ÿWPCp BC{Nû´:LD~avìØ¨udÐüàæ£^`Ö,µœR|»~ã3²åØB’å´F¢CŸ.ÊÒ ºD\Öðƒ9Q|ãû‚g•‚gƒµñ»lûXÿ ïr^;üëIxèÀ(_’¥G~ÖNJœ«¼²uhxé›§²Ù¬µÔdòåòôãtg@߸–ž×¤=ð¾‡O8úªžïЇ˜ ºB¼ã¥·úök,:ë½7zY G(û7ZrÏ$L? ÈYÆ¥Äc®ŽçHÀ@tÓª©4úE"Z¥:ÈØµÝ°'?‡kÄ5¹ÐÐ_lïd‡½ù+$ÄI¢±”µIë-àˆ¢gh Ðß~¶¾n°ÈÕOÙ a ŒÑ̇Ç>ƒ¢ZQwAþ`óE¯ÛÙ¬:sÂ< K(º«Ûñ!a.Ë\GŽÝŽ `ÑÜ…í±<Øö¡{˜«8ªê×B R„%P}XwÚæ2IÑJ'¹g¶|†:Òë) ð„å¥& ÿ {ÿÑ×–M¦\BÔñPÛ€í@ÔBWGÀK«ýCúø%‚£;‘ÞWoâo¨Z?½:D}Rµ‚BùpÛŠ˜OeÁ Îð¼3Êu׿B عÎ; bWFõbÁ“¿Ä=e´üÍšEó!n×)# >UNI %— 0(w@Å4U:(bjU:r 0l¬ 0D”\U:ðe* U: 0DÉ ( AQ5 Ɔ 0DL B 0D­ ­ D/ñ ñ B  D3=˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ hiDjk{lm{nopÓ€|n~<$½¬3|x|,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Šà  à¹Ò°ÒÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€X ƒXXXÔThe€judgment€expressed€no€percentage€of€the€sentence€that€theÐ  ð Ðdefendant€is€required€to€serve.€€ð ðIf€no€percentage€is€expressed€in€the€judgment,Ïthe€percentage€shall€be€considered€zero€percent€(0%).ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„¼35„302(d)€(1997).€€, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular [Ò°ÒÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€X ƒXXXÔThe€trial€court€indicated€its€willingness€to€favorably€consider€a€motion€toÐ ° Ðsuspend€the€balance€of€the€felony€sentence€upon€service€of€270€days€providedÏthe€defendant€successfully€completed€a€rehabilitation€program., øð AZ‹"Arial Regular(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ X ƒXXXÔÔ€ óAX X ƒÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X ƒX óAÔÐ  ÐÌò òOctober€28,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôœ”ôX X ƒÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó !#%Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý d($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd""""'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñpñ›ñpñÒ°ÒÓÓÔ€X ƒXXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€<ñXXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  Ññ|ññpñßr€(<,(j 8` `€€@Eȱ` ttx$°ð Õrßñpññ|ññ|ññ|ññpñ›ñpñÌÌÓ  Óò òñ|ñœßt€(>.*jxÿ­` `€€@EWõ ` ttx$- ð œ tß›ñ|ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ H˜ ÐAT€JACKSONó óÐ  p Ðò òJULY€1998€SESSIONó óÐ ø H ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà h àà À àà  à)Ð h¸  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,à h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9710„CC„00400Ð :Š Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€Benton€CountyÐ V Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìò òWILLIAM€E.€BREWER,à h àó óà À àà  à)€€€€€€Honorable€Julian€P.€GuinnÐ Ò" Ðò òà ` àà ¸ àó óà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ¾ Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€(Assault;€Aggravated€Assault)Ð ¤ô Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)ÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€FOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð X ÐÌDONALD€E.€PARISHà h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€JOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ Ô$ ÐP.O.€Box€229à  àà h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€Attorney€General€&€ReporterÐ º  ÐHuntingdon,€TN€38344Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€CLINTON€J.€MORGANÌRONALD€J.€DARBYà h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€Assistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ l#¼" Ð127€Forrest€Avenue€Southà h àà À à€€€€€€€€€425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ð R$¢# ÐCamden,€TN€38320à h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÐ 8%ˆ $ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Nashville,€TN€37243„0493€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€STEVE€GARRETTÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Assistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€P.O.€Box€94Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Paris,€TN.€38242ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_____________ÌÌò òAFFIRMEDÐ ²2.3 ÐÌÌó óCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÐ  v5Æ06< ÐÓ  Óò òOPINIONÐ ° ÐÌó óÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant,€William€E.€Brewer,€appeals€the€convictions€for€assaultÏand€reckless€endangerment€imposed€by€the€Benton€County€Circuit€Court.€€A€juryÏfound€the€defendant€guilty€of€assaulting€his€wife,€Cheryl€Brewer,€on€September€4,Ï1996,€as€alleged€in€count€(1)€of€the€indictment,€and€it€found€him€guilty€of€recklessÏendangerment,€a€lesser€included€offense€of€the€September€6,€1996€assault€ofÏCheryl€Brewer€alleged€as€aggravated€assault€in€count€(2).€€The€trial€court€imposedÏconcurrent€sentences€of€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€on€the€assaultÏconviction,œ×ƒ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€a€Class€A€misdemeanor,€œand€two€years›€on€the€reckless€endangermentÐ R Ðconviction,ñIñœ×ƒ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›ñIñ€a€Class€E€felony.€€In€this€direct€appeal,€the€defendant€challenges€onlyÐ Î Ðthe€failure€of€the€trial€court€to€order€the€severance€of€the€two€counts€and€theÏeffectiveness€of€counselððs€assistance€in€not€moving€for€severance€prior€to€trial.€€AfterÏa€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€the€applicable€law,€we€affirm€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€and€victim€were€husband€and€wife.€€The€victimÏappeared€at€the€Benton€County€Sheriffððs€Office€in€the€wee€hours€of€September€4,Ï1996€and€complained€that€the€€defendant€had€hit€her.€€The€cheekbone€beneath€herÏeye€was€red.€€The€victim€obtained€an€order€of€protection€which€was€served€on€theÏdefendant€later€in€the€day€on€September€4.€€On€September€6,€the€victim€complainedÏthat,€during€her€visit€to€the€marital€home,€the€defendant€brandished€a€shotgun€and€Ïhe€fired€the€weapon€in€her€direction€as€she€fled€in€her€car.€€The€defendant€deniedÏthese€assaults.€€He€testified€that€the€victim€left€the€home€on€September€4€after€theÏcouple€argued€about€the€victimððs€late„night€telephone€conversation.€€The€victimÐ ö.F*/ Ðtestified€her€nursing€home€employer€called€her€to€work,€but€the€defendant€testifiedÏthe€caller€was€a€man€with€whom€the€victim€ññœññññœññhad€hadññ›ññññ›ññ€an€affair.€The€defendant€ññœññÏessentially€characterizedññ›ññ€the€victimððs€complaints€to€the€sheriffððs€office€during€the€twoÏdays€following€the€argument€as€her€attempts€to€have€him€incarcerated.€€He€viewedÏthe€September€6€complaint€as€a€contrivance€to€implicate€him€in€a€violation€of€theÏorder€of€protection.€€The€jury€obviously€credited€the€stateððs€proof.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€filed€no€motion€to€sever€the€counts€of€the€indictment.€ÏThe€defendant€first€complained€of€trial€on€the€joined€counts€in€his€motion€for€newÏtrial.€€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€14(a)€provides€that€a€defendantððsÏmotion€for€severance€of€offenses€ð ðmust€be€made€before€trial,€except€that€a€motionÏfor€severance€may€be€made€before€or€at€the€close€of€all€evidence€if€based€upon€aÏground€not€previously€known.ðð€€There€was€no€basis€for€a€day„of„trial€motion€in€theÏpresent€case,€and€the€defendant€is€caught€squarely€by€the€ruleððs€provision€thatÏð ð[s]everance€is€waived€if€the€motion€is€not€made€at€the€appropriate€time.ðð€Tenn.€R.ÏCrim.€P.€14(a);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(5)€(request€for€severance€requiredÐ °"  Ðto€be€filed€before€trial);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12€(f)€(issues€not€raised€by€pre„trial€motionÏas€required€by€rule€12(b)€are€waived).€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€issue€ofÏseverance€was€waived.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àññœññAfter€trial,€theññ›ññ€defendant€discharged€his€trial€ññœññattorney.€€Newññ›ññ€counselÏfiled€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€The€motionððs€first€ground€is€identical€to€the€issueÏpresented€in€this€appeal€„„€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€trying€counts€(1)€and€(2)Ïtogether.€€According€to€the€order€overruling€the€motion,€the€trial€court€heardÏcounselððs€arguments€during€a€telephone€ññœññconference.€€No€evidence€was€submitted.ññ›ññÏThe€order€further€reflects€that€the€ð ðDefendant€was€allowed€to€amend€by€oral€motionÏthe€first€ground€so€as€to€allege€that€counsel€for€the€Defendant€was€ineffective€inÏfailing€to€move€the€court€to€sever€counts€one€and€two€of€the€indictment.ððÐ 09€48 Їà ` àà ¸ àWhen€an€appeal€challenges€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel,€theÏappellant€has€the€burden€of€establishing€(1)€deficient€representation€and€(2)Ïprejudice€resulting€from€that€deficiency.€€òòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,Ð pÀ Ð686€(1984);€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€DeficientÐ P   Ðrepresentation€occurs€when€counsel€provides€assistance€that€falls€below€the€rangeÏof€competence€demanded€of€criminal€attorneys.€€òòBankston€v.€Stateóó,€815€S.W.2dÐ `  Ð213,€215€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€Prejudice€is€the€reasonable€likelihood€that,€butÏfor€deficient€representation,€the€outcome€of€the€proceedings€would€have€beenÏdifferent.€€òòOverton€v.€Stateóó,€874€S.W.2d€6,€11€(Tenn.€1994).€€On€review,€there€is€aÐ ° Ðstrong€presumption€of€satisfactory€representation.€€òòBarr€v.€Stateóó,€910€S.W.2d€462,Ð à Ð464€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWhen€determining€whether€counselððs€performance€was€deficient,Ïð ðevery€effort€[must]€be€made€to€eliminate€the€distorting€effects€of€hindsight,€toÏreconstruct€the€circumstances€of€counselððs€challenged€conduct,€and€to€evaluate€theÏconduct€from€counselððs€perspective€at€the€time.ðð€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€689.€Ð Ð  Ðð ðThus,€the€fact€that€a€particular€strategy€or€tactic€failed€or€even€hurt€the€defenseÏdoes€not,€alone,€support€a€claim€of€ineffective€assistance.ðð€€òòCooperóó,€847€S.W.€œ2dñhñ€Ð $à" Ð521,ñhñ›€œñiñat›€ñiñ528ñjñ€(Tenn.€ñjññkññjñcñjññkññkñCñkññlñrim.€ñlññmññlñañlññmññmñAñmññnñpp.€1992)ñnñ.›€€We€must€defer€to€trial€strategy€and€tacticalÏchoices€when€they€are€informed€ones€based€upon€adequate€preparation.€€òòIdóó.Ð P( #& ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àMoreover,€on€appeal,€the€findings€of€fact€made€by€the€trial€court€areÏconclusive€and€will€not€be€disturbed€unless€the€evidence€contained€in€the€recordÏpreponderates€against€them.€€òòRhoden€v.€Stateóó,€816€S.W.2d€56,€60€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ð/ +. ÐApp.€1991);€òòBrooks€v.€Stateóó,€756€S.W.2d€288,€289€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€TheÐ °1-0 Ðburden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€thoseÏfindings.€€òòClenny€v.€Stateóó,€576€S.W.€2d€12,€14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).Ð p5À04 ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€has€failed€to€show€that€the€evidence€preponderatesÐ 09€48 Ðagainst€the€trial€courtððs€overruling€the€ineffective€assistance€grounds€stated€in€theÏmotion€for€new€trial.€€Specifically,€the€record€shows€neither€deficiency€of€trialÏcounselððs€performance€nor€prejudice€from€any€malfeasance.€€The€import€of€theÏdefendantððs€direct€testimony€is€that€the€reckless€endangerment€charge€is€the€resultÏof€the€victimððs€false€allegation€of€a€September€6€assault€designed€to€implicate€theÏdefendant€in€a€violation€of€the€September€4€order€of€protection.€€This€court€has€notÏbeen€favored€with€a€transcript€of€opening€statements€or€final€arguments€to€the€jury,Ïand€consequently€we€do€not€know€what€line€of€argument€defense€counsel€pursued.€ÏHowever,€counsel€called€the€defendant€to€testify,€and€this€testimony€presented€aÏplausible€theory€that€the€charges€were€the€result€of€the€victimððs€machinations€to€getÏthe€defendant€out€of€the€home€and€in€jail.€€Such€a€theory,€as€a€defense€to€theÏreckless€endangerment€charge,€requires€that€the€jury€have€knowledge€of€the€earlierÏSeptember€4€episode.€€A€joint„trial€strategy€may€well€have€accommodated€thisÏdefense€theory€and€will€not€now€be€second„guessed.€€The€fact€that€the€jury€rejectedÏthe€defendantððs€version€is€of€no€consequence.€€Furthermore,€if€defendantððs€counselÏchose€to€posit€a€defense€that€linked€the€two€offenses,€there€can€be€no€prejudiceÏresulting€from€any€failure€to€move€for€a€severance€of€offenses.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€have€previously€observed€that€a€defendant€who€raises€theÏineffective€assistance€issue€on€direct€appeal€does€so€at€his€peril.€òòState€v.€RobertÐ P( #& ÐWayne€Frantzóó,€No.€03C01„9509„CC„00269,€slip€op.€at€16€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð 0*€%( ÐKnoxville,€Feb.€6,€œ1998)ñoñ,ñoñ›€appl.€for€perm.€app.€filed€(Tenn.€April€3,€1998);€€òòState€v.Ð ,`'* ÐJimmy€L.€Sluderóó,€No.€1236,€slip€op.€at€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€May€14,Ð ð-@), Ð1990).€€This€case€illustrates€the€maxim.€€After€raising€the€issue€in€his€motion€for€newÏtrial,€the€defendant€declined€to€offer€proof€at€a€hearing€on€the€motion,€even€thoughÏthe€burden€rests€upon€the€defendant€to€demonstrate€ineffective€assistance€ofÏcounsel.€€The€absence€of€an€evidentiary€hearing€makes€it€ð ðpractically€impossibleððÏto€show€prejudice€necessary€to€making€out€an€ineffective€assistance€claim.€ÏòòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€687;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòKirby€George€Wallace€v.€Stateóó,€No.€01C01„Ð 09€48 Ð9308„CC„00275€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Sept.€15,€1994).€€Although€we€wouldÏhave€preferred€that€the€trial€court€make€specific€findings€about€the€effectiveÏassistance€of€counsel€when€it€overruled€the€motion€for€new€trial,€the€record€is€soÏdevoid€of€any€indication€of€ineffective€assistance€that€a€remand€for€specific€findingsÏof€fact€would€be€pointless.Ìà ` àà ¸ àÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_______________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCURWOOD€WITT,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_______________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_______________________ÌROBERT€W.€WEDEMEYER,€Special€JudgeÌÌà ` àà ¸ à€Ì