ÿWPCH …# VUNa %¯ 0(µbÝw@å4% 9 H 0JP 0Tš 0^î 0hL 0r´ 0|& 0†¢ 0( 1u¸ 0d- U>‘ U*Ï B)ù DC" AMe² BÂv~ßvÓ] D30 0@c AO£Æò 0D¸ D/ü B+˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- O {P Q DR DS HT UU V DW eX Ó€Ô¡¨ 3|xa 2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌOctober€24,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ŠÔÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€•*XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òœÙ€€ÙßR€#$"A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€IN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌMARCH€SESSION,€1997ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ` °†XDp”XÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9604„CC„00136Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHICKMAN€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€DONALD€P.€HARRIS,€JUDGEÌDAVID€M.€CANTRELL,à àà à)à àó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)à àó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à à(AGGRAVATED€RAPE)ÌÓ ` °œXÓó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌò òJOHN€H.€HENDERSONà àà à€à àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€Ìó óDistrict€Public€Defender€€à àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ407„C€Main€StreetÌP.O.€Box€68à àà àò òà àà àKAREN€M.€YACUZZO€Ìó óFranklin,€TN€37065à àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJOSEPH€D.€BAUGH,€JR.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òRONALD€L.€DAVISó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliamson€County€Courthouse,€Ste.€G„6Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€937€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin,€TN€€37065ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÇò òòòÓ  ÓÔ€ °ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€ ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àThe€Defendant,€David€L.€Cantrell,€appeals€as€of€right€pursuant€to€Rule€3Ïof€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€€€Following€a€jury€trial€in€theÏCircuit€Court€of€Hickman€County,€Defendant€was€convicted€of€four€counts€ofÏaggravated€rape€and€one€count€of€false€imprisonment.€€He€was€sentenced€byÏthe€trial€court€to€serve€forty€(40)€years€for€each€count€of€aggravated€rape€andÏeleven€(11)€months€and€twenty„nine€(29)€days€for€the€false€imprisonmentÏconviction.€€Defendant€was€to€serve€all€sentences€concurrently,€except€for€twoÏof€the€forty€(40)€year€sentences,€resulting€in€a€total€sentence€of€eighty€(80)€years.€ÏDefendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€and€argues€the€eighty€(80)Ïyear€sentence€is€excessive.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@ àI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEÌÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,Ïthe€standard€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÏto€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443ÏU.S.€307,€319€(1979).€€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÍview€of€the€evidence€and€all€inferences€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571ÏS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€theÏpresumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€theÏaccused€has€the€burden€in€this€court€of€illustrating€why€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639ÏS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.Ï1973).ÌÌà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€toÏbe€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,Ï623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó,€òòidóó.€(Tenn.€1987).€€Nor€may€thisÏcourt€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€A€juryÏverdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolvesÏall€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€476.€€ÌÌà àThe€victim,€Eudena€Lovell€Bates,€moved€into€the€Hickman€County€LineÏApartments€in€January€1995.€€Shortly€after€she€moved€into€her€apartment,€she€Ïwas€introduced€to€the€Defendant,€another€tenant€in€the€apartments.€€A€fewÏdays€later,€on€January€15,€the€Defendant€asked€her€out€for€a€drink.€€She€toldÏhim€that€she€was€on€her€way€to€work€and€what€time€she€got€off.€€When€Ms.ÍBates€returned€home,€Defendant€was€waiting.€€When€she€declined€to€go€outÏbecause€she€was€tired,€he€asked€if€she€would€at€least€come€and€meet€some€ofÏhis€friends.€€She€agreed€and€went€to€apartment€number€7€where€she€metÏpersons€named€Steve€and€Connie.€€As€the€Defendant,€Connie€and€Steve€allÏð ðseemed€pretty€litðð€and€wanted€more€beer,€Ms.€Bates€agreed€to€drive€them€intoÏDickson.€€On€their€way€back€to€the€apartments,€they€discussed€watchingÏmovies€at€Defendantððs€apartment.€€ÌÌà àMs.€Bates€followed€Defendant€into€his€apartment,€thinking€Steve€andÏConnie€were€behind€her.€€After€she€realized€she€was€with€only€the€Defendant,Ïhe€€went€to€the€door€and€locked€it.€€She€told€the€Defendant€she€was€tired€andÏwanted€to€go€home€to€her€apartment.€€He€told€her€he€was€Jessie€James€and€toÏð ðgo€for€her€gun.ðð€€When€she€protested,€Defendant€proceeded€to€tell€her€that€noÏone€was€leaving€the€apartment,€and€that€he€had€killed€before€and€would€killÏagain.€€Defendant€then€told€her€that€they€were€going€to€have€sex.€€She€stoodÏup€to€get€away€from€him,€and€he€tried€to€take€off€her€clothes.€€When€sheÏresisted,€he€told€her€he€would€kill€her€and€acted€like€he€was€ð ðgoing€for€aÏweapon.ðð€€While€Ms.€Bates€never€saw€a€weapon,€she€believed€Defendant€toÏhave€one€in€his€jacket€pocket.€€ÌÌà àBefore€her€clothes€were€removed€by€Defendant,€he€forced€her€to€performÏoral€sex€on€him.€€When€she€gagged€and€started€crying,€Defendant€let€her€headÏup€but€then€ripped€her€clothes€off.€€He€told€Ms.€Bates€that€she€was€his€wifeÏand€belonged€to€him.€€After€repeatedly€threatening€and€squeezing€her,€heÏattempted€to€have€sexual€intercourse€and€penetrated€her€vaginally€ð ða€little€bitððÏwith€his€penis.€€Defendant€also€penetrated€her€vaginally€with€his€fingers.€€SheÏagain€resisted€only€to€be€met€with€more€of€Defendantððs€threats€and€force.€€HeÏthen€proceeded€to€perform€oral€sex€on€her.€€ÌÌà àDuring€the€rest€of€the€night,€Defendant€attempted€to€have€sexualÏintercourse€with€her€several€times.€€When€Defendant€finally€appeared€to€haveÏgone€to€sleep,€Ms.€Bates€got€up€to€get€her€clothes€and€escape.€€DefendantÏawoke€so€Ms.€Bates€said€she€had€to€go€to€the€bathroom.€€He€refused€to€let€herÏshut€the€bathroom€door€and€told€her€if€she€told€anyone€what€had€happened€heÏwould€kill€her.€€ÌÌà àDefendant€finally€agreed€to€leave€the€apartment€the€next€morning€withÏMs.€Bates€after€she€promised€to€call€his€boss€to€tell€him€they€had€gotten€marriedÏand€he€would€not€be€there€for€work.€€While€she€drove,€he€directed€her€down€aÏdirt€road€in€order€to€find€a€pay€phone.€€Ms.€Bates€became€scared€and€angrilyÏsaid,€ð ðShoot€me,€I€donððt€care,€but€Iððve€had€enough.ðð€€Defendant€responded,€ð ðF„„„Íyou,€take€me€back.ðð€€They€went€back€to€the€apartment€complex,€andÏDefendant€threatened€her€again.€€She€went€straight€into€her€apartment€andÏlocked€the€doors.€€Ìà àTrisha€Knight€testified€that€early€on€the€morning€of€January€16th,€Ms.ÏBates€arrived€at€her€house.€€The€two€usually€rode€together€to€work.€€On€thatÏmorning,€Knight€noticed€that€the€victim€ð ðdid€not€look€rightðð€and€€ð ð[h]er€face€was€redÏand€puffy€like€sheððd€been€crying,€and€she€was€walking€like€her€stomach€hurtÏher.ðð€€Knight€also€noticed€red€marks€on€the€victimððs€neck.€€When€Knight€noticedÏthat€the€victim€was€not€acting€like€herself,€she€asked€her€what€was€wrong.€€SheÏtold€Knight€that€she€had€been€raped,€but€did€not€give€any€details.€€Knight€toldÏher€to€go€to€the€authorities,€but€she€was€scared€and€did€not€want€to.€€On€theÏfollowing€day,€Ms.€Bates€showed€Knight€bruises€on€her€legs,€breasts,€andÏarms€that€looked€like€markings€made€by€fingers.€€ÌÌà àJohn€Blanks,€an€officer€in€White€Bluff,€testified€that€he€had€been€friendsÏwith€Ms.€Bates€for€the€past€three€years.€€In€January€of€1995,€Ms.€Bates€calledÏhim€and€told€him€she€had€been€raped.€€She€asked€him€to€perform€a€backgroundÏcheck€on€the€Defendant,€and€he€told€her€to€call€the€police€in€Hickman€County.€ÏWhile€Ms.€Bates€was€reluctant€to€complain€to€the€authorities€due€to€DefendantððsÏthreats€and€his€criminal€record,€she€did€show€Officer€Blanks€bruises€the€followingÏday€at€the€police€department.€€ÌÌà àJames€Beasley,€the€manager€of€the€apartments€where€the€victim€resided,Ïtestified€that€on€a€Friday€evening€Ms.€Bates€told€him€she€had€been€raped€.€€HeÏadvised€her€to€notify€the€authorities.€€The€following€morning,€after€Ms.€BatesÏagreed,€he€contacted€Woodrow€Chandler,€a€police€officer€in€Burns,€Tennessee,Ïwho€was€also€involved€with€womenððs€abuse€programs.€€Chandler€talked€withÏMs.€Bates€and€recommended€to€her€that€she€make€a€complaint€to€the€HickmanÏCounty€Sheriffððs€Department.€€Officer€Chandler€saw€bruises€on€the€victimððs€arm.ÌÌà àDwight€England,€Sheriff€of€Hickman€County,€testified€that€in€January€ofÏ1995€he€became€involved€in€an€investigation€involving€Ms.€Bates€andÏDefendant.€€Ms.€Bates€came€to€his€office€and€wanted€to€talk€to€an€officerÏregarding€the€rape.€€He€saw€bruises€on€her€arms€and€legs€and€photographedÏthem.€€At€Sheriff€Englandððs€request,€Jean€Smith,€a€judicial€magistrate€for€HickmanÏCounty,€took€pictures€of€the€bruises€on€Ms.€Batesðð€breasts€and€inner€thighs.€ÏEngland€stated€the€bruises€were€reddish„blue€and€they€were€in€a€pattern€withÏfour€bruises€on€one€side€and€one€bruise€on€the€other.€€The€various€photographsÏidentified€by€the€witnesses€and€showing€bruises€on€the€victim€were€introducedÏinto€evidence€and€passed€to€the€jury.Ìà àÌà àSteve€Shoemaker,€a€friend€of€Defendant€and€resident€at€County€LineÏApartments,€and€Connie€Luttman,€a€friend€of€Shoemaker,€testified€for€theÏdefense€that€on€the€evening€of€January€15,€1995,€they€accompanied€the€victimÏand€Defendant€to€€Dickson.€€After€getting€some€beer,€Shoemaker€asked€theÏvictim€to€bring€them€home.€€Shoemaker€and€Luttman€returned€to€his€apartmentÏwhere€they€talked€until€approximately€3:30€a.m.€€During€that€time,€they€neverÏheard€any€sounds€from€the€Defendantððs€apartment€next€door.€€ShoemakerÏtestified€he€saw€the€Defendant€and€victim€leave€the€apartment€complex€shortlyÏafter€they€let€Shoemaker€and€Luttman€out€of€the€car,€and€he€did€not€see€or€hearÏthe€victimððs€car€return.€€He€looked€outside€about€2:30€a.m.€and€again€at€4:30Ïa.m.,€but€did€not€see€the€victimððs€car€parked€in€the€area.€€Luttman€sawÏDefendant€and€the€victim€standing€outside€the€next€morning.€On€cross„examination,€Shoemaker€admitted€that€he€was€an€alcoholic€and€had€beenÏdrinking€on€that€day.€€The€Defendant€did€not€testify,€and€the€defense€rested.€€ÌÌà àThe€State€called€Roger€Shelby€and€Leon€Smith,€officers€with€the€HickmanÏCounty€Sheriffððs€Department€as€rebuttal€witnesses.€€Their€testimony€impeachedÏcertain€matters€testified€to€by€Shoemaker.ÌÌà àAs€pertinent€to€the€indictment€that€charged€Appellant€with€aggravatedÏrape,€the€statute€defines€that€offense€as€ð ðunlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victimÍby€the€defendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victim€accompanied€by€any€of€theÏfollowing€circumstances:€.€.€.€(2)€the€defendant€causes€bodily€injury€to€the€victim;ððÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„502(a)(2).€€The€Defendant€was€charged€with€four€(4)Ïcounts€of€aggravated€rape,€and€each€count€in€the€indictment€essentially€madeÏthe€same€allegations.€€The€State€elected€to€proceed€under€Count€1€based€uponÏthe€proof€of€Defendant€forcing€the€victim€to€perform€oral€sex,€under€Count€2€uponÏthe€proof€of€digital€penetration,€in€Count€3€on€the€proof€of€the€DefendantÏperforming€oral€sex€upon€the€victim,€and€in€Count€4€on€the€proof€involvingÏvaginal€penetration€with€Defendantððs€penis.ÌÌà àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„501(7)€defines€sexualÏpenetration€as€any€penetration,€however€slight,€and€specifically€includes€penile,Ïdigital,€and€oral€penetration.€€The€definition€of€bodily€injury€includes€bruises.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(2).€€False€imprisonment€is€an€offense€whenÏthe€defendant€ð ðknowingly€removes€or€confines€another€unlawfully€so€as€toÏinterfere€substantially€with€the€otherððs€liberty.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„302(a).€ÏDefendant€admits€in€his€brief€that€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€theÏprosecution€proved€that€Defendant€locked€the€victim€in€his€apartment€against€herÏwill€and€despite€her€vocal€protestations,€€committed€the€acts€of€unlawfulÏpenetration,€refused€to€allow€the€victim€to€leave€the€apartment€during€the€nightÏand€released€her€only€after€they€rode€around€together€in€her€vehicle€the€followingÍmorning,€and€that€the€victim€suffered€bruises€during€the€incident€on€her€legs,Ïbreasts,€and€thighs.€€€ÌÌà àà àHowever,€the€Defendant€argues€that€proof€the€victim€did€not€reportÏthe€incident€for€a€considerable€period€of€time,€never€went€to€a€hospital€for€aÏmedical€examination€until€several€weeks€after€the€incident,€and€that€no€noisesÏwere€heard€by€persons€in€an€adjoining€apartment€on€the€night€of€the€incidentÏshows€that€the€State€did€not€prove€the€Defendantððs€guilt€of€the€offenses€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt.€€He€also€argues€that€the€proof€does€not€support€four€(4)Ïseparate€convictions€of€aggravated€rape.€€In€essence,€the€Defendant€is€askingÏthis€court€to€reweigh€and€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€This€we€cannot€do.€€òòState€v.ÏCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€jury€verdict€of€guilt,€approved€byÏthe€trial€court,€has€accredited€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolved€all€conflicts€inÏfavor€of€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€ÌÌà àFurthermore,€there€was€sufficient€evidence€for€Defendant€to€be€convictedÏof€four€(4)€separate€counts€of€aggravated€rape.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Phillipsóó,€924ÏS.W.2d€662,€665€(Tenn.€1996).€€Finally,€there€was€overwhelming€proof€that€theÏDefendant€confined€the€victim€unlawfully€in€a€manner€to€interfere€substantiallyÏwith€her€liberty€to€support€the€conviction€for€false€imprisonment.€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌà@ àII.€€SENTENCINGÌÌà àFollowing€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€Defendant€toÏserve€forty€(40)€years€for€each€of€the€four€convictions€of€aggravated€rape€as€aÏRange€II€Multiple€Offender.€€He€was€also€sentenced€to€serve€eleven€(11)Ïmonths€and€twenty„nine€(29)€days€for€the€conviction€of€false€imprisonment.€€€TheÏtrial€court€found€that€Defendantððs€prior€conviction€for€second€degree€murder,€aÏClass€A€felony,€justified€Range€II€Multiple€Offender€sentencing€based€upon€theÏClass€A€felony€convictions€of€aggravated€rape,€and€Defendant€does€notÏcontest€€the€Range€II€status€on€appeal.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€ordered€Counts€1€and€2,€which€were€convictions€forÏaggravated€rape,€to€be€served€concurrently€with€each€other.€€The€trial€courtÏordered€Counts€3€and€4,€also€convictions€for€aggravated€rape€to€be€servedÏconcurrently€with€each€other.€€The€sentence€for€false€imprisonment€was€orderedÏto€be€served€concurrently€with€the€sentence€for€aggravated€rape€in€Count€1.€ÏHowever,€the€court€ordered€the€forty€(40)€year€sentences€under€Counts€1€and€2Ïto€be€served€consecutively€to€the€forty€(40)€year€sentences€for€Counts€3€and€4Ïof€the€indictment.€€€The€effective€sentence€was€eighty€(80)€years.€€The€trial€courtÏfound€the€following€enhancement€factors€applied€to€each€of€the€convictions:ÌÓÓÌà8 à1.à8 àThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).ÌÌà8 à2.à8 àThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingnessÏto€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involvingÏrelease€in€the€community.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(8).ÌÌà8 à3.à8 àThe€felony€resulted€in€death€or€bodily€injury€or€involvedÏthe€threat€of€death€or€bodily€injury€to€another€person,Ïand€the€defendant€has€previously€been€convicted€of€aÏfelony€that€resulted€in€death€or€bodily€injury.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(11).ÌÌà8 à4.à8 àThe€felony€was€committed€while€the€defendant€wasÏon€parole€from€a€prior€felony€conviction.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(13).ÌÓÓÌà àThe€trial€court€ordered€consecutive€sentencing€based€upon€a€finding€by€aÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence€that€Defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€ofÏcriminal€activity€is€extensive.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2).ÌÌà àThe€range€of€punishment€for€each€Class€A€felony€conviction€as€a€RangeÏII€Multiple€Offender€is€not€less€than€twenty„five€(25)€nor€more€than€forty€(40)Ïyears.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(b)(1).€€ÌÌà àDefendant€challenges€the€applicability€of€enhancement€factor€numberÏeight€(8),€that€Defendant€had€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€withÍthe€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community,€but€does€notÏdispute€any€of€the€remaining€findings€of€the€trial€court€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€ÏDefendant€does€argue€that€there€was€an€abuse€of€discretion€by€the€trial€court€inÏimposing€an€effective€sentence€of€eighty€(80)€years€and€argues€that€an€effectiveÏsentence€of€substantially€less€than€forty€(40)€years€would€be€more€appropriateÏwith€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€this€particular€case.ÌÌà àThe€record€reflects€that€Defendant€was€released€on€parole€from€theÏsentence€for€a€conviction€of€second€degree€murder€approximately€one€monthÏprior€to€the€commission€of€the€offenses€which€are€involved€in€this€appeal.€€TheÏrecord€also€indicates€that€Defendant€committed€the€offenses€of€DUI€and€leavingÏthe€scene€of€an€accident€while€he€was€on€parole€from€the€second€degreeÏmurder€conviction€on€a€prior€occasion€in€1993.€€His€criminal€record€includesÏconvictions€for€DUI€and€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accident€in€1993,€secondÏdegree€murder€in€1985,€secreting€property€of€another€in€1983,€second€degreeÏburglary€in€1979,€DUI€in€1978,€shooting€into€a€dwelling,€third€degree€burglary,Ïand€petit€larceny€in€1971€€and€an€additional€conviction€of€petit€larceny€in€1967.ÌÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€the€manner€of€serviceÏof€a€sentence,€this€court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€theÏsentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€areÍcorrect.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditionedÏupon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÏsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,Ï823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€If€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€courtÏfollowed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€afterÏhaving€given€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principalsÏset€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€areÏadequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentenceÏeven€if€we€would€have€preferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2dÏ785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).ÌÌà àWe€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€all€four€(4)€enhancement€factors€apply€toÏeach€of€Defendantððs€convictions.€€We€also€agree€that€a€sentence€of€forty€(40)Ïyears€for€each€conviction€of€aggravated€rape,€and€eleven€(11)€months€andÏtwenty„nine€(29)€days€for€the€conviction€of€false€imprisonment€are€appropriateÏsentences.€€We€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€order€that€two€of€the€sentences€forÏaggravated€rape€should€be€served€consecutively.€€The€record€supports€the€trialÏcourtððs€finding€that€the€Defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activityÏis€extensive.€€Furthermore,€we€find€the€proof€establishes€that€consecutiveÏsentencing€as€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€ofÏthe€offenses€which€were€committed€by€Defendant€and€consecutive€sentencingÍis€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€theÏDefendant.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.€1995).€€ÌÌà@ àIII.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€INDICTMENT.ÌÌà àAlthough€not€raised€as€an€issue€by€the€Defendant,€the€State,€in€aÏfootnote€to€its€brief€states€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àAfter€[Defendant]€filed€his€brief,€this€Court€issued€its€opinion€in€òòStateÏv.€Hillóó,€Wayne€County,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00267,€opinionÏfiled€June€20,€1996,€at€Nashville.€€The€State€has€filed€anÏapplication€for€permission€to€appeal€this€Courtððs€ruling€in€this€case.€ÏBut€if€this€Courtððs€decision€in€that€case€is€not€reversed,€it€appearsÏthat€the€rape€convictions€in€this€case€would€be€rendered€void.ÌÌÓÓÌà àEven€if€the€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€must€be€alleged€in€the€indictment,€we€disagree€withÏthe€Stateððs€concession.€€Each€of€the€counts€of€the€indictment€charging€theÏDefendant€with€aggravated€rape€states€in€part€that€the€Defendant€ð ðunlawfullyÏand€feloniously€did€engage€in€sexual€penetration€of€[victim]€by€use€of€force€orÏcoercion,€and€did€cause€bodily€injury€to€the€said€[victim]€in€violation€of€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€Section€39„13„502.ðð€€€ÌÌà àIn€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€538€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€thisÏcourt€held€that€a€failure€to€specifically€allege€an€element€of€a€criminal€offense€isÏnot€fatal€ð ðif€the€elements€are€necessarily€implied€from€the€allegations€made.ðð€€InÏòòState€v.€John€Haws€Burrellóó,€No.€03C01„9404„CR„00157,€Anderson€County,€slip.Ïop.€At€34.€€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Feb.€11,€1997)€(Rule€11€ApplicationÏfiled€April€10,€1997),€(filed€after€the€State€had€filed€its€brief€in€this€case),€this€courtÏheld€ð ðsexual€penetration€by€coercion€.€.€.€necessarily€implies€the€sexualÏpenetration€would€occur€intentionally€or€knowingly€.€.€.€if€one€threatens€a€personÏin€order€to€be€able€to€sexually€penetrate€that€person,€.€.€.€the€penetration€mustÏbe€intentional.ðð€€òòÌÌà àà àóóIn€Defendantððs€case,€the€victim€testified€that€just€prior€to€the€first€actÏof€sexual€penetration,€the€Defendant€told€her€that€he€ð ðhad€killed€before€and€thatÏhe€could€kill€again.ðð€€The€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€was€necessarily€implied€in€the€allegations€ofÏthe€indictment,€which€stated€that€the€sexual€penetration€was€accomplished€byÏforce€or€coercion.ÌÌà àThe€judgments€of€the€trial€court€are€affirmed.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________Ì€JOE€G.€RILEY,€Judge