ÿWPCœ EÅ=¬ðëÜï_ñlýÕ†ÓMMéu;€:mÂ4g×ÅÉN°!5žq6L°ÏFñN>(zØéªŽ¾W-‰žr·;·€=ïùç ÎÍê…-¤Ýa~Ù%þdõ0|T+á¬ké²ÉI[„èâ±¶nüòMæŸ?~0æ-ѯ3Ñ8í#`~͸Çp®ásrÌ[5j ÔxPåJÀ†?•ûÚ¡iL³/¤h⸥Vº³¾MP™/ëD&ËÈ›×ÀšT!,gù£}BþBEã Õ`dÓ÷º9¼]`¿ó,på4vY*ùЉg*Ùv>Œ4!8~›\Ýd)±^2‹„ð¼ðøjá÷ÄÚÝÓ8ì9à±þNQ/–ðaƒ7’a]_™š9ØñšnP D•{ÕWjð˜6dÐ센3«l•hB9±F”Gÿ+'1hcLÔ_AGn‡l ôè:ô¦%ÑÄÓæFûÈ–b#Á\ % N# 0ˆ% U N­ UNû I zQ ÒË z Ò ^ é wõ Æù Æ¿ Æ…ÆK4N%'6E8 m:U@QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQb‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 0ë™™™™ B„„ 0¤¡ D3E D-x 0K¥¥ ASðÆC 0¤  0D­ A«ñ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptšI+â Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5yG*ê:i¢Ø+003|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÆúI Z‹(Times New Roman - ù-(|G2ÿz$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Rå»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôäíò»»Ô d(|3G‘$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Rå»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3G‘$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Rå»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Rå»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Rå»»»ÔÑ8€)XXdì»»d8ÑÔ€¼Rå»»¼RåÔà@ttìàÔ‡îQóRåÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼Rå»îîQó+#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àJuly€25,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X)X»¼RåÔÌò òÔ#†¼Rå»XX)2#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóDERRICK€BRYANTÔ‡X)X»¼RåÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Hamblen€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„CR„073€€€€€€James€Edward€Beckner,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„01835„CCA„MR3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐOct6ober€9,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Derrick€Bryant,€was€convicted€of€first€degree€premeditated€murder.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÐ xÈ  ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).€€The€jury€sentenced€him€to€life€imprisonment€with€the€possibility€of€parole.€Ð d´ ÐIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€(1)€failing€to€suppress€hisÐ P  Ðconfession;€(2)€denying€his€last€requested€continuance;€(3)€accepting€transfer€of€the€case€from€theÐ <Œ Ðjuvenile€court;€and€(4)€excluding€evidence€of€the€victim's€reputation€for€violence.€€The€judgment€ofÐ (x Ðthe€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð d ÐÓÛÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ ì< ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Rå»àX)¨#ÔÔ‡X)X.¼RåÔGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòThomas€T.€Woodallóó€andÐ Ä ÐòòRobert€W.€Wedemeyer,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ° ÐÌD.€Clifton€Barnes,€Morristown,€Tennessee€(on€appeal),€and€Mark€S.€Stapleton,€Rogersville,Ð ˆØ ÐTennessee€(at€trial),€for€the€appellant,€Derrick€Bryant.Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Elizabeth€B.€Marney,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð L œ ÐBerkeley€Bell,€District€Attorney€General;€John€Dugger,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€theÐ 8!ˆ  Ðappellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $"t! ÐÓçÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Rå»XX)#ÔÔ‡X)X»¼RåÔÐ ü#L# ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼Rå»XX) #ÔÔ‡X)X»¼RåÔÓ  Óà  àOn€February€12,€1998,Ô#†¼Rå»XX)p #ÔÔ‡X)X»¼RåÔ€at€approximately€3:30€a.m.,€the€defendant€reported€a€burglary€to€theÐ Ô%$!% ÐHamblen€County€Sheriff's€Department.€€Ô#†¼Rå»XX)ß #ÔÔ€X)X»¼RåÔLieutenant€Mike€Kitts€was€dispatched€to€meet€the€defendantÐ À&"& Ðat€Roe€Junction€Church.€€The€defendant€told€Lieutenant€Kitts€that€while€he€and€his€father€wereÐ ¬'ü"' Ðasleep,€someone€had€broken€into€their€residence.€€The€defendant€stated€that€while€he€had€successfullyÐ ˜(è#( Ðfled€the€residence,€he€feared€for€the€life€of€his€father.€€In€the€residence,€Lieutenant€Kitts€and€anotherÐ „)Ô$) Ðofficer€found€the€body€of€the€victim,€Randall€Bryant,€who€had€been€shot€once€in€the€back€of€the€headÐ p*À%* Ðwhile€sleeping.Ð \+¬&+ Ðâ âÐ H,˜',ý¢ Ðà  àAfter€searching€the€Bryant€home,€Lieutenant€Kitts€took€a€recorded€statement€from€theÐ ° Ðâ âdefendant.€€The€defendant,€who€was€16€years€old€at€the€time,òòóó€told€the€deputy€that€he€and€his€fatherÐ œì Ðwent€to€bed€sometime€between€9:00€and€10:30€p.m.€€He€claimed€that€between€midnight€and€1:30Ð ˆØ Ða.m.,€he€heard€someone€enter€the€house€and€walk€through€all€the€upstairs€rooms.€€The€defendant€saidÐ tÄ Ðthat€when€he€heard€a€gunshot,€he€went€upstairs€and€encountered€the€intruder€"running€through€theÐ `° Ðhall€with€a€black€full€face€ski€mask."€€The€defendant€claimed€that€he€found€the€victim's€cellularÐ L œ Ðphone€and€truck€keys,€ran€outside€to€the€victim's€truck,€and€drove€away.€€He€contended€that€he€wasÐ 8 ˆ Ðchased€by€the€intruder,€who€had€an€automobile.€€The€defendant€told€Lieutenant€Kitts€that€he€eludedÐ $ t Ðhis€pursuer€by€hiding€with€his€headlights€off€on€a€dead„end€street.€€When€the€defendant€telephonedÐ  ` Ðhis€grandmother,€she€instructed€him€to€drive€to€her€residence.€€He€then€contacted€police,€whoÐ ü L  Ðarranged€to€meet€him€at€the€church.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àChief€Deputy€Larry€Samsel,€of€the€Hamblen€County€Sheriff's€Department,€investigated€theÐ À  Ðcrime€scene.€€He€found€a€nine€millimeter€shell€casing€on€the€night€stand€next€to€the€victim's€bed€andÐ ¬ü  Ðfound€a€permit€that€had€been€issued€to€the€victim€for€a€nine€millimeter€handgun€in€the€defendant'sÐ ˜è  Ðbathroom€commode.€€The€permit€had€been€cut€into€small€pieces.€€A€pair€of€scissors€lay€on€a€nearbyÐ „Ô  Ðcounter.€€Deputy€Samsel€located€a€nine€millimeter€bullet€on€a€speaker€in€the€defendant's€bedroom.€Ð pÀ ÐWhile€the€deputy€found€another€of€the€victim's€handguns,€he€was€unable€to€locate€the€nine€millimeterÐ \¬ Ðweapon.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àAfter€he€was€taken€into€custody€and€advised€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rights,€the€defendant€confessedÐ  p Ðto€the€crime€in€a€second€statement€to€police:Ð  \ ÐÌà8  àWhen€[my€girlfriend€and€I]€got€[home]€my€dad€walked€outside.€€My€girlfriend€left.€Ð ä4 ÐMy€dad€told€me€to€get€my€ass€in€the€damn€garage.€€He€started€fussing€and€took€hi[s]Ð Ð  Ðbelt€off€.€.€.€[and]€hit€me€3€or€4€times€on€the€back€of€my€thighs.€€He€told€me€I€stole€hisÐ ¼  Ðtools€and€said€I€was€a€damn€thief,€but€I€didn't€steal€his€tools.€€He€told€me€if€he€caughtÐ ¨ø Ðme€on€the€telephone€he€was€going€to€beat€my€ass.€€I€went€to€my€room€and€shut€theÐ ”ä Ðdoor.€€I€was€pretty€upset.€€About€30€minutes€[passed]€and€he€came€back€down€to€myÐ €Ð Ðroom.€€He€opened€the€door€.€.€.€[and]€said€your€[sic]€getting€another€damn€beating.€Ð l¼ ÐHe€started€hitting€my€back€with€the€buckle€end€of€the€belt.€€He€went€back€upstairs€andÐ X ¨ Ðtold€me€not€to€come€out€of€my€room.€€This€was€about€8:00€or€9:00.€[Later,]€I€wasÐ D!” Ðthirsty€and€wanted€something€to€eat.€€I€went€upstairs€.€.€.€and€dad€was€sitting€in€theÐ 0"€  Ðrecliner.€€He€had€one€of€his€guns€cleaning€it€and€pointed€it€at€me€and€told€me€to€getÐ #l! Ðback€into€my€room.€.€.€.€€I€went€back€to€my€room.€€I€heard€him€later€on€go€to€bed.€€IÐ $X" Ðwent€back€upstairs€to€get€something€to€drink.€€He€wasn't€asleep.€€He€told€me€to€getÐ ô$D # Ðmy€GD€ass€back€into€my€room.€€I€went€back€to€my€room€again.€€I€waited€about€30Ð à%0!$ Ðminutes€until€he€was€asleep€and€went€back€upstairs.€€I€went€to€the€back€right€sideÐ Ì&"% Ðbedroom.€€I€got€a€gun€from€the€gun€rack,€it€was€black,€it€was€bigger€than€a€38,€itÐ ¸'#& Ðwasn't€the€45€caliber.€€Dad€keeps€all€his€guns€loaded,€so€I€didn't€have€to€load€it.€€TheÐ ¤(ô#' Ðgun€was€one€that€had€a€clip€in€it.€€I€went€to€his€bedroom,€the€door€was€shut.€€I€openedÐ )à$( Ðâ âit€quietly.€€The€lights€were€off.€€I€went€on€the€right€side€of€the€bed€.€.€.€and€pointed€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðgun€at€him€but€I€couldn't€shoot€it.€€I€was€nervous,€I€was€so€nervous,€I€was€jerking.€€HeÐ ° Ðwas€snoring€before€I€shot€him.€€I€panicked€and€ran€out€of€the€bedroom.€.€.€.МìÐ Ð  Ðâ âÌà  àAt€trial,€the€defendant€pursued€a€theory€of€diminished€capacity.€€He€testified€that€althoughÐ tÄ Ðhe€was€only€six€when€his€natural€mother€died,€he€recalled€that€the€victim€often€beat€her.€€TheÐ `° Ðdefendant€contended€that€he€was€not€allowed€to€speak€about€his€mother€after€her€death€because€theÐ L œ Ðvictim€"didn't€like€her."€€When€he€did€make€any€reference€to€his€mother,€the€victim€"would€take€aÐ 8 ˆ Ðbelt€and€start€wearing€[him]€out."€€The€defendant€testified€that€during€this€time,€the€victim€"startedÐ $ t Ðdrinking[,]€.€.€.€getting€more€abusive[,]€.€.€.€doing€drugs[,€and]€.€.€.€getting€a€violent€temper."€€HeÐ  ` Ðrecalled€that€in€approximately€1990,€the€victim€began€dating€Susan€Bryant,€who€moved€into€theÐ ü L  Ðhousehold.€€The€defendant€maintained€that€the€victim€was€physically€abusive€towards€Ms.€BryantÐ è 8  Ðand€on€one€occasion€pushed€her€down€the€stairs.€€He€stated€that€when€he€became€old€enough€to€drive,Ð Ô$  ÐMs.€Bryant€helped€him€purchase€a€car.€€The€defendant€remembered€that€on€one€morning,€after€heÐ À  Ðmissed€the€school€bus,€the€victim€first€instructed€him€to€drive€to€school€and€then€changed€his€mindÐ ¬ü  Ðand€said€that€he€would€drive€the€defendant€to€school€on€the€way€to€work.€€The€defendant€testified€thatÐ ˜è  Ðwhen€he€insisted€on€driving€himself€to€school,€the€victim€knocked€out€the€front€passenger€windowÐ „Ô  Ðwith€a€crowbar.€€The€defendant€recalled€that€on€a€separate€occasion,€the€victim€damaged€one€of€theÐ pÀ Ðvehicle's€rear€quarter€panels€with€a€crowbar.Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€claimed€that€he€was€afraid€of€the€victim€and€remembered€that€he€had€seen€theÐ 4„ Ðvictim€use€a€screwdriver€to€stab€a€neighbor€in€the€shoulder.€€He€also€recalled€that€the€victim€had€firedÐ  p Ða€gun€out€of€a€kitchen€window€towards€the€same€neighbor's€residence.€€When€the€defendant€inquiredÐ  \ Ðabout€the€shooting,€the€victim€responded€that€he€was€"going€to€shoot€[the]€power€meter€off€[hisÐ øH Ðneighbor's]€house"€because€he€"was€playing€his€stereo€too€loud."€€The€defendant€remembered€thatÐ ä4 Ðon€another€occasion,€when€he€was€approximately€eleven€years€old,€he€burned€a€hamburger€patty;Ð Ð  Ðafterward,€the€victim€angrily€threw€a€skillet€across€the€kitchen,€splashing€the€defendant€with€greaseÐ ¼  Ðand€leaving€permanent€scars€on€his€chest€and€leg.€€When€15€years€of€age,€the€defendant€reported€toÐ ¨ø Ðthe€police€that€the€victim€was€using€marijuana.€€He€recalled€that€when€the€police€arrived€at€theÐ ”ä Ðresidence,€the€victim€surrendered€his€marijuana€but€was€not€arrested.€€The€defendant€claimed€thatÐ €Ð Ðthe€police€drove€him€to€their€department,€where€he€was€later€picked€up€by€Susan€Bryant.€€TheÐ l¼ Ðdefendant€and€Ms.€Bryant€packed€and€drove€to€North€Carolina.€€Along€the€way,€they€called€theÐ X ¨ Ðvictim,€who€warned€that€he€would€hunt€them€down€and€kill€them€if€they€did€not€return.€€Upon€theirÐ D!” Ðreturn,€he€stayed€for€a€period€of€time€at€the€Youth€Emergency€Shelter€before€moving€back€into€theÐ 0"€  Ðvictim's€residence.€€Although€the€victim€was€ordered€to€undergo€counseling,€he€did€not.€€To€the€bestÐ #l! Ðof€the€defendant's€recollection,€Ms.€Bryant€moved€out€of€the€victim's€home€in€the€late€summer€orÐ $X" Ðearly€fall€of€1996.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€on€the€day€of€the€shooting,€the€victim€accused€him€of€havingÐ Ì&"% Ðstolen€his€tools.€€He€claimed€that€when€he€denied€the€accusation,€the€victim€required€him€to€removeÐ ¸'#& Ðhis€clothing€and€then€"beat"€him€with€a€belt.€€The€defendant€stated€that€afterward,€he€was€sent€to€hisÐ ¤(ô#' Ðroom€and€prohibited€from€speaking€on€the€telephone€or€going€outdoors.€€He€testified€that€later€thatÐ )à$( Ðnight,€he€went€upstairs€to€get€something€to€eat€and€found€the€victim€sitting€in€his€recliner€andÐ |*Ì%) Ðcleaning€a€gun.€€The€defendant€stated€that€the€victim€pointed€the€gun€at€him,€cocked€the€hammer,€andÐ h+¸&* Ðordered€him€to€go€back€downstairs.€€He€stated€that€afterward,€the€victim€turned€off€the€television€andÐ ° Ðretired€to€his€bedroom.€€When€the€defendant€tried€to€go€upstairs€again,€the€victim€again€instructedÐ œì Ðhim€to€return€to€his€room.€€According€to€the€defendant,€he€returned€to€his€room€and,€and€afterÐ ˆØ Ð"thinking€about€all€the€times€that€[the€victim]€was€abusive,"€became€scared,€upset,€frustrated,€andÐ tÄ Ðconfused.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€retrieved€a€Ô_ÔgunÔ_Ô€from€Ô_ÔaÔ_Ô€back€upstairs€bedroom€andÐ `° Ðproceeded€to€the€victim's€bedroom.€€He€described€himself€as€nervous€and€shaky€when€he€initiallyÐ L œ Ðpointed€the€gun€at€the€victim.€€After€pointing€the€gun€at€the€victim€a€second€time,€however,€he€"justÐ 8 ˆ Ðshot€him."Ð $ t ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€claimed€he€was€unaware€that€the€victim€had€a€will.€€HeÐ ü L  Ðdenied€that€the€victim€had€informed€him€that€he€would€receive€everything€under€the€terms€of€the€will.€Ð è 8  ÐHe€also€denied€having€told€one€of€his€teachers€that€he€planned€to€kill€the€victim€in€his€sleep.€€TheÐ Ô$  Ðdefendant€contended€that€he€did€not€know€whether€he€had€told€Dr.€Panella,€a€defense€expert,€that€theÐ À  Ðvictim€had€drunk€two€bottles€of€Everclear€alcohol€and€smoked€marijuana€during€the€evening€priorÐ ¬ü  Ðto€his€death.€€He€acknowledged,€however,€that€the€victim's€toxicology€reports€were€negative€forÐ ˜è  Ðalcohol€and€marijuana.€€When€asked€whether€he€intentionally€pulled€the€trigger€of€the€gun,€theÐ „Ô  Ðdefendant€responded€that€he€"was€nervous,€and€.€.€.€jerked."Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àInitially,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€the€motion€to€suppressÐ H˜ Ðhis€confession.€€He€argues€that€he€is€mentally€retarded€and€that€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€were€not€explainedÐ 4„ Ðto€him€in€language€that€he€could€understand.Ð  p ÐÌà  àAt€the€suppression€hearing,€Lieutenant€Kitts€testified€on€behalf€of€the€state€that€authoritiesÐ øH Ðwere€notified€of€the€crime€by€a€911€call€placed€by€the€defendant.€€He€recalled€that€when€he€and€theÐ ä4 Ðdefendant€arrived€at€the€scene,€the€defendant€remained€outside€while€he€went€into€the€house€toÐ Ð  Ðinvestigate.€€After€about€one„half€hour,€Lieutenant€Kitts€took€a€recorded€statement€from€theÐ ¼  Ðdefendant€and€completed€an€offense€report.€€Because€of€cold€weather,€he€and€the€defendant€sat€in€theÐ ¨ø Ðfront€seat€of€his€cruiser.€€The€statement€and€report€took€approximately€15€to€20€minutes€to€complete.€Ð ”ä ÐAfterward,€Lieutenant€Kitts€returned€to€the€Bryant€residence€for€another€15€to€20€minutes.€Ð €Ð ÐLieutenant€Kitts€testified€that€he€did€not€arrest€the€defendant€or€otherwise€restrain€his€freedom€toÐ l¼ Ðleave€the€scene.€€Before€departing,€he€told€the€defendant,€who€offered€to€"do€anything€to€help,"€thatÐ X ¨ Ðthe€detectives€would€probably€want€to€speak€with€him.€€When€he€offered€the€defendant€a€ride€to€theÐ D!” Ðstation,€the€defendant€accepted.€€Lieutenant€Kitts€transported€the€defendant€to€the€station€and€left€himÐ 0"€  Ðin€a€seat€near€the€door€at€approximately€6:00€a.m.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àMike€Hayes,€a€criminal€investigator€with€the€Hamblen€County€Sheriff's€Department,Ð ô$D # Ðinterviewed€the€defendant€at€approximately€6:55€a.m.€€At€trial,€he€testified€that€he€met€with€theÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant€and€Deputy€Samsel€and€that€prior€to€questioning,€he€read€the€defendant€his€òòMirandaóó€rightsÐ Ì&"% Ðfrom€a€prepared€form.€€The€defendant€acknowledged€that€he€understood€his€rights€and€signed€aÐ ¸'#& Ðwaiver€form.€€When€Detective€Hayes€asked€him€about€the€events€of€the€early€morning,€the€defendantÐ ¤(ô#' Ðinitially€provided€a€statement€similar€in€content€to€that€given€to€Lieutenant€Kitts.€€When€the€detectiveÐ )à$( Ðquestioned€the€details€of€his€account€and€informed€the€defendant€that€officers€had€recovered€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðremnants€of€the€victim's€gun€permit€from€a€commode,€the€defendant€confessed€to€shooting€theÐ h+¸&* Ðvictim.€€Detective€Hayes€testified€that€at€7:38€a.m.,€the€defendant€repeated€his€confession€so€that€heÐ ° Ðcould€reduce€the€statement€to€writing.€€Because€the€defendant€had€difficulty€reading€the€statement,Ð œì Ðthe€detective€read€it€aloud€to€him.€€The€defendant€then€signed€both€pages.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination€by€the€defense,€Detective€Hayes€acknowledged€that€he€had€notÐ `° Ðascertained€whether€the€defendant€could€read€or€write.€€He€admitted€that€since€the€interview€with€Ð L œ Ðthe€defendant,€he€had€added€a€space€for€a€determination€of€literacy€to€his€standard€òòMirandaóó€form.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐHe€testified€that€while€he€was€aware€that€the€defendant€had€trouble€reading€the€written€statement,€heÐ $ t Ðmerely€inferred€that€the€defendant€"couldn't€read€[his]€writing."€€Detective€Hayes€recalled€that€he€wasÐ  ` Ðunsuccessful€in€attempting€to€locate€an€adult€relative€of€the€defendant€prior€to€the€interview.€€HeÐ ü L  Ðknew€that€the€defendant's€mother€had€died€several€years€earlier€and€was,€at€the€time,€unaware€of€theÐ è 8  Ðdefendant's€grandmother.€€While€the€detective€acknowledged€that€he€had€instructed€the€defendantÐ Ô$  Ðthat€he€"needed€to€know€the€truth,"€it€was€his€opinion€that€the€defendant€did€not€fear€him.Ð À  ÐÌà  àRichard€Jones,€a€licensed€psychological€examiner€employed€by€Cherokee€Health€Systems,Ð ˜è  Ðtestified€on€behalf€of€the€defendant.€€He€recalled€that€he€had€previously€evaluated€the€defendant€inÐ „Ô  Ðconnection€with€his€special€education€eligibility€and€status.€€In€October€of€1997,€when€the€defendantÐ pÀ Ðwas€16€years,€eight€months€old,€his€test€scores€indicated€that€he€was€functioning€at€the€level€of€aÐ \¬ Ðseven„€or€eight„year„old€child€in€terms€of€letter€word€identification€and€passage€comprehension.€€HisÐ H˜ Ðbroad€reading€index€showed€skills€in€the€pre„second„€to€third„grade€range.€€Previous€assessments€hadÐ 4„ Ðyielded€similar€results.€€In€1994,€when€the€defendant€was€13€years,€seven€months€of€age,€his€full€scaleÐ  p ÐIQ€was€69,€placing€him€in€the€"mildly€mentally€retarded"€category.€€Dr.€Jones€opined€that€theÐ  \ Ðdefendant€would€not€have€been€able€to€read€and€understand€the€òòMirandaóó€form€and€that€he€would€notÐ øH Ðhave€fully€understood€the€form€as€read€to€him.€€On€cross„examination€by€the€state,€Dr.€JonesÐ ä4 Ðacknowledged€that€the€defendant€would€have€understood€the€statements€he€made€to€Detective€HayesÐ Ð  Ðand€would€also€have€understood€those€statements€when€they€were€read€back€to€him.€€He€admittedÐ ¼  Ðthat€he€was€unaware€that€the€defendant€had€a€driver's€license€and€that€he€had€missed€only€twoÐ ¨ø Ðquestions€on€the€driver's€examination.€€He€also€admitted€that€he€was€unaware€that€the€defendantÐ ”ä Ðrepaired€motorcycles€and€that€he€had€scored€in€the€90òòthóó€percentile€on€four€areas€of€Hamilton€CountyÐ €Ð ÐSchool€Vocational/Technical€Education€testing.Ð l¼ ÐÌÔ‡X)XXX)Ôà  àIn€òòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436€(1966),€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€ruled€thatÐ D!” Ðbefore€a€custodial€interrogation,€police€officers€must€advise€a€defendant€of€the€right€to€remain€silentÐ 0"€  Ðand€the€right€to€counsel.€If€these€warnings€are€not€given,€any€statement€elicited€from€a€defendant€isÐ #l! Ðnot€admissible€in€trial.€€òòDickerson€v.€United€Statesóó,€530€U.S.€428,€444€(2000);€òòStansbury€v.Ð $X" ÐCaliforniaóó,€511€U.S.€318,€322€(1994).€€A€defendant's€rights€to€counsel€and€against€self-incriminationÐ ô$D # Ðmay€be€waived€as€long€as€the€waiver€is€made€"voluntarily,€knowingly,€and€intelligently."€€òòMirandaóó,Ð à%0!$ Ð384€U.S.€at€479;€òòState€v.€Middlebrooksóó,€840€S.W.2d€317,€326€(Tenn.€1992).€€In€order€for€an€accusedÐ Ì&"% Ðto€effect€a€waiver,€he€must€be€adequately€appraised€of€his€right€to€remain€silent€and€the€consequenceÐ ¸'#& Ðof€deciding€to€abandon€it.€€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€544€(Tenn.€1994).€€In€determiningÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwhether€a€confession€was€voluntary€and€knowing,€the€totality€of€the€circumstances€must€beÐ )à$( Ðexamined.€€òòState€v.€Bushóó,€942€S.W.2d€489,€500€(Tenn.€1997).Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àRecently,€in€òòState€v.€Blackstockóó,€Ô#†X)XXX) P#Ô19€S.W.3d€200€(Tenn.€2000),€our€supreme€court€held€thatÐ ° Ða€defendant's€mental€retardation€does€not,€in€and€of€itself,€render€a€statement€unknowing.€€Rather,Ð œì Ðour€high€court€determined€that€mental€retardation€and€other€mental€deficiencies€are€factors€to€beÐ ˆØ Ðconsidered€in€the€totality€of€the€circumstances:Ð tÄ ÐÌà8  àà ` àThe€effect€of€an€accused's€mental€deficiencies€or€retardation€on€the€validityÐ L œ Ðof€his€decision€to€waive€òòMirandaóó€rights€has€been€considered€in€numerous€cases.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐCharles€C.€Marvel,€Annotation,€òòMental€Subnormality€of€Accused€as€AffectingÐ $ t ÐVoluntariness€or€Admissibility€of€Confessionóó,€8€A.L.R.4th€16€(1981€&€Supp.€1999).€Ð  ` ÐMentally€retarded€individuals€present€additional€challenges€for€the€courts€becauseÐ ü L  Ðthey€may€be€less€likely€to€understand€the€implications€of€a€waiver.€€òòUnited€States€v.Ð è 8  ÐMurgasóó,€967€F.€Supp.€695,€706€(N.D.N.Y.€1997).€€As€one€commentator€hasÐ Ô$  Ðsuggested,€the€mentally€retarded€are€"less€likely€to€understand€their€òòMirandaóó€rightsÐ À  Ðand€the€consequences€of€waiving€them,€giving€rise€to€concerns€about€the€knowingÐ ¬ü  Ðintelligence€of€their€waivers."€€€Paul€T.€Hourihan,€òòEarl€Washington's€Confession:€Ð ˜è  ÐMental€Retardation€and€the€Law€of€Confessionsóó,€81€Va.€L.€Rev.€1471,€1492€(1995).Ð„Ô Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àAlthough€there€is€likely€to€be€a€level€of€deficiency€so€great€that€it€renders€aÐ \¬ Ðdefendant€unable€to€make€a€knowing€and€intelligent€waiver,€nearly€every€court€toÐ H˜ Ðconsider€the€issue€has€held€that€mental€impairments€or€mental€retardation€are€factorsÐ 4„ Ðthat€must€be€considered€along€with€the€totality€of€the€circumstances.€€As€one€courtÐ  p Ðhas€said,€"no€single€factor,€such€as€IQ,€is€necessarily€determinative€in€decidingÐ  \ Ðwhether€a€person€was€capable€of€knowingly€and€intelligently€waiving,€and€do€[sic]Ð øH Ðso€waive,€the€constitutional€rights€embraced€in€the€òòMirandaóó€rubric."€€òòFairchild€v.Ð ä4 ÐLockhartóó,€744€F.€Supp.€1429,€1453€(E.D.€Ark.€1989).€€Among€the€circumstancesÐ Ð  Ðcourts€have€considered€are€the€defendant's€age,€background,€level€of€functioning,Ð ¼  Ðreading€and€writing€skills,€prior€experience€with€the€criminal€justice€system,Ð ¨ø Ðdemeanor,€responsiveness€to€questioning,€possible€malingering,€and€the€manner,Ð ”ä Ðdetail,€and€language€in€which€the€òòMirandaóó€rights€are€explained.€.€.€.€Ð€ÐÐ Ð  ÐÌòòId.óóat€208.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àIn€this€instance,€the€trial€court€made€detailed€findings€of€fact:Ð 0"€  ÐÌà8  àà ` àHere€the€defendant€.€.€.€has€tested€both€above€the€retarded€threshold€andÐ $X" Ðslightly€within€it€.€.€.€.€[O]rdinarily€those€testings€are€such€that€a€person€would€be€ableÐ ô$D # Ðto€understand€and€comprehend€things€explained€within€a€waiver€of€rights,€admonitionÐ à%0!$ Ðof€rights€.€.€.€.ÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ ¤(ô#' Ðâ âÐ )à$( Ðà8  àà ` àI€.€.€.€agree€with€[the€district€attorney€general]€that€the€recorded€statement,€theÐ ° Ðlive€voice€of€the€defendant€that€I€heard,€lends€a€lot€of€help€to€me€.€.€.€because€.€.€.€.€€IÐ œì Ðhave€the€defendant's€own€voice,€his€own€thinking.ЈØÐ Ð  Ðâ âÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ `° ÐÌà8  àà ` àThat€he€understood€the€statement€he€signed€is€clear,€because€they€were€hisÐ 8 ˆ Ðwords€back€to€him.€€The€officer€could€not€have€fabricated€all€those€many€details€thatÐ $ t Ðthe€defendant€gave€him;€they€had€to€come€from€the€defendant.€.€.€.Ð `Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àThe€language€.€.€.€in€the€admonition€and€waiver,€is€not€the€best€in€the€world.€€It'sÐ è 8  Ðalways€better€if€an€officer€can€explain€that€to€any€defendant€in€.€.€.€simpler€termsÐ Ô$  Ðrather€than€just€read€it.€€But,€nevertheless,€the€essence€can€easily€be€gained.ÐÀ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àThe€fact€that€the€defendant€has€been€able€to€do€so€many€other€things€ð!ð€If€heÐ ˜è  Ðcan€get€a€driver's€license€and€pass€a€driver's€license€test,€if€he€does€.€.€.€score€very€highÐ „Ô  Ðon€conceptualizing,€visualizing€ð!ð€and€that's€something€that's€often€very€hard€for€mostÐ pÀ Ðof€us€to€see€how€things€go€together,€to€picture€that€before€you€actually€put€themÐ \¬ Ðtogether.€€Those€kinds€of€things€belie€the€conclusion€that€Mr.€Jones€has€reached€.€.€.Ð H˜ Ðalong€with€the€fact€that€if€he€is€retarded,€it's€very€mildly€retarded.Ð4„Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€trial€court€specifically€found€that€the€defendant€was€able€toÐ  \ ÐÌà8  à(1)à0` Ð Ð à"[c]onceptualize€time€without€any€difficulty;"Ðä4` Ð ` Ð  Ðà8  à(2)à0` Ð Ð à"[c]onceptualiz[e]€well€about€relating€sounds€.€.€.€he€hears€to€what€actuallyÐ Ð  Ðhappens;"м ` Ð ` Ð  Ðà8  à(3)à0` Ð Ð à"articulate€and€relate€what€he's€hearing,€even€though€he€doesn't€see€it;"Шø` Ð ` Ð  Ðà8  à(4)à0` Ð Ð à"understand[]€silence;"Дä` Ð ` Ð  Ðà8  à(5)à0` Ð Ð à"reason"€and€"think;"€andЀÐ` Ð ` Ð  Ðà8  à(6)à0` Ð Ð àunderstand€"self„protection."Ðl¼` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌThe€trial€court€further€observed€as€follows:Ð D!” ÐÌà8  àà ` àYou€know€whether€[the€defendant's€statement€to€Lieutenant€Kitts€is]€the€truthÐ #l! Ðor,€as€[the€district€attorney€general]€characterizes€it[,]€.€.€.€a€lie,€those€are€articulate,Ð $X" Ðdetailed€statements€of€a€person€that€can€conceptualize€time€and€space€and€sounds€andÐ ô$D # Ðself€protection€and€things€of€a€relative€high€degree€of€sophistication.Ðà%0!$Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€the€record€supports€the€trial€court's€determination€that€the€defendant's€confessionÐ ¸'#& Ðwas€knowing€and€voluntary.€€Although€testing€has€indicated€that€the€defendant€is€mildly€retarded,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðthe€totality€of€the€circumstances€suggest€that€he€is€able€"to€understand€the€implications€of€a€waiver."€Ð )à$( ÐòòId.óó€€The€presentence€report€indicates€that€he€has€completed€the€eleventh€grade.€€The€defendant€hasÐ |*Ì%) Ðpossessed€a€valid€driver's€license€and€been€employed€as€a€construction€worker.€€The€trial€judge,Ð h+¸&* Ðrelying€on€the€defendant's€own€recorded€voice€and€words,€determined€that€the€defendant€understoodÐ ° Ðthe€statements€that€he€signed.€€It€was€defense€expert€Richard€Jones's€opinion€that€the€defendantÐ œì Ðunderstood€his€own€statements€and€would€have€understood€his€confession€when€read€back€to€him.€Ð ˆØ ÐThe€trial€court€also€found€that€"the€essence€of€[the€òòMirandaóó€rights€read€to€the€defendant€could]€beÐ tÄ Ðeasily€gained."€€In€the€context€of€this€finding,€the€record€also€demonstrates€that€the€defendant€hasÐ `° Ðprevious€experience€with€the€criminal€justice€system.€€In€1997,€two€delinquency€petitions,€oneÐ L œ Ðalleging€underage€consumption€and€driving€under€the€influence,€and€the€other€alleging€stalking€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðtelephone€harassment,€were€filed€against€the€defendant€and€adjudicated.€€In€summary,€the€evidenceÐ $ t Ðdoes€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€court's€determination€that€the€confession€was€knowingly€andÐ  ` Ðvoluntarily€given.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àNext,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€continue€the€trial€date€inÐ Ô$  Ðorder€to€allow€a€psychiatric€evaluation€for€purposes€of€determining€the€viability€of€an€insanityÐ À  Ðdefense€and€his€competency€to€stand€trial.€€In€response,€the€state€contends€that€the€record€on€thisÐ ¬ü  Ðissue€is€inadequate€for€appellate€review.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€defendant€asserts€in€his€brief€that€he€filed€two€motions€seeking€continuance€ofÐ pÀ Ðthe€trial€date,€one€on€October€20,€1998,€and€one€on€November€5,€1998,€neither€motion€is€containedÐ \¬ Ðin€the€record.€€There€are€no€transcripts€of€any€hearings€on€the€motions€and€no€orders€disposing€of€theÐ H˜ Ðmotions.€€Information€contained€in€a€brief€is€not€a€part€of€the€record€on€appeal.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.Ð 4„ ÐMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€783-84€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€It€is€the€duty€of€the€appellant€toÐ  p Ðsupply€an€adequate€record€for€a€determination€on€the€merits;€because€the€record€is€not€adequate€onÐ  \ Ðthis€issue,€the€defendant€cannot€be€granted€relief.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Coolidgeóó,€915€S.W.2d€820,€826€(Tenn.Ð øH ÐCrim.€App.€1995),€òòoverruled€on€other€grounds€byóó€òòState€v.€Troutmanóó,€979€S.W.2d€271€(Tenn.€1998).Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àFurthermore,€the€grant€or€denial€of€a€continuance€motion€rests€within€the€sound€discretionÐ ¼  Ðof€the€trial€court.€€Its€determination€will€not€be€overturned€unless€there€is€a€clear€showing€of€abuseÐ ¨ø Ðof€that€discretion.€€òòWoods€v.€Stateóó,€552€S.W.2d€782€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977);€òòFrazier€v.€Stateóó,€466Ð ”ä ÐS.W.2d€535€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1970).€€When€there€has€been€lack€of€diligence€or€neglect€on€the€partÐ €Ð Ðof€the€moving€party,€the€motion€for€continuance€should€be€overruled.€€òòState€v.€Jeffersonóó,€529€S.W.2dÐ l¼ Ð674€(Tenn.€1975).€€A€reversal€is€warranted€only€when€the€failure€to€continue€results€in€an€unfair€trialÐ X ¨ Ðand€a€different€result€"might€reasonably€have€been€reached€had€there€been€a€different€disposition€ofÐ D!” Ðthe€application€for€a€continuance."€€òòBaxter€v.€Stateóó,€503€S.W.2d€226,€230€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973).Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àThe€record€reflects€that€on€June€8,€1998,€the€defendant,€who€had€been€transferred€fromÐ $X" Ðjuvenile€court,€was€indicted€for€first€degree€premeditated€murder.€€On€June€17,€1998,€along€withÐ ô$D # Ðeight€other€motions,€the€defendant€filed€a€motion€seeking€a€court„ordered€mental€evaluation.€€OnÐ à%0!$ ÐOctober€12,€1998,€the€trial€court€ordered€that€the€defendant€be€transferred€to€Cherokee€Mental€HealthÐ Ì&"% ÐSystem€for€psychiatric€testing€and€evaluation€to€determine€"if€the€defense€of€insanity€can€beÐ ¸'#& Ðsupported;€[the€presence€of]€mental€disease€or€defect;€and,€competency€to€stand€trial."€€Nearly€aÐ ¤(ô#' Ðmonth€later,€on€November€9,€1998,€the€defendant€filed€the€following€"Notice€Pursuant€to€RuleÐ )à$( Ð12.2(b):"Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  àà ` àCOMES€the€Defendant,€ò òDerrick€Bryantó ó,€by€and€through€counsel,€Mark€S.Ð ° ÐStapleton,€and€gives€notice€of€their€intention€to€introduce€expert€testimony€relativeÐ  ð Ðto€the€mental€condition€of€the€Defendant€bearing€upon€the€issue€of€guilt.€€This€noticeÐ ŒÜ Ðfiled€this€day€considering€the€Court,€even€though€a€psychologist€or€psychiatrist€cannotÐ xÈ Ðevaluate€the€Defendant€until€December€2,€1998,€has€indicated€he€is€going€to€trial€onÐ d´ ÐNovember€17€and€18€nevertheless.€€This€issue€was€discussed€with€this€counsel€andÐ P   Ðthe€Court€on€November€5,€1998.Ð< ŒÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€record€indicates€that€the€trial€court€was€responsive€to€the€defendant's€request€for€a€court„Ð  d Ðordered€psychiatric€evaluation.€€There€was€ample€time€for€the€defendant€to€have€obtained€one.€Ð  P  ÐPerhaps€most€telling€in€this€regard€is€the€defense€argument€that€"the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€toÐ ì <  Ðgrant€an€additional€continuance,€òòeven€considering€trial€counsel's€delay€in€obtaining€the€evaluationóó."€Ð Ø(  ÐIn€our€view,€the€record€simply€does€not€support€the€claim€of€an€abuse€of€discretion€by€the€trial€court.€Ð Ä  ÐMoreover,€the€defendant€has€failed€to€show€that€a€different€result€might€reasonably€have€beenÐ °  Ðreached€had€the€trial€date€been€continued.€€Aside€from€general€information€regarding€the€defendant'sÐ œì  ÐIQ€and€his€functioning€on€various€special€education€assessment€tests,€the€record€is€devoid€of€anyÐ ˆØ  Ðspecific€evidence€that€the€defendant€lacked€the€capacity€to€understand€the€nature€and€object€of€theÐ tÄ Ðproceedings€or€was€incapable€of€consulting€with€counsel€and€assisting€in€his€defense.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€Ð `° ÐòòState€v.€Blackóó,€815€S.W.2d€166,€174€(Tenn.€1991).€€To€the€contrary,€the€defendant€provided€clearÐ Lœ Ðand€cogent€trial€testimony€and€by€all€appearances€fully€understood€the€nature€of€the€proceeding€andÐ 8ˆ Ðhis€own€culpability€for€the€offense.€€The€jury,€as€was€its€prerogative,€rejected€the€defense'sÐ $t Ðdiminished€capacity€theory.€€Even€if€this€issue€had€not€been€waived,€the€defendant€would€not€beÐ ` Ðentitled€to€relief.Ð üL ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€accepting€a€transfer€from€juvenileÐ Ô$ Ðcourt.€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€37„1„134€provides€that€after€a€delinquency€petition€isÐ À Ðfiled,€a€child€may€be€treated€as€an€adult€in€criminal€court€under€the€following€conditions:Ð ¬ü ÐÌà8  àà ` à(1)€The€child€was€sixteen€(16)€years€or€more€of€age€at€the€time€of€the€allegedÐ „Ô Ðconduct,€or€the€child€was€less€than€sixteen€(16)€years€of€age€if€such€child€was€chargedÐ pÀ Ðwith€the€offense€of€first€degree€murder,€second€degree€murder,€rape,€aggravated€rape,Ð \ ¬ Ðaggravated€robbery,€especially€aggravated€robbery,€kidnapping,€aggravatedÐ H!˜ Ðkidnapping€or€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€or€an€attempt€to€commit€any€suchÐ 4"„  Ðoffenses.€€The€district€attorney€general€may€not€seek,€nor€may€any€child€transferredÐ  #p! Ðunder€the€provisions€of€this€section€receive,€a€sentence€of€death€for€the€offense€forÐ  $\" Ðwhich€the€child€was€transferred;Ðø$H #Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(2)€A€hearing€on€whether€the€transfer€should€be€made€is€held€in€conformityÐ ä%4!$ Ðwith€ðððð€37-1-124,€37-1-126€and€37-1-127;ÐÐ& "%Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(3)€Reasonable€notice€in€writing€of€the€time,€place€and€purpose€of€the€hearingÐ ¼' #& Ðis€given€to€the€child€and€the€child's€parents,€guardian€or€other€custodian€at€least€threeÐ ¨(ø#' Ð(3)€days€prior€to€the€hearing;€andД)ä$(Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(4)€The€court€finds€that€there€are€reasonable€grounds€to€believe€that:Ѐ*Ð%)Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à(A)€The€child€committed€the€delinquent€act€as€alleged;Ðl+¼&*` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à(B)€The€child€is€not€committable€to€an€institution€for€theÐ ° Ðmentally€retarded€or€mentally€ill;€andМì` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à(C)€The€interests€of€the€community€require€that€the€child€beÐ ˆØ Ðput€under€legal€restraint€or€discipline.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„134(a)€(Supp.€2000).Ð L œ ÐÌà  àAfter€conducting€a€transfer€hearing,€the€juvenile€court€made€the€following€findings:Ð $ t ÐÌà8  àBased€upon€the€evidence€that€was€presented€by€the€[s]tate,€including€introduction€ofÐ ü L  Ðthe€[defendant's]€statement;€the€retrieval€of€the€gun;€proof€that€pieces€of€a€gun€permitÐ è 8  Ðbelonging€to€the€gun€.€.€.€[were]€in€the€commode;€based€upon€all€of€that,€the€[c]ourtÐ Ô$  Ðfinds€that€the€[s]tate€has€submitted€reasonable€grounds€that€the€[defendant]Ð À  Ðcommitted€the€delinquent€act€of€first€degree€homicide.Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌà@{{ìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ „Ô  ÐÌà8  àà ` àThere€has€been€no€proof€that€[the€defendant]€à8@tÐ Ð àis€committable€to€an€institutionÐ \¬ Ðfor€either€the€mentally€retarded€or€the€mentally€ill.€.€.€.€[H]is€performance€is€higherÐ H˜ Ðthan€that€of€one€who€is€classified€as€mildly€mentally€retarded.€.€.€.€€[H]e€has€beenÐ 4„ Ðdescribed€by€one€of€his€teachers€as€being€streetwise€and€knowing€quite€a€few€moreÐ  p Ðthings€than€other€children€his€age€know.Ð \Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àFurther,€the€[defendant],€according€to€the€testimony,€has€excelled€in€autoÐ ä4 Ðmechanics€which€was€a€mainstream€course,€in€that€it€was€a€general€education€course;Ð Ð  Ðand€he€scored€ninety€for€that€semester€in€auto€mechanics.€€He€had€also€beg[u]n€anÐ ¼  Ðagricultural€course€and€had€made€a€type€of€welding€device.ШøÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àThis€was€all€done€during€the€time€that€he€was€in€school,€right€prior€to€thisÐ €Ð Ðoffense€being€committed.€.€.€.Ðl¼Ð Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ D!” ÐÌà8  à[The€defendant]€was€here€twice€during€1997,€and€he€received€what€I€think€mostÐ #l! Ðlaypersons€would€call€great€deals€both€times€.€.€.€.€€The€victim€of€the€stalking€andÐ $X" Ðharassing€petition€did€not€ask€that€[the€defendant]€be€prosecuted€for€that.€€The€victimÐ ô$D # Ðwas€represented€by€her€own€.€.€.€counsel.€€And€through€negotiations€with€[theÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant's]€counsel,€and€his€father,€.€.€.€the€parties€determined€on€their€own€toÐ Ì&"% Ðpresent€to€the€[c]ourt€an€agreed€order€issuing€mutual€restraining€orders€against€eachÐ ¸'#& Ðother.Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  àà ` àMoreover,€he€was€here€recently,€charged€with€driving€under€the€influence€andÐ ° Ðunderage€consumption.€.€.€.€€And€again,€[the€defendant]€was€successful€in€cutting€aÐ œì Ðgreat€deal.€€The€D.U.I.€was€nollied€upon€agreement.€.€.€.€€But€he€was€given€the€benefitÐ ˆØ Ðof€the€doubt€and€placed€on€probation,€indefinitely,€for€underage€consumption€ofÐ tÄ Ðalcohol.€€The€[c]ourt€notes€that€the€terms€of€his€probation€included€the€standard€termsÐ `° Ðof€going€to€school,€obeying€the€authorities,€not€committing€any€other€crimes.ÐL œÐ Ð  ÐÌà@IIìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ $ t ÐÌà8  àà ` àThere€are€reasonable€grounds€to€show€that€the€community€requires€that€theÐ ü L  Ðchild€be€put€under€legal€restraint€or€discipline.Ðè 8 Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àInitially,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€hold€an€acceptance€hearingÐ À  Ðprior€to€his€transfer.€€He€concedes,€however,€that€an€acceptance€hearing€by€the€trial€court€was€notÐ ¬ü  Ðrequired.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Dardenóó,€12€S.W.3d€455,€459€(Tenn.€2000).€€He€also€concedes€that€he€did€notÐ ˜è  Ðfile€a€motion€for€an€acceptance€hearing€on€the€ground€that€the€juvenile€court€judge€was€a€non„lawyer.€Ð „Ô  ÐòòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„159(d).€€In€consequence,€this€issue€does€not€afford€the€defendant€relief.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€asserts€that€"there€was€not€sufficient€information€in€juvenile€court"€toÐ H˜ Ðwarrant€transfer€of€this€case€to€criminal€court.€€We€disagree.€€At€the€time€of€the€transfer,€there€wereÐ 4„ Ðreasonable€grounds€to€believe€that€the€defendant€had€committed€the€alleged€act,€the€premeditatedÐ  p Ðmurder€of€his€father.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37-1-134(4)(A).€€The€state€presented€proof€of,€amongÐ  \ Ðother€things,€the€defendant's€confession€to€police,€the€recovery€of€the€murder€weapon,€and€theÐ øH Ðrecovery€of€the€weapon's€carry€permit€from€the€defendant's€commode.€€There€is€also€a€reasonableÐ ä4 Ðbasis€to€believe€that€the€defendant€is€not€committable€to€an€institution€for€the€mentally€retarded€orÐ Ð  Ðmentally€ill.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„134(4)(B).€€Notwithstanding€the€indications€of€mildÐ ¼  Ðmental€retardation,€the€defendant€has€apparently€lived€a€relatively€normal,€mainstreamed€lifeòòóó.€Ð ¨ø ÐFinally,€given€the€gravity€of€the€offense,€as€well€as€the€defendant's€prior€criminal€history,€there€is€aÐ ”ä Ðreasonable€basis€for€concluding€that€the€defendant€needed€to€be€"put€under€legal€restraint."€Ð €Ð ÐòòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„134(4)(C).€€The€transfer,€in€our€view,€was€appropriate.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€excluding€testimony€concerning€theÐ D!” Ðvictim's€reputation€for€violence.€€He€acknowledges,€however,€that€both€he€and€defense€witness€SusanÐ 0"€  ÐBryant€were€allowed€to€testify€about€the€victim's€history€of€violent€and€aggressive€behavior.€€TheÐ #l! Ðdefendant€does€not€cite€this€court€to€any€excluded€testimony€which€should€have€been€admitted.€€NorÐ $X" Ðdoes€he€provide€this€court€with€any€argument,€authorities,€or€citations€to€the€record.€€As€a€result,€theÐ ô$D # Ðissue€has€been€waived.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€10(b);€òòState€v.€Priceóó,€46€S.W.3d€785,€825€(Tenn.Ð à%0!$ ÐCrim.€App.€2000).Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌÌÐ h+¸&* Їà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE