€of€Paul€Edwards,€an€accomplice,€was€not€corroborated.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àà ` àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court'sÐ ¸'#& Ðstandard€of€review€is€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðprosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÐ )à$( Ða€reasonable€doubt.€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,Ð |*Ì%) Ð2791-92€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985).€€This€rule€applies€to€findings€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðguilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€andÐ ° Ðcircumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990),€òòoverruledÐ œì Ðon€other€grounds€by€State€v.€Hooperóó,€29€S.W.3d€1,€8€(Tenn.€2000).Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€should€not€reweigh€orÐ `° Ðreevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€Ð L œ ÐQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€wellÐ 8 ˆ Ðas€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571Ð $ t ÐS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€theÐ  ` Ðtrier€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956);Ð ü L  ÐòòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€On€the€contrary,€this€court€mustÐ è 8  Ðafford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€recordÐ Ô$  Ðas€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€Ð À  ÐòòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àà ` àA€conviction€in€this€state€may€not€be€based€solely€upon€the€uncorroborated€testimonyÐ „Ô  Ðof€an€accomplice.€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994).€An€accomplice€is€anÐ pÀ Ðindividual€who€knowingly,€voluntarily€and€with€common€intent€participates€with€the€principalÐ \¬ Ðoffender€in€the€commission€of€an€offense.€€òòState€v.€Lawsonóó,€794€S.W.2d€363,€369€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð H˜ Ð1990).€€€Our€supreme€court€has€said,Ð 4„ ÐÒ½°ÒÌÒ` ½ÒÒ` °Ò[T]here€must€be€some€fact€testified€to,€entirely€independent€of€theÐ  \ Ðaccomplice's€testimony,€which,€taken€by€itself,€leads€to€the€inference,Ð øH Ðnot€only€that€a€crime€has€been€committed,òò€but€also€that€the€defendantÐ ä4 Ðis€implicated€in€itóó;€€and€this€independent€corroborative€testimony€mustÐ Ð  Ðalso€include€òòsome€fact€establishing€the€defendant's€identityóó.€€ThisÐ ¼  Ðcorroborative€evidence€may€be€direct€or€entirely€circumstantial,€andÐ ¨ø Ðit€need€not€be€adequate,€in€and€of€itself,€to€support€a€conviction;€€it€isÐ ”ä Ðsufficient€to€meet€the€requirements€of€the€rule€if€it€fairly€andÐ €Ð Ðlegitimately€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€the€commission€ofÐ l¼ Ðthe€crime€charged.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€corroboration€extendÐ X ¨ Ðto€every€part€of€the€accomplice's€evidence.€€Ð D!” ÐÒ°` ÒÒ°` ÒÌòòBigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€803€(citations€omitted)€(emphasis€added);€òòsee€State€v.€Caldwellóó,€977€S.W.2dÐ #l! Ð110,€116€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àà ` àòòóóWhen€the€facts€are€undisputed€regarding€a€witness's€participation€in€the€crime,Ð à%0!$ Ðwhether€he€is€an€accomplice€is€a€question€of€law€for€the€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Lewisóó,€36€S.W.3d€88,Ð Ì&"% Ð94€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€€However,€when€the€facts€are€disputed€or€susceptible€to€differentÐ ¸'#& Ðinferences,€it€is€a€question€for€the€jury.€€òòId.óó€€The€jury€determines€whether€an€accomplice's€testimonyÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhas€been€sufficiently€corroborated.€€òòState€v.€Shawóó,€37€S.W.3d€900,€903€(Tenn.€2001).Ð )à$( Ðâ â€Ð |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àIn€the€present€case,€Paul€Edwards€was€clearly€an€accomplice€as€a€matter€of€law.€€WeÐ ° Ðâ âhold€that€his€testimony€was€not€adequately€corroborated€by€non„accomplice€evidence.€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àà ` àDonna€Rushing€testified€that€the€defendant€had€access€to€her€car€and€that€he€used€itÐ tÄ Ðon€occasion€to€transport€her€grandchildren,€but€she€offered€neither€testimony€that€the€defendant€droveÐ `° Ðthe€car€at€the€time€of€the€Crump€burglary€nor€that€he€was€in€control€of€the€car€when€arrested.€€SheÐ L œ Ðtestified€merely€that€within€a€couple€of€hours€of€her€hearing€about€the€defendantððs€arrest,€the€policeÐ 8 ˆ Ðinquired€about€her€white€Cadillac.€€She€testified€to€no€linkage€between€the€defendant€and€the€CrumpÐ $ t Ðoffenses€which€would€lead€to€the€inference€that€the€defendant€was€involved€in€the€offenses.€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€this€respect,€the€white€Cadillac€is€a€red€herring.€Assuming€that€Paul€EdwardsÐ è 8  Ðfabricated€the€story€about€the€defendant€being€involved€in€the€burglary,€he€could€have€just€as€easilyÐ Ô$  Ðfabricated€the€defendantððs€use€of€the€Cadillac.€€A€non„accompliceððs€testimony€that€the€defendant€hadÐ À  Ðaccess€to€the€same€type€of€car€that€the€accomplice€described€corroborates€nothing€except€that€theÐ ¬ü  Ðaccomplice€may€have€been€familiar€enough€with€the€defendantððs€lifestyle€to€enable€him€to€constructÐ ˜è  Ðan€apt€fabrication.€€Although€the€evidence€connected€the€defendant€to€Ms.€Rushingððs€white€Cadillac,Ð „Ô  Ðno€corroborating€evidence€put€the€defendant€in€the€Cadillac€at€any€time€that€inculpated€him€in€theÐ pÀ ÐCrump€offenses.€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àThus,€the€testimony€of€the€accomplice€Paul€Edwards€was€uncorroborated.€€òòCf.€MathisÐ 4„ Ðv.€Stateóó,€590€S.W.2d€449,€454„55€(Tenn.€1979);€òòHenley€v.€Stateóó,€489€S.W.2d€53,€57€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð  p ÐApp.€1972).€€The€convictions€must€be€reversed.€€Because€the€lack€of€corroboration€equates€toÐ  \ Ðinsufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€the€charges€must€be€dismissed.€€Ô#†¼D»XX Y× #ÔÔ‡X YX»¼DÔÐ øH ÐÌÌÌÔ#†¼D»XX Y'8#ÔÔ€X YX»¼DÔà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ¨ø Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJAMES€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGE