ÿWPCq0 …U:V % 0 Ü–w@r 4² Æ Õ 0 Ý 0Dý 0JA 0T‹ 0^ß 0h= 0r¥ 0| 0†“ 0 1u© 0d B‚U*ŸB)ÉDCò AM5«‚á-+ D39Ål,1 0@]Îk ý~$v~{'vÓù( AOÌ.Æ/ 0Dá/ D/%0 BT0,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ ƒ„D…U†2e‡Dˆ‰˜U™UšÓ€Ô¡¨ #3|x£(Ð(3ž™$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€ÉýXXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd€-%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ¡Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌNo…vember€3,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAp…pellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó ×Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀÉçXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAlthough€various€testifying€witnesses€were€present€when€the€ongoing€conversationsÏbetween€the€appellant€and€Hensley€occurred,€the€proof€is€totally€void€of€any€evidence€whichÏreflects€the€nature€of€the€conversations€or€whether€they€were€amicable€or€heated€exchanges.Ì !Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀÉçXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAt€trial,€Hensley's€daughter€denied€that€her€father€attempted€to€"French€kiss"€her.Ì'ÿÿdxd »Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀÉçXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€record€indicates€that,€at€the€time€the€first€shot€was€fired,€it€was€very€dark€outside.€€TheÏonly€light€in€the€yard€was€coming€from€two€open€light€bulbs€on€the€front€porch.€€The€appellant€wasÏnot€visible€to€either€his€wife€or€Hensley.Ì "Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀÉçXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€autopsy€report€indicated€the€appellantððs€blood€alcohol€level€was€.18€percent.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ÄÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀÉçXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóOur€current€criminal€code€treats€ð ðself„defenseðð€as€justification€for€conduct€that€otherwiseÏwould€constitute€an€offense.€€Thus,€the€actorððs€conduct€is€ð ðjustifiedðð€or€thought€to€be€right.€€òòSeeóóÏòòmodel€penal€code€óóðð€3.01.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀÉçXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€In€1989,€our€legislature€adopted€a€new€criminal€code,€which,€for€the€first€time,€codified€allÏdefenses€available€to€prosecution.€€òòState€v.€Lathamóó,€910€S.W.2d€892,€895€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1995).€€While€it€created€statutory€defenses,€the€new€code€expressly€abolished€all€common€lawÏdefenses.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„203(e)(2)(1991);€òòsee€alsoóó€€òòLathamóó,€910€S.W.2d€at€896.€ÏBecause€of€its€omission€in€the€criminal€code,€the€"defense€of€habitation,"€òòper€seóó,€is€no€longerÏrecognized€as€a€criminal€defense€in€Tennessee.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„203.Ì óÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀÉçXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóWe€note€that€our€criminal€code€recognizes€the€defense€of€protection€of€property.€€òòSeeóóÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€38„2„102,€ðð€39„11„614(a„c).€€When€read€in€òòpari€materiaóó,€these€two€statutesÏevince€a€clear€legislative€intent€that€deadly€force€is€not€permitted€in€the€defense€of€property.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý›ò òœÙ€€ÙßR€&'%A1-j|` õ `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌà@ àMAY€SESSION,€1997ÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01C01„9607„CC„00292Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àOVERTON€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€LEON€BURNS,€JR.,€JudgeÌMICHAEL€BUELL,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Voluntary€Manslaughter)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)Ìó óÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌò òGREGORY€D.€SMITHó óà àà àò òà àCHARLES€W.€BURSONó óÌContract€Appellate€Defenderà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌOne€Public€Square,€Ste.€321à àÌClarksville,€TN€€37040à àà àà àò òGEORGIA€BLYTHE€FELNERó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌò òART€JOHNSONó óà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï215€Reagan€StreetÌCookeville,€TN€€38501Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àò òà àà àà àWILLIAM€EDWARDÏGIBSONà àà àó óà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òBEN€FANNó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à145€South€Jefferson€AvenueÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCookeville,€TN€€38501ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÌÌÇÓÓ€à@ àòòò òOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€Michael€Buell,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€voluntaryÏmanslaughter.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€sentence€of€four€years€to€be€served€inÏthe€Department€of€Correction.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€raises€two€issues€forÏour€review.€€First,€he€contends€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€instruct€the€jury€onÏaccident,€self„defense,€and€defense€of€a€habitation.€€Second,€the€appellantÏcontends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€grant€an€alternate€sentence.€ÌÌà àAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm.ÌÌÌà@ àò òI.€€Backgroundó óÌÌà àAt€trial,€the€proof€developed€that€the€appellant,€and€the€victim,€BillyÏHensley,€lived€approximately€one€quarter€mile€from€each€other€in€the€HilhamÏcommunity€of€Overton€County.€€They€had€been€friends€for€approximately€twoÏyears.€€Additionally,€both€had€minor€daughters€who€were€friends€and€whoÏvisited€in€each€otherððs€home.€€€On€the€morning€of€May€15,€1994,€Hensley€went€toÏthe€appellant's€home€to€pick€up€his€daughter€and€the€appellant's€two€daughtersÏin€order€that€they€might€attend€church.€€After€church,€the€appellant's€childrenÏvisited€at€Hensley's€home.€€Around€6:15€p.m.,€the€appellant€and€his€wife€droveÍto€Hensley's€residence€to€collect€their€two€daughters.€€€Upon€their€arrival,€theirÏdaughters,€appearing€upset,€came€running€to€their€car.€€The€appellant€went€intoÏHensleyððs€house€where€he€and€the€victim€talked€for€about€five€minutes.€€AfterÏreturning€to€his€car,€he€then€drove€home.€€Within€fifteen€to€twenty€minutes€afterÏthe€appellant€arrived€home,€the€victim€appeared.€€They€spoke€for€approximatelyÏthree€or€four€minutes€and€Hensley€left.€€Approximately€ten€minutes€later,ÏHensley€returned.€€Again,€the€appellant€spoke€with€Hensley€for€about€fiveÏminutes€and,€again,€Hensley€left.× ƒ( ××  ×€€€Hensley€returned€yet€again,€this€timeÏinsisting€that€the€appellant€accompany€him€to€the€Hensley€residence€to€talk€withÏHensleyððs€daughter.€€At€the€Hensley€residence,€Hensley€questioned€hisÏdaughter€as€to€whether€their€neighbor€had€attempted€to€ð ðFrench€kissðð€her€earlierÏthat€day.€€His€daughter€refused€to€discuss€the€incident.€€According€to€theÏappellant,€Hensley€became€aggressive€toward€his€eleven„year„old€daughter,Ïattempting€to€force€her€to€ð ðFrench€kissðð€him.× ƒ) ××  ×€€The€daughter€became€upset€andÏbegan€to€cry.€€In€response€to€this€behavior,€the€appellant€threatened€that€ifÏHensley€did€not€stop,€he€would€report€him€to€the€Department€of€HumanÏServices.€€Disgusted,€the€appellant€walked€home,€where€he€informed€his€wifeÏand€his€two€daughters€that€his€daughters€were€never€to€visit€at€Hensley's€home.€ÌÌà àTwenty€minutes€later,€around€8:30€p.m.,€Hensley€again€traveled€to€theÏappellant's€home.€€Not€wanting€to€talk€further€with€Hensley,€who€wasÏintoxicated,€the€appellant€sent€his€wife€outside€to€ask€Hensley€to€leave.€€HensleyÏinsisted€upon€talking€to€the€appellant€before€he€left€and€began€cursing€theÏappellant's€wife.€€While€his€wife€and€Hensley€continued€arguing,€the€appellantÏappeared€from€a€side€door€of€the€house€and€fired€one€shot€into€the€air€from€a€.30Ïcaliber€lever€action€rifle.× ƒ+ ××  ×€€Hensley€entered€his€vehicle.€€The€appellant€thenÏinstructed€his€wife€to€back€away,€and€within€twenty€seconds€of€his€first€shot,Ïagain€fired€the€rifle.€€The€second€shot€entered€Hensley's€vehicle€through€theÏwindshield,€striking€Hensley€in€the€chest.€€This€wound€was€fatal.€€WhenÏparamedics€arrived€at€the€scene,€they€discovered€Hensley€seated€in€his€vehicle,Ïslumped€over€the€steering€wheel.€€A€pistol€was€located€under€his€right€hip€and€aÏbottle€of€beer€between€his€legs.× ƒ, ××  ×€€In€his€statement€to€sheriffððs€deputies,€theÏappellant€stated,€ð ðHe€just€kept€on€and€on€so€I€shot€up€in€the€air.€€Thatððs€all€IÏmeant€to€do,€just€scare€the€man.€€He€wouldnððt€leave.€.€.€.€When€I€cocked€it€again€IÏtook€it€€„€€I€just€shot,€going€back,€I€just€shot€straight€up€in€the€air€and€cocked€itÏagain€and€I€just€going€to€point€it€at€him€and€scare€him.ððÌÌà àThe€appellant€was€indicted€on€one€count€of€premeditated€first€degreeÏmurder.€€At€trial,€the€appellant€denied€that€he€meant€to€point€the€rifle€at€Hensley.€ÏOn€direct€examination,€he€testified€that,€after€firing€the€first€shot€in€the€air,€theÏvictim€had€gotten€back€into€his€car.€€ð ð.€.€.€€and€he€started€to€get€back€out.€€€AndÏthen€when€he€done€that,€I€levered€the€gun€again€and€was€going€to€bring€it€downÏto€the€ground€and€about€right€in€there€somewhere,€the€gun€went€off.€.€.€.€I€didnððtÏmean€to€shoot€him€.€.€.€;€it€just€accidentally€went€off€.€.€.€.ðð€€From€the€proofÏintroduced€at€trial,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€voluntary€manslaughter.Ì€ÌÌà@ àò òII.€€Jury€Instructionsó óÌÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€instruct€theÏjury€as€to€the€defenses€of€self„defense,€defense€of€habitation,€and€accident.€€AtÏtrial,€the€appellant€requested€that€the€court€charge€the€jury€on€these€defenses.€ÏThe€court€denied€the€appellant's€requests,€finding€that€there€was€no€proofÏoffered€to€raise€self„defense,€defense€of€habitation,€or€accident€as€legitimateÏdefenses€in€this€case.ÌÌà àEvery€defendant€has€the€right€to€have€every€issue€of€fact€raised€by€theÏevidence€and€material€to€his€or€her€defense€submitted€to€the€jury€on€properÍinstructions.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„203(c)€(1991);Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„204(d)€(1991);€òòsee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€889€S.W.2d€225,€229€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1994).€€"[T]o€determine€whether€aÏstatutory€defense€is€fairly€raised€by€the€proof€so€as€to€require€its€submission€toÏthe€jury,€a€court€must,€in€effect,€consider€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÏto€the€defendant,€including€drawing€all€reasonable€inferences€flowing€from€thatÏevidence."€€òòState€v.€Shropshireóó,€874€S.W.2d€634,€639€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).ÌÌò òA.€€Self„Defenseó óÌà àIn€order€to€establish€a€claim€of€self„defense,€a€defendant€must€show€that€Ïthe€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodily€harm€was€imminent€and€impending,Ïmanifested€by€some€words€or€overt€acts€at€the€time€clearly€indicative€of€aÏpresent€purpose€to€do€injury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„611€(1991).× ƒ. ××  ×€€€òòSee€alsoóó€ÏòòState€v.€Ivyóó,€868€S.W.2d€724,€727€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€evidence€in€theÏpresent€case€does€not€raise€an€inference€requiring€an€instruction€on€self„defense.€€There€is€no€proof€that€the€victim€ever€committed€an€assault€against€theÏappellant€or€that€he€intended€to€harm€the€appellant€or€any€family€member.€€TheÏappellant€testified€that€he€was€not€afraid€of€the€victim,€in€fact,€he€and€the€victimÏwere€friends.€Although€a€pistol€was€found€by€the€victimððs€body,€it€was€notÍunusual€for€the€victim€to€have€a€gun€in€his€car,€and€there€is€no€proof€which€evenÏsuggests€that€the€weapon€was€ever€displayed€or€used€in€a€threatening€mannerÏagainst€the€appellant.€€Furthermore,€the€appellant€explained€that€he€fired€theÏrifle€in€order€to€scare€the€victim€into€leaving€his€property.€€Thus,€there€was€noÏerror€in€the€trial€court's€refusal€to€give€such€a€charge.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.ÏJohnsonóó,€No.€œ03C01„ÌÌ9510„CR„00331›€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€Sept.€18,€1996).€€ÌÌò òB.€€Defense€of€HomeÌó óà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€instruct€theÏjury€on€the€defense€of€habitation.€€The€òò1989€criminal€codeóó,€which€was€in€effect€atÏthe€time€of€this€offense,€contains€no€provision€which,€òòper€se,óó€recognizes€theÏð ðdefense€of€a€habitation.ðð× ƒ/ ××  ×€€Our€current€law,€however,€provides€thatÌÓÓà8 à€ð ðAny€person€using€force€intended€or€likely€to€cause€death€orÏserious€bodily€injury€within€their€òòownóó€òòresidenceóó€is€presumed€toÏhave€held€a€reasonable€fear€of€imminent€peril€or€death€or€seriousÏbodily€injury€to€self,€family€or€a€member€of€the€household€whenÏthat€force€is€used€against€another€person,€not€a€member€of€theÏfamily€or€household,€who€unlawfully€and€forcibly€enters€or€hasÏunlawfully€and€forcibly€entered€the€residence,€and€the€personÍusing€the€force€knew€or€had€reason€to€believe€that€an€unlawful€andÏforcible€entry€occurred.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„611(b)Ï(emphasis€added).€ÌÌÓÓClearly,€this€provision€which€simply€extends€the€defense€of€self„defense€into€theÏresidence€with€the€accompanying€presumption€is€inapplicable€because€(1)€noÏevidence€of€an€intent€to€harm€was€established€and€(2)€the€alleged€conductÏoccurred€outside€the€appellantððs€residence.œ× ƒ0 ××  ×›€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òC.€€Accidentó óÌà àAt€trial,€the€appellant€maintained€that€his€act€of€shooting€Hensley€was€anÏaccident.€€He€contends€that€the€shooting€was€unintentional€and€that€he€was€onlyÏattempting€to€shoot€into€the€ground€to€scare€Hensley.€€He€argues€that€ð ð[a]Ïlegitimate€issue€of€ððaccidentðð€was€raised€and€an€instruction€should€have€beenÏgiven€for€the€jury€to€consider€accidental€killing€versus€voluntary€manslaughter.ðð€€€œÌÌÌ›€As€previously€stated,€the€1989€òòcriminal€codeóó€codified€all€defenses€available€toÏprosecution.€€òòSeeóó€òòSupraóó€note€6.€€Unless€a€defense€to€prosecution€is€so€labeled,Ïa€defense€by€prescribed€statutory€language€is€not€a€defense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„11„203(a).€€Our€criminal€code€does€not€recognize€the€defense€ofÍð ðaccident.ððÌÌà àThis€issue€of€ð ðaccidentðð€is€more€properly€addressed€within€our€criminalÏcodeððs€requirement€of€mental€culpability€necessary€to€establish€criminal€liability.€ÏAccidental€is€defined€as€ð ðoccurring€unexpectedly,€unintentionally€or€by€chance.ðð€ÏThe€òòamerican€heritage€dictionary€óó(3d€ed.€1992)òò€.óó€€When€an€accused€argues€thatÏhe€is€not€criminally€liable€for€an€offense€because€it€was€an€accident,€he€is,€inÏeffect,€asserting€that€he€lacked€the€culpable€mental€state€required€for€conviction.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„301(b)€(1991).€€No€person€may€be€convicted€of€anÏoffense€unless€the€culpable€mental€state€is€proven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„201(a)(2)(1991).€€Thus,€the€appellant€was€free€toÏargue€to€the€jury€that€the€shooting€was€an€accident,€i.e.€not€intentional,€and€that,Ïbecause€the€homicide€charged€required€proof€that€the€killing€be€committedÏknowingly€or€intentionally,€he€was€not€guilty.€€This€court,€in€òòState€v.€Phippsóó,€883ÏS.W.2d€138,€142€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€held:ÌÓÓà8 àWhen€the€trial€judge€gives€instructions€that€correctly,€fully,€andÏfairly€set€forth€the€applicable€law,€it€is€not€error€to€refuse€to€give€aÏspecial€requested€instruction.€We€must€review€the€entire€chargeÏand€only€invalidate€it€if,€when€read€as€a€whole,€it€fails€to€fairlyÏsubmit€the€legal€issues€or€misleads€the€jury€as€to€the€applicableÏlaw.ÌÌÌÓÓIn€the€present€case,€the€court€fully€and€accurately€instructed€the€jury€on€theÏelements€of€first€degree€murder€and€on€the€lesser€offenses€of€second€degreeÍmurder,€voluntary€manslaughter,€reckless€homicide,€and€criminally€negligentÏhomicide.€€These€instructions€were€sufficient€to€embrace€the€appellantððsÏargument€that€the€homicide€was€an€accident.€€If€the€jury€had€determined€that€theÏappellant's€conduct€resulted€from€an€accident,€then€the€elements€of€the€crimesÏwith€which€the€appellant€was€charged€would€not€have€been€met,€and€the€juryÏwould€have€returned€a€verdict€of€"not€guilty."€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Jordanóó,€€No.€01C01„9311„CC„00419€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€June€13,€1995),€òòperm.€toÏappeal€deniedóó,€òòconcurring€in€results€onlyóó,€(Tenn.€Feb.€5,€1996).€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.€€ÌÌà àÌà@ àò òIII.€€Denial€of€Alternative€Sentenceó óÌÌà àThe€appellant€also€avers€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€considerÏan€alternative€sentencing€option.€€When€a€defendant€challenges€the€manner€ofÏhis€sentence,€this€court€must€conduct€a€òòde€novoóó€review€with€the€presumptionÏthat€the€determination€made€by€the€trial€court€is€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)(1990).€€This€presumption€only€applies,€however,€if€the€record€showsÏthat€the€trial€court€properly€considered€relevant€sentencing€principles.€€òòState€v.ÏAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€Moreover,€the€burden€is€upon€theÏdefendant€to€show€that€the€sentence€imposed€is€improper.€€SentencingÏCommission€Comments,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401.Ìà à€€€€Ìà àIn€the€present€case,€the€trial€court€denied€alternative€sentencing€basedÏupon€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103€(1990);ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(6)€(1994€Supp.).€€òòSee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,Ï871€S.W.2d€163,€167€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€In€so€ruling,€the€trial€courtÏremarked:ÌÓÓà8 àAgain,€when€we€go€to€the€extent€of€taking€a€weapon,€firing€atÏsomeone,€using€it€in€such€a€way€as€to€cause€likelihood€ofÏsomebody€being€killed€and€say,€well,€it€went€off.€.€.€.€So€peopleÏwho€are€going€to€do€that€must€pay€the€consequences€it€seems€toÏme,€and€because€of€the€òòseriousness€of€this€offenseóó,€the€life€thatÏhas€been€taken€and€the€nature€of€it,€that€I€think€it€would€be€a€properÏsentence€to€impose€Department€of€Corrections€time€to€be€servedÏon€a€four€year€sentence.ÌÌÌÌÓÓA€trial€court's€denial€of€an€alternative€sentence€based€upon€the€"seriousness€ofÏthe€offense"€will€be€upheld€if€there€is€evidence€in€the€record€that€indicates€thatÏthe€circumstances€of€the€offense,€as€committed,€were€especially€violent,Ïhorrifying,€shocking,€reprehensible,€offensive,€or€otherwise€of€an€excessive€orÏexaggerated€degree,€and€the€nature€of€the€offense€outweighs€all€factorsÏfavoring€a€sentence€other€than€confinement.€€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910€S.W.2dÏ448,€454€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995)€(citationsÏomitted).€€The€record€in€this€case€demonstrates€a€basis€for€concluding€that€theÏnature€of€the€offense€as€committed€is€especially€reprehensible€and€offensive.€ÏThe€trial€court€considered€both€the€nature€and€circumstances€surrounding€thisÍoffense€and€the€length€of€the€sentence,€four€years,€in€denying€an€alternativeÏsentence.€€Consideration€of€leniency€in€both€the€verdict€and€the€length€of€theÏsentence€are€proper€considerations€for€finding€confinement€necessary€underÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Bushóó,€No.€01C01„9605„CC„00220€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€June€26,€1997);€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€No.Ï03C01„9404„CR„00139€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€Apr.€6,€1995);€€òòState€v.ÏPerryóó,€No.€89„133„III€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Aug.€29,€1990)€(Dwyer,€J.,Ïconcurring€and€dissenting).€€€€€ÌÌà àThe€presumption€of€suitability€for€alternative€sentencing€has€beenÏovercome€by€proof€to€the€contrary.€€Moreover,€the€appellant€has€failed€toÏdemonstrate€that€the€trial€court's€ruling€denying€an€alternative€sentence€wasÏimproper.€€€Again,€the€trial€court's€ruling€that€confinement€is€necessary€to€avoidÏdepreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offense€is€supported€by€the€record.€ÏAccordingly,€the€trial€court's€denial€of€an€alternative€sentence€is€affirmed.ÌÌà àBased€upon€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€œjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€›Ïaffirmed.€€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€Judge