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S\  `&Times New RomanS7@(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d d>)1dxd'dxd<:zTop of For7B(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?K%2A`Arial?  S\  `&Times New RomanS7@(X75+ ` hp x 5  >)2dxd0KS.SampleKJ<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKJ<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB   35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.<6X9`(Courier New%2A`Arial3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Li)(;3$2#  0  .3  0  SearchTermSR;556SDU_6SR;607(.(3($ !USUS.,      0  (#$  0   dSR;680 0 S($USUS.,    1    _P'XXInhisbrief,theDefendantstatedthataggravatedrobberychargeswereused,however,itappearsthatthe  chargeswereactuallyforaggravatedassault.- - 0#Xd# [ !USUS.,  _XoXXXAXXo^@hh#XoXA\#fXXoINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @%ATJACKSON#XoXf#AXXoԈ #    @  @` November2,2004Session F #XoXAb#AXXo #XoXA ##X0\XXXo=#XoXXX0\AXXoSTATEOFTENNESSEE#XoXA#AXXo#o Az#A oԀv.#XoXA##X0\XXXo/#o XX0\A oԀ_ROMELUS_ԀCARAWAY#o A##X0\X o# XoXXX0\AXXo  f #XoXAy#0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ @@ DirectAppealfromtheCriminalCourtforShelbyCounty 7  @@No.0301611ChrisCraft,Judge ! q @@*AVT) ` dE<` A /  @@TTNo.W200400462CCAR3CDFiledDecember23,_2004_ (  AVT) ` dE<` A      #X0\XXXoZ#TheDefendant,_Romelus_ԀCaraway,wasindictedforfelonyEscape.AShelbyCountyJuryconvicted   theDefendantoftheindictedoffense,andthetrialcourtsentencedtheDefendanttosixyears,after  itdeterminedtheDefendantwasacareeroffender.Onappeal,theDefendantcontendsthatthetrial v courterredwhenitdeniedhimanewtrialbecause:(1)theindictmentagainsttheDefendantwas _ fatallydefectiveandthetrialcourtallowedtheStatetousethisdefectiveindictmenttoprove H essentialelementsoftheoffenseforwhichhewascharged;and(2)theevidenceisinsufficientto 1 sustainhisconviction.Findingnoreversibleerror,weaffirmthetrialcourtsjudgment. j XoXXX0\c Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCriminalCourtAffirmed  <   RobertW._Wedemeyer_,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichJerryL.Smith#X0\XXo#XoXX0\and#X0\XXo7#XoXX0\_J.C._  _McLin_,JJ.,joined.  #X0\XXXo#PaulK._Guibao_Ԁ(onappeal)andJosephS._Ozment_Ԁ(attrial),Memphis,Tennessee,fortheappellant, z _Romelus_ԀCaraway.XoXXX0\ c PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;DavidH._Findley_,AssistantAttorneyGeneral; 5!  #X0\XXXo1#XoXXX0\WilliamL.Gibbons,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andSteveJones,AssistantDistrictAttorney "n! General,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. #W" @@OO& OPINION  $) $   #X0\XXXo! #@& I.Facts %!%    InJanuary2003,theDefendantwasindictedforfelonyEscape.TheDefendantwas '"' convictedofthisoffensebyaShelbyCountyJury,andhewassentencedtosixyears,asacareer (#( offender.ThefollowingevidencewaspresentedattheDefendantstrial. i)$)   Phyllis_Sheppard_,thecriminalcourtscoordinatorandkeeperofrecordsforthetendivisions ;+&+ inShelbyCounty,testifiedthat,onJune30,2002,theDefendantwasinthecustodyoftheShelby $,t', CountySheriffsDepartmentforaggravatedassaultcharges.Shesaidthataggravatedassaulthas  -](- differentclasses,buteachclassisafelony.ShetestifiedthattheDefendantwasplacedincustody -F). ^ ^80\XXdd8[ ^  _onMay29,2002,afterhewasarrestedbycapiasforfailingtoappearincourtforaggravatedassault  chargesonindictmentnumbers0104636,0104633,and0104635.Shesaidthatthe system  keepstrackofpeoplearrestedbyissuingarecordsandidentification( RandI)number,assigned  bytheSheriffsDepartment.ShetestifiedthattheRandInumberisbaseduponfingerprints,sothat k evenifapersonisarrestedseveraltimes,orusesadifferentname,thecaseswillbeassignedbythe T RandInumberoftheperson. =    Oncrossexamination,SheppardtestifiedthatacapiasisawarrantthatorderstheSheriffs  _ Departmenttoplaceapersonincustodybecausethatpersonhasbeensummonedtocourtanddid  H notappear,resultinginabondforfeiture.Shesaidthat,besidestheRandInumber,abooking  1  numberisalsoassignedtoeachdefendantandthatnumberreflectsthedayapersonisarrested.She    testifiedthattheinitialbookingnumberontheaggravatedassaultchargewas00156918,whichwas   thebookingnumberforindictmentnumbers0104636,0104633,and0104635.Shesaidthatall   threeaggravatedassaultindictmentsresultedinatrialwiththejuryreturningaverdictofnotguilty   onJanuary17,2003. n    Onredirectexamination,SheppardtestifiedthattheDefendantwouldhavereceivedanew @ bookingnumberwhenhewasarrestedforthesecondtimeontheaggravatedassaultcharges.She )y saidthatwhenacapiasisissued,thedefendantdoesnothaveachoiceastowhetherornotheis b goingtobearrestedandplacedincustody,regardlessofwhatthedefendantbelievestheoutcome K willbeattrial.Shetestifiedthattheoutcomeofatrialhasnorelationtothevalidityofaperson 4 beingtakenintocustody.ShesaidthattheDefendantstrialonJanuary17,2003,resultedina  misdemeanorvandalismconviction.    BettieLee,aregisterednurseattheRegionalMedicalCenter( Med),testifiedthatshewas  ondutyinthedetentionwardonJune30,2002.Shesaidthatthedetentionwardhousestheill q inmatesthatareincustody.Shetestifiedthateachroomhasalockandthedoorsarekeptlocked Z whiletheprisonersareintheroom.Leeexplainedthatonlylawenforcementofficershaveaccess C tothe buzzerthatunlocksthedoors.Shesaidthatthewindowsintheroomsareguardedwith ,|  wiresallaroundthewindow.Leetestifiedthat,duringhershiftonJune30,2002,oneofthe e prisonerswhowasapatientintheMed,escaped.Shesaidthatthisprisonerwasinasingleroom N thathadonlyonebed.Further,becausehewasbeingtreatedfortuberculosis,hewasinanegative  7 pressureroom,whichisaspecialroomforpersonswithairborneinfections. !     LeetestifiedthattheinmatewhoescapedwasRomelusCaraway,andsheidentifiedhimas #" theDefendantincourt.Leesaidthatanofficerhastoopenthedoorforhertoenteraroom,butshe $# sawtheDefendantthroughhisdoorsviewholeatapproximately8:50p.m.whenshebegan t% $ dispensingmedication.ShesaidthatwhensheenteredtheDefendantsroom,atapproximately9:50 ]&!% p.m.togivehimhismedication,shediscoveredthattheDefendantwasgone.Shetestifiedthatthe F'"& windowsintheDefendantsroomwereopenandthebedwaspulledagainstthewindow.Lee /(#' explainedthatalloftheglassfromthewindowswasbrokenandremovedandthereweresheets )h$( rolledupthatlooked likearopehangingoutthewindow...neartheground. *Q%)   Oncrossexamination,Leetestifiedthat,onJune30,2002,theDefendanthadbeeninthe +#'+ Medforafewdays,butshedidnotrememberexactlyhowlong.Shesaidthatshedidnotseethe  Defendantleavetheroom.Shetestifiedthattheofficerattheguardstationcouldseeherenterand  exiteachroom.Shesaidthatshecouldnotseethejailwarddoorfrominsidetheroom.    Onredirectexamination,Leetestifiedthat,atthetimethattheDefendantescaped,the T prisonersintheMedwerenothandcuffedorshackled.Shesaidthat,sincetheincident,the =  prisonersarerestrained. & v   RichardBlair,adeputysheriff,testifiedthathewasondutyattheMedonJune30,2002,  H andassignedtowatchovertheinmateshousedthere.HesaidthattheinmatesattheMedareinthe  1  custodyoftheShelbyCountySheriffsOfficeandarenotfreetoleave.Hetestifiedthatthe    prisonersintheMedareinasecuredroom,andtheofficersgivenursesordoctorsaccesstothe   room.Blairtestifiedthat,onJune30,2002,theDefendantescaped,andheidentifiedtheDefendant   inthecourtroom.Hesaidthat,aftertheDefendanthadreceivedtreatment,hewastoreturntothe   jail.TheDeputysaidthat,whenheandthenurseweregoingintotheDefendantsroom,andthe n  Deputywentto buzztoletherin,thenursesaidthattheDefendantwasgone.DeputyBlair W  testifiedthathewentdownthehallandsawthatthewindowwasopenandthatthereweresheets @ andothermaterialshangingoutthewindow.Hesaidthat,upondiscoveringthattheDefendantwas )y gone,henotifiedhisfieldcommanderandcalledMedsecurity. b   Oncrossexamination,DeputyBlairtestifiedthatitisstandardproceduretoalwayshavetwo 4 guardspresent.Hesaidthat,accordingtoprocedure,oneguarddoesnotleaveuntilthereplacement  guardarrives,but,onthatevening,procedurewasnotfollowedbecausetheotherofficerleftaround  9:00p.m.TheDeputytestifiedthattheofficersdidnotallowtheinmatestohavetape,extragowns,  orextrabedsheetsintheirroomsandeachinmateusuallyhadoneortwosheetsontheirbed.  DeputyBlairtestifiedthatextralinensandtapewerekeptatthenursesstation,towhichhehad q access.Hesaidthatitistheofficersandnursesresponsibilitytoensurethatnothingextraisinthe Z roomwhenthenurseleaves.Hetestifiedthathehasneverhelpedaprisonerescape.Onredirect C examination,DeputyBlairtestifiedthattheDefendantdidnotpayhimtolethimescape. ,|   ChristopherVaden,anofficerwiththeMemphisPoliceDepartment,testifiedthat,onJuly N 1,2002,hewasinvolvedintheDefendantsarrestforescape.Hesaidthatheandotherofficers  7 receivedacalltoaShelbyCountyaddressaboutapersonthathadescapedfromjail,andhewent !   tothataddress.HetestifiedthatanotherofficersawtheDefendantinsideandyelledtohim,which " ! causedtheDefendanttotrytoexitthroughthesidedoorwhereOfficerVadenwaslocated.Officer #" VadentestifiedthattheDefendantopenedthesidedoor,andsawhim,andthenwentbackintothe $# house.TheOfficersaidthattheDefendantthenproceededtorunoutthefrontdoor,whereanother t% $ officerwaslocated.HesaidthatheandtheotherofficerchasedtheDefendantonfootand,after ]&!% theycapturedhim,theytookhimtotheMed. F'"&   TheDefendanttestifiedthathewasintheprisonwardattheMedonJune30,2002.Hesaid )h$( thathebrokethewindowinhisroomandthatDeputyBlairgavehimthetape.Hetestifiedthathe *Q%) paidBlairtohelphimescape,butthatBlairtoldhimtomakeitlooklikeheescapedthroughthe *:&* window.HesaidthatBlairgavehim scrubsandwalkedhimtotheelevatorand,whileonthe +#'+ elevator,hetookoffhisgownandputonthescrubsandthenwalkedoutofthebuilding.    Oncrossexamination,theDefendanttestifiedthathewasincustodyandbeingtreatedfor  tuberculosiswhenhelefttheMed.Onredirectexamination,theDefendanttestifiedthathewas k  releasedbyDeputyBlair.Onrecrossexamination,theDefendanttestifiedthatheranfromthe T policewhentheyweretryingtoarresthim,afterhe lefttheMed. =   X0\XXX0\@$II.Analysis  _ #X0\XXX0\J#   Onappeal,theDefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredinthreeregards.First,heasserts  3  thattheindictmentagainsttheDefendantwasdefectivebecauseitdidnotstatethespecificcharge    oftheunderlyingfelony,whichisnecessarytoprovetheoffenseofescape.Second,hecontends   thatthetrialcourtimproperlyallowedtheStatetouseunrelatedcriminalchargestoprovethe   elementsofescape.Finally,theDefendantassertsthattheevidenceisinsufficienttosustainhis   convictionforescape.X0\XXX0\ p  @# A.Indictment B  #X0\XXX0\M#XoXXX0\  TheDefendantallegesthathisindictmentwasdefectivebecauseitfailedtoallegethe f specificchargenecessarytoestablishlawfulcustodytoprovetheoffenseofescape.Specifically, O theDefendantassertsthat,althoughhewasinlawfulcustodyofShelbyCountypendingaggravated 8 assaultcharges,theindictmentwasbaseduponchargesofaggravatedkidnappingandaggravated ! assaultlinkedtoadifferentbookingnumber.Asaresult,theDefendantcontends,hewasnoton   noticeofthespecificchargesusedtoestablishlawfulcustody.Further,inarelatedissue,heasserts  thatthetrialcourterredinallowingtheStatetousecriminalchargesthatwerenotrelatedtothe  indictmenttoprovetheessentialelementsofescape. u   TheDefendantsindictmentreads: G 8      8  THEGRANDJURORSoftheStateofTennessee,dulyselected,empaneled,sworn i andchargedtoinquireforthebodyofthecountyofShelby,Tennessee,upontheir  R oathpresentthat: ;   8   `     h ROMELUSCARAWAY !$    8  onJune20,2003inShelbyCounty,Tennessee,andbeforethefindingofthis " ! indictment,didunlawfullyandknowinglyescapefromtheShelbyCountyJailby #" leavingtemporarycustodyattheRegionalMedicalCenterlocatedinShelbyCounty, $# Tennessee,havingbeenlawfullyheldthereawaitingtrialforthefelonychargesof x% $ AggravatedKidnappingandAggravatedAssault,inviolationofT.C.A.3916605, a&!% againstthepeaceanddignityoftheStateofTennessee. J'"&   TheDefendantcontendsthatthisindictmentwasfatallydefectivebecauseitwasvaguein_stating )l$( whatspecificfelonychargeforwhichhewasbeingheld,whichtheDefendantcontendsisnecessary *U%) toprovetheoffenseoffelonyEscape.Generally,defensesbaseduponadefectiveindictmentmust *>&* bepresentedpriortotrial.Tenn.R._Crim_.P.12(b)(2).Rule12(b)(2)providesasfollows: +''+ Ї8  (b)PretrialMotions.!Anydefense,objection,orrequestwhichiscapableof  determinationwithoutthetrialofthegeneralissuemayberaisedbeforetrialby  motion.Motionsmaybewrittenororalatthediscretionofthejudge.Thefollowing  mustberaisedpriortotrial:k   8  (2)Defensesandobjectionsbasedondefectsintheindictment,presentmentor T information(otherthanthatitfailstoshowjurisdictioninthecourtortochargean =  offensewhichobjectionsshallbenoticedbythecourtatanytimeduringthe & v pendencyoftheproceedings).8   _ Accordingly,theDefendanthaswaivedthisissue.However,intheinterestofjustice,wewill  1  proceedtodealwiththisissueonthemerits.      TheTennesseeSupremeCourthasheldthat,forconstitutionalpurposes, anindictmentis   validifitprovidessufficientinformation:(1)toenabletheaccusedtoknowtheaccusationtowhich   answerisrequired;(2)tofurnishthecourtadequatebasisfortheentryofaproperjudgment;and n  (3)toprotecttheaccusedfromdoublejeopardy.Statev.Hill,954S.W.2d725,727(Tenn.1997). W  Further,theindictmentmustmeetthestatutoryrequirementsofTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection @ 4013102,whichprovides: )y 8  Theindictmentmuststatethefactsconstitutingtheoffenseinordinaryandconcise K language,withoutprolixityorrepetition,insuchamannerastoenableapersonof 4 commonunderstandingtoknowwhatisintended,andwiththatdegreeofcertainty,  whichwillenablethecourt,onconviction,topronouncetheproperjudgment;and  innocasearesuchwordsas forceandarmsor contrarytotheformofthestatute  necessary.   #X0\XXXoiN#InHill,ourSupremeCourtconcludedthat,althoughthe_scienter_Ԁrequirementwasnotstatedinthe Z % O %Oaindictment,theindictmentwasvalid,baseduponit:(1)satisfyingthethreeaforementioned C constitutionalrequirements;(2)complyingwiththenoticerequirementsofTennesseeCode ,| Annotatedsection4013202;and(3)% P %PbԀprovidingabasisforlogicallyinferringthementalelement e ofthecrimecharged.Id.at72627.TheHillCourtstressedthatindictments% R %RcԀshouldbescrutinized N fromthevantagepointof commonsenseandrightreasonratherthanfromthenarrowstandpoint  7 of...technicalityorhairsplittingfaultfinding.Id.at728(quotingUnitedStatesv._Purvis_,580 !   F.2d853,857(5thCir.1978)).SinceHill,theCourthasoftenrepeateditsintentiontorelax " !  commonlawpleadingrequirementsanditsreluctancetoelevateformoversubstancewhen #" evaluatingthesufficiencyofindictments% W %W9f.Seee.g.,Statev._Hammonds_,30S.W.3d294,300(Tenn. $# 2000).In_Hammonds_,theCourtsaid, Indeed,Hillanditsprogenyleavelittledoubtthat t% $ indictmentswhichachievetheoverridingpurposeofnoticetotheaccusedwillbeconsidered ]&!% sufficienttosatisfybothconstitutionalandstatutoryrequirements.Id.;seeStatev.Sledge,15 F'"& S.W.3d93,94(Tenn.2000);_Crittenden_Ԁv.State,978S.W.2d929,931(Tenn.1998);Ruffv.State, /(#' 978S.W.2d95,100(Tenn.1998).XoXXX0\ԀTheTennesseeSupremeCourthasheldthatanindictmentmay )h$( refertothestatutethatdefinestheoffenseandthatindictmentissufficientandsatisfiesall *Q%) constitutionalandstatutoryrequirements.SeeSledge,15S.W.3dat_95;_ԀseealsoRuffv.State,978 *:&* S.W.2d95,100(Tenn.1998).#X0\XXXo3i#XoXXX0\ +#'+ Ї  Inthecaseundersubmission,theindictmentaboutwhichtheDefendantcomplainsis  attachedtotheappellaterecord.Afterathoroughreviewoftheindictmentinthiscase,wefindthat  itmeetsboththeconstitutionalandstatutoryrequirements.TheDefendantisnamedastheaccused,  thedateoftheoffenseisgiven,andthe_actus_Ԁ_reus_Ԁandmens_rea_Ԁoftheoffenseisstated.Further,the k indictmentafforded#X0\XXXok#theDefendantclear,understandablenoticethathewasbeingchargedwitha T violationofTennesseeCodeAnnotated3916605,whichproscribesEscape.Theindictmenttracks =  theescapestatuteandallegesthattheDefendantknowinglyescapedfromcustody.Theindictments & v failuretoallegethecorrectbookingnumberforthespecificchargerequiredtoestablishfelony  _ Escapedoesnotmakeitdefective.AttheDefendantstrialforescape,theState onlyhadtoprove  H that[theDefendant]escapedfromlawfulcustodywhilebeingheldforafelony.Itwasnotnecessary  1  forthenameofthefelonytobealleged,instructed,orproven.Statev._Culp_,891S.W.2d232,236    (Tenn._Crim_.App.1994);seealsoStatev.James,81S.W.3d751,76061(Tenn.2002).   Accordingly,theDefendantwasprovidedadequatenoticeofthechargeagainsthim,escapewhile   beingheldonafelony,andthetrialcourthadanadequatebasisfortheentryofaproperjudgment.   Therefore,thisissueiswithoutmerit.X0\XXX0\ n    Next,theDefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourtimproperlyallowedtheStatetouse @ unrelatedcriminalchargestoprovetheessentialelementsofescape.Specifically,theDefendant )y assertsthattheuseofchargesforaggravatedassaultX U#  1      ׀andaggravated_kidnapping_Ԁwaserroneous b sincethesechargeswerenotpending._Sheppard_,thekeeperoftheofficialcourtrecords,testified K thattheDefendantwasarrestedonMay29,2002,afterfailingtoappearforthreeindictmentsof 4 aggravatedassault.Therecordappearstosupportthistestimony,anditappearsthatsinceonlyone  aggravatedassaultchargeandone_kidnapping_ԀchargeweredismissedpriortotheDefendants  escape,therewasatleastoneaggravatedassaultchargethatremained.Inthecaseunder  submission,thejurywasinstructedthatinordertoconvicttheDefendantofescape,theStatemust  prove,beyondareasonabledoubt,that:(1)theDefendantescaped;(2)atthetimeoftheescapethe q Defendant waschargedwithaggravatedassault,afelony;(3)theescapewasfromapenal Z institution;and(4)thattheDefendantacted intentionally,knowinglyorrecklessly.Basedon C _Sheppard_stestimony,therewereaggravatedassaultchargespendingand,therefore,theuseofa ,| chargeofaggravatedassaultinthejuryinstructionwascorrect. e   Further,thecitingofanyspecificfelonywasnotactuallyneededtosupportaconvictionfor  7 escapeand,therefore,anycitationofaspecificfelonywasmerelygratuitous.Evenifthefelony !   chargestatedwastheincorrectchargeitdoesnotrendertheindictmentdefective. Anindictment " ! _isnotbadorfatalifit...containssurpluswords.However,inrejectingthesurplusage,theoffense #" mustbesufficientlycharged.Culp,891S.W.2dat236.Aftertheremovalofthespecificoffense $# ofaggravatedassault,theindictmentwouldstillreadthattheDefendantwasbeingchargedwith t% $ escapewhilebeingheldonfelonychargesandthiswouldsufficeinplacingtheDefendantonnotice ]&!% oftheoffense.ItisnotnecessaryfortheStatetoprovethetypeoffelonyforwhichtheDefendant F'"& wasincarceratedandincustody;theStateonlyneedstoprovethattheDefendantwasincustody /(#' forafelony.Id.Thisissueiswithoutmerit. )h$( Ї@ B.SufficiencyoftheEvidence     #X0\XXX0\r#WhenanaccusedchallengestheX0\XXX0\sufficiencyofthe#X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\evidence,thisCourtsstandardofreview  iswhether,afterconsideringtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,anyrational l trieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Tenn. U R.App.P.13(e);#X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\Jacksonv.Virginia,#X0\XXX0\f#X0\XXX0\Ԁ443U.S.307,324(1979);#X0\XXX0\ˁ#X0\XXX0\Statev.Carter,121S.W.3d579, >  588(Tenn.2003);Statev.Smith,24S.W.3d274,278(Tenn.2000)#X0\XXX0\1#X0\XXX0\.#X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\ԀThisruleappliestofindings ' w ofguiltbasedupondirectevidence,circumstantialevidence,oracombinationofbothdirectand  ` circumstantialevidence.#X0\XXX0\6#X0\XXX0\Statev.Pendergrass,#X0\XXX0\>#X0\XXX0\Ԁ13S.W.3d389,39293(Tenn.Crim.App.1999).  I  Ѐ  Indeterminingthe#X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\sufficiencyofthe#X0\XXX0\X#X0\XXX0\evidence,thisCourtshouldnotreweighorreevaluate    theevidence.#X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\Statev.Matthews,#X0\XXX0\M#X0\XXX0\Ԁ805S.W.2d776,779(Tenn.Crim.App.1990).Normaythis   Courtsubstituteitsinferencesforthosedrawnbythetrieroffactfromtheevidence.#X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\Statev.Buggs,#X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\   995S.W.2d% Q #X0\XXX0\#%Q=X0\XXX0\102,105(Tenn.1999);#X0\XXX0\~#X0\XXX0\Liakasv.State,#X0\XXX0\ڈ#X0\XXX0\Ԁ286S.W.2d856,859(Tenn.1956).Questions   concerningthecredibilityofthewitnesses,theweightandvalueoftheevidence,andallfactual o  issuesraisedbytheevidenceareresolvedbythetrieroffact.#X0\XXX0\;#X0\XXX0\Liakas,#X0\XXX0\{#X0\XXX0\Ԁ286S.W.2dat859.ThisCourt X  mustaffordtheStateofTennesseethestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidencecontainedinthe A record,aswellasallreasonableinferenceswhichmaybedrawnfromtheevidence.#X0\XXX0\ӊ#X0\XXX0\ԀStatev.Evans,#X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\ *z 838S.W.2d185,191(Tenn.1992).Becauseaverdictofguiltagainstadefendantremovesthe c presumptionofinnocenceandraisesapresumptionofguilt,theconvictedcriminaldefendantbears L theburdenofshowingthattheevidencewaslegallyinsufficienttosustainaguiltyverdict.#X0\XXX0\u#X0\XXX0\Id.#X0\XXX0\#XoXXX0\;see 5 Statev.Carruthers,35S.W.3d516,55758(Tenn.2000).#X0\XXXob#X0\XXX0\  #X0\XXX0\#X0\XXX0\  TheDefendantcontendsthattheevidencepresentedattrialisinsufficienttosustainhis  convictionforescape.Specifically,heassertsthattheproofattrialdoesnotmatchtheindictment  andthefactsallegedtherein.Hecontendsthat,becausehewasnotinlawfulcustodyforthecharges r consideredduringthearrestandforthesubsequentindictment,andthosechargeswereusedto [ establishanecessaryelementoftheoffense,aguiltyverdictwasimproper. D #X0\XXX0\\#XoXXX0\  Escape,asstatedbyTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3916605(2003),makesit f  unlawfulforanypersonarrestedfor,chargedwith,orconvictedofanoffensetoescapefroma O penalinstitution....Escapeisdefinedasan unauthorizeddeparturefromcustody....Tenn.  8 CodeAnn. 3916601(3)(2003).Custody,definedbyTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3916 !!  601(2)(2003),isdefinedasbeing underarrestbyalawenforcementofficerorunderrestraintby " ! apublicservantpursuanttoanorderofacourt....Penalinstitution includesanyinstitution_or #" facilityusedtohouseordetainaperson:(A)Convictedofacrime...or_(C_)Whoisindirector $# indirectcustodyafteralawfularrest.Tenn.CodeAnn._ _Ԁ3916601(4)(2003). u% $ #X0\XXXo#X0\XXX0\  #X0\XXX0\=#AfterconsideringtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheState,weconcludethat G'"& sufficientevidenceexistsintherecordtosupporttheDefendantsconviction.X0\XXX0\ԀTheevidenceattrial, 0(#' viewedinthislight,showedthattheDefendantwastakenintocustodyonMay29,2002,onatleast )i$( threeseparateaggravatedassaultcharges.OnJune28,2002,onecountofaggravatedassaultand *R%) aggravated_kidnapping_Ԁweredismissedduetolackofprosecution.Accordingto_Sheppard_,atleast *;&* twoaggravatedassaultchargesagainsttheDefendantremainedandthatwouldsatisfyoneofthe +$'+ necessaryelementsoftheoffenseoffelonyEscape,thattheDefendantwasbeingheldonfelony  charges.ItisnotnecessaryfortheStatetoprovethechargestheDefendantisbeingheldonorto  evenstatewhatthefelonychargesare.Theevidenceis,therefore,sufficienttoprovethatthe  Defendantescapedwhileincustodypendingfelonycharges.Thisissueiswithoutmerit. k #X0\XXX0\M# @NN"III.Conclusion =     Inaccordancewiththeforegoingauthoritiesandreasoning,weAFFIRMthetrialcourts  a judgment.  J X0\XXX0\   `     h     #X0\XXX0\#XoXXX0\   `     h     ___________________________________      `     h     ROBERTW._WEDEMEYER_,JUDGE#X0\XXXo#X0\XXX0\Ԁ#X0\XXX0\t#