ÿWPCF …# VUNa %¯ 0(µbÝw@å4% 9 H 0DP 0l” 0D 0JD 0TŽ 0^â 0h@ 0r¨ 0| 0†– 0 1u¬ 0d! B…U>¢U*àB) DC3 AMvÃv~Ý D3[vÓŽ 0@a AO¡Æð 0D¶ D/ú B)˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLlÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- ÆDÇDÈDÉUÊDËUÌDÍVÎPeÏÓ€Úƒç"3|xÚ(3¯$©©Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌò òOctober€21,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€$ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'` 'ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€#ŠÔÔ€$ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€…TXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òœÙ€€ÙßR€'(&A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌFEBRUARY€SESSION,€1997ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à€€€€)€€€C.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9606„CC„00222Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€)à àó óÌà àà àAppellee,ò òà àà àà à€€€€)€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€)€€€BLOUNT€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€)€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€)€€€HON.€D.€KELLY€THOMAS,€JR.,€ó óÌò òCHRISTOPHER€ALLEN€BERNSTEIN,€€)€€€JUDGE€€€ó óà àÌà àà àà àà àà àò òà à€€€€)ó ó€€€Ìà àà àAppellant.à àà àò òà à€€€€)€€€(RAPE)€Ìó óÌÌÌÓ  ÓÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àòòà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌò òROBERT€M.€COHENà àà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌó óAttorney€at€Law€à àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ303€High€StreetÌMaryville,€TN€37804à àà àò òà àà àTIMOTHY€F.€BEHANÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òà àMICHAEL€L.€FLYNNÌà àà àà àà àà àà àó óà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òà àKIRK€E.€ANDREWS€ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à363€Court€Street€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMaryville,€TN€€37804„5906ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÇò òòòÓ  ÓÔ€$°ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€$ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àThe€Defendant,€Christopher€Allen€Bernstein,€appeals€as€of€right€pursuantÏto€Rule€3€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€The€Blount€CountyÏGrand€Jury€returned€an€indictment€charging€Defendant€with€rape.€€Pursuant€to€aÏplea€agreement,€he€pled€guilty€to€the€charge€and€received€an€agreed€sentenceÏof€eight€(8)€years€as€a€Range€I€Standard€Offender.€€As€part€of€the€pleaÏagreement,€Defendant€was€afforded€a€sentencing€hearing€for€the€trial€court€toÏdetermine€the€manner€of€service€of€the€sentence.€€The€trial€court€orderedÏDefendant€to€serve€the€entire€sentence€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€In€thisÏappeal,€Defendant€raises€two€issues:€€(1)€He€argues€that€the€conviction€shouldÏbe€reversed€and€the€charges€dismissed€because€the€indictment€fails€to€allegeÏthe€mens€rea,€and€(2)€he€argues€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€him€to€serve€hisÏentire€sentence€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€theÏtrial€court.ÌÌà àThe€record€reflects€that€the€Defendant€committed€the€offense€of€rape€on€orÏabout€June€30,€1995.€€He€was€residing€with€his€mother€and€father€at€the€time.€ÏSince€it€is€the€policy€of€this€court€to€not€mention€the€names€of€minor€victims€ofÏsexual€abuse€crimes,€we€will€refer€to€the€victim€as€TH.€€TH€was€thirteen€(13)Íyears€old€at€the€time€of€the€offense€and€had€been€residing€with€her€mother€priorÏto€moving€in€with€the€Defendant€and€his€family.€€Defendant€was€twenty„eightÏ(28)€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€THððs€IQ€had€been€evaluated€as€lowÏas€46€and€experts€had€determined€that€her€mental€age€was€approximately€six€Ïyears€old.€€Defendant€had€known€THððs€family€for€several€years.€€They€beganÏdating€in€May€1995.€€Although€the€Defendant€admitted€that€he€realized€TH€wasÏð ðslowðð€and€was€taking€some€special€academic€classes,€he€claimed€not€to€knowÏthat€she€was€mentally€retarded.€€Due€to€the€fact€that€THððs€mother€did€not€wantÏher€to€reside€at€home,€the€Defendantððs€parents€invited€TH€to€live€with€theÏDefendantððs€family.€€In€approximately€June€of€1995,€Defendant€and€TH€beganÏhaving€sexual€relations€which€included€sexual€intercourse€and€digitalÏpenetration.€€TH€became€pregnant€and€evidently€gave€birth€to€a€child€in€JanuaryÏ1996.€€It€is€not€clear€from€the€record€whether€or€not€Defendant€was€the€father€ofÏthis€child.ÌÌà@ àIòò.€€sufficiency€of€indictmentóóÌÌà àDefendant€argues€that€the€indictment€is€fatally€defective€and€insufficient€forÏfailing€to€allege€any€mens€rea.€€He€relies€upon€a€decision€of€a€panel€of€this€courtÏwhich€held€that€the€indictment€in€that€case€was€invalid€for€failing€to€allege€aÏmens€rea€where€the€defendant€was€charged€and€convicted€of€aggravated€rape.€ÍòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Roger€Dale€Hillóó,€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00267,€Wayne€CountyÏ(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€June€20,€1996),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òògrantedóó€(Tenn.Ï1997).€€ÌÌà àThe€indictment€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€alleges€in€part€that€the€Defendant:ÌÓÓà8 à[O]n€or€about€June,€1995,€in€Blount€County,€Tennessee,€andÏbefore€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€did€unlawfully€sexuallyÏpenetrate€[TH],€knowing€at€the€time€or€having€reason€to€know€atÏthe€time€that€the€said€[TH]€was,€mentally€defective,€mentallyÏincapacitated€or€physically€helpless€in€violation€of€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€ðð€39„13„503,€.€.€.€.ÌÌÓÓà àIt€is€well„settled€that€the€purpose€of€the€indictment€is€to€give€notice€to€theÏdefendant€of€the€crime€he€must€defend€at€trial.€€òòState€v.€Hughesóó,€212€Tenn.€644,Ï647,€371€S.W.2d€445,€447€(1962).€€An€indictment€or€presentment€must€provideÏnotice€of€the€offense€charged,€an€adequate€basis€for€the€entry€of€properÏjudgment€and€suitable€protection€against€double€jeopardy.€€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919ÏS.W.2d€305,€309€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Byrdóó,€820€S.W.2d€739,€741€(Tenn.Ï1991).€€A€lawful€accusation€is€an€essential€jurisdictional€element,€thus,€aÏprosecution€cannot€proceed€without€an€indictment€that€sufficiently€informs€theÏaccused€of€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense.€€òòState€v.€Perkinsonóó,€867ÏS.W.2d€1,€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992);€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€598€S.W.2d€796,€797Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1979).ÌÌà àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„503€states€in€part€that€rape:ÌÓÓà8 àis€the€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€the€defendant€or€ofÏthe€defendant€by€a€victim€accompanied€by€any€of€the€followingÏcircumstances€.€.€.€[that]€defendant€knows€or€has€reason€to€knowÏthat€the€victim€is€mentally€defective,€mentally€incapacitated€orÏphysically€helpless.ÌÌÌÓÓà àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„11„301(c)€states€that€ð ð[i]f€theÏdefinition€of€an€offense€within€this€title€does€not€plainly€dispense€with€a€mentalÏelement,€intent,€knowledge€or€recklessness€suffices€to€establish€the€culpableÏmental€state.ðð€€The€rape€statute€and€applicable€definitions€neither€require€norÏð ðplainly€dispenseðð€with€the€requirement€of€a€culpable€mental€state,€and€thus,€theÏterms€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„11„301(c)€apply.€€In€order€toÏsufficiently€allege€elements€of€the€offense,€the€indictment€must€allege€orÏð ðnecessarily€implyðð€that€the€Defendantððs€sexual€penetration€of€TH€was€doneÏeither€intentionally,€knowingly€or€recklessly.€€ÌÌà àIn€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€538€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€thisÏcourt€found€that€an€indictment€was€not€fatally€detective€if€the€elements€of€theÏoffense€are€necessarily€implied€from€the€allegations€made.€€A€recent€decision€ofÏthis€court€held€that€ð ð[i]f€an€offense€is€alleged€in€such€a€way€that€the€defendantÏcannot€fail€to€be€apprised€of€the€elements€of€the€offense,€the€indictment€isÏsufficient,€notwithstanding€the€fact€that€an€element€may€not€be€specificallyÍalleged.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€John€Haws€Burrellóó,€No.€02C01„9404„CR„00157,€slip€op.Ïat€31,€Anderson€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Feb.€11,€1997)(Rule€11Ïapplication€filed,€April€10,€1997).€€We€hold€that€the€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€of€ð ðknowinglyðð€isÏnecessarily€implied€in€the€language€of€the€indictment€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€byÏthe€allegations€that€Defendant€engaged€in€the€sexual€penetration€of€TH,Ïð ðknowing€at€the€time€or€having€reason€to€know€at€the€time€that€the€said€[TH]Ïwas,€mentally€defective,€mentally€incapacitated,€or€physically€helpless.ðð€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Gussie€Willis€Vannóó,€No.€03C01„9602„CC„00066,€McMinn€CountyÏ(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€June€10,€1997).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àòòII.€€manner€of€service€of€sentenceóóÌÌà àDefendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€sentencing€him€to€serve€hisÏeight„year€sentence€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.€€DefendantÏasserts€that€the€trial€court€should€have€sentenced€Defendant€to€CommunityÏCorrections€or€some€other€type€of€alternative€sentencing.€€When€an€accusedÏchallenges€the€length,€range€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€court€has€aÏduty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€theÏdeterminations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€theÍrecord€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider:€Ï(a)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€theÏpresentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€toÏsentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conductÏinvolved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÏthat€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€ofÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102,€„103€andÏ„210;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencingÏprocedure,€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€andÏproper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principals€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,Ïand€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record,Ïthen€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€aÏdifferent€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).ÌÌà àFrom€our€review€of€the€record,€it€is€apparent€the€trial€court€considered€theÏpurposes€of€the€sentencing€laws,€the€presentence€report,€and€the€exhibits€andÍtestimony€of€the€sentencing€hearing.€€Since€the€Defendant€received€the€minimumÏsentence€of€eight€(8)€years€for€a€conviction€of€rape,€the€trial€court€did€not€addressÏany€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors€as€they€might€pertain€to€the€length€of€theÏsentence.€€ÌÌà àDefendant,€convicted€of€a€Class€B€felony,€is€not€presumed€to€be€aÏfavorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(6).€€The€trial€court€properly€considered€various€mitigating€and€enhancementÏfactors€to€determine€whether€Defendant€was€suitable€for€any€alternativeÏsentencing.€€The€trial€court€found€the€following€mitigating€factors:€€(1)€TheÏDefendant€cooperated€with€the€State,€(2)€this€conviction€was€Defendantððs€firstÏfelony€conviction,€and€(3)€Defendant€pled€guilty.€€ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancement€factors€to€be€applicable€inÏarriving€at€the€appropriate€sentence:€(1)€The€offense€involved€a€victim€and€wasÏcommitted€by€the€Defendant€to€gratify€his€desire€€for€pleasure€or€excitement,€andÏ(2)€the€Defendant€abused€a€position€of€private€trust€(though€it€appears€the€trialÏcourt€placed€little€weight€on€this).€€Furthermore,€in€reviewing€the€sentencingÏconsiderations€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„103,€the€trial€courtÏfound€that€in€this€case€confinement€was€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€theÏseriousness€of€the€offense.€€The€trial€court€specifically€found€that€there€was€noÍevidence€in€the€record€that€there€was€a€need€to€restrain€Defendant€because€ofÏprior€criminal€conduct,€there€was€no€evidence€of€deterrence€to€justify€confinement,Ïand€there€was€no€evidence€that€measures€less€restrictive€than€confinement€hadÏbeen€previous€applied€unsuccessfully.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103.€€ÌÌà àHowever,€the€trial€court€placed€great€weight€upon€the€lack€of€potential€forÏrehabilitation€in€determining€that€the€entire€sentence€should€be€served€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.€€Specifically,€there€was€proof€at€the€sentencingÏhearing€that€following€the€Defendantððs€arrest,€the€victim€was€placed€in€protectiveÏcustody€of€the€Department€of€Human€Services€at€a€facility€in€Knox€County.€ÏSeveral€weeks€later,€the€Defendant€went€to€this€facility€and€was€found€with€theÏvictim€in€a€vehicle€in€the€parking€lot.€€There€was€conflict€in€the€testimony€as€toÏwhy€Defendant€was€there,€but€the€trial€court€found€that€the€Defendant€had€goneÏthere€after€telling€his€father€that€they€were€going€to€Georgia€to€get€married.€€ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€heard€the€testimony€of€the€Defendant,€the€DefendantððsÏmother,€and€the€law€enforcement€officer€who€investigated€the€crime.€€He€alsoÏhad€the€benefit€of€the€pre„sentence€report.€€From€our€review€of€the€entire€record,Ïwe€are€unable€to€hold€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€by€ordering€DefendantÏto€serve€his€entire€sentence€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌà àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÓ  Óà àÇÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€Judge