ÿWPC  ©\Ô,3sS-@1ÂØz ˜²_ÿU¹þó¸§ëLþ†çÆ3m‘’saÊ@á‘wZ¦0—!È.k(òbÙ|Æ9àq¥ÉÕëòµ‰´Í—o¨6M¥Ó¨<(¾)¬{ImÓ7+di1õ­uø3gƒøq(/§ÐŽÎœcU&±éƒ/Vž|o{#ÜSaó‡;ú^^Bhº?SõcJn=¢Ÿ:ÿ‰‰êõ>Þ§™ç(þ­UÁ/ÞEËï„¥ù¿Ï¶d{Ý3éaµÀ7l0 ¸' ”ȹèf<ò—§8\уޓ27yé_PçÈ$}}X苇[Rý!<+#hßKkʵ*‰Z4›u É­¶É0N¤*…îôÞî³hŸ%HZÊ©ç:(‰ˆb1ê3——½¶BÇ釴,þ’îin}½fåôs‘{³ÚX„Äx¥í¥QÕ˜—ÿκÚÐIv‚ñìÊë©ÂÛ˜ˆ¶Øå'pBÊÜt.Ë®‡l @Ñ‘$ÿaðíÜUÓ€½Æ1<"•RŠì8VÈSÄñÔДSÖ‚(Iù³¥ìˆMÈp÷SFÄW’2´Ø™j¶+dª–:ž(]P¶\‰Á[‹*^äMj&¦y E3ÓýÞY´Uï¶H^>¶ô»íæˆÌ muóâ÷4šîñ{õ*# L %WUN] 0Æ«q4yU:œ 0 Öw@à U: 0DZ Z ªž U:HÓ‚U:UÓ 0Db*¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ AQÐÆ! 0Dç 0D+ Boo D/ŒŒ B» D3ؘHP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLàÏX(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓÌqæ$3|xå,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(º(3©$¤¤Ý ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ýà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ÇÈDÉÔDÕDÖ e×DØDÙDÚÓ€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó  Ý ƒ ¡F$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÓÓà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓÓÔ‡XcöXXXÔÔ‡ô\ƒôX XcöÔIn€òòState€v.€Becky€Davisóó,€No.€03C01„9701„CR„00027€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€May€1,Ð `  Ð1998),€a€panel€of€this€court€reversed€her€first€degree€murder€conviction€by€acts€of€aggravated€childÏabuse.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(4)€(Supp.€1994).€€Ms.€Davis€and€the€defendant€were€triedÏseparately.€€In€òòDavisóó,€this€court€determined€that€the€trial€court€had€committed€reversible€error€by€failingÐ š : Ðto€instruct€the€jury€on€criminal€responsibility€for€facilitation€of€a€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„Ð X ø Ð403(a)(Supp.€1994).€€It€was€determined€that€facilitation€of€a€felony€was€a€lesser€included€offense€ofÏcriminal€responsibility€and€that€the€failure€to€charge€the€offense€violated€the€constitutional€rights€of€theÏdefendant.€€The€panel€concluded€that€"there€was€evidence€upon€which€reasonable€minds€couldÏconvict€[Davis]€of€facilitation€of€first€degree€murder."€€No€Rule€11€had€been€filed€by€July€13,€1998.€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÉÝ ƒ ¡F$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÓÓà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓÓÔ‡XcöXXXÔÔ‡ô\ƒôX XcöÔIn€òòState€v.€Becky€Davisóó,€No.€03C01„9701„CR„00027€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€May€1,Ð `  Ð1998),€a€panel€of€this€court€reversed€her€first€degree€murder€conviction€by€acts€of€aggravated€childÏabuse.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(4)€(Supp.€1994).€€Ms.€Davis€and€the€defendant€were€triedÏseparately.€€In€òòDavisóó,€this€court€determined€that€the€trial€court€had€committed€reversible€error€by€failingÐ š : Ðto€instruct€the€jury€on€criminal€responsibility€for€facilitation€of€a€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„Ð X ø Ð403(a).€€It€was€determined€that€facilitation€of€a€felony€was€a€lesser€included€offense€of€criminalÏresponsibility€and€that€the€failure€to€charge€the€offense€violated€the€constitutional€rights€of€theÏdefendant.€€The€panel€concluded€that€"there€was€evidence€upon€which€reasonable€minds€couldÏconvict€[Davis]€of€facilitation€of€first€degree€murder."€€òòDavisóó,€slip€op.€at€17.€€No€Rule€11€application€wasÐ Pð Ðfiled€by€the€state.€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÉÝ ƒ ©$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÓÓà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓÓÔ‡ X³­XXXÔÔ‡ ôüÛôX X³­ÔIn€òòState€v.€Becky€Davisóó,€No.€03C01„9701„CR„00027€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€May€1,Ð `  Ð1998),€a€panel€of€this€court€reversed€her€first€degree€murder€conviction€by€acts€of€aggravated€childÏabuse.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(4)€(Supp.€1994).€€Ms.€Davis€and€the€defendant€were€triedÏseparately.€€In€òòDavisóó,€this€court€determined€that€the€trial€court€had€committed€reversible€error€by€failingÐ š : Ðto€instruct€the€jury€on€criminal€responsibility€for€facilitation€of€a€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„Ð X ø Ð403(a).€€It€was€determined€that€facilitation€of€a€felony€was€a€lesser€included€offense€of€criminalÏresponsibility€and€that€the€failure€to€charge€the€offense€violated€the€constitutional€rights€of€theÏdefendant.€€The€panel€concluded€that€"there€was€evidence€upon€which€reasonable€minds€couldÏconvict€[Davis]€of€facilitation€of€first€degree€murder."€€òòDavisóó,€slip€op.€at€17.€€No€Rule€11€application€wasÐ Pð Ðfiled€by€the€state.€€($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó Ý ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X³­XXXÔÔ€BXX³­ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X³­XBÔÐ  ÐÌò òSeptember€10,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôüÛôXX³­ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó!"#&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý d(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd$$$$'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  ÝñÖñ›ñÖññÖññÆñ›ñÆññÖñÑ7€·0XdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€ X³­XXXÔñÚñœßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` ttx$X` ð Úrß›ñÚñà@g g ÚàòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóˆÐ `  Ðà@*ÚàòòAT€KNOXVILLEóóˆÐ , Ì Ðà@(ÚàJULY€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ” àà ì à*à D àC.C.A.€#€03C01„9707„CR„00302€€Ð 0 Ðà Œ àAppellee,à < àà ” àà ì à*à D àMcMINN€COUNTYÐ \ü  ÐVS.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à*à D àHon.€Mayo€L.€Mashburn,€JudgeÐ (È  ÐÓÓTRELVER€BRADLEY,à ” àà ì à*à D à(Reckless€Homicide)Ð ô”  ÐÌà Œ àAppellant.à < àà ” àà ì à*Ð À` ÐÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð $Ä ÐÌJerry€Hoffer,€Attorneyà ” àà ì àà D àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ ð Ð275€North€Ocoee€Streetà ” àà ì àà D àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ Öv ÐSuite€Cà ä àà < àÐ ¼ \ ÐCleveland,€TN€€37311à ” àà ì àà D àClinton€J.€Morgan€Ð ¢!B Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àCounsel€for€the€State€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àSecond€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìœñ×ñÌñ×ñ›Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àSteve€Ward€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àTenth€Judicial€DistrictÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àP.O.€Box€647Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àAthens,€TN€€37303„0647ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:__________________________ÌÌÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ  f5,1S ÐÓÓà@33-ÚàòòOPINIONóóˆÐ `  Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€Trelver€Bradley,€indicted€for€first€degree€murder,€wasÏfound€guilty€of€reckless€homicide.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€ofÏfour€years.€€The€defendant€was€fined€$5,000.00.€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€trial€courtÏimproperly€instructed€the€jury.€€We€find€no€error€and€affirm€the€judgment.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOn€the€night€of€May€1,€1994,€paramedics€Curtis€Auckerman€and€EricaÏJohnson€were€dispatched€to€the€Lee€Manor€Apartments€due€to€injuries€suffered€byÏKatherina€Davis,€the€four„month„old€victim.€€The€paramedics€found€the€child€in€theÏcustody€of€her€mother,€Becky€Davis.ñÖññÉñœñÉññÖññÉññÖñ׃×ñÖññÖñ׃×ñÖññÉññÉñ׃×ñÉñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñÖñ›ñÖñ€€They€rendered€emergency€treatment€andÐ $Ä Ðtransported€the€child€to€the€Athens€Community€Hospital.€€At€trial,€AuckermanÏtestified€that€the€mother€did€not€blame€or€implicate€anyone€else€for€the€injuriesÏsuffered€by€the€victim.€€Ms.€Johnson€recalled€that€the€victim's€crib€was€dirty€andÏunkempt.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àDr.€Kimberly€Breeden,€a€pediatrician,€treated€the€victim€during€the€earlyÏmorning€hours€of€May€2,€1994.€€She€discovered€internal€injuries,€a€fracture€to€theÏskull,€and€numerous€other€fractures.€€Dr.€Breeden€believed€that€the€victim€had€beenÏbrutally€beaten€and€shaken.€€ÌÐ  /¼%* ÐñÆñ›œ›ñÆñà Œ àà ä àDetective€Bill€Matthews€of€the€Athens€Police€Department€investigatedÏthe€incident.€€While€at€the€hospital,€he€observed€that€the€victim€had€extensiveÏbruising.€€During€his€initial€discussions€with€Ms.€Davis,€she€did€not€mention€theÏdefendant,€obviously€made€no€accusations€against€him,€and€protested€her€ownÏinnocence.€€Detective€Matthews€described€Ms.€Davis€as€being€unemotional€at€theÏtime.€€Ms.€Davis€was€jailed€on€a€charge€of€child€abuse€before€the€death€of€the€victim,Ïwhich€occurred€about€three€months€later€as€a€result€of€her€injuries.€€After€she€wasÏjailed,€she€contacted€Detective€Matthews€and€accused€the€defendant€of€causing€theÏinjuries.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àDr.€Charles€Harlan€testified€that€the€cause€of€death€was€cerebralÏatrophy€caused€by€a€blunt€trauma€to€the€head.€€Dr.€Clifford€Meservy,€a€pediatricÏradiologist,€testified€that€a€CAT€scan€and€x„rays€of€the€victim€showed€a€brainÏabnormality€caused€by€intense€shaking.€€He€also€discovered€multiple€rib€and€boneÏfractures,€both€old€and€new,€which€were€indicative€of€child€abuse.€€òòÐ ˆ"( ÐóóÌà Œ àà ä àDetective€Don€Long€of€the€Athens€Police€Department€testified€thatÏthree€weeks€after€the€victim's€injuries,€he€had€questioned€the€defendant,€who€wasÏsixteen€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€He€recalled€that€the€defendant€deniedÏœeverñØñyñØñ›€having€been€alone€with€the€victim€and€asserted€that€he€had€not€seen€Ms.€DavisÏsince€several€days€before€the€offense.€€About€seven€weeks€later,€the€defendantÏacknowledged€that€œñÙñtñÙñhe›€had€been€untruthful€in€his€initial€statement,€admitting€that€heÏstayed€at€Ms.€Davis's€apartment€often;€however,€he€continued€to€claim€that€he€wasÏnot€there€on€the€date€of€the€offense€at€anytime€before€the€victim€was€injured.€ÏDetective€Long€testified€that€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€went€to€the€DavisÏapartment€when€he€learned€that€the€victim€was€not€breathing;€he€said€he€was€unableÏto€wake€the€victim.€€Other€portions€of€his€statement€provided€as€follows:€€Ð 8¸.4 ÐÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àI€shook€the€baby,€trying€to€wake€her€up,€but€she€wouldn'tÏwake€up.€€I€asked€Becky€what€was€wrong€with€the€baby'sÏneck€...€because€I€saw€some€red€dots€on€her€neck.€€TheyÏlooked€like€mosquito€bites.€€Other€than€that,€I€have€neverÏseen€any€bruises€or€marks€on€the€baby.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€also€admitted€that€Ms.€Davis€had€complained€once€thatÏ"I€was€aggravating€the€baby€...€[and]€used€to€get€on€me€a€lot€about€playing€roughÏwith€the€baby."€€The€defendant€told€Detective€Long€that€he€had€left€the€Davis€Ìapartment€by€the€time€the€ambulance€arrived.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àMichael€Cates,€who€was€sitting€in€his€car€in€the€Lee€Manor€ApartmentsÏparking€lot€on€the€night€the€victim€was€injured,€observed€the€defendant€coming€inÏand€out€of€Ms.€Davis's€apartment€around€midnight.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€leftÏ"for€a€few€minutes€or€so"€before€Ms.€Davis€came€to€his€car€and€"real€scared,Ïhysterical€ñÆñœñÆñlike"ñÆñ›ñÆñ€informed€him€that€her€baby€ñÆñœñÆñwas€notñÆñ›ñÆñ€"breathing€or€moving."€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àSharon€Bradley,€who€was€with€Cates€at€the€time,€testified€that€theÏdefendant,€who€is€her€cousin,€was€seeing€Ms.€Davis€in€March,€April,€and€May€ofÏ1994.€€Ms.€Bradley€did€not€recall€seeing€the€defendant€that€night€but€was€presentÏwhen€Ms.€Davis€came€to€their€car,€beat€on€the€window,€and€said,€"Sharon,€help€me,Ïhelp€me,€my€baby€won't€wake€up."€€Ms.€Bradley€stated€that€she€had€not€seen€theÏdefendant€on€the€day€of€the€crime€until€approximately€1:00€A.M.,€after€theÏambulance€had€left€with€the€victim.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àñÆñœñÆñJowannañÆñ›ñÆñ€Gresham€was€staying€with€Sherann€McDermott€at€the€LeeÏManor€Apartments€on€the€night€of€the€victim's€injuries.€€Ms.€Gresham€acknowledgedÏtelling€police€earlier€that€the€defendant€had€come€to€the€McDermott€apartment€andÏinformed€her€that€"the€baby€wasn't€breathing,"€and€asked€her€€to€go€to€the€DavisÐ 8¸.4 Ðapartment.€€Ms.€Gresham€recalled€telling€police€that€the€defendant€had€stated€thatÏhe€would€not€go€back€to€the€apartment€because€"the€police€were€getting€ready€toÏcome."€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àRussell€Brown,€an€inmate€in€the€Bradley€County€Jail€at€the€time€of€theÏtrial,€was€called€as€a€witness€for€the€state.€€While€claiming€that€he€was€intoxicated€onÏthe€night€that€he€gave€the€police€a€statement€about€this€incident,€he€recalled€tellingÏDetective€Matthews€that€the€defendant€had€once€picked€the€baby€up€by€its€clothesÏand€dropped€her€about€two€feet€into€her€crib,€causing€the€baby€to€cry.€€He€stated€thatÏthe€defendant€did€not€seem€concerned€after€the€incident.€€Sabrina€Kimson,€whoseÏsister€is€the€mother€of€a€child€fathered€by€the€defendant,€testified€that€she€had€onceÏseen€the€defendant€flip€the€victim€"on€the€top€of€the€head"€because€the€victim€wasÏcrying.€€Ms.€Kimson€recalled€that€when€she€cautioned€the€defendant,€he€answered,Ï"I€don't€care,€it's€not€my€baby."€€She€also€remembered€the€defendant€once€sayingÏthat€the€baby€"got€on€his€nerves."€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àGary€Jackson,€a€student€at€the€American€Trucking€Center€in€Nashville,Ïwas€aware€of€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€Ms.€Davis.€€He€recalledÏthat€after€the€victim€had€suffered€her€injuries,€the€defendant€had€first€informed€him€Ïthat€"the€baby€fell€between€the€bed,"€and€later€said€"that€he€didn't€drop€the€baby...Ï[and]€that€[the€baby]€had€...€fallen."€€Jackson€also€recalled€the€defendant€saying€thatÏMs.€Davis€would€not€"tell€on€him"€and€that€if€she€did,€he€would€"kill€that€bitch."€ÏJackson€testified€that€the€defendant€admitted€being€there€at€the€time€the€victim€wasÏinjured€but€denied€being€responsible€for€her€death.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àñÆñœñÆñMarñÆñ›œñÆñtinñÆñ›ñÆñ€Pierce,€who€visited€the€Lee€Manor€Apartments€often,€recalled€aÏconversation€he€had€with€the€defendant€€several€days€after€the€victim€was€injured.€Ð 8¸.4 ÐPierce€stated€that€the€defendant€said,€"Yes,€I€did€it,€but€I'm€not€going€to€take€the€fallÏfor€it.€€She€is.€€If€she€says€anything,€I'll€kill€the€bitch."€€Pierce€testified€that€theÏdefendant€left€Athens€for€a€month€or€so€after€he€had€been€questioned€by€police.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àDetective€Matthews,€who€also€testified€as€a€part€of€the€defense€proof,Ïrevealed€that€Ms.€Davis€had€four€other€children,€each€with€a€different€father,€all€ofÏwhom€were€in€the€custody€of€others.€€One€of€the€children,€Detective€MatthewsÏdetermined,€also€had€suffered€a€skull€fracture,€which€was€later€ruled€as€accidental€byÏthe€Atlanta€Police.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àMelinda€Kimson,€testifying€for€the€defense,€stated€that€she€and€theÏdefendant€had€a€one„year„old€child€ñÆñœñÆñtogether€butñÆñ›ñÆñ€no€longer€maintained€a€relationship.€ÏShe€recalled€that€Pierce,€who€was€related€to€the€defendant€by€marriage,€hadÏpursued€her€"since€high€school"€and€still€"harassed"€her.€€She€claimed€that€PierceÏhad€threatened€to€"find€a€way€to€get€back€ñÆñœñÆñat"ñÆñ›ñÆñ€ñÆñœñÆñtheñÆñ›ñÆñ€ñÆñœñÆñdefendant.ñÆñ›ñÆñ€€ñÆñœñÆñSheñÆñ›ñÆñ€described€PierceÏas€jealous€of€the€defendant.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àñÆñœñÆñVickyñÆñ›ñÆñ€Gresham€also€testified€for€the€defense.€€She€claimed€that€sheÏhad€overheard€a€conversation€between€Jackson€and€the€defendant€wherein€theÏdefendant€said,€"Why€does€everybody€keep€tripping€like€ñÆñœñÆñthis?€...€ñÆñ›œñÆñIñÆñ›ñÆñ€didn't€kill€thatÏbaby.€€I€didn't€kill€that€baby."€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àSherann€McDermott€testified€that€the€defendant€came€to€her€door€onÏthe€night€of€the€victim's€injuries€and€informed€her€that€"something€was€wrong€withÏBecky's€baby."€€She€described€the€defendant€as€nervous,€"just€like€the€rest€of€us."€ÏMs.€McDermott€conceded€that€the€defendant€must€have€been€there€when€the€babyÏquit€breathing€and€would€have€been€lying€to€ñÖñœñÖññÔñ€ñÔñpoliceñÖñ›ñÖñ€if€he€said€otherwise.Ð 8¸.4 Їà Œ àà ä àDuring€deliberations,€the€jury€asked€the€trial€judge€whether€or€not€twoÏpeople€could€be€responsible€for€the€death€of€the€minor€child.€€Over€objection€by€theÏdefense,€the€trial€judge€then€instructed€the€jury€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àAnd€my€instruction€...€is€that€each€person€that's€tried€forÏan€offense€must€be€judged€upon€the€evidence€pertainingÏto€that€...€person€and€not€to€somebody€else.€€But€two€orÏmore€people€may€be€responsible,€depending€upon€theÏcircumstances,€for€the€commission€of€the€same€crime.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓÓWhen€the€foreperson€of€the€jury€also€asked€for€clarification€on€the€actual€cause€ofÏdeath,€the€trial€court€referred€the€jury€to€the€written€instructions.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€ñÆñœñÆñfirst€complainsñÆñ›ñÆñ€ñÆñœñÆñthe€additional€instructions€should€haveÏbeen€in€writing.€€He€also€complains€that€theñÆñ›ñÆñ€trial€judge's€comments€were€highlyÏprejudicial€because€they€allowed€for€a€finding€of€reckless€homicide.€€The€defendantÏasserts€that€the€following€instruction€should€have€been€given:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àThe€defendant€is€criminally€responsible€for€an€offenseÏcommitted€by€another€if€the€defendant€solicits,€directs,Ïaids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€anÏoffense,€and€the€defendant€acts€with€intent€to€promote€orÏassist€the€commission€of€an€offense€or€benefit€in€theÏproceeds€of€the€results€of€the€offense.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌTennessee€Pattern€Instructions€Criminal€(3d€ed.)€3.01.€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà Œ àà ä àRule€30(a)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€generallyÏrequires€all€instructions€to€be€in€writing.€€Oral€instructions€not€in€conflict€with€anÏaccurate€written€charge€ñÆñœñÆñareñÆñ›ñÆñ€not€necessarily€erroneous.€€òòState€v.€Gormanóó,€628Ð 6.Ö$) ÐS.W.2d€739€ñÆñœñÆñ(Tenn.€1982).€€Where€a€trial€judge's€response€to€the€jury's€questionÏdoes€"not€differ€from€or€alter€the€charge€that€had€previously€been€given€in€writing,"Ïthe€response€is€not€required€to€be€in€writing.€€òòState€v.€Barnardóó,€899€S.W.2d€617,€623Ð š3:*/ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€ñÇñAñÇññÈñañÈñpp.€1994).€€Our€review€is€limited€because€the€written€instructions€areÏnot€included€in€the€record.€€ñÆñ›ñÆñ€€ñÆñœñÆñÌÐ þ8ž/5 Ðà Œ àà ä àTheñÆñ›ñÆñ€defendant€also€complains€about€the€content€of€the€instructionÏprovided,€as€opposed€to€its€ñÆñœñÆñformñÆñ›œñÆñ.€€Without€knowing€what€instructions€were€given,€weÏcannot€review€the€case.€€Moreover,€ñÄññÂñtñÂññÄññÃñ›€tñÃññÄñhe›€instructions›€to›€the›€jury›€were›€not›€made›€a›€part›€of›€the›€record›€on›€appeal.›€ñÄññÆñ›œñÆññÄñ€Moreover,›€ñÄñtheñÆñ›ñÆñ€transcript€of€the€hearing€on€the€motion€forÏnew€trial€has€not€been€made€a€part€of€the€record.€€It€is,€of€course,€the€duty€of€theÏappellant€to€establish€a€sufficient€record€for€adequate€review.€€ñÆñœñÆññÅñTenn.€R.€App.€P.€24.€ÏñÅñAbsentñÆñ›ñÆñ€that,€the€appellant€is€not€entitled€to€relief.€€Our€presumption€must€be€that€theÏcharge€was€in€compliance€with€the€Tennessee€Pattern€Instructions.€€Had€the€juryÏbeen€accurately€charged,€the€answer€given€by€the€trial€judge€would€not,€in€our€view,ÏñÖñœñÖñprejudiceñÕñdñÕññÖñ›ñÖñ€the€rights€of€the€defendant€in€any€manner.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.€ÌÌÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à________________________________Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àGary€R.€Wade,€Presiding€Judge€ÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€Judge€