ÿWPCö e› féksKqÓ]¬æ/sq ¯9“£%×)Ê´í¨´z%™žìfÂMç[€œµêg¬ŒÛ>žÂ» ¯øÁéÑ"×¶&c“×µ³œSzæÏ 󞀃·ÅV2þî³Û*JB`«5#~ŸšX[·±À©ª ÊÃGbß‹9 ~wåÙ|B6Û¹u†=Â9­Î:½%JÁÈ ]6fÈÎDÁœ½g^é`&5CÞÖvÏ;ÅéªÂvž¯ÆcÚhÒ*¨ú„ÇA›2„éd~ üÔ c‰î ࿜ ¯Œ!FЃ=‘ä¶?¾yž7³--;duACZµ',§õPê¾\ù›'…Ø. ï#XÕ1‡Ú"Ò&}Á—í§ckè/×õôÄ*=l¦Û \pñÉÌôÄÎÑr&JÑ, ÛW-/þø¢ô ]tj5"¼‹ú„û6«ºŒ MùL% ¦qÈ@M,]ñ³÷{I¼c(é̇çnÊÏ–0Fµ†lͱªYÎ'°/-zS%¬qƒ¨Ó“A%þ/°H.y UÍùð SfYtFºåáôv{ÎB˜mÏ/%z"*qô gF\QCbåÈß H›<ÜP˜Éô…?E/[D¤§i¿Ñb#É\ %% ^ + 0ˆ7 U'N¿ w 4 z% ÒŸ q € m‚ U N™ Æç Æ­ ÆsÆ9U@ÿN?¨AAEéééééééééééééééééééééééébëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë 0ëóóóó BÞÞ 0¤û D3Ÿ D-Ò 0Kÿÿ ASJÆ 0¤c 0D A«K˜\\IB01S08\KNOXCLERK3ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»kF0Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularóbï.ê:i¢×+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÈhH  Z‹(Times New Roman   P.J.Aslinger LilaStatomBlevinsEspeyB]itch I]fLatikiPankeyWaylonMcKinneyJacque BMX FughW]hat N]oaccelerant TBITurbevilleCirauloErlangerPappasNesbitCouryPruitt Odom T]heCrutcherKendricksYarbroAshby CmtsKerwinrehabY]eaharresteeWoodall- ù-(|G2ž$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€H-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôçò»»Ô d(|3Çw$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€H-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Çw$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€H-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€H-»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼H-»»»ÔÑ8€ÁXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îUÔH-ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼H-»îîUÔ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€October€28,€2003Ð üL ÐÔ‡XÁX»¼H-ÔÌò òÔ#†¼H-»XXÁ!#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€ALFRED€EUGENE€BRADLEYòòóóÔ‡XÁX»¼H-Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNos.€234375,€233962,€234979€€€€€€Rebecca€Stern,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„02840„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐFebruary€5,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€was€convicted€by€a€Hamilton€County€Criminal€Court€jury€of€four€counts€of€attemptedÐ xÈ  Ðfirst€degree€murder,€Class€A€felonies;€aggravated€arson,€a€Class€A€felony;€and€false€imprisonment,Ð d´ Ðassault,€and€theft€under€$500,€all€Class€A€misdemeanors.€€He€was€sentenced€by€the€trial€court€to€anÐ P  Ðeffective€sentence€of€twenty„two€years€and€six€months€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€FollowingÐ <Œ Ðthe€denial€of€his€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€defendant€filed€a€timely€appeal€to€this€court,€raising€theÐ (x Ðfollowing€issues:€€(1)€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€his€convictions€for€aggravatedÐ d Ðarson€and€attempted€first€degree€murder;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€toÐ P Ðsuppress€his€statements€to€law€enforcement€officers;€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€theÐ ì< ÐState€to€call€a€rebuttal€witness€during€the€presentation€of€its€case€in€chief;€(4)€whether€the€trial€courtÐ Ø( Ðproperly€sentenced€the€defendant€for€his€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€aggravated€arsonÐ Ä Ðconvictions;€and€(5)€whether€the€cumulative€errors€prevented€the€defendant€from€receiving€a€fairÐ ° Ðtrial.Ô#†¼H-»XXÁž#ÔÔ‡XÁX»¼H-Ô€€Based€on€our€review,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court,€but€remand€for€entry€of€aÐ œì Ðcorrected€judgment€for€the€defendantððs€assault€conviction€in€Count€2€of€Case€No.€234375.Ð ˆØ ÐÔ#†¼H-»XXÁ; #ÔÔ‡XÁX»¼H-ÔÓßÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed€andÐ `° ÐRemanded€for€Entry€of€Corrected€Judgmentó óÐ L œ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼H-»àXÁ^ #ÔÔ‡XÁX.¼H-ÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.,óó€and€òòJosephÐ $"t! ÐM.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€joined.Ð #`" ÐÌMelanie€R.€Snipes,€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Alfred€Eugene€Bradley.Ð è$8 $ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Kathy€D.€Aslinger,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð À&"& ÐWilliam€H.€Cox,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Lila€J.€Statom€and€David€W.€Denny,€AssistantÐ ¬'ü"' ÐDistrict€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼H-»XXÁk #ÔÔ‡XÁX»¼H-ԀР˜(è#( ÐÓ< ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼H-»XXÁ #ÔÔ‡XÁX»¼H-ÔÐ p*À%* ÐòòóóÔ#†¼H-»XXÁ•#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XÁX»¼H-ÔÌò òÓ*°,X„XN –X°œX*ÓòòÓ  ÓFACTSó óÐ H,˜', ÐÓNÓÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_ÔÓ. °œX°,X„XN –X!.Óòòóóóóà  àThe€convictions€in€this€case€stem€from€three€separate€indictments€issued€by€the€HamiltonÐ ° ÐCounty€Grand€Jury€against€the€defendant,€Alfred€Eugene€Bradley,€in€which€he€was€charged€with€theÐ œì ÐMay€23,€2000,€theft€of€property€from€the€duplex€of€his€former€girlfriend,€Audrey€Thompson;€the€MayÐ ˆØ Ð25,€2000,€kidnapping€and€assault€of€Thompson;€and€the€June€3,€2000,€aggravated€arson€ofÐ tÄ ÐThompsonððs€duplex€and€attempted€first€degree€murder€of€Thompsonððs€three€children€and€her€maleÐ `° Ðfriend,€Blevins€Espey.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àAudrey€Thompson€testified€at€trial€as€follows.€€In€May€2000,€she€lived€in€a€duplex€on€MilneÐ $ t ÐStreet€in€Chattanooga€with€her€three€young€sons€and€the€defendant,€whom€she€had€been€dating€forÐ  ` Ðeight€to€nine€months.€€However,€she€and€the€defendant€broke€up,€and€she€asked€him€to€move€out.€Ð ü L  ÐOn€May€23,€2000,€she€telephoned€the€police€from€a€friendððs€residence€and€requested€that€officersÐ è 8  Ðmeet€her€at€the€duplex.€€The€defendant€was€already€there€when€the€police€arrived,€and€she€asked€himÐ Ô$  Ðin€the€presence€of€an€officer€to€gather€his€belongings,€return€his€key,€and€leave.€€After€the€defendantððsÐ À  Ðdeparture,€she€went€into€the€duplex€with€the€officer€and€discovered€that€the€defendant€had€cut€a€holeÐ ¬ü  Ðin€her€waterbed€and€taken€some€of€her€property,€including€her€childrenððs€clothing€and€pictures€fromÐ ˜è  Ðthe€wall.€€The€officer€filed€charges€against€the€defendant€based€on€his€theft€of€property.€€At€a€laterÐ „Ô  Ðpoint,€the€defendant€returned€to€the€duplex€and€took€a€bicycle€that€belonged€to€her€son.€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThompson€testified€that€a€day€or€two€after€the€defendant€moved€out,€he€pulled€up€in€his€carÐ H˜ Ðbeside€her€as€she€was€arriving€for€her€11:00€p.m.€to€7:00€a.m.€work€shift€at€Heritage€Hosiery.€€TheÐ 4„ Ðdefendant€got€out€of€his€car€and€said,€€ð ð[B]itch,€Iððm€going€to€kill€you.€€Why€you€take€out€a€warrantÐ  p Ðon€me[?]ðð€€When€she€told€the€defendant€that€she€had€not€taken€out€a€warrant€against€him,€he€told€herÐ  \ Ðto€shut€up,€and€they€scuffled€before€he€pushed€her€into€his€car€and€drove€off.€€As€he€drove,€theÐ øH Ðdefendant€told€her€that€he€loved€her€and€wanted€the€chance€to€start€over€in€another€city,€but€fearedÐ ä4 Ðhe€would€be€charged€with€kidnapping.€€€Because€she€was€afraid,€she€told€the€defendant€that€she€lovedÐ Ð  Ðhim,€too,€and€was€willing€to€go€wherever€he€wanted.€€At€one€point,€the€defendant€parked€the€car€inÐ ¼  Ðorder€to€talk.€€They€began€arguing,€and€he€choked€her€neck€and€hit€her€in€the€face.€€Later,€theÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant€stopped€for€gasoline,€and€she€gave€him€some€cash€and€accompanied€him€into€the€serviceÐ ”ä Ðstation€to€pay.€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àThompson€testified€she€managed€to€escape€when€the€defendant€stopped€on€the€side€of€theÐ X ¨ Ðroad€to€repair€the€carððs€headlights€and€take€a€screwdriver€from€the€trunk€of€the€car,€with€which€heÐ D!” Ðthreatened€to€kill€himself.€€She€said€she€drove€off€while€the€defendant€was€outside€the€car,€returnedÐ 0"€  Ðto€Heritage€Hosiery,€and€immediately€telephoned€the€police€to€report€the€kidnapping.€€ThompsonÐ #l! Ðconceded€none€of€her€coworkers€saw€her€scuffle€with€the€defendant€and€acknowledged€she€did€not€Ð $X" Ðtell€the€service€station€attendant€that€she€was€being€kidnapped.€€She€explained,€however,€that€theÐ ô$D # Ðdefendant€had€accompanied€her€into€the€service€station€and€warned€her€not€to€say€anything€to€theÐ à%0!$ Ðattendant.€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àThompson€testified€that€the€defendant€telephoned€her€over€twenty€times€on€the€night€of€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfire,€with€his€last€call€coming€sometime€after€midnight.€€The€defendant€cried,€told€her€he€loved€her,Ð )à$( Ðand€demanded€to€know€if€she€had€someone€with€her€at€the€house.€€She€told€him€it€was€none€of€hisÐ |*Ì%) Ðbusiness,€and€he€replied,€ð ð[I]f€I€ever€find€out€youððve€been€with€somebody,€bitch,€Iððm€going€to€killÐ h+¸&* Ðyou.ðð€€Thompson€said€she€awoke€sometime€after€4:00€a.m.€and€decided€to€drive€to€a€nearby€TexacoÐ ° Ðstation€to€buy€cigarettes.€€Her€friend,€Blevins€Espey,€was€in€the€duplex€when€she€left,€along€with€herÐ œì Ðthree€young€sons.€€She€returned€approximately€fifteen€minutes€later€to€find€her€children€outsideÐ ˆØ Ðcrying€and€the€house€on€fire.€€Thompson€acknowledged€she€did€not€see€the€defendant€when€she€leftÐ tÄ Ðfor€the€store.€€€€€€€Ð `° Ðà  àLatiki€Pankey,€Thompsonððs€next„door€neighbor€at€the€time€of€the€fire,€confirmed€that€herÐ L œ Ðduplex€sustained€water€damage€from€Thompsonððs€waterbed€on€the€day€the€defendant€moved€out€ofÐ 8 ˆ ÐThompsonððs€duplex.€€She€said€she€was€later€sitting€on€the€front€porch€of€the€duplex€when€she€sawÐ $ t Ðthe€defendant€take€a€bicycle€from€Thompsonððs€duplex€and€load€it€into€a€van.€€According€to€Pankey,Ð  ` Ðthe€defendant€had€a€conversation€with€her€at€that€time€in€which€he€threatened€Thompsonððs€children,Ð ü L  Ðsaying€ð ðthe€kids€on€the€track,€the€train€come,€bam,€theyððre€dead.ðð€€Pankey€testified€that€the€duplexÐ è 8  Ðfire€occurred€approximately€one€week€later.€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àDetective€Beth€Stafford€of€the€East€Ridge€Police€Department€testified€she€investigated€theÐ ¬ü  ÐMay€25,€2000,€kidnapping€and€took€a€statement€from€the€victim.€€Based€on€that€statement,€an€arrestÐ ˜è  Ðwarrant€was€issued€for€the€defendant,€which€was€outstanding€at€the€time€the€defendant€was€arrestedÐ „Ô  Ðfor€arson.€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThompsonððs€oldest€son,€fifteen„year„old€Aubrey€Johnson,€testified€he€was€thirteen€at€the€timeÐ H˜ Ðof€the€fire€and€had€stayed€up€late€that€night€to€talk€on€the€telephone€with€a€girl.€€Their€telephoneÐ 4„ Ðservice€included€call€waiting,€and€the€defendant€called€ð ða€numerous€amount€of€times,ðð€wanting€toÐ  p Ðspeak€with€Johnsonððs€mother,€during€Johnsonððs€conversation€with€his€friend.€€After€his€mother€leftÐ  \ Ðthe€house,€Johnson€took€his€one„year„old€brother€into€his€bedroom€to€sleep€with€him,€shut€and€lockedÐ øH Ðhis€door,€and€dozed€off.€€About€five€minutes€later,€he€was€awakened€by€the€sound€of€running€andÐ ä4 Ðsomeone€trying€to€open€his€bedroom€door.€€When€he€realized€the€house€was€on€fire,€he€got€his€littleÐ Ð  Ðbrother€and€exited€the€house.€€He€did€not€see€the€defendant€that€night.€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àWaylon€McKinney,€the€owner€of€the€duplex,€testified€he€went€to€check€his€property€early€onÐ ”ä Ðthe€morning€of€June€3€after€his€maintenance€employee€informed€him€of€the€fire.€€It€was€still€dark€asÐ €Ð Ðhe€drove€to€the€duplex,€and€he€inadvertently€took€a€wrong€turn,€mistakenly€driving€down€Cooley,Ð l¼ Ðwhich€was€one€street€over€from€Milne.€€There,€he€saw€an€African„American€man€lying€facedown€inÐ X ¨ Ðthe€road€on€top€of€a€bicycle€and€a€puddle€of€blood€nearby.€€After€calling€9„1„1,€McKinney€drove€toÐ D!” Ðhis€duplex,€where€he€informed€an€officer€at€the€scene€about€the€man€in€the€road.€€McKinney€testifiedÐ 0"€  Ðthat€his€insurance€company€declared€the€duplex€a€total€loss€as€a€result€of€the€fire.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àBlevins€Espey€testified€he€spent€the€night€of€the€fire€with€Thompson,€whom€he€had€beenÐ ô$D # Ðdating€at€that€time€for€about€two€weeks,€and€her€three€children€at€Thompsonððs€duplex€on€MilneÐ à%0!$ ÐStreet.€€At€some€point€that€evening,€he€and€Thompson€went€into€her€bedroom€and€fell€asleep.€Ð Ì&"% ÐHowever,€at€2:30€or€3:00€a.m.,€Thompson€awoke€and€decided€to€leave€the€house€to€buy€cigarettes.€Ð ¸'#& ÐFour€or€five€minutes€after€her€departure,€Espey€heard€a€window€crack€in€the€bedroom,€turned€to€look,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðand€saw€that€a€ð ðgas€bottleðð€had€hit€the€floor€and€set€the€bedroom€on€fire.€€As€he€left€the€bedroom,Ð )à$( Ðâ âEspey€heard€a€second€window€shatter€in€the€childrenððs€bedroom€and€saw€a€second€fire.€€He€thenÐ |*Ì%) Ðgrabbed€the€children€and€ran€out€of€the€house.€€Espey€acknowledged€he€had€been€convicted€of€theftÐ ° Ðof€property€and€two€counts€of€robbery€in€1994.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àTroy€Alton€testified€he€was€an€officer€with€the€East€Ridge€Police€Department€in€May€2000Ð tÄ Ðand€responded€to€the€report€of€Thompsonððs€kidnapping.€€He€did€not€remember€if€he€had€taken€anyÐ `° Ðphotographs€of€the€victimððs€injuries;€however,€he€had€listed€on€his€report€that€there€was€an€injuredÐ L œ Ðperson€involved.€€Alton€acknowledged€the€only€information€he€had€received€about€the€crime€cameÐ 8 ˆ Ðfrom€the€victim€and€that,€to€his€knowledge,€there€were€no€other€witnesses€to€the€crime.€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àAnthony€Simon€testified€he€was€driving€home€from€a€late€night€cookout€sometime€betweenÐ ü L  Ð4:30€and€5:00€a.m.€on€June€3,€2000,€when€he€passed€a€clean„shaven,€African„American€man€wearingÐ è 8  Ða€dark€shirt,€who€was€slowly€pushing€a€bicycle€down€either€Orchard€Knob€or€Roanoke.€€He€and€theÐ Ô$  Ðman€made€eye€contact€as€he€passed,€and€Simon€noticed€the€manððs€facial€features.€€When€Simon€cameÐ À  Ðto€the€scene€of€the€fire,€he€reported€the€man€to€Captain€Jacks,€the€fire€investigator€at€the€scene.€Ð ¬ü  ÐSimon€testified€that€Captain€Jacks€later€asked€him€to€go€to€the€hospital,€where€he€positivelyÐ ˜è  Ðidentified€the€defendant€as€the€man€he€had€seen€with€the€bicycle.€€Simon€acknowledged,€however,Ð „Ô  Ðthat€he€did€not€mention€anything€about€a€bicycle€when€he€first€spoke€with€Captain€Jacks.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àPhillip€Woodall,€a€supervisor€at€Heritage€Hosiery,€testified€he€remembered€an€occasion€inÐ H˜ Ðwhich€Thompson€had€shown€up€late€to€work,€visibly€shaking€and€asking€to€use€the€telephone€to€callÐ 4„ Ðthe€police.€€Thompson€told€him€that€she€had€been€kidnapped€by€her€boyfriend€and€driven€towardÐ  p ÐCleveland,€but€had€managed€to€drive€away€when€her€boyfriend€got€out€of€the€car.€€WoodallÐ  \ Ðacknowledged€that€many€people€worked€the€third€shift,€and€he€did€not€notice€any€bruises€onÐ øH ÐThompson.€€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àOfficer€Jacque€Weary€of€the€Chattanooga€Police€Department€testified€that€the€defendantÐ ¼  Ðcalled€the€police€department€on€May€23,€2000,€to€report€that€Thompson€had€left€her€children€aloneÐ ¨ø Ðand€that€he€wanted€to€file€neglect€charges€against€her.€€Upon€investigating€at€the€Milne€Street€duplex,Ð ”ä Ðhowever,€he€determined€that€the€child€in€question,€who€was€nine,€was€old€enough€to€be€left€alone.€Ð €Ð ÐMoreover,€the€defendant€was€living€with€Thompson€at€the€time€and€was€supposed€to€have€beenÐ l¼ Ðcaring€for€the€child.€€Thompson€arrived€home€as€he€was€investigating€the€defendantððs€complaint€and€Ð X ¨ Ðð ðwanted€[the€defendant]€gone.ðð€€He€accompanied€the€defendant€inside€as€he€retrieved€his€belongings,Ð D!” Ðwhile€Thompson€waited€outside.€€When€the€defendant€left,€he€gave€Officer€Weary€a€key€that€did€notÐ 0"€  Ðfit€the€duplexððs€door.€€Officer€Weary€then€accompanied€Thompson€inside,€and€Thompson€told€himÐ #l! Ðthat€the€defendant€had€cut€her€waterbed€and€taken€some€of€her€property.€€As€a€result,€Officer€WearyÐ $X" Ðtook€out€warrants€against€the€defendant€for€vandalism€and€theft.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àOfficer€Weary€testified€he€next€went€to€the€Milne€Street€residence€on€June€3,€2000,€inÐ Ì&"% Ðresponse€to€the€report€of€the€fire.€€At€about€6:00€a.m.,€he€received€a€report€of€a€man€down€onÐ ¸'#& ÐRoanoke€Street,€which€was€close€to€Milne.€€It€was€still€dark€at€the€time,€however,€and€he€and€a€fellowÐ ¤(ô#' Ðofficer€were€unable€to€find€anyone€when€they€searched€that€location.€€Sometime€around€7:00€a.m.,Ð )à$( Ðthey€received€a€second€report€of€a€man€down€on€Cooley€Street,€which€was€perpendicular€to€Roanoke.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐUpon€investigating,€they€found€the€defendant€lying€facedown€in€a€pool€of€blood€and€entangled€in€aÐ h+¸&* ÐBMX€bicycle.€€The€defendant€smelled€strongly€of€alcohol€and€gasoline€or€kerosene€and€had€his€eyesÐ ° Ðclosed.€€He€opened€his€eyes€when€they€shook€him€and€began€asking€him€what€had€happened,€but€heÐ œì Ðdid€not€reply€to€any€of€Officer€Wearyððs€questions.€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àOfficer€Weary€testified€that€Officer€Fugh€arrived€soon€thereafter€and€asked€the€defendant€ifÐ `° Ðhe€had€hurt€himself€in€the€fire.€€The€defendant€ð ðopened€his€eyes,€he€took€a€deep€breath€and€said€yes,ððÐ L œ Ðat€the€same€time€giving€a€half€nod.€€Officer€Weary€later€heard€Captain€Jacks€ask€the€defendant€aÐ 8 ˆ Ðsimilar€question€and€saw€the€defendant€again€nod€yes.€€However,€when€Captain€Jacks€retrieved€a€tapeÐ $ t Ðrecorder€and€asked€the€defendant€a€second€time,€the€defendant€did€not€respond.€€Officer€WearyÐ  ` Ðtestified€there€was€a€large€pool€of€blood€near€the€bicycle,€other€pools€of€blood€nearby,€and€bloodÐ ü L  Ðdroplets€leading€from€the€scene.€€He€said€they€ð ðtraced€the€blood€droplets€from€the€street€on€CooleyÐ è 8  Ðback€down€Roanoke€across€a€yard€where€the€church€is€over€onto€Willow€Street.€€And€it€stopped€atÐ Ô$  ÐWillow€Street.€€And€Willow€is€perpendicular€to€Milne.ððÐ À  ÐÌà  àChattanooga€Police€Officer€Andre€Fugh€testified€that€the€defendant€was€ð ðall€balled€up€on€theÐ ˜è  Ðbicycleðð€with€a€large€pool€of€blood€nearby.€€He€said€they€were€initially€unable€to€get€any€responseÐ „Ô  Ðfrom€the€defendant,€but€he€eventually€ð ðcame€to€a€little€bit€before€the€ambulanceðð€arrived.€€When€theyÐ pÀ Ðasked€him€his€name,€the€defendant€first€mumbled€ð ðAlfredðð€and€then,€in€response€to€a€request€for€hisÐ \¬ Ðlast€name,€ð ðBradley.ðð€€Officer€Fugh€then€asked€the€defendant€if€he€had€set€the€house€on€fire,€to€whichÐ H˜ Ðhe€replied,€ð ð[Y]eah,ðð€before€passing€out€again.€€However,€when€the€same€question€was€later€askedÐ 4„ Ðof€him€when€a€tape€recorder€was€present,€the€defendant€said€nothing.€€Officer€Fugh€said€he€smelledÐ  p Ðalcohol€and€gasoline€on€the€defendantððs€person€and€saw€a€large€gash€on€the€inside€of€his€forearm.€Ð  \ ÐHe€acknowledged€the€defendant€was€ð ðkind€of€dazedðð€during€his€conversation€with€him€and€describedÐ øH Ðhis€appearance€as€follows:€ð ðThe€whole€time€he€was€like€mumbling€a€little€bit.€€He€would€sayÐ ä4 Ðsomething€and€he€would€be€out.€€And€we€asked€him€about€the€fire€and€he€said€yeah€and€he€went€outÐ Ð  Ðagain.ðð€€Officer€Fugh€testified€the€defendant€began€regaining€consciousness€after€he€was€placed€inÐ ¼  Ðthe€ambulance.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àSean€Slaughter,€a€paramedic€with€the€Hamilton€County€Emergency€Medical€Services,Ð €Ð Ðtestified€that€he€and€his€partner,€EMT€Mike€Johnston,€received€three€separate€calls€on€the€morningÐ l¼ Ðof€June€3,€2000,€directing€them€to€three€different€locations€where€a€man€had€been€reported€down.€Ð X ¨ ÐThe€first€two€calls€were€cancelled€before€they€arrived€due€to€the€police€officersðð€failure€to€locate€aÐ D!” Ðsubject€at€those€scenes.€€On€their€third€call,€they€were€directed€to€Cooley€Street,€where€they€foundÐ 0"€  Ðthe€defendant€facedown€in€a€large€pool€of€blood€beside€a€bicycle.€€A€second€pool€of€blood€was€tenÐ #l! Ðfeet€down€the€sidewalk,€with€yet€another€pool€of€blood€ten€to€twenty€feet€beyond€that.€€SlaughterÐ $X" Ðtestified€he€asked€the€defendant€what€had€happened€to€him,€and€the€defendant€replied€that€he€had€cutÐ ô$D # Ðhis€arm€on€some€glass.€€The€only€injuries€he€could€find€on€the€defendant€ð ðwere€several€lacerationsÐ à%0!$ Ðof€varying€sizes€and€depth€on€the€right€arm,€extending€from€the€elbow€down€to€the€hand[,]ðð€the€worstÐ Ì&"% Ðof€which€was€a€wound€in€the€bend€of€his€elbow€which€had€severed€a€vein€and€was€causing€theÐ ¸'#& Ðdefendant€to€lose€large€amounts€of€blood.€€Based€on€the€defendantððs€injury€and€the€pattern€of€bloodÐ ¤(ô#' Ðat€the€scene,€Slaughter€theorized€the€following:Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[W]hat€appeared€to€have€happened€was€he€was€losing€blood€at€a€rateÐ ° Ðâ âsuch€that€it€would€get€to€a€certain€point€and€he€would€pass€out.€€AsÐ œì Ðsoon€as€he€was€laying€[sic]€down[,]€his€blood€pressure€would€get€toÐ ˆØ Ða€point€again€where€he€could€get€up€and€would€go€again.€€Just€anÐ tÄ Ðeducated€guess,€where€he€would€get€back€on€the€bicycle€and€start€toÐ `° Ðpeddle€again€his€heart€would€start€to€pump€a€little€faster,€have€moreÐ L œ Ðblood€flowing€through€his€veins€and€he€would€lose€more€blood,€whichÐ 8 ˆ Ðwould€cause€him€to€pass€out.€€Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌà  àSlaughter€testified€he€gave€Captain€Jacks€permission€to€speak€to€the€defendant€in€the€backÐ ü L  Ðof€the€ambulance€while€he€and€Johnston€were€still€working€on€the€defendant€at€the€scene.€€He€saidÐ è 8  ÐCaptain€Jacks€asked€the€defendant€if€he€had€cut€his€hand€throwing€a€gasoline€bomb€through€theÐ Ô$  Ðwindow,€and€the€defendant€ð ðshook€his€head€yes.ðð€€However,€when€Captain€Jacks€brought€out€a€tapeÐ À  Ðrecorder€and€asked€if€he€could€record€the€defendant€stating€he€had€hurt€himself€putting€his€handÐ ¬ü  Ðthrough€a€window,€the€defendant€said,€ð ð[N]o,€I€did€not€say€that,€man.ððÐ ˜è  ЀÌà  àSlaughter€testified€the€defendantððs€injury€was€consistent€with€someone€having€cut€himselfÐ pÀ Ðon€glass.€€He€said€the€defendant€was€wearing€a€pair€of€shorts€and€a€t„shirt.€€He€did€not€smell€anyÐ \¬ Ðgasoline€on€the€defendant,€but€did€smell€alcohol€on€his€breath.€€The€defendant€was€ð ðlethargicðð€whenÐ H˜ ÐSlaughter€arrived,€rather€than€drifting€in€and€out€of€consciousness.€€However,€he€was€coherent€priorÐ 4„ Ðto€Captain€Jacksððs€questioning€and€was€able€to€provide€Slaughter€with€his€name,€date€of€birth,€andÐ  p Ðmedical€history.€€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àCaptain€Randy€Jacks€of€the€Chattanooga€Fire€Department,€who€was€accepted€as€an€expert€Ð ä4 Ðin€the€area€of€fire€investigation,€testified€the€Milne€Street€duplex€fire€was€an€arson.€€He€said€the€initialÐ Ð  Ðcall€on€the€fire€went€out€at€4:48€a.m.,€and€he€was€dispatched€to€investigate€after€the€firefightersÐ ¼  Ðarrived€at€the€scene.€€He€was€collecting€evidence€at€the€scene€of€the€fire€at€5:50€a.m.,€when€he€wasÐ ¨ø Ðnotified€that€the€defendant€had€been€found€on€Cooley€Street.€€By€the€time€he€arrived€there,€atÐ ”ä Ðapproximately€6:00€a.m.,€the€defendant€had€been€loaded€into€an€ambulance.€€Captain€Jacks€testifiedÐ €Ð Ðthe€paramedics€gave€him€permission€to€talk€to€the€defendant,€and€he€stepped€into€the€ambulance€andÐ l¼ Ðasked€the€defendant€how€he€had€cut€himself.€€The€defendant€said€nothing€at€first,€but€when€CaptainÐ X ¨ ÐJacks€asked€if€he€had€cut€his€arm€on€glass€from€the€house€fire,€he€nodded€yes.€€Captain€Jacks€thenÐ D!” Ðstepped€out€of€the€ambulance,€retrieved€his€tape€recorder,€and€went€back€into€the€ambulance€to€askÐ 0"€  Ðthe€defendant€the€question€again.€€However,€when€the€defendant€saw€the€tape€recorder,€his€eyesÐ #l! Ðð ðbugged,ðð€and€he€said,€ð ðI€didnððt€say€that€man.ððÐ $X" ÐÌà  àCaptain€Jacks€testified€the€fire€had€two€points€of€origin:€€one€in€the€childrenððs€bedroom€andÐ à%0!$ Ðone€in€Ms.€Thompsonððs€bedroom.€€He€said€he€found€a€strong€odor€of€gasoline€in€the€childrenððsÐ Ì&"% Ðbedroom,€a€window€that€had€been€broken€from€the€outside,€pieces€of€glass€on€the€floor€that€appearedÐ ¸'#& Ðto€have€blood€on€them,€small€spots€of€blood€on€the€wall€outside€the€window€and€on€a€window€screenÐ ¤(ô#' Ðlying€beside€the€window,€bright€red€blood€on€pieces€of€glass€lying€on€the€ground€beneath€theÐ )à$( Ðwindow,€and€a€burn€pattern€consistent€with€a€flammable€liquid€having€been€thrown€against€the€wall.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐHe€said€he€found€the€second€point€of€origin€beneath€a€window€in€Thompsonððs€bedroom,€where€heÐ h+¸&* Ðagain€detected€the€odor€of€gasoline,€indicating€that€it€was€ð ðan€area€where€an€accelerant€was€poured.ððÐ ° ÐThere€was€blood€on€the€ground€beneath€this€window€as€well.€€Captain€Jacks€testified€he€sent€theÐ œì Ðsamples€of€blood€and€other€evidence€he€collected€at€the€scene,€along€with€the€defendantððs€clothingÐ ˆØ Ðand€a€sample€of€the€defendantððs€blood,€to€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€(ð ðTBIðð)€CrimeÐ tÄ ÐLaboratory€in€Nashville€for€analysis.€Ð `° ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Captain€Jacks€testified€that,€based€on€his€experience,€ð ða€fire€like€thatÐ 8 ˆ Ðwhen€something€is€thrown€through€a€window€is€usually€a€Molotov€cocktail.ðð€€He€conceded,€however,Ð $ t Ðthat€he€did€not€find€a€Molotov€cocktail€in€the€house,€and,€to€his€knowledge,€the€defendant€did€notÐ  ` Ðhave€any€burns.€€On€redirect,€he€testified€that€it€was€possible€the€fire€had€been€started€by€someoneÐ ü L  Ðbreaking€a€window,€pouring€an€accelerant€inside€the€window,€and€igniting€the€accelerant.€€He€saidÐ è 8  Ðhe€had€never€personally€investigated€an€arson€in€which€the€arsonist€received€any€burns.€€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àTara€Barker,€a€special€agent€forensic€scientist€with€the€TBI,€testified€her€analysis€revealed€theÐ ¬ü  Ðpresence€of€a€ð ðgasoline€range€productðð€in€a€sample€of€fire€debris€from€the€childrenððs€bedroom,€in€twoÐ ˜è  Ðsamples€of€fire€debris€from€the€back€bedroom,€and€on€the€clothing€of€the€defendant.€€On€cross„Ð „Ô  Ðexamination,€she€acknowledged€that€a€ð ðgasoline€range€productðð€includes€ordinary€automotiveÐ pÀ Ðgasoline.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àMichael€Turbeville,€a€forensic€scientist€in€the€DNA€serology€unit€of€the€TBI€CrimeÐ 4„ ÐLaboratory€in€Nashville,€testified€he€was€provided€with€several€samples€to€analyze€in€connectionÐ  p Ðwith€the€case.€€His€results€were€as€follows:€€the€glass€outside€the€childrenððs€window€testedÐ  \ Ðpresumptively€positive€for€blood,€but€he€was€unable€to€determine€if€it€was€human€blood;€a€secondÐ øH Ðglass€sample€recovered€from€the€scene€contained€human€blood,€but€ð ðno€DNA€profile€was€obtainedÐ ä4 Ðdue€to€an€insufficient€amount€or€degraded€DNA€sampleðð;€grass€found€outside€Thompsonððs€bedroomÐ Ð  Ðwindow€tested€positive€for€human€blood,€but€again,€no€DNA€profile€was€obtainable€due€toÐ ¼  Ðð ðinsufficient€or€degraded€sampleðð;€and€finally,€reddish„brown€stains€found€on€a€metal€window€frameÐ ¨ø Ðwere€possibly€blood,€but€he€was€unable€to€determine€if€they€were€human€blood.€€Turbeville€testifiedÐ ”ä Ðthat€heat€is€one€of€the€worst€enemies€of€DNA.€Ð €Ð Ѐ€Ð l¼ Ðà  àDr.€David€Leonard€Ciraulo,€a€trauma€critical€care€surgeon€at€Erlanger€Medical€Center,Ð X ¨ Ðtestified€the€defendantððs€main€injury€was€a€transection€of€the€radial€artery,€which€was€repaired€withÐ D!” Ðsurgery.€€The€injury€was€consistent€with€a€cut€from€glass€but€could€have€been€caused€by€any€sharpÐ 0"€  Ðobject.€€The€defendantððs€blood„alcohol€level€was€.17%,€and€he€also€tested€positive€for€cocaine.€Ð #l! ÐNonetheless,€the€defendant€remained€either€a€14€or€a€15€on€the€ð ðGlasgow€Coma€Scaleðð€during€hisÐ $X" Ðtime€in€the€trauma€unit,€meaning€that€he€was€ð ðawake,€alert€and€oriented€times€three.ðð€€However,€Dr.Ð ô$D # ÐCiraulo€acknowledged€that€the€defendantððs€medical€records€indicated€he€was€too€inebriated€toÐ à%0!$ Ðprovide€an€accurate€history€to€the€plastic€surgeon.€€He€further€acknowledged€that€the€defendantððsÐ Ì&"% Ðmedical€records€showed,€in€addition€to€the€injury€to€his€right€arm,€an€abrasion€to€the€leg,€lacerationsÐ ¸'#& Ðof€the€left€arm,€and€a€ð ðmarkðð€on€the€left€hand.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€elected€not€to€testify,€and€rested€his€case€without€the€presentation€of€any€proof.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐAfter€deliberating,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€all€the€indicted€charges,€with€the€exceptionÐ h+¸&* Ðof€kidnapping,€for€which€it€found€him€guilty€of€the€lesser„included€offense€of€false€imprisonment.€Ð ° ÐFollowing€a€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€Range€I,€standardÐ œì Ðoffender€to€twenty„one€years€for€each€of€the€attempted€first€degree€murder€convictions;€as€a€violentÐ ˆØ Ðoffender€to€twenty„two€years€at€85%€release€eligibility€for€the€aggravated€arson€conviction;€and€asÐ tÄ Ða€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€six€months€each€for€the€false€imprisonment,€assault,€and€theft€underÐ `° Ð$500€convictions.€€The€trial€court€ordered€the€defendantððs€six„month€sentence€for€theft€under€$500Ð L œ Ðto€be€served€consecutively€to€his€twenty„two„year€sentence€for€aggravated€arson,€for€an€effectiveÐ 8 ˆ Ðsentence€of€twenty„two€years,€six€months€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àà@òò&ìàò òòòANALYSISˆÐ ü L  ÐÌóóó óà@÷÷ìàò òI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÐ Ô$  ÐÌó óà  àThe€defendant€raises€as€his€first€issue€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€hisÐ ¬ü  Ðconvictions.€€Although€he€does€not€make€it€clear,€he€appears€to€challenge€only€the€sufficiency€of€theÐ ˜è  Ðevidence€in€support€of€his€aggravated€arson€and€attempted€first€degree€murder€convictions,€arguingÐ „Ô  Ðthat€the€circumstantial€evidence€linking€him€to€the€arson€was€insufficient€to€exclude€every€otherÐ pÀ Ðreasonable€theory€or€hypothesis€except€that€of€his€guilt€of€the€crimes.€€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àWhen€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€is€challenged€on€appeal,€the€relevantÐ 4„ Ðquestion€of€the€reviewing€court€is€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÐ  p Ðto€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crimeÐ  \ Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.Ð øH Ð2d€560,€573€(1979);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„92€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.Ð ä4 ÐAndersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)òòóó;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€of€guiltÐ Ð  Ðin€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficientÐ ¼  Ðto€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð).€€All€questionsÐ ¨ø Ðinvolving€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€and€all€factualÐ ”ä Ðissues€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð €Ð Ð1987)òòóó.€€ð ðA€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€theÐ l¼ Ðwitnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,Ð X ¨ Ð493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€withÐ D!” Ðwhich€a€defendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convictedÐ 0"€  Ðdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð #l! ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ô‡ XÁXXXÁÔÐ $X" ÐÌà  àThe€same€standard€of€review€is€applicable€to€convictions€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ð à%0!$ Ðcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Nesbitóó,€Ð Ì&"% Ð978€S.W.2d€872,€898€(Tenn.€1998).Ô#†XÁXX XÁ…#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔòòóó€€However,€if€a€conviction€is€based€entirely€on€circumstantialÐ ¸'#& Ðevidence,€the€facts€must€be€ð ðððso€clearly€interwoven€and€connected€that€the€finger€of€guilt€is€pointedÐ ¤(ô#' Ðunerringly€at€the€Defendant€and€the€Defendant€alone.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Reidóó,€91€S.W.3d€247,€277€(Tenn.Ð )à$( Ð2002)€(quotingòò€State€v.€Smithóó,€868€S.W.2d€561,€569€(Tenn.€1993)).€€Ô#†XÁXX XÁ{†#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔThe€weight€of€circumstantialÐ |*Ì%) Ðevidence€is€for€the€jury€to€determine.€€òòState€v.€Couryóó,€697€S.W.2d€373,€377€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985).€Ð h+¸&* ÐFurther,€whether€all€other€reasonable€theories€have€been€excluded€by€the€evidence€is€primarily€aÐ ° Ðquestion€of€fact€for€the€jury.€€òòPruitt€v.€Stateóó,€460€S.W.2d€385,€391€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1970).€Ð œì Ðà  àÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€the€circumstantial€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€the€juryððs€guiltyÐ tÄ Ðverdicts€because€ð ðthere€were€no€eyewitnesses€to€the€crime€or€any€type€of€physical€evidence€collectedÐ `° Ðat€the€scene€of€the€fire€linking€the€Appellant.ðð€€In€particular,€the€defendant€points€out€that€the€StateÐ L œ Ðwas€unable€to€establish€through€DNA€analysis€the€source€of€the€blood€found€at€the€scene€of€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðcrime.€€The€State€responds€that€the€proof€at€trial€was€sufficient€for€a€rational€jury€to€conclude€beyondÐ $ t Ða€reasonable€doubt€that€it€was€the€defendant€who€set€the€fire.€€We€agree€with€the€State.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThe€proof€in€this€case,€viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€is€sufficient€toÐ è 8  Ðestablish€the€defendantððs€identity€as€the€perpetrator€and€to€exclude€every€other€reasonable€hypothesisÐ Ô$  Ðexcept€his€guilt€of€the€offenses.€€The€evidence€at€trial€showed€that€the€defendant€was€angry€atÐ À  ÐThompson€for€ending€their€relationship€and€jealous€at€the€thought€of€her€with€another€man.€Ð ¬ü  ÐApproximately€one€week€before€the€fire,€the€defendant€threatened€Thompsonððs€children€in€aÐ ˜è  Ðconversation€with€Thompsonððs€next„door€neighbor.€€At€roughly€the€same€period€of€time,€on€May€25,Ð „Ô  Ð2000,€the€defendant€forced€Thompson€into€his€car€and€drove€her€around€against€her€will,€at€the€sameÐ pÀ Ðtime€telling€her€that€he€loved€her€and€wanted€a€chance€to€start€over€with€her.€€On€the€evening€beforeÐ \¬ Ðthe€fire,€the€defendant€telephoned€Thompsonððs€house€over€twenty€times€and,€in€one€of€hisÐ H˜ Ðconversations€with€her,€threatened€to€kill€her€if€he€discovered€that€she€was€with€another€man.€Ð 4„ ÐApproximately€five€minutes€after€Thompson€left€the€house,€someone€standing€outside€the€houseÐ  p Ðbroke€a€window€in€Thompsonððs€bedroom,€where€her€male€friend€was€staying,€and€a€window€in€aÐ  \ Ðsecond€bedroom,€where€two€of€Thompsonððs€three€children€were€sleeping,€and€threw€or€poured€aÐ øH Ðgasoline€range€product€inside,€setting€the€house€on€fire.€€Broken€glass€and€blood€found€at€the€sceneÐ ä4 Ðsuggested€that€the€arsonist€cut€himself€in€the€process€of€setting€the€fire.€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€was€found€shortly€after€the€fire€lying€on€a€nearby€street€with€a€severely€cutÐ ¨ø Ðarm.€€A€trail€of€blood€led€from€the€pools€of€blood€where€the€defendant€was€found€back€toward€theÐ ”ä Ðscene€of€the€fire.€€The€defendant€told€the€paramedic€who€treated€him€that€he€had€cut€his€arm€on€glassÐ €Ð Ðand€twice€answered€in€the€affirmative€when€asked,€first€by€a€police€officer€and€then€by€the€fireÐ l¼ Ðinvestigator,€if€he€had€cut€himself€starting€the€fire.€€Finally,€a€gasoline€range€product€was€present€onÐ X ¨ Ðthe€defendantððs€clothing.€€This€evidence,€taken€together,€was€sufficient€to€point€the€finger€of€guiltÐ D!” Ðunerringly€at€the€defendant€as€the€perpetrator€of€the€crimes.€€In€the€face€of€such€overwhelmingÐ 0"€  Ðevidence€of€his€guilt,€the€State€did€not€need€to€conclusively€establish€through€DNA€testing€that€theÐ #l! Ðblood€found€at€the€scene€of€the€crime€matched€the€defendant.€€We€conclude,€therefore,€that€theÐ $X" Ðevidence€was€sufficient€for€the€jury€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€of€aggravated€arson€and€four€countsÐ ô$D # Ðof€attempted€first€degree€murder€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Further,€although€not€specifically€raisedÐ à%0!$ Ðby€the€defendant,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€also€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððsÐ Ì&"% Ðconvictions€for€theft€under€$500,€false€imprisonment,€and€assault.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà@  ìàò òII.€€Motion€to€Suppress€Defendantððs€StatementsˆÐ ° ÐÌó óà  àThe€defendant€next€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€to€suppress€hisÐ ˆØ Ðstatements€to€Officer€Fugh€and€Captain€Jacks.€€The€defendant€moved€to€suppress€his€statementsÐ tÄ Ðpretrial€on€the€basis€that€neither€Officer€Fugh€nor€Captain€Jacks€provided€him€with€his€òòMirandaóóÐ `° Ðwarning€or€obtained€his€waiver€of€rights€before€questioning€him€about€his€involvement€in€the€fire.€Ð L œ ÐAfter€ascertaining€that€the€defendant€had€not€been€arrested€or€placed€in€handcuffs,€the€trial€courtÐ 8 ˆ Ðdenied€the€motion,€finding€that€the€defendant€was€not€in€custody€at€the€time€he€was€questioned,€andÐ $ t Ðthus,€òòMirandaóó€did€not€apply.€Ô#†XÁXX XÁ`ˆ#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔÐ  ` ÐÌà  àOur€supreme€court€has€set€forth€the€standard€by€which€an€appellate€court€is€to€review€a€trialÐ è 8  Ðcourtððs€ruling€on€a€motion€to€suppress:€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àBecause€issues€of€whether€a€defendant€was€placed€into€custody,Ð ¬ü  Ðinterrogated,€or€voluntarily€gave€a€confession€are€primarily€issues€ofÐ ˜è  Ðfact,€we€review€these€factual€determinations€by€the€trial€courtÐ „Ô  Ðaccording€to€the€standard€set€forth€in€òòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18Ð pÀ Ð(Tenn.€1996).€€Under€this€standard,€ð ða€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€inÐ \¬ Ða€suppression€hearing€will€be€upheld€unless€the€evidenceÐ H˜ Ðpreponderates€otherwise.ðð€Questions€about€witness€credibility€andÐ 4„ Ðð ðresolution€of€conflicts€in€the€evidence€are€matters€entrusted€to€theÐ  p Ðtrial€judge,ðð€and€the€ð ðtestimony€presented€at€trial€may€be€consideredÐ  \ Ðby€an€appellate€court€in€deciding€the€propriety€of€the€trial€courtððsÐ øH Ðruling€on€a€motion€to€suppress.ðð€Our€review€of€a€trial€courtððsÐ ä4 Ðapplication€of€law€to€the€facts,€however,€is€conducted€under€a€òòde€novoóóÐ Ð  Ðstandard€of€review.€Ð¼ ` x` x ÐÌòòState€v.€Waltonóó,€41€S.W.3d€75,€81€(Tenn.)€(citations€and€footnote€omitted),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€534€U.S.Ð ”ä Ð948,€122€S.€Ct.€341,€151€L.€Ed.€2d€258€(2001).€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€defendant€asserts€that€he€was€in€custody€when€he€was€questioned€because€heÐ X ¨ Ðwas€a€suspect€and€physically€unable€to€leave€the€scene.€€Ô#†XÁXX XÁZ#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔHe,€therefore,€argues€that€his€statementsÐ D!” Ðshould€have€been€suppressed€because€he€was€not€in€a€position,€given€his€physical€condition€at€theÐ 0"€  Ðtime,€to€knowingly€and€voluntarily€waive€his€right€to€remain€silent.€€The€State€responds€by€arguingÐ #l! Ðthat€the€trial€court€correctly€found€that€the€defendant€was€not€in€custody€at€the€time€he€gave€hisÐ $X" Ðstatements,€and€thus,€òòMirandaóó€was€not€implicated.€€We€agree€with€the€State.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àIn€òòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436,€471„75,€86€S.€Ct.€1602,€1626„28,€16€L.€Ed.€2d€694Ð Ì&"% Ð(1966),€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€held€that€a€defendantððs€statements€made€during€a€custodialÐ ¸'#& Ðinterrogation€are€inadmissible€at€trial€unless€the€State€establishes€that€the€defendant€was€informedÐ ¤(ô#' Ðof€his€right€to€remain€silent€and€his€right€to€counsel€and€that€the€defendant€knowingly€and€voluntarilyÐ )à$( Ðwaived€those€rights.€€The€Court€defined€a€ð ðcustodial€interrogationðð€as€ð ðquestioning€initiated€by€lawÐ |*Ì%) Ðenforcement€officers€after€a€person€has€been€taken€into€custody€or€otherwise€deprived€of€his€freedomÐ h+¸&* Ðof€action€in€any€significant€way.ðð€€òòId.óó,€384€U.S.€at€444,€86€S.€Ct.€at€1612.€€Our€supreme€court€has€setÐ ° Ðforth€a€number€of€factors€to€consider€in€determining€whether€a€reasonable€person€would€considerÐ œì Ðhimself€in€custody,€including€the€following:Ð ˆØ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àð ð[T]he€time€and€location€of€the€interrogation;€the€duration€andÐ `° Ðcharacter€of€the€questioning;€the€officerððs€tone€of€voice€and€generalÐ L œ Ðdemeanor;€the€suspectððs€method€of€transportation€to€the€place€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðquestioning;€the€number€of€police€officers€present;€any€limitation€onÐ $ t Ðmovement€or€other€form€of€restraint€imposed€on€the€suspect€duringÐ  ` Ðthe€interrogation;€any€interactions€between€the€officer€and€the€suspect,Ð ü L  Ðincluding€the€words€spoken€by€the€officer€to€the€suspect,€and€theÐ è 8  Ðsuspectððs€verbal€or€nonverbal€responses;€the€extent€to€which€theÐ Ô$  Ðsuspect€is€confronted€with€the€law€enforcement€officerððs€suspicionsÐ À  Ðof€guilt€or€evidence€of€guilt;€and€finally,€the€extent€to€which€theÐ ¬ü  Ðsuspect€is€made€aware€that€he€or€she€is€free€to€refrain€from€answeringÐ ˜è  Ðquestions€or€to€end€the€interview€at€will.ððÐ„Ô ` x` x ÐÓ*°,X„Xz –X°œX*ÓòòÌWaltonóó,€41€S.W.3d€at€82-83€(quoting€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€937€S.W.2d€851,€855€(Tenn.€1996)).€€OurÐ \¬ Ðsupreme€court€has€further€defined€an€arrest€in€Tennessee€as€involving€an€ð ðactual€restraint€on€theÐ H˜ Ðarresteeððs€freedom€of€movement€under€legal€authority€of€the€arresting€officer.ðð€€òòState€v.€Crutcheróó,Ð 4„ Ð989€S.W.2d€301„02€(Tenn.€1999).€Ð  p ÐÓ. °œX°,X„Xz –X ¯.ÓÔ#†XÁXX XÁ|¤#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€this€case€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððsÐ øH Ðfinding€that€the€defendant€was€not€arrested€or€in€custody€when€questioned€by€Officer€Fugh€andÐ ä4 ÐCaptain€Jacks€and€that€the€requirements€of€òòMirandaóó€therefore€did€not€apply.€€Although€the€lawÐ Ð  Ðenforcement€officers€suspected€the€defendant€of€setting€the€fire,€the€record€establishes€that€he€wasÐ ¼  Ðnot€under€arrest€or€in€handcuffs€at€the€time€he€was€questioned€about€his€injuries.€€To€be€consideredÐ ¨ø Ðin€custody€for€the€purposes€of€triggering€the€òòMirandaóó€warning,€the€defendant€must€be€either€underÐ ”ä Ðarrest€or€deprived€of€his€freedom€of€action€in€a€manner€associated€with€a€formal€arrest.€€òòSeeóó€òòWaltonóó,Ð €Ð Ð41€S.W.3d€at€82òòóó.€€ð ðThis€Court€has€expanded€this€definition€to€mean€ððunder€the€totality€of€theÐ l¼ Ðcircumstances,€[whether]€a€reasonable€person€in€the€suspectððs€position€would€consider€himself€orÐ X ¨ Ðherself€deprived€of€freedom€of€movement€to€a€degree€associated€with€a€formal€arrest.ðððð€€òòId.óó€(quotingÐ D!” ÐòòAndersonóó,€937€S.W.2d€at€€855).€òòóó€Here,€the€defendantððs€encounters€with€the€law€enforcement€officersÐ 0"€  Ðwere€not€voluntary,€but€the€officers€were€not€responsible€for€the€defendantððs€inability€to€physicallyÐ #l! Ðavoid€the€confrontations.€€What€weight,€if€any,€the€defendantððs€statements€carried€was€for€the€juryÐ $X" Ðto€decide,€which€heard€evidence€about€the€defendantððs€condition€at€the€time€he€made€the€statements,Ð ô$D # Ðas€well€as€the€results€of€his€drug€and€alcohol€tests€performed€upon€his€admission€to€the€hospital.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà@C C ìàò òIII.€€Rebuttal€Witness€Called€During€Stateððs€Case€in€ChiefˆÐ ¸'#& ÐÌó óà  àThe€defendant€next€contends€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€by€allowing€the€StateÐ )à$( Ðto€call€a€rebuttal€witness€during€the€presentation€of€its€case€in€chief.€€On€the€morning€of€the€secondÐ |*Ì%) Ðday€of€trial,€the€State€informed€the€trial€court€that,€based€on€the€previous€dayððs€cross„examination€ofÐ h+¸&* ÐThompson,€it€wished€to€present€Thompsonððs€supervisor€at€Heritage€Hosiery,€Phillip€Woodall,€toÐ ° Ðrebut€the€suggestion€that€Thompson€had€failed€to€immediately€report€the€kidnapping:€Ð œì ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à[PROSECUTOR]:€Judge,€based€on€some€questions€thatÐ tÄ Ð[defense€counsel]€asked€yesterday,€I€have€a€witness€from€„„€that€wasÐ `° Ðher€supervisor€at€the€hosiery€mill.€€You€know€her€questions€were,€youÐ L œ Ðwent€back€in€and€sort€of€implying€that€she€really€didnððt€go€back€in€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðtell€somebody.€€Itððs€not€a€witness€thatððs€been€listed€previously,€but€itððsÐ $ t Ðto€rebut€what€she€said.€€Now,€I€could€hold€it€for€my€rebuttal€proof,€butÐ  ` ÐI€think€itððs€proper€at€this€point€to€go€ahead€and€rebut.€€Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà  àDefense€counsel€objected€that,€as€a€rebuttal€witness,€Woodallððs€testimony€should€properlyÐ Ô$  Ðcome€after€the€defendantððs€case.€€However,€the€trial€court€overruled€the€objection,€ruling€that€theÐ À  ÐState€would€be€allowed€to€present€the€witness€after€defense€counsel€first€had€a€chance€to€talk€withÐ ¬ü  Ðhim€to€eliminate€any€surprise€that€could€be€created€by€his€testimony:€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àTHE€COURT:€€I€donððt€see€it€really€makes€any€difference.€Ð pÀ ÐYou€know,€as€long€as€you€have€a€chance€to€talk€to€him€and€itððs€notÐ \¬ Ðlike€itððs€a€major€„„€itððs€a€rebuttal€type€witness.€€I€donððt€think€it€reallyÐ H˜ Ðmatters€when.€€I€mean,€it€came€as€a€surprise€to€her€[prosecutor]€thatÐ 4„ Ðit€was€an€issue,€I€guess.€€But€Iððll€let€you€talk€to€him€so€itððs€no€surprise.€Ð  p ÐÐ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à[DEFENSE€COUNSEL]:€€Thank€you.ÐøH` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àTHE€COURT:€But€just€to€make€it€run€smooth€Iððd€rather€it€„„Ð Ð  ÐI€donððt€like€to€have€rebuttal€stuff€unless€we€have€to€after€your€proof,Ð ¼  Ðyou€know,€unless€we€have€to.Шø` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€admission€of€rebuttal€evidence€lies€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court,€and€thisÐ €Ð Ðcourt€will€not€overturn€that€decision€absent€a€clear€showing€of€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.Ð l¼ ÐKendricksóó,€947€S.W.2d€875,€884€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Bradenóó,€867€S.W.2d€750,€760Ð X ¨ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€ð ðAny€competent€evidence€which€explains€or€directly€applies€to€evidenceÐ D!” Ðintroduced€by€the€accused€is€admissible€in€rebuttal.ðð€€òòState€v.€Yarbroóó,€618€S.W.2d€521,€525€(Tenn.Ð 0"€  ÐCrim.€App.€1981).€€The€defendant€argues€on€appeal€that€Woodall€was€a€material,€rather€than€aÐ #l! Ðrebuttal,€witness€whose€testimony€should€have€been€excluded€based€on€the€Stateððs€failure€to€provideÐ $X" Ðhis€name€prior€to€trial.€€However,€we€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€by€the€trial€court€in€allowing€hisÐ ô$D # Ðtestimony.€€Defense€counselððs€questions€during€cross„examination€cast€doubt€upon€ThompsonððsÐ à%0!$ Ðclaim€of€having€immediately€reported€the€kidnapping€and€implied€that€she€had€fabricated€theÐ Ì&"% Ðepisode.€€The€State€then€called€Woodall€to€testify€that€Thompson€appeared€upset€when€she€arrivedÐ ¸'#& Ðlate€to€work,€and€she€immediately€informed€him€of€the€kidnapping.€€The€trial€court€allowed€defenseÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcounsel€an€opportunity€to€speak€with€Woodall€before€his€testimony,€thereby€eliminating€any€surprise.€Ð )à$( ÐTrial€counsel€was€able€to€bring€out€on€cross„examination€that€the€only€source€of€WoodallððsÐ |*Ì%) Ðknowledge€about€the€kidnapping€was€Thompson,€and€that€she€did€not€appear€to€have€any€injuries.€Ð h+¸&* ÐThe€defendant€has€not€shown€how€he€was€prejudiced€by€the€order€in€which€the€State€was€allowedÐ ° Ðto€call€the€witness.€€We€conclude,€therefore,€that€this€issue€is€without€merit.€Ð œì ÐÌà@FF"ìàò òIV.€€Sentencing€ˆÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àó óThe€defendant€next€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€by€misapplying€enhancementÐ L œ Ðand€mitigating€factors.€€Ô#†XÁXX XÁ6±#ÔÔ‡XÁXXXÁÔWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,Ð 8 ˆ Ðit€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòóóòòde€novoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€ð ðtheÐ $ t Ðdeterminations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ  ` Ð40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€theÐ ü L  Ðtrial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð è 8  ÐAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€conducting€a€òòóóòòde€novoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€courtÐ Ô$  Ðmust€consider€(a)€any€evidence€received€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentenceÐ À  Ðreport,€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÐ ¬ü  Ðalternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€or€enhancementÐ ˜è  Ðfactors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)€the€accusedððs€potentialÐ „Ô  Ðor€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„103,€„210;€òòState€v.Ð pÀ ÐTayloróó,€63€S.W.3d€400,€411€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€€2001)òòóó.€€The€party€challenging€the€sentences€imposedÐ \¬ Ðby€the€trial€court€has€the€burden€of€establishing€that€the€sentence€is€erroneous.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ H˜ Ð40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Cmts.;€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169òòóó.€€Ô#†XÁXXXÁ>Ì#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔ€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€aggravated€arson€and€attempted€first€degree€murder€convictions€are€ClassÐ  \ ÐA€felonies.€€In€imposing€a€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony,€the€trial€court€is€to€start€at€the€midpoint€inÐ øH Ðthe€range,€increase€the€sentence€based€on€any€applicable€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€theÐ ä4 Ðsentence€as€appropriate€based€on€any€applicable€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ Ð  Ð40-35-210(c),€(d),€(e)€(2003).€€The€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððsÐ ¼  Ðdiscretion€so€long€as€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€andÐ ¨ø Ðits€findings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40-35-210,€Sentencing€Commission€Cmts.;€Ð ”ä ÐòòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€237€(Tenn.€1986);€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.Ð €Ð ÐÔ#†XÁXX XÁ Ó#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔÌÔ#†XÁXX XÁ.×#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€enhancement€factor€(11),€thatÐ X ¨ Ðhe€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€Tenn.€CodeÐ D!” ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(11)€(2003),€and€òòóóenhancement€factor€(17),€that€the€crime€was€committed€underÐ 0"€  Ðcircumstances€under€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great,€€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114(17),Ð #l! Ðto€his€aggravated€arson€sentence€because€the€risk€to€human€life€and€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€aÐ $X" Ðvictim€are€both€inherent€in€the€crime€of€aggravated€arson.€€The€defendant€further€argues€that€the€trialÐ ô$D # Ðcourt€erred€by€failing€to€apply€his€abusive€childhood€as€a€factor€in€mitigation.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„Ð à%0!$ Ð113(13).€€The€State€argues€that€enhancement€factors€(11)€and€(17)€were€appropriate€to€enhance€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendantððs€aggravated€arson€sentence€based€on€evidence€of€the€multiple€victims€who€were€presentÐ ¸'#& Ðin€the€home€at€the€time€the€fire€was€set,€and€the€trial€court€properly€declined€to€give€the€defendantððsÐ ¤(ô#' Ðabusive€childhood€any€weight€as€a€mitigating€factor.€Ð )à$( Ðâ âÔ#†XÁXX XÁq×#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àAt€the€defendantððs€November€4,€2002,€sentencing€hearing,€Fire€Investigator€Randy€JacksÐ ° Ðâ âtestified€that€there€were€four€individuals,€Thompsonððs€male€friend€and€her€three€children,€sleepingÐ œì Ðin€the€duplex€at€the€time€the€fire€was€set.€€He€said€that,€based€on€his€experience,€all€four€individualsÐ ˆØ Ðwere€at€a€substantial€risk€of€harm€from€the€fire€and€that€all€four,€as€well€as€the€individual€who€residedÐ tÄ Ðin€the€adjoining€duplex,€could€possibly€have€been€killed.€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àThree€of€the€defendantððs€sisters,€Olivia€Bradley,€Valerie€Bradley,€and€Mary€Horner,€testifiedÐ 8 ˆ Ðin€the€defendantððs€behalf.€€All€three€said€that€they€loved€their€brother€and€described€him€as€a€goodÐ $ t Ðperson.€€Olivia€Bradley€testified€that€the€defendant€was€hardworking,€generous,€and€friendly€and€thatÐ  ` Ðhe€loved€children.€€She€said€she€considered€him€a€good€brother€and€had€supported€him€throughoutÐ ü L  Ðthe€trial€and€sentencing€hearing.€€Valerie€Bradley€also€testified€that€the€defendant€was€hardworkingÐ è 8  Ðand€good€with€children.€€She€said€that€she€loved€him,€and€her€children€missed€their€uncle.€€Finally,Ð Ô$  ÐMary€Horner€testified€that€when€she€and€the€defendant€were€children,€their€father,€who€claimed€thatÐ À  Ðthe€defendant€was€not€his€son,€kept€the€defendant€locked€in€a€small€pantry€for€days€at€a€time.€€HornerÐ ¬ü  Ðsaid€that€she€and€her€siblings€had€to€ð ðsneakðð€the€defendant€food€by€throwing€ð ðcandy€and€chips€andÐ ˜è  Ðwhateverðð€from€the€outside€through€a€small,€high€window€into€the€pantry.€€Horner€testified€that€theirÐ „Ô  Ðmother€was€blind,€and€their€father€had€only€one€leg€and€walked€with€the€aid€of€a€stick.€€She€said€thatÐ pÀ Ðtheir€father€beat€their€mother€with€the€stick€and€also€beat€the€defendant€with€the€same€stick.€€SheÐ \¬ Ðtestified€that,€in€spite€of€his€background,€the€defendant€was€the€only€one€of€the€ten€children€in€theÐ H˜ Ðfamily€who€attended€college.€€She€said€the€defendant€always€helped€people€and€characterized€himÐ 4„ Ðas€a€good€person.€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àIn€addition,€defense€counsel€submitted€as€mitigation€evidence€a€number€of€certificates€theÐ øH Ðdefendant€had€earned€in€drug,€alcohol,€and€anger€management€courses€during€the€course€of€hisÐ ä4 Ðincarceration.€Ð Ð  Ðà  àÔ#†XÁXX XÁÜÜ#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔÌà  àThe€trial€court€found€no€enhancement€factors€applicable€to€the€theft,€false€imprisonment,€andÐ ¨ø Ðassault€convictions€and€sentenced€the€defendant€to€six€months€for€each€of€those€convictions.€€TheÐ ”ä Ðtrial€court€applied€enhancement€factor€(10),€the€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm,Ð €Ð Ðexplosive€device€or€other€deadly€weapon€in€the€commission€of€the€offense,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð l¼ Ð35„114(10)€(2003),€to€the€attempted€first€degree€murder€convictions€and€increased€his€sentence€oneÐ X ¨ Ðyear€from€the€presumptive€midpoint€sentence€of€twenty€years€for€those€convictions.€€As€for€theÐ D!” Ðaggravated€arson€conviction,€the€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factors€(4),€the€offense€involvedÐ 0"€  Ðmore€than€one€victim,€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114(4),€and€(7),€there€was€a€substantial€amount€of€property€damageÐ #l! Ðsustained,€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114(7),€but€declined€to€assign€either€of€those€factors€much€weight.€€The€trialÐ $X" Ðcourt€found,€however,€that€the€defendantððs€manner€of€committing€the€offense,€by€throwing€MolotovÐ ô$D # Ðcocktails€through€the€bedroom€windows€of€a€house€in€which€people€were€sleeping,€madeÐ à%0!$ Ðenhancement€factors€(11)€and€(17)€applicable€to€the€offense,€and€that€both€of€these€factors€wereÐ Ì&"% Ðentitled€to€substantial€weight.€€The€trial€court€therefore€increased€the€defendantððs€sentence€forÐ ¸'#& Ðaggravated€arson€from€the€presumptive€midpoint€of€twenty€years€to€twenty„two€years.€€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€enhancement€of€his€sentence€for€aggravated€arson,Ð |*Ì%) Ðarguing€that€enhancement€factors€(11)€and€(17)€should€not€have€been€used€to€increase€his€sentenceÐ h+¸&* Ðbecause€both€factors€are€inherent€in€the€offense€of€aggravated€arson.€€However,€in€òòState€v.€Lewisóó,€44Ð ° ÐS.W.3d€501,€507€(Tenn.€2001),€our€supreme€court€held€that€the€high€risk€to€human€life€enhancementÐ œì Ðfactor€may€appropriately€be€applied€to€a€conviction€for€aggravated€arson€when€there€are€multipleÐ ˆØ Ðvictims€involved.€€The€court€reasoned€that€because€it€takes€only€a€single€individual€in€a€structure€toÐ tÄ Ðelevate€arson€to€aggravated€arson,€evidence€that€multiple€victims€were€placed€at€risk€shows€ð ðððaÐ `° Ðculpability€distinct€from€and€appreciably€greater€than€that€incident€to€the€offense€for€which€[theÐ L œ Ðdefendant]€was€convicted.ðððð€€òòId.óó€(quoting€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€603€(Tenn.€1994)).€€Here,Ð 8 ˆ Ðthere€was€proof€that€the€duplex€fire€endangered€multiple€lives,€including€not€only€the€four€occupantsÐ $ t Ðof€Thompsonððs€duplex,€but€also€the€resident€in€the€adjoining€duplex.€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThis€court€has€previously€held€that€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€enhancement€factor€is€notÐ è 8  Ðappropriate€to€enhance€a€sentence€for€aggravated€arson€because€a€potential€for€bodily€injury€isÐ Ô$  Ðinherent€in€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Kerwin€L.€Waltonóó,€No.02C01„9512„CR„00372,€1997€WLÐ À  Ð576447,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Sept.€17,€1997);€òòState€v.€Robert€Gene€Maloneóó,€No.€03„C„01„9110„Ð ¬ü  ÐCR„00307,€1992€WL€62014,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Mar.€31,€1992).€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€erredÐ ˜è  Ðin€applying€enhancement€factor€(17)€to€the€defendantððs€sentence.€€However,€although€not€consideredÐ „Ô  Ðby€the€trial€court,€there€was€ample€evidence€to€support€the€application€of€enhancement€factor€(5),€aÐ pÀ Ðvictim€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€age€or€physical€or€mental€disability,€for€both€theÐ \¬ Ðaggravated€arson€and€attempted€first€degree€murder€convictions,€due€to€the€victims€having€beenÐ H˜ Ðasleep€at€the€time€the€fire€was€set.€€òòSeeóó€òòLewisóó,€44€S.W.3d€at€506€(finding€particularly€vulnerableÐ 4„ Ðenhancement€factor€applicable€when€arson€was€committed€at€3:00€a.m.,€a€time€when€residents€ofÐ  p Ðapartment€building€were€sleeping).Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€considered€the€evidence€of€the€defendantððs€abusive€childhood,€his€completionÐ ä4 Ðof€anger€management€and€drug€and€alcohol€classes,€and€his€familyððs€support€€as€a€ð ðcatchallðð€factorÐ Ð  Ðin€mitigation,€but€determined€that€it€was€entitled€to€little,€if€any,€weight.€€With€respect€to€theÐ ¼  Ðmitigation€evidence,€the€trial€court€stated:€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àUpon€the€testimony€before€me,€under€the€mitigating€factor€No.Ð €Ð Ð13,€the€catchall,€that€he€has€received€certificates€for€angerÐ l¼ Ðmanagement,€discipleship€classes,€drug€rehab€type€classes,€I€find€thatÐ X ¨ Ðhe€apparently€suffered€some€very€sad€child€abuse€in€this€young€age,Ð D!” Ðthat€he€currently€has€support€from€his€sisters€who€obviously€love€himÐ 0"€  Ðand€that€he€has€a€limited,€a€minor€misdemeanor€criminal€history€inÐ #l! Ðthis€case.€€However,€totally,€giving€weight€to€all€of€those€things,€IÐ $X" Ðdonððt€find€that€they€outweigh€or€mitigate€or€back€the€sentence€downÐ ô$D # Ðor€should€affect€the€prior€sentence.€€They€are€not€significant€enough,Ð à%0!$ Ðdonððt€hold€enough€weight€to€change€the€sentence€down€from€theÐ Ì&"% Ðsentences€given.и'#&` x` x Ðà  àÌà  àWe€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€refusal€to€give€any€weight€in€mitigation€to€the€defendantððsÐ )à$( Ðhistory€of€having€suffered€an€abusive€childhood€or,€in€light€of€the€applicable€enhancement€factors,Ð |*Ì%) Ðthe€trial€courtððs€enhancement€of€the€defendantððs€sentences€for€aggravated€arson€and€attempted€firstÐ h+¸&* Ðdegree€murder€beyond€the€presumptive€midpoint€in€the€range.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€sentencesÐ ° Ðimposed€by€the€trial€court.Ð œì ÐÌà@ìàò òIV.€€Cumulative€ErrorsˆÐ tÄ ÐÌó óà  àFinally,Ô#†XÁXX XÁpç#ÔÔ‡ XÁXXXÁÔ€we€find€no€merit€to€the€defendantððs€claim€that€cumulative€errors€deprived€him€of€aÐ L œ Ðfair€trial.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà@FF%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONóóó óˆÐ  ` ÐÌà  àBased€on€the€foregoing€authorities€and€reasoning,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.€Ð è 8  ÐHowever,€because€the€defendantððs€judgment€form€for€assault€in€Count€2€of€Case€No.€234375Ð Ô$  Ðerroneously€lists€his€sentence€as€six€years€rather€than€six€months,€we€remand€for€entry€of€a€correctedÐ À  Ðjudgment€for€that€offense.€Ô#†XÁXX XÁÏ#ÔÐ ¬ü  ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð pÀ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE