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ŠÓ  ÓĢņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óŠ n¾ ŠĢÓ  ÓņņJohn€Everett€Williams,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņJoseph€M.€Ō_ŌTiptonŌ_Ōóó€andŠ žN ŠņņJames€Ō_ŌCurwoodŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌWittŌ_Ō,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Š Ę ŠĢMichael€R.€Ō_ŌGiaimoŌ_Ō,€Ō_ŌLivingstonŌ_Ō,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Jerry€Breeding.Š V¦ ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Mark€A.€Ō_ŌFulksŌ_Ō,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Š ę6  ŠWilliam€Edward€Gibson,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Owen€G.€Burnett,€Assistant€DistrictŠ ®ž! ŠAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Š vĘ" ŠĢÓ  ÓĢņ ņOPINIONó óŠ Ī % ŠÓÓÓ  ÓĢŃ€ ŃÓÓą  ąThe€defendant,€Jerry€Breeding,€was€indicted€for€theft€of€property€with€a€value€of€over€tenŠ &#v( Šthousand€dollars,€unlawful€possession€of€a€handgun,€and€two€counts€of€aggravated€robbery.€€The€trialŠ ī#>) Šon€the€unlawful€possession€of€a€handgun€charge€was€severed€by€an€agreed€order.€€After€a€trial€on€theŠ ¶$ * Šremaining€charges,€a€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€aggravated€robbery€and€assessed€a€fine€ofŠ ~%Ī + Šeighteen€thousand€dollars.€€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€fine€of€eighteen€thousand€dollars€and€orderedŠ F&–!, Šthe€defendant€to€serve€thirty€(30)€years€in€prison€as€a€career€offender.€€The€defendant€filed€a€timelyŠ '^"- Šmotion€for€a€new€trial,€which€was€denied€by€the€trial€court.€€A€timely€notice€of€appeal€followed.€€TheŠ Ö'&#. Šfollowing€four€issues€are€raised€in€this€appeal:€(1)€whether€there€was€sufficient€evidence€to€supportŠ ž(ī#/ Šthe€conviction€for€aggravated€robbery,€(2)€whether€the€defendant€received€effective€assistance€ofŠ f)¶$0 Šcounsel,€(3)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€state€to€question€a€witness€about€theŠ .*~%1 Šdefendantššs€uncharged€criminal€conduct,€and€(4)€whether€the€trial€court€failed€to€perform€its€functionŠ ö*F&2 Šas€thirteenth€juror.€€Š ¾+'3 ŠĢĢŠ .f)6 ŠŃ Ńā  āÖ€ ’’Öā  āŃ  ŃŌ_ŌÓ  Óņ ņņņFACTSó óóóŠ ° ŠÓ  Óą  ąĢą  ąDiane€Sidwell€and€Vickie€Harvey,€tellers€at€the€Union€Bank€and€Trust€in€Rickman,Š @ ŠTennessee,€testified€at€the€defendantššs€trial€about€a€bank€robbery€that€occurred€in€March€of€1996.€Š X ŠMs.€Sidwell€was€working€behind€the€teller€counter€when€two€men€walked€into€the€bank€wearingŠ Š  Šstockings€over€their€faces.€€One€of€the€men€had€a€gun€and€ordered€Ms.€Sidwell€and€Ms.€Harvey€toŠ ˜č Šš šget€[their]€hands€up!šš€€Ms.€Sidwell€immediately€hit€the€silent€alarm€button€located€in€her€tellerŠ ` ° Šwindow.€€While€the€two€tellers€stood€with€their€hands€in€the€air,€the€gunman€went€behind€the€counterŠ ( x Šand€emptied€each€tellerššs€cash€drawer€into€a€cloth€bag.€€Then€the€two€men€left€the€bank.€€Ms.€SidwellŠ š @ Šsounded€the€alarm€a€second€time€and€went€to€lock€the€bankššs€door.€€€As€she€was€locking€the€door,Š ø   Šshe€heard€gravel€spin€and€saw€a€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar€leaving€the€bank€parking€lot.€€€Ms.Š € Š  ŠSidwell€watched€the€car€until€it€was€out€of€sight€and€then€called€the€Sheriffššs€Department€to€reportŠ H ˜  Šthe€robbery.€€Ms.€Sidwell€could€not€identify€either€of€the€men€because€of€the€stockings€but€believedŠ `  Šboth€men€were€Caucasian.€€She€also€noticed€that€they€were€both€wearing€gloves.€Ms.€Sidwell€wasŠ Ų(  Šnot€able€to€š šidentifyšš€the€license€plate€number€of€the€car€she€saw€leaving€the€bank€after€the€robbery.€Š  š  ŠAt€the€request€of€police,€she€viewed€a€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar€a€few€hours€after€the€robbery.€Š hø  ŠAlthough€Ms.€Sidwell€was€unable€to€positively€identify€it€as€the€car€she€saw€earlier,€she€testified€thatŠ 0€  Šit€looked€š šexactly€€likešš€the€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar€she€saw€after€the€robbery.Š ųH  Šą  ąĢą  ąMs.€Harveyššs€testimony€was€substantially€similar€to€Ms.€Sidwellššs.€€Ms.€Harvey€indicatedŠ ˆŲ Šthat€she€followed€Ms.€Sidwell€to€lock€the€door€to€the€bank€and€also€saw€a€light€blue€Mercury€CougarŠ P  Šleaving€the€bank€parking€lot.€€Ms.€Harvey€observed€that€the€driver€of€the€car€was€wearing€a€stockingŠ h Šover€his€face€but€was€not€able€to€š šidentifyšš€the€carššs€license€plate€number.€€Later€that€afternoon,€Ms.Š ą0 ŠHarvey€was€asked€to€independently€view€the€same€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar€as€Ms.€Sidwell.€€LikeŠ Øų ŠMs.€Sidwell,€she€indicated€that€it€looked€š šexactly€likešš€the€one€she€saw€leaving€the€bank€after€theŠ pĄ Šrobbery.€€Both€tellers€also€testified€that€five€hundred€dollars€in€bait€money€was€taken€from€each€ofŠ 8ˆ Štheir€teller€drawers.€€The€bait€money€was€exclusively€in€ten„dollar€bills.€Š P ŠĢą  ąRandy€Dodson,€an€assistant€security€officer€for€the€Union€Bank€and€Trust€in€Rickman,Š ą ŠTennessee,€was€called€pursuant€to€bank€policy€after€the€robbery€occurred.€€Mr.€Dodson€prepared€aŠ XØ Šreport€indicating€that€a€total€of€$17,594.00€had€been€stolen€from€the€bank.€€This€amount€included€oneŠ  p Šthousand€dollars€in€bait€money.€€As€a€matter€of€course,€bait€money€is€bundled€together€and€placedŠ č8 Šin€each€tellerššs€drawer€with€the€rest€of€the€money.€€The€serial€number€of€each€bait€bill€is€recorded€onŠ °  Ša€form,€which€also€identifies€the€teller€drawer€where€the€bait€money€is€located.€€The€bait€money€isŠ xČ! Šnot€otherwise€identifiable€to€someone€other€than€the€teller.€€Both€Ms.€Sidwell€and€Ms.€Harvey€hadŠ @" Šfive€hundred€dollars€in€bait€money€in€their€teller€drawer€on€the€day€of€the€robbery.€€Mr.€DodsonŠ  X# Šidentified€the€two€bait€money€forms€that€listed€the€serial€number€for€each€of€the€bills€that€were€takenŠ Š $ Šfrom€Ms.€Sidwellššs€and€Ms.€Harveyššs€drawer.€Š ˜!č% ŠĢą  ąMr.€Dodsonššs€wife,€also€a€bank€employee,€verified€that€she€personally€prepared€the€baitŠ (#x' Šmoney€taken€from€Ms.€Harveyššs€drawer.€€Ms.€Dodson€testified€that€the€serial€numbers€listed€on€theŠ š#@( Šform€were€in€her€handwriting.€€During€her€testimony,€Ms.€Dodson€was€handed€a€ten„dollar€bill€andŠ ø$ ) Šasked€to€determine€whether€it€matched€the€serial€number€for€any€of€the€bills€that€she€had€preparedŠ €%Š * Šas€bait€money€for€Ms.€Harveyššs€drawer.€€Ms.€Dodson€testified€that€the€ten„dollar€bill€was€one€of€theŠ H&˜!+ Šbait€bills€taken€from€Ms.€Harveyššs€teller€drawer.Š '`", ŠĢą  ąTerry€McBride€and€Gene€Johnson,€employees€at€Gene€Johnsonššs€Tires,€testified€about€theŠ  (š#. Šten„dollar€bill€identified€by€Ms.€Dodson.€€Mr.€McBride€testified€that€the€defendant€used€the€ten„dollarŠ h)ø$/ Šbill€to€pay€on€his€account€a€week€after€the€robbery.€€Mr.€Mc€Bride€had€been€alerted€by€the€FBI€thatŠ 0*€%0 Šthe€defendant€was€suspected€of€committing€the€robbery€and€had€been€asked€to€watch€for€ten„dollarŠ ° Šbills.€€At€approximately€eight€oššclock€a.m.,€one€week€after€the€robbery,€the€defendant€paid€thirtyŠ xČ Šdollars€on€his€account€with€four€five„dollar€bills€and€one€ten„dollar€bill.€€Mr.€McBride€took€the€ten„Š @ Šdollar€bill€out€of€the€register€after€the€defendant€left€and€gave€it€to€his€boss,€Gene€Johnson.€€Later€thatŠ X Šday,€he€saw€someone€from€the€sheriffššs€office€come€to€the€station€and€examine€the€bill.€€€At€ten„fortyŠ Š  Šp.m.,€an€FBI€agent€came€to€the€station€to€retrieve€the€bill.€€At€that€time,€Mr.€McBride€was€asked€toŠ ˜č Šinitial€the€bill€in€order€to€identify€it€as€the€one€he€had€taken€from€the€defendant€earlier€that€day.€€Š ` ° ŠĢą  ąMr.€Johnson,€the€owner€of€the€station,€verified€that€the€FBI€had€requested€that€Mr.€JohnsonŠ š @ Šand€his€employees€hold€any€ten„dollar€bills€passed€by€the€defendant.€€A€week€later,€Mr.€McBrideŠ ø   Šbrought€him€a€ten„dollar€bill,€which€the€defendant€had€used€to€pay€on€his€account.€€Mr.€JohnsonŠ € Š  Šimmediately€called€the€sheriffššs€department€to€report€what€had€happened€and€to€give€them€the€serialŠ H ˜  Šnumber€from€the€bill.€€Later,€someone€from€the€sheriffššs€department€asked€Mr.€Johnson€to€hold€theŠ `  Šbill.€€Mr.€Johnson€put€the€bill€in€an€envelope€and€placed€the€envelope€in€his€safe.€€He€eventuallyŠ Ų(  Šturned€the€bill€over€to€an€FBI€agent,€who€came€to€the€service€station€to€pick€it€up€later€that€evening.€Š  š  ŠĢą  ąDebbie€Moody€was€the€defendantššs€girlfriend€at€the€time€of€the€robbery.€€Her€sister,€TammyŠ 0€  ŠArney,€testified€at€the€defendantššs€trial.€€Ms.€Arney€testified€that€at€the€time€of€the€robbery,€her€sisterŠ ųH  Šowned€a€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar,€which€was€the€one€identified€by€both€bank€tellers.€€She€furtherŠ Ą Štestified€that€she€saw€the€defendant€driving€her€sisterššs€car€near€the€bank€on€the€day€of€the€robbery.€Š ˆŲ ŠShe€also€noticed€that€there€was€a€male€passenger€in€the€car€with€the€defendant.€€Š P  ŠĢą  ąMichael€Moody,€Debbie€Moodyššs€brother,€also€testified€that€he€saw€a€light€blue€MercuryŠ ą0 ŠCougar€on€the€day€of€the€robbery.€€Mr.€Moody€was€working€on€his€car€in€his€driveway€when€he€sawŠ Øų Štwo€men€in€a€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar€drive€past€his€house.€€Five€or€ten€minutes€later,€he€saw€theŠ pĄ ŠCougar€return€heading€in€the€other€direction.€€Both€times€the€Cougar€was€following€a€tan€four„doorŠ 8ˆ Šcar.€€A€few€weeks€later,€he€saw€the€defendant€riding€in€the€Cougar€with€his€sister,€Debbie€Moody.€Š P ŠThe€defendant€asked€Mr.€Moody€to€come€to€his€side€of€the€car€where€the€defendant€showed€him€aŠ Č Šš šlittle€blue€bagšš€full€of€money.€€Mr.€Moody€also€observed€that€the€defendant€bought€a€new€set€ofŠ ą Šchrome€wheels,€a€new€mig€welder,€a€new€air€compressor,€and€had€his€car€painted€after€the€robbery.Š XØ ŠĢą  ąAt€the€time€of€the€robbery,€Bonnie€Moody,€Michael€and€Debbie€Moodyššs€mother,€lived€onŠ č8 Šthe€same€road€as€Michael€Moody.€€She€testified€that€on€the€day€of€the€robbery€she€also€saw€what€sheŠ °  Šbelieved€to€be€her€daughterššs€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar€following€a€light€tan€car€past€her€house.€Š xČ! ŠThe€road€was€a€dead€end€with€a€wooded€area€at€the€end.€€Ms.€Moody€saw€the€two€cars€turn€onto€aŠ @" Šdirt€logging€road€and€then€return€past€Ms.€Moodyššs€home€about€ten€minutes€later.€€Ms.€Moody€couldŠ  X# Šnot,€however,€identify€the€occupants€of€either€car.€€€Š Š $ ŠĢą  ąDuring€the€testimony€of€Tammy€Arney,€Bonnie€Moody,€and€Michael€Moody,€questions€wereŠ `"°& Šraised€about€an€unrelated€criminal€charge€against€the€defendant,€which€had€been€dismissed.€€TheŠ (#x' Šspecific€facts€of€the€charge€were€not€discussed.€€However,€the€charge€apparently€involved€bothŠ š#@( ŠMichael€Moody€and€the€defendant.€€Both€Ms.€Moody€and€Ms.€Arney€admitted€to€disliking€theŠ ø$ ) Šdefendant€because€of€the€unrelated€incident€involving€one€of€their€family€members.Š €%Š * ŠĢą  ąVincent€Bryant,€a€childhood€acquaintance€of€the€defendant,€testified€that€he€was€at€a€gasŠ '`", Šstation€in€Rickman€on€the€day€of€the€robbery.€€Mr.€Bryant€recalled€that€there€was€a€ski€boat€with€girlsŠ Ų'(#- Šin€bikini€swimwear€at€the€gas€station.€€While€watching€the€girls,€Mr.€Bryant€noticed€that€theŠ  (š#. Šdefendant€and€the€defendantššs€brother€were€also€at€the€gas€station.€€He€observed€that€they€were€in€aŠ h)ø$/ ŠMercury€Cougar€that€looked€to€be€a€grayish€or€silverish€color.€€Mr.€Bryant€could€only€see€the€rearŠ 0*€%0 Šof€the€Cougar€because€the€ski€boat€was€parked€in€between€Mr.€Bryant€and€the€Cougar.€€Š ° Š€Ģą  ąA€friend€of€the€defendant,€Lonnie€Greenwood,€testified€that€he€was€riding€in€the€car€with€theŠ @ Šdefendant€and€Debbie€Moody€a€few€years€after€the€robbery.€€€According€to€Mr.€Greenwood,€theŠ X Šdefendant€told€him€that€the€Union€Bank€and€Trust€in€Rickman€was€a€€š špushoveršš€as€they€drove€pastŠ Š  Šthe€bank.€€Mr.€Greenwoodššs€testimony€was€part€of€a€plea€bargain€agreement€on€a€charge€that€wasŠ ˜č Špending€against€him€when€he€gave€police€a€statement€inculpating€the€defendant€in€the€instantŠ ` ° Šcharges.Š ( x ŠĢą  ąMichael€Hollerman,€an€inmate€who€was€incarcerated€with€the€defendant€prior€to€his€trial€forŠ ø   Šthe€instant€charges,€testified€about€statements€the€defendant€made€to€him€concerning€the€robbery.€Š € Š  ŠAccording€to€Mr.€Hollerman,€the€defendant€admitted€to€him€that€he€had€robbed€the€Union€Bank€andŠ H ˜  ŠTrust€in€Rickman.€€The€defendant€also€indicated€that€his€girlfriendššs€mother€had€seen€him€after€theŠ `  Šrobbery€driving€a€car€that€fit€the€description€of€the€car€used€in€the€robbery.€€Mr.€Hollerman€reportedŠ Ų(  Šhis€conversations€with€the€defendant€to€authorities€because€he€was€concerned€that€the€defendant€wasŠ  š  Šgoing€to€harm€his€girlfriendššs€mother.€€Š hø  ŠĢą  ąTwo€witnesses€testified€for€the€defendant.€€Paschal€Denson€testified€that€he€lived€on€the€sameŠ ųH  Šroad€as€Bonnie€and€Michael€Moody.€€On€the€day€of€the€robbery,€Mr.€Denson€was€home€during€theŠ Ą Štime€that€Bonnie€and€Michael€Moody€testified€that€they€saw€a€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar€drive€pastŠ ˆŲ Štheir€homes€and€return€a€few€minutes€later.€€According€to€Mr.€Denson,€he€was€waiting€for€the€mailŠ P  Što€arrive€and€was€watching€outside.€€Mr.€Denson€did€not€see€a€blue€Mercury€Cougar€drive€past€hisŠ h Šhome.€€Additionally,€Bobby€Roberts€testified€that€he€saw€the€defendant€immediately€after€the€robberyŠ ą0 Šat€the€defendantššs€home,€which€was€in€Gainesboro,€Tennessee.€Mr.€Roberts€was€at€a€hardware€storeŠ Øų Šnear€the€Union€Bank€and€Trust€in€Rickman€when€he€heard€on€a€police€scanner€that€the€bank€had€beenŠ pĄ Šrobbed.€€He€immediately€drove€to€the€defendantššs€home€and€observed€the€defendant€standing€in€š šhisŠ 8ˆ Šgarage€smoking€a€cigarette.šš€Š P ŠĢą  ą¹Ó  Óņ ņņņANALYSISó óóóŠ XØ ŠÓ  Óą  ąĢÓ  Óą  ąThe€defendant€raises€four€issues€in€this€appeal:€(1)€whether€there€is€sufficient€evidence€toŠ č8 Šsupport€the€defendantššs€conviction,€(2)€whether€he€received€effective€assistance€of€counsel,€(3)Š °  Šwhether€the€trial€court€properly€allowed€testimony€concerning€an€uncharged€crime€allegedlyŠ xČ! Šcommitted€by€the€defendant,€and€€(4)€whether€the€trial€court€fulfilled€its€role€as€a€thirteenth€juror.Š @" Šņ ņņņÓ  ÓĢĢóóI.€€ņņSufficiency€of€Evidenceó óóóŠ ˜!č% Š€ĢÓ  Óą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€juryššs€finding€that€heŠ (#x' Šcommitted€aggravated€robbery.€€The€defendant€concedes€that€there€was€sufficient€evidence€toŠ š#@( Šestablish€that€a€robbery€was€committed€but€argues€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€identify€himŠ ø$ ) Šas€the€person€who€committed€the€robbery.Š €%Š * ŠĢą  ąŌ‡ XžųXXXžųŌThe€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€to€this€Court€that€the€evidence€is€insufficientŠ '`", Šbecause€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€a€presumptionŠ Ų'(#- Šof€guiltŌ#†XžųXX Xžų%I#ŌŌ‡ XžųXXXžųŌ.Ō#†XžųXX XžųXJ#ŌŌ‡ XžųXXXžųŌ€€Ō#†XžųXX Xžų›J#ŌŌ‡ XžųXXXžųŌņņState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€€Ō#†XžųXX XžųßJ#ŌŌ‡ XžųXXXžųŌWhen€an€accused€challenges€theŠ  (š#. Šsufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€the€standard€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€theŠ h)ø$/ Šlight€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialŠ 0*€%0 Šelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€€ņņJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443Š ° ŠU.S.€307,€322-25,€99€S.€Ct.€2781€(1979),Ō#†XžųXX Xžų\K#ŌŌ‡ XžųXXXžųŌ€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560.€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€theŠ xČ Šstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€therefrom.€ņņState€v.€Cabbageóó,Š @ Š571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Ō#†XžųXX XžųgM#ŌŌ‡ XžųXXXžųŌ€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theŠ X Šweight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€areŠ Š  Šresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€ņņState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Š ˜č Š1987).Ō#†XžųXX Xžų›N#Ō€Ō‡ XžųXXXžųŌThis€Court€may€not€substitute€its€own€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€fromŠ ` ° Šcircumstantial€evidence.€ņņState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).Ō#†XžųXX Xžų-P#ԀР( x ŠĢą  ąThe€determination€of€identity€is€a€question€of€fact€for€the€jury€to€determine,€afterŠ ø   Šconsideration€of€all€the€evidence.€€ņņState€v.€Stricklandóó,€885€S.W.2d€85,€87€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€Š € Š  ŠFurthermore,€the€identity€of€an€accused€may€be€established€by€either€direct€evidence,€circumstantialŠ H ˜  Ševidence,€or€a€combination€of€the€two.€€ņņState€v.€Thompson,óó€519€S.W.2d€789,€793€(Tenn.€1975).€€InŠ `  Šthe€instant€case,€there€was€no€direct€evidence€to€establish€the€identity€of€the€perpetrator.€€However,Š Ų(  Ša€conviction€may€be€based€entirely€on€circumstantial€evidence€when€the€facts€are€š šššso€clearlyŠ  š  Šinterwoven€and€connected€that€the€finger€of€guilt€is€pointed€unerringly€at€the€defendant€and€theŠ hø  Šdefendant€alone.šššš€€ņņState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985)€(quoting€ņņState€v.€Crawfordóó,Š 0€  Š470€S.W.2d€610,€613€(1971)).€€There€must€be€an€evidentiary€basis€upon€which€the€jury€can€š šexcludeŠ ųH  Ševery€other€reasonable€theory€or€hypothesis€except€that€of€guilt.šš€ņņPruitt€v.€Stateóó,€460€S.W.2d€385,Š Ą Š390€(1970).€€It€is€important€to€keep€in€mind,€however,€that€š šthe€standard€for€appellate€review€is€theŠ ˆŲ Šsame€whether€the€conviction€is€based€upon€direct€or€circumstantial€evidence.ššņņóó€€ņņState€v.€Vannóó,€976Š P  ŠS.W.2d€93,€111„12€(Tenn.€1998)€(appendix).Š h ŠĢą  ąAlthough€circumstantial€in€nature,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€taken€as€a€whole€isŠ Øų Šsufficient€to€support€the€defendantššs€conviction€for€aggravated€robbery.€€Viewed€in€the€light€mostŠ pĄ Šfavorable€to€the€state,€the€evidence€in€the€instant€case€established€the€following€facts.€€Two,€masked,Š 8ˆ ŠCaucasian€men€robbed€the€Union€Bank€and€Trust€in€Rickman€at€gun€point.€€One€of€the€men€fled€inŠ P Ša€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar.€€The€defendantššs€girlfriend€owned€a€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar,Š Č Šidentified€by€both€bank€tellers€as€looking€š šexactly€likešš€the€car€they€saw€fleeing€the€bank€after€theŠ ą Šrobbery.€Two€witnesses,€Tammy€Arney€and€Vincent€Bryant,€observed€the€defendant€driving€hisŠ XØ Šgirlfriendššs€light€blue€Mercury€Cougar€on€the€day€of€the€robbery.€€€A€week€after€the€robbery,€theŠ  p Šdefendant€passed€a€ten„dollar€bill€at€a€service€station,€which€was€later€identified€as€part€of€the€fiveŠ č8 Šhundred€dollars€in€bait€money€that€was€stolen€from€the€bank.€€A€few€weeks€after€the€robbery,Š °  ŠMichael€Moody€saw€the€defendant€with€š ša€little€blue€bagšš€that€was€full€of€money.€€€While€drivingŠ xČ! Špast€the€bank€sometime€after€the€robbery,€the€defendant€told€Lonnie€Greenwood€that€the€bank€wasŠ @" Ša€š špushover.šš€€Finally,€the€defendant€told€Michael€Hollerman€that€he€had€robbed€a€bank€and€wasŠ  X# Šafraid€that€the€authorities€were€š šon€to€him.šš€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Š Š $ ŠĢĢÓ  Óņ ņII.€€ņņIneffective€Assistance€of€Counseló óóó€Š (#x' ŠÓ  Óą  ąĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€at€his€trial.€€WeŠ ŗ$ ) Šbegin€by€noting€that€the€defendantššs€trial€counsel€filed€a€motion€to€withdraw€after€the€motion€for€aŠ ‚%Ņ * Šnew€trial€had€been€filed€but€before€the€trial€court€heard€the€motion.€€The€trial€court€granted€theŠ J&š!+ Šmotion€to€withdraw€and€appointed€new€counsel€to€represent€the€defendant€in€the€hearing€on€hisŠ 'b", Šmotion€for€a€new€trial€and€on€appeal.€€At€the€defendantššs€request,€new€counsel€amended€the€motionŠ Ś'*#- Šfor€a€new€trial€to€include€a€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€As€this€Court€has€previouslyŠ ¢(ņ#. Šcautioned€and€the€trial€court€reiterated€to€this€defendant,€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claims€areŠ j)ŗ$/ Šbest€pursued€in€a€post„conviction€petition€rather€than€on€direct€appeal.€€Indeed,€once€the€merits€ofŠ 2*‚%0 Šthe€issue€are€addressed€by€this€Court€on€direct€appeal,€the€defendant€may€not€revisit€the€issue€in€aŠ ° Špost„conviction€petition.€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€607€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€TheŠ xČ Šdefendant€expressly€acknowledges€the€admonitions€of€the€trial€court€and€this€Court€but€proceeds€withŠ @ Šhis€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claim€in€this€direct€appeal.Š X ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€argues€that€his€trial€counsel€was€ineffective€because€(1)€she€failed€toŠ ˜č Šinvestigate€the€mental€illness€of€Lonnie€Greenwood,€a€state€witness,€and€to€impeach€Mr.€GreenwoodŠ ` ° Šon€cross€examination€with€information€about€such€mental€illness,€(2)€she€failed€to€call€DebbieŠ ( x ŠMoody,€the€defendantššs€former€girlfriend,€to€testify,€(3)€she€failed€to€subpoena€or€call€as€witnessesŠ š @ Švarious€persons€requested€by€the€defendant,€(4)€she€failed€to€subpoena€business€records€from€theŠ ø   Šservice€station€where€the€defendant€allegedly€passed€bait€money,€and€€(5)€she€refused€the€defendantššsŠ € Š  Šrequest€to€testify€on€his€own€behalf.€Encompassed€in€the€defendantššs€argument€concerning€hisŠ H ˜  Šineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claim€is€a€claim€that€the€defendant€was€denied€his€fundamental€rightŠ `  Što€testify.€€Because€the€analysis€for€such€a€claim€differs€from€an€ineffective€assistance€of€counselŠ Ų(  Šclaim,€we€will€address€that€issue€separately.Š  š  Šą  ąĢą  ąA€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€raised€on€direct€appeal€is€a€mixed€question€of€lawŠ 0€  Šand€fact.€€ņņState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€ofŠ ųH  Šthe€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€testimony,€and€the€factual€issues€raised€by€theŠ Ą Ševidence€are€to€be€resolved€by€the€trial€judge.€€ņņHenley€v.€Stateóó,€960€S.W.2d€572,€579€(Tenn.€1997).€Š ˆŲ ŠOn€appeal,€we€are€bound€by€the€trial€court's€findings€of€fact€unless€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€inŠ P  Šthe€record€preponderates€against€those€findings.€€ņņBlack€v.€Stateóó,€794€S.W.2d€752,€755€(Tenn.€Crim.Š h ŠApp.€1990).€€The€trial€court's€conclusions€of€law,€however,€are€reviewed€de€novo.€€ņņFields€v.€Stateóó,Š ą0 Š40€S.W.3d€450,€457„58€(Tenn.€2001).€€Thus,€a€trial€courtššs€findings€of€fact€are€reviewed€de€novoŠ Øų Šwith€a€presumption€of€correctness,€while€a€trial€court's€conclusions€of€law€are€reviewed€de€novo€withŠ pĄ Šno€presumption€of€correctness.€Š 8ˆ Šą  ąĢą  ąIn€order€to€succeed€on€an€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claim,€the€defendant€must€proveŠ Č Šthat€the€attorneyššs€performance€was€deficient€by€showing€that€the€advice€given€or€services€renderedŠ ą Šfell€below€the€range€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€€ņņBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523Š XØ ŠS.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€In€addition,€the€defendant€must€prove€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€hisŠ  p Šcounselššs€deficient€performance€by€showing€that€the€result€of€the€trial€proceeding€would€have€beenŠ č8 Šdifferent€but€for€the€attorneyššs€error.€€€ņņStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€687,€104€S.€Ct.€2052,Š °  Š2064,€80€L.€Ed.€2d€674€(1984);€ņņGoad€v.€Stateóó,€938€S.W.2d€363,€369€(Tenn.€1996).€€The€burden€isŠ xČ! Šon€the€defendant€to€prove€both€prongs€of€the€test€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€ņņState€v.€Burnsóó,Š @" Š6€S.W.3d€453,€461€n.5€(Tenn.€1999)€(relying€on€ņņState€v.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€607€(Tenn.Š  X# ŠCrim.€App.€1992).€Š Š $ ŠĢą  ąIn€reviewing€counsel's€conduct,€a€š šfair€assessment€.€.€.€requires€that€every€effort€be€made€toŠ `"°& Šeliminate€the€distorting€effects€of€hindsight,€to€reconstruct€the€circumstances€of€counselššs€challengedŠ (#x' Šconduct,€and€to€evaluate€the€conduct€from€counselššs€perspective€at€the€time.šš€€ņņStricklandóó,€466€U.S.Š š#@( Šat€689,€104€S.€Ct.€at€2065.€€The€fact€that€a€particular€strategy€or€tactic€failed€or€€hurt€the€defense,€doesŠ ø$ ) Šnot,€standing€alone,€establish€unreasonable€representation€as€long€as€choices€are€informed€ones€basedŠ €%Š * Šupon€adequate€preparation.€ņņHenleyóó,€960€S.W.2d€at€579€(Tenn.€1997);€ņņHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629€S.W.2dŠ H&˜!+ Š4,€9€(Tenn.€1982).€€Š '`", Šą  ąĢą  ąIn€the€instant€case,€the€defendantššs€former€counsel€testified€at€the€evidentiary€hearing€on€theŠ  (š#. Šdefendantššs€motion€for€a€new€trial.€€She€testified€that€she€made€every€effort€to€subpoena€everyŠ h)ø$/ Šwitness€that€the€defendant€requested€but€acknowledged€that€she€was€unable€to€locate€some€of€theŠ 0*€%0 Šwitnesses.€€The€trial€record€reveals€that€she€advised€the€defendant€that€she€had€not€been€able€toŠ ° Šsubpoena€several€witnesses€who€could€be€important€to€the€defense.€€She€inquired,€on€the€record,Š xČ Šwhether€the€defendant€wished€to€proceed€with€the€trial€on€that€day€without€such€witnesses.€€The€trialŠ @ Šjudge€also€questioned€the€defendant,€on€the€record,€about€whether€he€understood€what€trial€counselŠ X Šwas€saying€and€whether€he€wished€to€proceed.€€The€defendant€indicated€that€he€understood€andŠ Š  Šconsistently€responded€that€he€wished€to€proceed€with€the€trial€without€the€witnesses.€€With€respectŠ ˜č Što€the€defendantššs€allegation€that€trial€counsel€refused€his€request€to€call€Debbie€Moody€as€a€witness,Š ` ° Štrial€counsel€testified€that€Ms.€Moody€appeared€in€the€courtroom€during€the€middle€of€the€trial€andŠ ( x Šsaid€that€she€would€hurt€the€defense€if€called€as€a€witness.€€Trial€counsel€made€a€tactical€decision€notŠ š @ Što€call€Ms.€Moody€based€on€her€belief€that€Ms.€Moodyššs€testimony€would€not€be€beneficial€to€theŠ ø   Šdefense.€€The€defendant€was€not€present€during€the€conversation€between€Ms.€Moody€and€trialŠ € Š  Šcounsel€but€was€later€informed€by€trial€counsel€that€Ms.€Moody€would€not€be€testifying€because€herŠ H ˜  Štestimony€would€not€help€the€defense.Š `  ŠĢą  ąAfter€hearing€all€the€evidence,€including€testimony€by€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€found€thatŠ  š  Šthe€defendant€had€failed€to€prove€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€trial€counselššs€alleged€errors.€We€agree.€Š hø  ŠBare€allegations€are€insufficient€to€support€proof€of€the€claim.€€Indeed,€when€an€ineffective€assistanceŠ 0€  Šof€counsel€claim€is€predicated€upon€counselššs€failure€to€present€witnesses€or€introduce€evidence,€suchŠ ųH  Šwitnessššs€testimony€and€evidence€should€be€offered€at€the€evidentiary€hearing€in€order€for€the€trialŠ Ą Šcourt€to€determine€whether€the€failure€to€call€a€witness€or€introduce€evidence€prejudiced€theŠ ˆŲ Šdefendant.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņBlack€v.€Stateóó,€794€S.W.2d€752,€757€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€This€defendant€didŠ P  Šnot€present€testimony€by€Ms.€Moody€or€any€of€the€other€people€that€he€claims€should€have€beenŠ h Šcalled€as€witnesses€to€prove€that€their€testimony€would€have€helped€the€defense€had€they€testified.€Š ą0 ŠThe€business€records€of€the€service€station€were€not€introduced€to€prove€that€they€containedŠ Øų Šexculpatory€information.€€The€mental€health€records€of€Mr.€Greenwood,€alleged€to€have€a€lengthyŠ pĄ Šhistory€of€serious€mental€illness,€were€not€introduced€to€show€what,€if€any,€effect€they€would€haveŠ 8ˆ Šhad€on€Mr.€Greenwoodššs€credibility€if€they€had€been€used€to€impeach€his€trial€testimony.€Š P ŠĢą  ąWe€conclude€that€the€defendant€has€not€proven€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€that€theŠ ą Šoutcome€of€his€trial€would€have€been€different€but€for€the€alleged€errors€made€by€trial€counsel.Š XØ ŠBecause€the€defendant€must€prove€both€that€trial€counselššs€performance€was€deficient€and€that€heŠ  p Šwas€prejudiced€by€the€deficient€performance€in€order€to€prevail€on€an€ineffective€assistance€ofŠ č8 Šcounsel€claim,€we€need€not€reach€the€question€of€whether€trial€counselššs€performance€was€deficient.€Š °  ŠņņHenleyóó,€960€S.W.2d€at€580;€ņņGoadóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€370.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€courtššs€finding€that€theŠ xČ! Šdefendant€received€effective€assistance€of€counsel€is€affirmed.€€Š @" ŠĢĢÓ  Óņ ņIII.€€ņņRight€to€Testifyó óóóŠ ˜!č% ŠÓ  Óą  ąĢą  ąEncompassed€within€the€defendantššs€allegation€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€ofŠ (#x' Šcounsel€is€the€assertion€that€he€was€denied€the€right€to€testify.€€€Specifically,€the€defendant€allegesŠ š#@( Šthat€he€repeatedly€asked€trial€counsel€to€call€him€as€a€witness€and€that€after€advising€the€defendantŠ ø$ ) Šthat€it€was€not€in€his€best€interest€to€testify,€trial€counsel€refused€to€call€the€defendant€as€a€witness.€Š €%Š * ŠThe€defendant€maintains€that€he€never€acquiesced€to€his€attorneyššs€request€that€he€not€testify€and€thatŠ H&˜!+ Šthe€decision€not€to€testify€was€the€unilateral€decision€of€his€attorney.€Š '`", Šą  ąĢą  ąWe€begin€by€noting€that€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court,€in€ņņMomon€v.€Stateóó,€adopted€aŠ  (š#. Šprocedural€safeguard€to€ensure€that€all€future€criminal€defendants€are€aware€of€their€right€to€testifyŠ h)ø$/ Šand€that€they€personally€waive€that€right.€18€S.W.3d€152,€157€(Tenn.€1999).€This€proceduralŠ 0*€%0 Šrequirement,€however,€was€not€a€new€constitutional€rule€that€required€retroactive€application.€€ņņId.óóŠ ° Šat€162„63.€€The€defendant€acknowledges€that€the€procedural€requirement€is,€therefore,€inapplicableŠ xČ Što€this€case€because€the€supreme€courtššs€decision€in€ņņMomon€óówas€filed€after€the€defendantššs€trial.€€TheŠ @ Šdefendant,€however,€cites€to€ņņMomonóó€to€€š šunderscore€the€fundamental€nature€of€[the€right€to€testify].ššŠ X Šą  ąĢą  ąTennessee€courts€have€long€recognized€that€a€criminal€defendant€has€a€fundamentalŠ ˜č Šconstitutional€right€to€testify.€€ņņMomonóó,€18€S.W.3d€at€157.€Only€the€defendant€may€effectuate€a€validŠ ` ° Šwaiver€of€this€right.€€ņņId.óó€at€161.€€€In€determining€whether€the€defendant€has€personally€waived€theŠ ( x Šright€to€testify,€this€Court€should€š šindulge€every€reasonable€presumption€against€the€waiver€of€aŠ š @ Šfundamental€right.šš€€ņņId.óó€at€162.€€The€waiver€of€a€defendantššs€right€to€testify€will€not€be€presumedŠ ø   Šfrom€a€silent€record.€€ņņId.ó󀀹 šIn€the€absence€of€evidence€to€show€that€[a]€defendant€personally€waivedŠ € Š  Š[the]€right€to€testify,€we€must€presume€that€he€did€not.šš€€ņņState€v.€Simmonsóó,€No.€M2000„01199„CCA„Š H ˜  ŠR3„CD,€2001€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€359€at€*€6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville€May€11,€2001).Š `  Šą  ąĢą  ąIn€the€instant€case,€the€defendantššs€trial€counsel€corroborated€that€the€defendant€repeatedlyŠ  š  Štold€her,€both€before€and€during€the€trial,€that€he€wanted€to€testify.€€€She€consistently€responded€toŠ hø  Šthe€defendantššs€requests€by€advising€him€against€testifying.€€However,€she€also€testified€that€it€wasŠ 0€  Šultimately€the€defendantššs€decision€whether€to€testify.€€Trial€counsel€informed€the€defendant€of€theŠ ųH  Šbasis€for€her€advice€not€to€testify.€€In€her€opinion,€the€defendantššs€testimony€would€likely€beŠ Ą Šimpeached€with€his€prior€convictions;€his€testimony€would€possibly€open€the€door€to€questioningŠ ˆŲ Šabout€other€bad€acts;€and€she€observed€that€the€defendantššs€version€of€the€events€was€not€consistentŠ P  Šwith€that€of€other€witnesses.€€Trial€counsel€testified€that€she€š šknew€he€should€never€testifyšš€butŠ h Šmaintained€that€the€final€decision€not€to€testify€was€made€by€the€defendant.€€After€being€repeatedlyŠ ą0 Šadvised€that€it€was€not€in€his€best€interest€to€testify,€the€defendant€said€š šokayšš€and€followed€hisŠ Øų Šattorneyššs€advice.€Š pĄ Šą  ąĢą  ąThe€defendant€denies€ever€agreeing€with€trial€counsel€not€to€testify.€€According€to€theŠ P Šdefendant,€he€reiterated€his€request€to€testify€even€after€his€trial€counsel€advised€him€against€it.€€TheŠ Č Šdefendant€testified€that€he€believed€that€it€was€his€decision€whether€to€testify€but€that€trial€counselŠ ą Šrefused€to€call€him€as€a€witness.€€In€the€defendantššs€words,€š šShe€wouldnššt€put€me€up€there.ššŠ XØ Šą  ąĢą  ąWe€conclude€that€the€record€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtššs€finding€that€theŠ č8 Šdefendant€personally€waived€his€right€to€testify.€€Although€trial€counsel€strenuously€advised€theŠ °  Šdefendant€not€to€testify€on€numerous€occasions,€the€ultimate€decision€not€to€testify€was€theŠ xČ! Šdefendantššs.€€The€defendant€admitted€that€he€knew€that€he€had€a€right€to€testify€and€that€he€knew€thatŠ @" Šthe€decision€whether€or€not€to€testify€was€his€to€make.€€Furthermore,€the€record€reveals€that€theŠ  X# Šdefendant€was€not€afraid€to€insist€upon€a€course€of€action€different€from€that€advised€by€his€counsel.€Š Š $ ŠHe€made€the€final€decision€not€to€request€a€change€of€venue€against€the€strong€advice€of€his€trialŠ ˜!č% Šcounsel.€€He€also€made€the€final€decision€to€pursue€an€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claim€onŠ `"°& Šdirect€appeal€against€the€strong€advice€of€both€the€trial€court€and€his€appellate€counsel.€€Based€uponŠ (#x' Šsuch€information,€the€trial€court€was€within€its€discretion€to€accredit€trial€counselššs€testimony€on€theŠ š#@( Šissue€and€conclude€that€the€defendant€made€the€decision€to€waive€his€right€to€testify.€€This€issue€isŠ ø$ ) Šwithout€merit.Š €%Š * ŠĢą  ąĢŻ‚ ’’’ŻŌ&  ŌÓ  ÓŌ  ŌŌ  Ōņ ņņņŻ  ŻŌ  ŌIV.€€Admission€of€Testimony€Concerning€Uncharged€CrimesŌ edŸœŌó óóóŠ Ų'(#- ŠŻ‚ ’Nœd€haŻŌ  ŌŌ  ŌŌ'Ų'^œŌÓ  ÓŻ  ŻÓ  ÓŌ€ōėņXXžųŌą  ąĢĢÓ  Óą  ąŌ€XžųXņōėŌThe€defendant€next€alleges€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€admitted€testimony€by€a€stateššsŠ ģ)<%0 Šwitness,€Bonnie€Moody,€about€a€prior€criminal€charge€against€the€defendant,€which€had€beenŠ “*&1 Šdismissed.€€The€criminal€charge€to€which€the€defendant€refers€stemmed€from€an€allegation€that€theŠ ° Šdefendant€had€inappropriate€sexual€relations€with€a€minor,€Jamie€Moody.€The€state€did€not€questionŠ xČ ŠBonnie€Moody,€Jamie€Moodyššs€aunt,€about€the€prior€criminal€charge€during€direct€examination.€Š @ ŠDefense€counsel,€however,€questioned€her€about€the€charge€on€cross„examination€in€order€to€showŠ X Šthat€Ms.€Moody€had€a€bias€against€the€defendant.€€Defense€counsel€did€not€go€into€the€specifics€ofŠ Š  Šthe€charge€but€questioned€Bonnie€Moody€about€whether€she€had€š šhard€feelingsšš€for€the€defendantŠ ˜č Šbecause€of€the€prior€criminal€charge.€€In€response,€the€prosecution€attempted€to€get€into€the€specificsŠ ` ° Šof€the€charge€during€re„direct€examination€of€Ms.€Moody.€€We€note,€however,€that€the€trial€court€didŠ ( x Šnot€allow€the€state€to€question€Ms.€Moody€about€the€details€of€the€charge€but€instead€immediatelyŠ š @ Šinterrupted€the€prosecutor,€admonished€him€for€asking€the€question,€and€instructed€the€jury€not€toŠ ø   Šconsider€the€testimony€about€such€charge€in€their€determination€of€the€defendantššs€guilt.€€ą Š ąŠ € Š  Šą  ąĢą  ąIn€Tennessee,€evidence€that€a€criminal€defendant€has€committed€some€other€crime€or€bad€actŠ `  Šindependent€of€that€for€which€he€is€charged€is€generally€inadmissible.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€404(b);€ņņStateŠ Ų(  Šv.€Howellóó,€868€S.W.2d€238,€254€(Tenn.€1993).€€However,€if€evidence€that€a€defendant€has€committedŠ  š  Šan€act€separate€and€apart€from€the€one€for€which€the€defendant€is€on€trial€is€relevant€to€some€materialŠ hø  Šmatter€at€issue€in€the€case€on€trial€and€if€its€probative€value€is€not€outweighed€by€the€danger€of€itsŠ 0€  Šprejudicial€effect,€the€evidence€may€be€admitted.€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€404(b);€ņņHowellóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€254.€Š ųH  ŠFurthermore,€because€of€the€risk€of€unfair€prejudice€to€the€defendant,€Rule€404(b)€establishes€specialŠ Ą Šprocedures€which€must€be€followed€before€evidence€of€prior€bad€acts€may€be€admitted.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.Š ˆŲ ŠR.€Evid.€404(b),€Advisory€Committee€Comments.€€When€a€trial€court€substantially€complies€withŠ P  Šthe€procedural€requirements€of€the€rule,€its€determination€will€not€be€overturned€absent€an€abuse€ofŠ h Šdiscretion.€ņņState€v.€DuBoseóó,€953€S.W.2d€649,€652€(Tenn.€1997).Š ą0 Šą  ąĢą  ąIn€the€instant€case,€the€trial€court€did€not€admit€evidence€of€the€prior€criminal€charge€over€theŠ pĄ Šdefendantššs€objection.€€Therefore,€the€predicate€procedural€requirements€for€admission€of€suchŠ 8ˆ Ševidence€were€not€applicable.€€€Indeed,€it€was€the€defendant€who€first€introduced€evidence€of€the€factŠ P Šthat€such€a€prior€charge€existed€in€order€to€show€the€bias€of€Bonnie€Moody.€€When€the€stateŠ Č Šattempted€to€question€Ms.€Moody€about€the€specifics€of€the€charge€on€re„direct,€the€defendantŠ ą Šobjected,€and€the€trial€court€sustained€the€objection.€€Further€attempts€by€the€prosecution€to€elicit€theŠ XØ Šsame€information€were€interrupted€by€the€trial€court€even€before€the€defendant€had€the€opportunityŠ  p Što€object.€€In€addition,€the€trial€court€gave€a€curative€instruction€to€the€jury€instructing€them€to€onlyŠ č8 Šconsider€the€prior€criminal€charge€in€determining€whether€Ms.€Moody€had€a€bias€against€theŠ °  Šdefendant.€€€The€only€testimony€that€Bonnie€Moody€gave€about€the€prior€criminal€charge€after€theŠ xČ! Štrial€courtššs€curative€instruction€to€the€jury€was€that€her€previous€testimony€about€the€charge€wasŠ @" Štruthful€and€that€she€took€the€charge€š švery€seriously.ššŠ  X# Šą  ąĢą  ąWe€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€with€respect€to€the€admission€of€testimonyŠ ˜!č% Šregarding€the€defendantššs€prior€criminal€charge.€€The€defendant€made€a€tactical€decision€to€questionŠ `"°& ŠBonnie€Moody€about€the€existence€of€the€charge€in€order€to€show€her€bias.€€He€may€not€nowŠ (#x' Šchallenge€the€admission€of€that€evidence€on€appeal.€€Furthermore,€the€trial€court€did€not€admitŠ š#@( Štestimony€about€the€specific€facts€of€the€charge.€€In€contrast,€the€trial€court€sustained€two€objectionsŠ ø$ ) Što€the€stateššs€attempt€to€elicit€such€testimony€and€gave€a€curative€instruction€to€the€jury.€€This€issueŠ €%Š * Šis€without€merit.Š H&˜!+ ŠŻ‚’’’ŻŌ&   ŌÓ  ÓŌ  ŌŌ  Ōņ ņņņŻ  ŻĢĢóóV.€€ņņThirteenth€Juror€RoleŠ  (š#. ŠŻ‚’’’¶±ell€Żó óóóŌ  ŌŌ  ŌŌ' 'ʱŌÓ  ÓŻ  Żą  ąĢą  ąIn€the€defendantššs€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€defendant€asked€the€trial€court€to€evaluate€theŠ 0*€%0 Šsufficiency€of€the€evidence€ņņandóó€the€weight€of€the€evidence€from€the€thirteenth€juror€standpoint.€€€TheŠ ° Šdefendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€perform€its€mandatory€function€as€thirteenth€juror.€Š xČ ŠAccording€to€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€should€have€re„weighed€the€evidence€and€set€aside€theŠ @ Šjuryššs€verdict.€€The€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€gave€undue€deference€to€the€juryššs€resolutionŠ X Šof€factual€conflicts€and€determinations€of€witness€credibility.€€Š Š  Šą  ą¹Ó  ÓÓ  Óą  ą€Rule€33(f)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€imposes€upon€a€trial€court€judgeŠ ` ° Šthe€mandatory€duty€to€serve€as€the€thirteenth€juror€in€every€criminal€case.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€33(f);Š ( x ŠÓµÓņņÓ  ÓState€v.€Carteróó,€896€S.W.2d€119,€122€(Tenn.€1995).€€Approval€by€the€trial€judge€of€the€juryššs€verdictŠ š @ Šas€the€thirteenth€juror€is€a€necessary€prerequisite€to€the€imposition€of€a€valid€judgment.€€ņņId.óó€€A€trialŠ ø   Šcourtššs€role€as€a€thirteenth€juror,€however,€is€distinguishable€from€its€role€in€evaluating€theŠ € Š  Šsufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€€In€performing€the€duties€of€a€thirteenth€juror,€the€trial€court€isŠ H ˜  Šconcerned€about€whether€the€verdict€is€supported€by€the€weight€of€the€evidence€presented€at€trial.Š `  ŠņņState€v.€Moatsóó,€906€S.W.2d€431,€433-35€(Tenn.€1995).€€The€trial€court€should€independently€re„Š Ų(  Šweigh€the€evidence€and€assess€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses.Š  š  ŠĢą  ąThis€Court€may€presume€that€the€trial€court€has€performed€its€function€as€thirteenth€jurorŠ 0€  Šwhen€the€trial€judge€overrules€a€motion€for€new€trial.€€ņņCarteróó,€896€S.W.2d€at€122.€€However,€if€theŠ ųH  Šrecord€reflects€that€the€trial€court€was€dissatisfied€with€or€disagreed€with€the€juryššs€verdict€or€theŠ Ą Šweight€of€the€evidence,€made€statements€indicating€that€the€trial€court€misunderstood€itsŠ ˆŲ Šresponsibility€or€authority€to€act€as€thirteenth€juror,€or€absolved€itself€of€the€responsibility€of€actingŠ P  Šas€thirteenth€juror,€this€presumption€does€not€apply,€and€this€Court€must€grant€a€new€trial.€€ņņMoatsóó,Š h Š906€S.W.2d€at€434„36.Š ą0 ŠĢą  ąIn€the€instant€case,€the€trial€court,€at€the€hearing€on€the€motion€for€new€trial,€made€theŠ pĄ Šfollowing€comments:Š 8ˆ Šą8  ąą8` Š Š ąIt€was€a€circumstantial€case€and€it€was€a€case€that€had€to€be€putŠ P Štogether€with€every€strand€of€circumstance€and€it€went€to€the€jury€onŠ Č Ša€question€of€whether€or€not€the€State€had€proven€beyond€a€reasonableŠ ą Šdoubt€and€the€jury€so€found.€€And€this€court€is€of€the€opinion€thatŠ XØ Šthere€is€sufficient€evidence€to€support€that€verdict€and€ņņtheir€evidenceŠ  p Šwas€believable.€€This€court€has€no€reason€to€set€aside€from€theŠ č8 Šthirteenth€juror€standpoint€either€or€sufficiency€or€credibility€of€theŠ °  Šwitnesses.ó󀀩xČ!` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąSome€of€the€witness€were€suspect.€Hollerman€was€in€prisonŠ  X# Šand€made€some€statements€that€were€attributed€to€the€defendant€andŠ Š $ Šalso€was€cross€examined€about€what€might€happen€to€him.€Š ˜!č% ŠGreenwood€was€in€custody€and€testified€that€he€pled€guilty€and€heŠ `"°& Šwas€testifying€to€[make€a€deal]€and€was€testifying€to€the€truth.€Š (#x' ŠWhether€it€was€[the€truth]€or€not€was€a€question€for€the€jury€toŠ š#@( Šdetermine.€€Šø$ )` x` x Š(Emphasis€added.)Š €%Š * ŠĢą  ąBecause€the€trial€court€is€obligated€to€make€its€own€determination€concerning€the€credibilityŠ '`", Šof€the€witnesses,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€courtššs€statement€that€š šit€was€for€the€jury€toŠ Ų'(#- Šdeterminešš€the€truthfulness€of€the€suspect€witness€is€illustrative€of€its€failure€to€fulfill€the€role€ofŠ  (š#. Šthirteenth€juror.€€We€disagree.€€This€Courtššs€interpretation€of€the€trial€courtššs€findings€is€that€the€trialŠ h)ø$/ Šcourt€was€addressing€both€the€defendantššs€insufficient€evidence€claim€and€his€thirteenth€juror€claim.€Š 0*€%0 ŠSome€of€the€statements€were€relevant€to€the€sufficiency€analysis€and€some€were€relevant€to€theŠ ° Šthirteenth€juror€analysis.€However,€it€is€clear€from€the€trial€courtššs€statement€that€š šthis€court€has€noŠ xČ Šreason€to€set€aside€from€the€thirteenth€juror€standpoint€either€or€[the]€sufficiency€[of€the€evidence]ššŠ @ Šthat€the€trial€court€recognized€that€there€was€a€difference.€€Additionally,€the€finding€that€the€evidenceŠ X Šš šwas€believablešš€demonstrates€that€the€trial€court€independently€weighed€the€evidence€as€a€thirteenthŠ Š  Šjuror.€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€fulfilled€its€role€as€the€thirteenth€juror.€€ThisŠ ˜č Šissue€is€without€merit.Š ` ° Šą  ąĢĢÓ  Óņņņ ņCONCLUSIONó óóóŠ ø   ŠÓ  Óą  ąĢą  ąWe€conclude€that€the€defendant€has€failed€to€prove€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€ofŠ H ˜  Šcounsel€nor€does€the€record€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtššs€finding€that€the€defendantŠ `  Špersonally€waived€his€right€to€testify.€€Furthermore,€our€review€of€the€record€does€not€support€theŠ Ų(  Šdefendantššs€allegations€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€admitted€evidence€of€an€uncharged€crime€orŠ  š  Šfailed€to€perform€its€function€as€thirteenth€juror.€€Finally,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€identify€theŠ hø  Šdefendant€as€the€perpetrator€of€the€charged€offense€of€aggravated€robbery.€€Consequently,€theŠ 0€  Šjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Š ųH  ŠŌ‡ XžųXXXžųŌą  ąŌ#†XžųXX Xžų×Ė#ŌĢą  ąą ` ąĢĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą___________________________________€Š Øų Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąJOHN€EVERETT€WILLIAMS,€JUDGE