ÿWPCó lP`ù¿.02¨vnQR1F¼FáÎT.Є+ |á3ªiö“©´Ü¬6[„ °QÆ{!º­ÚUDC¦þ|CŠj·ä£` ¤.±âÐåöØ“š·à®ø,2“µ÷NûÁúA5ÄÉçjí©¦x³¦Ó+ìg9¶Ü¡8?èáA?Ðu8ï˜ÉDŸ²Ä¢ð‡+°•®?7ÉÉùâ²#|Wy9¢‰Ñª¸¢Òßq EŠ‘k[ÍíRíh8ÿëSœuâàž£áîÖž¥}øhAhÌ|ºEŠf/Ì{4™GcƒM!ÄØø³¹ì0WÄÉa%ä,'µ*2%†Ó]Ùá‰*ÊŠÔHè“‚gʸMg ýÌÉoè]:ìÞ/Û`Ô›í4 3ì»B¯ÓŒ´®!ÔêÒ±#^ÜýsžÌì˜1|ÝËk%ϤˆQhÍá%Å)a¼X Þà•ªúƒaN”žg´µ_}ÀPeBË_?ž£VYmÞ7ÌÉ©L}ò‚}4Ru™žþÙžÇgÆ©•Qº¬œ ³tä§+n×BÔ ç{ö97%¾#Y¤se *A†c/6¼ÆÅ1Ê ®`Ê„p›H±G­ïµŽý±&‹×¢Ê¼);ÖO昊޵ãi4ŒšY&k=3ŸÈQáb %\U@b 0Ÿ¢UNA^ w›4Ÿ z³Ò- ÿ  m #Á' Æè Æ® Æt Æ::NE AŸb££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££ 0«««« B­­ 0»Ê D3… D-¸ 0Kåå AS0ƃ 0»I 0D A«H»(ÎáA Z‹(Times New Roman (w×¥$¡¡Ô  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€..ÑÑ8€M»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ýý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularq£†)â •jW)0|¦ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5X[Z‘ I&mage <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK- ù-(“G2Eí$¤¤Ý ƒ×¥!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€Å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô§ò»»Ô d(“3í$££Ý ƒ×¥!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€Å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(“3í$¢¢Ý ƒ×¥!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€Å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ×¥!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€Å»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼Å»»»ÔÑ8€_YXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îÅÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼Å»îî#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€October€17,€2000Ð üL ÐÔ‡X_YX»¼ÅÔÌò òÔ#†¼Å»XX_Y,#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€RONALD€W.€BYRDÔ‡X_YX»¼ÅÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Sullivan€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€S41,685€€€€€€Phyllis€H.€Miller,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„00118„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐDecember€6,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Defendant,€Ronald€W.€Byrd,€was€convicted€of€criminal€trespass,€a€Class€C€misdemeanor.€€In€thisÐ xÈ  Ðappeal€as€of€right,€he€asserts€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€the€conviction.€€We€holdÐ d´ Ðthat€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€conviction,€and€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÐ P  Ðcourt.Ð <Œ ÐÓÅÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed.ó óÐ d ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Å»àX_Y–#ÔÔ‡X_YX.¼ÅÔDavid€H.€Welles,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJohn€Everett€Williams,€J.óó€andÐ ì< ÐòòWilliam€B.€Ô_ÔAcreeÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€Ô_ÔSp.J.Ô_Ôóó,€joined.Ð Ø( ÐÌDonald€E.€Ô_ÔSpurrellÔ_Ô,€Johnson€City,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Ronald€W.€Byrd.Ð ° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€R.€Stephen€Ô_ÔJobeÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ˆØ ÐGreeley€Wells,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Robert€H.€Montgomery,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ tÄ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð `° ÐÓÔÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Å»XX_Y#ÔÔ‡X_YX»¼ÅÔÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼Å»XX_Y@ #ÔÔ‡X_YX»¼ÅÔÓ  Óà  àThe€Defendant€was€charged€with€the€offense€of€aggravated€criminal€trespass,€a€Class€BÐ #`" Ðmisdemeanor.€€After€a€jury€trial,€he€was€found€guilty€of€the€lesser€included€offense€of€criminalÐ ü#L# Ðtrespass,€a€Class€C€misdemeanor.€€He€was€sentenced€to€thirty€days€in€jail€and€received€a€$50.00€fine.Ð è$8 $ ÐÌà  àThe€proof€at€trial€showed€that€on€July€23,€1998,€the€Defendant€telephoned€Senator€FredÐ À&"& ÐThompson's€office€in€Ô_ÔBlountvilleÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€and€he€spoke€with€Kathy€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô,€a€case€worker€withÐ ¬'ü"' ÐSenator€Thompsonððs€office,€regarding€a€grievance€the€Defendant€had€with€the€Department€of€Justice.€Ð ˜(è#( ÐThe€Defendant€informed€Ms.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô€that€he€had€been€a€postal€worker€in€Colorado€and€that€he€wasÐ „)Ô$) Ða€whistle€blower.€€He€further€told€Ms.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô€that€he€had€written€the€Department€of€Justice€a€letterÐ p*À%* Ðseveral€years€earlier,€and€he€wanted€Senator€Thompsonððs€assistance€in€determining€why€he€hadÐ \+¬&+ Ðreceived€no€response.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô€informed€the€Defendant€that€she€would€need€him€to€sign€a€releaseÐ H,˜', Ðso€that€she€could€get€information€about€his€letter€from€the€federal€agency.€€The€Defendant€respondedÐ 4-„(-ý^ ÐÔ_Ôthat€ð ðif€he€wrote€anything€else,€he'd€go€to€the€commode€and€throw€up.€€He€was€tired€of€letterÐ ° Ðwriting.ðð€€The€conversation€took€several€turns,€with€the€Defendant€at€times€becoming€ð ðintimidatingððÐ œì Ðand€telling€Ms.€Tipton€that€he€did€not€care€about€her€rules,€regulations€or€procedures,€while€at€otherÐ ˆØ Ðtimes€being€ð ðcompliant.ðð€€The€conversation€ended€with€the€Defendant€saying€that€he€would€get€Ms.Ð tÄ ÐTipton€whatever€she€needed.Ð `° ÐÌà  àAlthough€Ms.€Tipton€had€not€previously€had€any€contact€with€the€Defendant,€she€had€heardÐ 8 ˆ Ðhis€name€before.€€She€had€received€an€e„mail€from€Senator€Thompson's€Nashville€office€two€daysÐ $ t Ðbefore€which€warned€the€employees€to€contact€someone€immediately€if€the€Defendant€made€anÐ  ` Ðappearance€at€any€of€the€Senatorððs€offices.€€After€she€ended€the€telephone€conversation€with€theÐ ü L  ÐDefendant,€Ms.€Tipton€contacted€Lieutenant€Doug€Brewer€of€the€Tri„Cities€Airport€Public€SafetyÐ è 8  ÐDepartment.€€Senator€Thompsonððs€office€was€located€in€the€Tri„Cities€Airport,€and€Ms.€Tipton€wasÐ Ô$  Ðthe€only€employee€there€that€day.€€She€contacted€Lt.€Brewer€because€she€was€afraid€the€DefendantÐ À  Ðmight€show€up€at€her€office.€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àMs.€Tipton€asked€Lt.€Brewer€for€a€photograph€of€the€Defendant,€which€Lt.€Brewer€was€ableÐ „Ô  Ðto€procure.€€Ms.€Tipton€told€Lt.€Brewer€that€she€was€afraid€of€the€Defendant€and€that€she€did€notÐ pÀ Ðwant€to€meet€with€him.€€As€a€result,€Lt.€Brewer€waited€with€Ms.€Tipton€in€her€office€to€see€if€theÐ \¬ ÐDefendant€would€arrive.€€About€2:30€that€afternoon,€Ms.€Tipton€saw€the€Defendant€coming€downÐ H˜ Ðthe€escalator.€€Lt.€Brewer€left€the€office€to€intercept€the€Defendant,€and€Ms.€Tipton€locked€the€door.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àLt.€Brewer,€who€was€dressed€in€a€police€uniform,€approached€the€Defendant€and€asked€himÐ  \ Ðto€identify€himself,€which€he€did.€€The€Defendant€was€carrying€a€manilla€envelope€packet,€and€heÐ øH Ðtold€Lt.€Brewer€that€he€wanted€to€deliver€the€packet€to€Ms.€Tipton.€€Lt.€Brewer€testified€that€he€toldÐ ä4 Ðthe€Defendant€that€Ms.€Tipton€did€not€want€to€meet€him€and€that€she€was€afraid€of€him,€and€heÐ Ð  Ðoffered€the€Defendant€two€alternatives€to€meeting€with€Ms.€Tipton.€€He€said€that€he€told€theÐ ¼  ÐDefendant€he€would€deliver€the€packet€to€Ms.€Tipton€and€let€the€Defendant€watch€through€the€glassÐ ¨ø Ðwindow,€or€the€Defendant€could€mail€the€packet€to€Ms.€Tipton.€€The€Defendant€refused€to€acceptÐ ”ä Ðeither€option;€he€told€Lt.€Brewer€that€he€wanted€to€exercise€his€constitutional€right€to€speak€to€hisÐ €Ð Ðrepresentative.€€Lt.€Brewer€said€that€he€informed€the€Defendant€that€a€personal€meeting€ð ðwas€notÐ l¼ Ðgoing€to€happen€because€she€was€afraid.ðð€€When€the€Defendant€continued€to€assert€his€desire€to€meetÐ X ¨ ÐMs.€Tipton,€Lt.€Brewer€asked€the€Defendant€to€leave.€€Lt.€Brewer€testified€that€the€Defendant€thenÐ D!” Ðtold€him,€ð ðI€was€violating€his€civil€rights,€[and]€that€he€would€have€me€arrested.ðð€€Lt.€Brewer€againÐ 0"€  Ðasked€the€Defendant€to€leave,€and€the€Defendant€refused.€€At€this€point,€Lt.€Brewer€arrested€theÐ #l! ÐDefendant.€€Lt.€Brewer€said€that€the€Defendant€made€no€attempt€to€leave€prior€to€being€arrested,€andÐ $X" Ðhe€did€not€believe€that€the€Defendant€had€any€intentions€of€leaving€without€personally€delivering€theÐ ô$D # Ðpacket€to€Ms.€Tipton.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€at€trial€on€his€own€behalf.€€For€the€most€part,€he€confirmed€the€eventsÐ ¸'#& Ðdescribed€by€Ms.€Tipton€and€Lt.€Brewer.€€However,€he€claimed€that€while€Lt.€Brewer€informed€himÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthat€Ms.€Tipton€did€not€wish€to€speak€with€him,€Lt.€Brewer€never€told€him€that€Ms.€Tipton€was€afraidÐ )à$( Ðof€him.€€He€said€that€he€had€no€reason€to€believe€Ms.€Tipton€would€be€afraid€of€him.€€The€DefendantÐ |*Ì%) Ðtestified€that€he€felt€he€had€a€right€to€be€in€a€public€place€and€that€he€was€exercising€his€constitutionalÐ h+¸&* Ðright€to€file€a€grievance€with€the€Senatorððs€office.€€He€was€surprised€when€he€was€arrested.€€HeÐ ° Ðtestified€that€he€never€directly€said,€ð ðI'm€not€leaving.ðð€€However,€he€admitted€that€he€would€notÐ œì Ðaccept€any€of€Lt.€Brewer's€options.€€He€asserted€that€it€was€his€right€to€hand„deliver€the€package,€andÐ ˆØ Ðthat€is€what€he€wanted€to€do.Ô#†¼Å»XX_Yž #ÔÔ‡X_YX»¼ÅԀРtÄ ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€Defendant€admitted€that€he€had€been€convicted€of€attemptedÐ L œ Ðaggravated€kidnapping€in€Sullivan€County€four€months€earlier,€although€he€described€the€convictionÐ 8 ˆ Ðas€ð ðrailroading€through€this€politically€charged€case.ðð€€He€also€admitted€that€he€had€contacted€threeÐ $ t Ðdifferent€senators€and€one€congresswoman€in€Colorado€about€his€grievance,€as€well€as€CongressmanÐ  ` ÐJenkinsðð€office€in€Tennessee.€€He€said€that€he€had€received€no€resolution€of€his€problem.€€He€wasÐ ü L  Ðvery€angry€that€he€had€received€no€help€from€these€offices,€and€he€stated,€ð ðI€figured€that€there€hadÐ è 8  Ðto€be€something€going€on€for€people€to€flat€out€deny€that€there€was€something€wrong€with€what€wasÐ Ô$  Ðgoing€on€with€a€whistle€blower€and€a€nonunion€member€who€was€being€rather€shabbily€treated,€likeÐ À  Ðcrimes€and€other€activities.ðð€€He€said€that€he€hoped€Ms.€Tipton€was€a€ð ðdisinterested€partyðð€whoÐ ¬ü  Ðwould€be€interested€in€helping€him.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€Defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€€Ô‡X_YXXX_YÔTennesseeÐ pÀ ÐRule€of€Appellate€Procedure€13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[f]indings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€byÐ \¬ Ðthe€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€theÐ H˜ Ðtrier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€Evidence€is€sufficient€if,€after€reviewing€theÐ 4„ Ðevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€foundÐ  p Ðthe€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,Ð  \ Ð319€(1979).€€In€addition,€because€conviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroys€the€presumption€of€innocenceÐ øH Ðand€imposes€a€presumption€of€guilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€thatÐ ä4 Ðthe€evidence€was€insufficient.€€òòMcBee€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòStateÐ Ð  Ðv.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.Ð ¼  Ð1976),€and€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977));€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,Ð ¨ø Ð914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòHolt€v.€Stateóó,€357€S.W.2d€57,€61€(Tenn.€1962).Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðthe€strongest€legitimateÐ l¼ Ðview€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawnÐ X ¨ Ðtherefrom.ðð€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914€(citing€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ð D!” Ð1978)).€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„weigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below.€€òòEvansóó,€838Ð 0"€  ÐS.W.2d€at€191€(citing€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€836).€€Likewise,€should€the€reviewing€court€findÐ #l! Ðparticular€conflicts€in€the€trial€testimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favor€of€the€jury€verdict€orÐ $X" Ðtrial€court€judgment.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€òòóóÔ#†X_YXXX_Y¹(#Ô€€€Ô#†¼Å»XX_Y¯##ÔÔ‡X_YX»¼ÅÔÐ ô$D # ÐÌà  àFor€the€Defendant€to€be€convicted€of€criminal€trespass,€the€State€had€to€prove€that€theÐ Ì&"% ÐDefendant€entered€or€remained€on€property€knowing€that€he€did€not€have€the€owner's€effectiveÐ ¸'#& Ðconsent€to€do€soÔ#†¼Å»XX_Y 1#ÔÔ‡X_YX»¼ÅÔ.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„405(a).€€Knowledge€that€a€person€does€not€have€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðowner's€effective€consent€to€enter€or€remain€on€property€may€be€inferred€where€notice€againstÐ )à$( Ðentering€or€remaining€is€given€by€ð ð[p]ersonal€communication€to€the€person€by€the€owner€or€byÐ |*Ì%) Ðsomeone€with€apparent€authority€to€act€for€the€owner.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„14„405(a)(1).€€It€is€a€defense€to€theÐ h+¸&* Ðoffense€of€criminal€trespass€if€the€property€was€open€to€the€public€when€the€person€entered€andÐ ° Ðremained,€if€the€personððs€conduct€did€not€substantially€interfere€with€the€ownerððs€use€of€the€property,Ð œì Ðand€if€the€person€immediately€left€the€premises€upon€request.€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„14„405(b).Ð ˆØ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌà  àLooking€at€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€we€conclude€that€a€rationalÐ `° Ðjury€could€have€easily€found€the€existence€of€the€elements€of€criminal€trespass€beyond€a€reasonableÐ L œ Ðdoubt.€€Although€the€Defendant€lawfully€entered€a€public€building,€he€remained€on€the€premises€afterÐ 8 ˆ Ðbeing€told€twice€by€Lt.€Brewer€to€leave.€€Lt.€Brewer,€who€was€a€public€safety€officer€at€the€airportÐ $ t Ðand€who€was€wearing€his€uniform,€had€the€apparent€authority€to€act€on€behalf€of€the€owner€of€theÐ  ` Ðairport.€€Because€the€Defendant€did€not€leave€immediately€upon€request€by€Lt.€Brewer,€the€statutoryÐ ü L  Ðdefense€was€inapplicable.€€Therefore,€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€conviction.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€Ð À  Ðà  à€€€€€€€Ô#†¼Å»XX_Yñ2#ÔÔ€X_YX»¼ÅÔÐ ¬ü  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ˜è  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE