ÿWPCú «ºùÜÊ? ^PÙ VÓhŽÐ~N*|™Jç_!"WÃôJ, ÞUµ³Ð1®Á6OF$& –X…t“¬"ä©Û­—Á£*cqS„˜c@Á¥Põí/ÕÇ˹a£G5N »Ý’±dá“_~€®Ó<ˆ òO¹¹ï,¹Írpû~ÏŠ(P©k·n‘~;›] ²Ÿ’q.™ïù©`0ØÉüWµž¹š)•¯Ÿê·Èç|%襁OQÍ g5‰ƒ=­B¡6Aõ™ä¢xÒgŸ«ë‹~³_®l§Ž×¢ÿ±¦šãÅ‘ˆivØr~ÓDi.É ÚñJáïÂpR<‹åJ§&„Qæ¼6±×~ꔞLm_‹ïM…”{äˆúŸ'@0‰˜yG¼hÀBLzμëqÓß y—¦ihºehõm±sÈ ëYÂ-½š$ùKýÖù:<4 +PRl utÁzäÒâäXôÓteÆ\Jf:ù¸¢|oÛ·ÑC¦xBWjþÿÜi)߀cØcË·—ÿ ¬Â˜v$¦xœ¢lM _ÊàÑ”æ™òÚ#ÊÌÍíÝÞ[8;R¥Â²ôê5S²¥ä¨ù>¯¬{ú~+ }ý½éÇøŸU fƒD&a*­b#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz UN‘ Æß Æ¥ Æk Æ1 0D÷N;°==Eííííííííííííííííííííííííbïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïï 0ë÷÷÷÷ Bââ 0¤ÿ D3£ D-Ö 0K ASNÆ¡ 0¤g 0D  A«O˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»ø¨+â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularYo†)ˆ¿¡k1x¡ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ¦Ý ƒR€Ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôâ5ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔKimððs€last€name€was€never€identified.- ù-(|G2€Ã$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€A»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôâ5ò»»Ô d(|3t$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€A»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3t$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€A»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€A»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼A»»»ÔÑ8€‘XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îDÌAÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼A»îîDÌ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€April€11,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡X‘X»¼AÔÌò òÔ#†¼A»XX‘#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóANTHONY€CARPENTERÔ‡X‘X»¼AÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„08762€€€€€€Chris€Craft,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½ ` AßÐ ¾   ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2000„01229„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€August€16,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡ X‘XXX‘ÔThe€Defendant,€Anthony€Carpenter,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€second€degree€murder.€€In€this€appealÐ ŒÜ  Ðas€of€right,€he€asserts€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction€and€that€the€trialÐ xÈ  Ðcourt€erred€by€sentencing€him€to€twenty„three€years€incarceration.€€We€find€no€error;€thus,€we€affirmÐ d´ Ðthe€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð P  ÐÔ#†X‘XX X‘Ã#ÔÔ#†¼A»XX‘–#ÔÔ‡X‘X»¼AÔÌÓ·Óò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ (x ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼A»àX‘Ê#ÔÔ‡X‘X.¼AÔRobert€W.€Wedemeyer,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoe€G.€Rileyóó€and€òòJohnÐ P ÐEverett€Williams,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ì< ÐÌTony€N.€Ô_ÔBraytonÔ_Ô€(on€appeal),€and€Marvin€E.€Ô_ÔBallinÔ_Ô€(at€trial),€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,Ð Ä ÐAnthony€Carpenter.Ð ° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Laura€E.€Ô_ÔMcMullenÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ˆØ ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Phillip€Gerald€Harris,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ tÄ ÐGeneral,€for€the€Appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð `° ÐÓgÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼A»XX‘–#ÔÔ‡X‘X»¼AÔÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼A»XX‘ì #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X‘X»¼AÔÔ‡ X‘XXX‘Ôà  àAt€trial,€Ô_ÔErmaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€last€saw€the€victim,€her€nineteen„year„old€son,€DerekÐ #`" ÐÔ_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô,€around€2:00€a.m.€on€January€25,€1998.€€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€left€her€house€that€morning€with€hisÐ ü#L# Ðbrother,€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô,€to€take€one€of€their€friends€home.€€They€left€in€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ôððs€car,€which€wasÐ è$8 $ Ða€blue€Oldsmobile€Cutlass.€€According€to€Ms.€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô,€Derek€loved€his€car,€which€he€had€purchasedÐ Ô%$!% Ðwith€his€own€money.€€Derek€washed€the€car€often€and€was€very€proud€of€it.Ð À&"& ÐÌà  àTracy€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€first€met€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€on€January€25,€1998€at€theÐ ˜(è#( Ðapartment€of€her€friend,€Kim,€in€Memphis,€Tennessee.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€was€with€a€group€of€sixÐ „)Ô$) Ðpeople,€including€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô,€at€the€Village€Square€Apartments.€€The€others€were€Kim,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€TheresaÐ p*À%* ÐEllis,€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô,€and€Bobby€Lee€Todd.€€They€were€cooking€breakfast€and€talking.€€Derek€hadÐ \+¬&+ý Ðdriven€his€car€there,€and€he€went€outside€to€check€on€it.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€heard€Derek€yelling€thatÐ ° Ðsomeone€had€broken€into€his€car,€and€the€group€went€outside€to€see€what€had€happened.€€Ms.Ð œì ÐÔ_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€saw€that€the€steering€column€had€been€removed€from€Derekððs€car.€€Derek€started€walkingÐ ˆØ Ðby€himself€toward€the€back€of€the€apartment€complex.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€could€barely€see€Derek€whenÐ tÄ Ðshe€heard€gunshots.€€At€the€sound€of€gunfire,€everyone€but€Derek€ran€back€up€to€Kimððs€apartment,Ð `° Ðwhere€the€police€were€called.€€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€asked€Theresa€Ellis€to€drive€him€around€the€apartmentÐ L œ Ðcomplex€to€where€Derek€was,€and€she€did.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€and€Bobby€Lee€Todd€ran€to€where€DerekÐ 8 ˆ Ðhad€been€shot,€and€they€found€him€lying€on€the€ground.€€He€was€very€bloody.€€According€to€Ms.Ð $ t ÐÔ_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô,€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€and€Bobby€Lee€Todd€picked€up€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€and€placed€him€in€theÐ  ` Ðbackseat€of€Theresa€Ellisðð€white€Saturn€automobile€to€take€him€to€the€hospital.€€However,€theyÐ ü L  Ðdecided€to€stop€and€wait€for€an€ambulance.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€stated€that€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€died€in€theÐ è 8  Ðbackseat€of€the€car.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€did€not€see€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€with€a€gun€or€any€other€weapon,€butÐ Ô$  Ðshe€also€did€not€see€the€shooting.€€Ð À  ÐÌà  àBobby€Lee€Todd€testified€that€he€was€friends€with€both€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€and€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô.€Ð ˜è  ÐEarly€in€the€morning€on€January€25,€1998,€Bobby€Lee€Todd€and€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€went€to€pick€up€DerekÐ „Ô  ÐÔ_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€at€his€home.€€They€then€went€to€the€Village€Square€Apartments€to€have€some€breakfast€beforeÐ pÀ Ðpicking€up€another€friend€from€jail€later€that€morning.€€They€arrived€at€the€apartment€around€6:00Ð \¬ Ða.m.€€Periodically,€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€would€look€out€the€door€to€check€on€his€car.€€The€last€time€DerekÐ H˜ Ðlooked€out€the€door,€he€saw€that€his€car€door€was€open.€€Derek€rushed€out€of€the€apartment,€followedÐ 4„ Ðby€the€others.€€When€they€got€to€the€car,€they€discovered€that€Derekððs€wood„grain€steering€wheel€wasÐ  p Ðmissing.€€Derek€walked€off€through€the€apartments€while€Mr.€Todd€and€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€talked€to€aÐ  \ Ðwoman€from€another€apartment.€€Mr.€Todd€testified€that€he€and€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€heard€Derek€talkingÐ øH Ðloudly,€so€they€started€walking€toward€him.€€Derek€was€standing€on€the€passenger€side€of€a€Cadillac,Ð ä4 Ðasking€the€people€inside€where€his€steering€wheel€was.€€Mr.€Todd€and€Frank€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€started€runningÐ Ð  Ðtoward€Derek,€when€someone€inside€the€Cadillac€started€shooting€through€the€passenger€sideÐ ¼  Ðwindow.€€According€to€Mr.€Todd,€Derek€started€screaming€and€retreated€from€the€Cadillac,€but€theÐ ¨ø Ðshots€continued.€€Derek€stumbled€back€towards€the€hallway€and€then€fell€down.€€The€others€ran€backÐ ”ä Ðto€the€apartment€where€Theresa€and€Kim€called€the€police.€€Frank€and€Theresa€drove€around€theÐ €Ð Ðbuilding€to€Derek,€and€Frank€and€Mr.€Todd€picked€up€Derek€and€placed€him€in€Theresaððs€car.€€TheyÐ l¼ Ðwere€going€to€take€Derek€to€the€hospital,€but€the€police€arrived.€€Mr.€Todd€did€not€see€Derek€withÐ X ¨ Ða€gun,€and€he€stated€that€neither€he€nor€anyone€else€took€a€gun€from€Derek€before€the€police€arrived.€Ð D!” ÐMr.€Todd€believed€that€if€Derek€had€Ô_ÔhadÔ_Ô€a€gun,€he€would€have€shot€back.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àOfficer€John€Pike€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department€testified€that€he€arrived€at€the€sceneÐ $X" Ðof€a€homicide€around€7:30€on€the€morning€of€January€25,€1998.€€He€found€the€victim,€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô,Ð ô$D # Ðin€the€backseat€of€a€white€vehicle,€which€was€parked€in€the€middle€of€the€roadway€at€the€VillageÐ à%0!$ ÐSquare€Apartments.€€A€young€man€was€holding€the€victim€in€his€arms,€crying€and€screaming,€ð ðTheyÐ Ì&"% Ðkilled€my€brother.ðð€€Officer€Pike€found€no€weapons€on€the€victim,€in€the€white€car,€or€in€the€generalÐ ¸'#& Ðarea€of€the€victim.€€He€testified€that€there€was€broken€glass€on€the€ground€by€an€empty€parking€spaceÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdirectly€in€front€of€the€apartment€complex.€€Some€live€shell€casings€were€found€closer€to€the€hallway.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àOfficer€Shan€Allen€Tracy,€a€crime€scene€officer€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department,Ð ° Ðâ âtestified€that€he€arrived€at€the€scene€around€7:45€a.m.€€A€search€of€the€victim,€the€white€Saturn,€andÐ œì Ðthe€neighboring€area€did€not€produce€any€weapons.€€A€red€car€adjacent€to€the€empty€parking€spot€hadÐ ˆØ Ðbeen€damaged€by€gunfire.€€Several€bullet€fragments€were€recovered€from€the€red€car.€€Officer€TracyÐ tÄ Ðalso€found€some€ð ðthree„eightyðð€live€rounds€by€a€grassy€area€near€the€sidewalk.Ð `° ÐÌà  àLieutenant€Sammie€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô€testified€that€he€was€a€sergeant€in€the€homicide€division€inÐ 8 ˆ ÐJanuary€1998.€€He€assisted€in€the€investigation€of€the€death€of€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô.€€On€January€27,€1998,Ð $ t ÐLieutenant€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô€interviewed€the€Defendant,€Anthony€Carpenter.€€He€informed€the€Defendant€ofÐ  ` Ðhis€rights,€and€the€Defendant€signed€the€waiver€of€rights€form.€€At€that€time,€the€Defendant€deniedÐ ü L  Ðany€involvement€in€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ôððs€death.€€When€the€Defendantððs€alibi€for€the€time€of€the€shootingÐ è 8  Ðcould€not€be€confirmed,€the€Defendant€was€arrested.€€The€next€day,€Lieutenant€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô€againÐ Ô$  Ðinterviewed€the€Defendant.€€His€mother,€Ô_ÔLulaÔ_Ô€Carpenter,€was€present€at€the€interview,€although€theÐ À  ÐDefendant€was€eighteen€years€old.€€The€Defendant€was€again€advised€of€his€rights,€and€both€he€andÐ ¬ü  Ðhis€mother€signed€the€waiver€of€rights€form.€€The€Defendant€gave€another€statement,€in€which€heÐ ˜è  Ðadmitted€shooting€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô,€but€asserted€that€it€was€self„defense.€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àIn€his€statement€to€Lieutenant€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô,€the€Defendant€stated€that€he€shot€and€killed€DerekÐ \¬ ÐÔ_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€at€approximately€7:28€a.m.€on€January€25,€1998€at€the€Village€Square€Apartments.€€AccordingÐ H˜ Ðto€the€Defendant,€he€was€sitting€in€the€backseat€of€his€1982€Cadillac€Ô_ÔFleetwoodÔ_Ô,€which€was€parkedÐ 4„ Ðin€a€parking€space€outside€his€nephewððs€apartment.€€The€Defendantððs€cousin,€Ô_ÔHaywoodÔ_Ô€Carpenter,Ð  p Ðand€a€friend€of€the€Defendantððs€nephew€were€also€in€the€car.€€The€Defendant€could€not€rememberÐ  \ Ðthe€name€of€his€nephewððs€friend.€€The€Defendant€stated€he€saw€a€ð ðguyðð€walking€around€in€front€ofÐ øH Ðsome€parked€cars€looking€to€see€who€was€outside.€€He€saw€the€ð ðguyðð€talking€to€another€ð ðguy.ðð€€AfterÐ ä4 Ðthey€finished€their€conversation,€the€ð ðguyðð€walked€around€the€Defendantððs€car€to€the€street€andÐ Ð  Ðstopped.€€The€Defendant€gave€the€following€account€of€the€events€that€followed:Ð ¼  Ðà8  àThen€he€pulled€the€gun€out€and€waved€the€gun€then€he€walked€back€over€to€the€carÐ ¨ø Ðwith€the€gun€in€his€hand€still€waving€it.€€He€bent€down€at€the€front€passenger€windowÐ ”ä Ðand€he€was€Ô_ÔsayinÔ_Ô€[sic]€something€but€the€window€was€up€and€the€doors€were€locked.€Ð €Ð ÐThen€he€pointed€the€gun€at€Andre€[Ô_ÔHaywoodÔ_Ô€Carpenter]€first€and€said,€ð ðget€out€of€theÐ l¼ Ðcarðð€and€the€second€time€he€leaned€to€the€back€window€and€pointed€the€gun€at€me€andÐ X ¨ Ðsaid,€ð ðget€out€of€the€car.ðð€€At€that€point,€I€shot,€it€was€just€a€reflex.€€I€donððt€rememberÐ D!” Ðthe€glass€breaking,€I€just€shot,€I€donððt€remember€how€many€times€I€shot.Ð0"€ Ð Ð  ÐAfter€the€Defendant€shot€Derek,€his€nephewððs€friend,€who€was€in€the€driverððs€seat,€drove€off.€€TheyÐ #l! Ðwent€to€the€Defendantððs€brotherððs€house,€where€they€parked€the€car€in€the€backyard.€€The€DefendantÐ $X" Ðstated€that€he€ð ðnodded€offðð€for€a€while,€and€then€he€went€to€church€with€his€sister.€€He€threw€the€gunÐ ô$D # Ðwhich€he€used€to€shoot€Derek€in€the€river.€€The€Defendant€described€the€gun€which€Derek€had€as€ð ðaÐ à%0!$ Ðchrome€automatic.ðð€€He€said€he€did€not€know€why€Derek€pointed€a€gun€at€them€and€ordered€themÐ Ì&"% Ðout€of€the€car,€but€he€assumed€Derek€was€trying€to€rob€them.€€The€Defendant€denied€breaking€intoÐ ¸'#& Ða€car€and€stealing€a€steering€wheel.€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àLieutenant€Douglas€Ô_ÔSwauncyÔ_Ô€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department€testified€that€he€alsoÐ |*Ì%) Ðassisted€in€the€investigation€of€the€homicide€of€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô.€€He€found€the€Defendantððs€CadillacÐ h+¸&* ÐÔ_ÔFleetwoodÔ_Ô€parked€at€the€home€of€some€of€the€Defendantððs€relatives.€€Lieutenant€Ô_ÔSwauncyÔ_Ô€testifiedÐ ° Ðthat€when€he€found€the€Cadillac,€it€did€not€have€a€steering€wheel€on€it.€€He€explained€that€the€steeringÐ œì Ðwheel€was€detachable€and€that€it€was€laying€on€the€front€seat€of€the€car.€€The€steering€wheel€foundÐ ˆØ Ðlaying€in€the€seat€was€a€wood„grain€steering€wheel.€€Some€tools,€including€wire€pliers€and€some€typeÐ tÄ Ðof€adjustment€wrench,€were€found€in€the€car€as€well.€€The€rear€window€and€the€rear€passenger€sideÐ `° Ðwindow€were€broken€out€of€the€car.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àDr.€O.C.€Smith€was€certified€as€an€expert€in€forensic€pathology,€and€he€testified€that€DerekÐ $ t ÐÔ_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€died€as€a€result€of€multiple€gunshot€wounds.€€Dr.€Smith€explained€that€there€were€a€total€ofÐ  ` Ðseven€gunshot€wounds€where€a€bullet€struck€the€bodyððs€surface,€but€because€some€were€grazingÐ ü L  Ðgunshot€wounds,€a€bullet€could€have€grazed€a€portion€of€the€body€and€then€entered€another€area.€€Dr.Ð è 8  ÐSmith€identified€six€separate€gunshot€wounds€out€of€the€total€of€seven€wounds.€€One€bullet€enteredÐ Ô$  ÐDerek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ôððs€chest,€penetrating€his€heart€and€intestines.€€Another€entered€his€right€lower€back€andÐ À  Ðwent€into€his€left€lung.€€The€other€wounds€were€to€his€back€and€his€extremities.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àFrederick€Rogers€testified€for€the€defense.€€He€testified€that€he€was€friends€with€theÐ „Ô  ÐDefendantððs€nephew,€Ô_ÔShultonÔ_Ô€Rubin.€€He€was€at€Mr.€Rubinððs€apartment€at€the€Village€SquareÐ pÀ ÐApartments€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€January€25,€1998.€€The€Defendant€knocked€on€Mr.€RubinððsÐ \¬ Ðdoor€that€morning€and€told€Mr.€Rogers€to€come€outside.€€Mr.€Rogers€joined€the€Defendant€outside,Ð H˜ Ðand€they€sat€in€the€Defendantððs€car.€€They€got€out€of€the€car,€and€the€Defendant€walked€through€aÐ 4„ Ðpath€with€a€four„way€lug€wrench.€€Mr.€Rogers€said€that€he€saw€the€Defendant€open€the€door€of€a€blueÐ  p Ðcar€and€get€in€it.€€Mr.€Rogers€got€back€in€the€Defendantððs€car,€and€the€Defendant€returned€withÐ  \ Ðnothing;€he€no€longer€even€possessed€the€lug€wrench.€€Mr.€Rogers,€the€Defendant,€and€Ô_ÔHaywoodÔ_ÔÐ øH ÐCarpenter€sat€in€the€car€listening€to€music€when€they€saw€a€ð ðguyðð€walking€around€the€apartments.€Ð ä4 ÐMr.€Rogers€said€that€the€ð ðguyðð€had€ð ðanother€man€open€his€coat€and€take€his€coat€off.ðð€€The€ð ðguyððÐ Ð  Ðthen€walked€past€the€Defendantððs€car€approximately€ten€feet€and€looked€back€at€the€car.€€He€turnedÐ ¼  Ðaround€and€came€back€towards€the€Defendantððs€car,€pulling€a€gun€from€his€pocket.€€Mr.€Rogers€saidÐ ¨ø Ðthe€gun€was€ð ða€big€chrome€automatic€weapon.ðð€€According€to€Mr.€Rogers,€the€ð ðguyðð€walked€backÐ ”ä Ðto€the€side€of€the€car€and€told€the€occupants€to€get€out€of€the€car.€€He€put€the€gun€up€to€a€window,€andÐ €Ð ÐMr.€Rogers€said€he€ð ðknew€[he]€was€fixing€to€die€then.ðð€€Mr.€Rogers€then€heard€gunshots€and€aÐ l¼ Ðscream.€€He€looked€out€the€rearview€mirror,€and€he€saw€that€the€Defendant,€who€was€in€the€backseat,Ð X ¨ Ðwas€the€person€shooting.€€Mr.€Rogers,€who€was€in€the€driverððs€seat,€got€the€car€started€and€droveÐ D!” Ðaway€quickly.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àMr.€Rogers€admitted€that€in€the€statement€he€originally€gave€to€the€police,€he€stated€that€heÐ $X" Ðsaw€the€Defendant€enter€a€blue€Oldsmobile€and€remove€the€steering€wheel.€€He€described€the€steeringÐ ô$D # Ðwheel€in€his€statement€as€a€ð ðcherry€oak€wood€grain€steering€wheel.ðð€€However,€he€claimed€at€trialÐ à%0!$ Ðthat€he€did€not€see€the€Defendant€remove€a€steering€wheel.€€He€claimed€that€he€said€what€the€officersÐ Ì&"% Ðwanted€to€hear€during€the€interview€because€they€were€threatening€to€arrest€him€and€take€him€to€jail.€Ð ¸'#& ÐAlthough€Mr.€Rogers€had€an€attorney€present€during€the€interview,€he€claimed€that€his€attorney€wasÐ ¤(ô#' Ðasleep€and€did€not€assist€him.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àLieutenant€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô€testified€again€as€a€rebuttal€witness,€and€he€stated€that€he€interviewed€Mr.Ð ° Ðâ âRogers€in€the€presence€of€Mr.€Rogersðð€attorney,€Walter€Bailey.€€The€interview€took€place€at€1:10€p.m.Ð œì Ðon€January€30,€1998.€€Lieutenant€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô€asserted€that€the€attorney,€Walter€Bailey,€was€not€asleepÐ ˆØ Ðduring€the€interview.€€He€also€denied€that€the€officers€threatened€to€arrest€Mr.€Rogers€and€take€himÐ tÄ Ðto€jail€if€Mr.€Rogers€did€not€tell€them€what€they€wanted€to€hear.Ð `° ÐÌà@ð ð ìàSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEˆÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€first€claims€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction€ofÐ  ` Ðsecond€degree€murder.€€When€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€an€appellateÐ ü L  Ðcourtððs€standard€of€review€is€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€toÐ è 8  Ðthe€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÐ Ô$  Ða€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2dÐ À  Ð63,€67€(Tenn.€1985);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€This€rule€applies€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€directÐ ¬ü  Ðevidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€Ð ˜è  ÐòòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€should€not€re„weigh€or€re„evaluateÐ \¬ Ðthe€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Nor€may€thisÐ H˜ ÐCourt€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€òòÔ_ÔLiakasÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,Ð 4„ Ð286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(Tenn.€1956);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBuggsÔ_Ôóó,€995€S.W.2d€102,€105€(Tenn.€1999).€€QuestionsÐ  p Ðconcerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€allÐ  \ Ðfactual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòÔ_ÔLiakasÔ_Ôóó,€286€S.W.2d€at€859.òòóó€Ð øH ÐòòóóThis€Court€must€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidenceÐ ä4 Ðcontained€in€the€record,€as€well€as€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€Ð Ð  ÐòòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992).€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€against€a€defendantÐ ¼  Ðremoves€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€raises€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€convicted€criminalÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€to€sustain€a€guiltyÐ ”ä Ðverdict.€€òòId.óó€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àSecond€degree€murder€is€defined€by€statute€as€a€ð ðknowing€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€CodeÐ X ¨ ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1).€€ð ðA€person€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€a€result€of€the€personððs€conductÐ D!” Ðwhen€the€person€is€aware€that€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„11„Ð 0"€  Ð302(b).€€The€Defendant€does€not€dispute€that€he€knowingly€killed€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô,€but€he€argues€thatÐ #l! Ðhe€did€so€in€a€state€of€passion.€€He€asserts€that€he€therefore€should€have€been€found€guilty€ofÐ $X" Ðvoluntary€manslaughter,€rather€than€second€degree€murder,€because€of€that€state€of€passion.€Ð ô$D # ÐVoluntary€manslaughter€is€ð ðthe€intentional€or€knowing€killing€of€another€in€a€state€of€passionÐ à%0!$ Ðproduced€by€adequate€provocation€sufficient€to€lead€a€reasonable€person€to€act€in€an€irrationalÐ Ì&"% Ðmanner.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„13„211(a).€€The€jury€was€instructed€on€the€lesser„included€offense€of€voluntaryÐ ¸'#& Ðmanslaughter.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àThe€proof€is€undisputed€that€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€was€angry€because€someone€had€broken€into€hisÐ |*Ì%) Ðcar€and€that€the€Defendant€shot€and€killed€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€after€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€approached€theÐ h+¸&* ÐDefendantððs€car.€€The€proof€is€also€undisputed€that€the€Defendant€shot€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€through€theÐ ° Ðclosed€windows€of€his€car€at€least€six€times.€€Neither€Tracy€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€nor€Bobby€Lee€Todd€sawÐ œì ÐDerek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€with€a€gun,€and€the€police€did€not€find€a€gun€on€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ôððs€body,€in€the€white€car,Ð ˆØ Ðor€near€the€scene€of€the€homicide.€€Contrary€to€Ms.€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ôððs€and€Mr.€Toddððs€testimony,€FrederickÐ tÄ ÐRogers€testified€that€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€had€a€gun€and€pointed€it€at€the€occupants€of€the€car.€€In€hisÐ `° Ðstatement€that€he€gave€to€the€police,€the€Defendant€also€stated€that€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô€had€a€gun.€Ð L œ ÐNevertheless,€questions€concerning€conflicts€in€the€trial€testimony€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,Ð 8 ˆ Ðnot€by€this€Court.€€òòSeeóó€òòÔ_ÔLiakasÔ_Ôóó,€286€S.W.2d€at€859.€€The€jury€rejected€the€Defendantððs€evidence€ofÐ $ t Ðself„defense€and€provocation€when€it€convicted€him€of€second€degree€murder.€€Looking€at€theÐ  ` Ðevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€evidence€was€more€than€sufficient€for€a€rationalÐ ü L  Ðjury€to€find€that€the€Defendant€knowingly€killed€Derek€Ô_ÔAtwellÔ_Ô.€€Thus,€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ð è 8  ÐÌà@{{%ìàSENTENCINGˆÐ À  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€also€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€sentencing€him€to€twenty„three€yearsÐ ˜è  Ðincarceration€because€it€failed€to€apply€certain€mitigating€factors.€€When€a€criminal€defendantÐ „Ô  Ðchallenges€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€the€reviewing€court€must€conductÐ pÀ Ða€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€courtÐ \¬ Ðare€correct.€€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption,€however,€ð ðis€conditioned€upon€theÐ H˜ Ðaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ 4„ Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€the€eventÐ  p Ðthat€the€record€fails€to€show€such€consideration,€the€review€of€the€sentence€is€purely€òòdeóó€òònovoóó.€€òòStateÐ  \ Ðv.€Sheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).Ð øH ÐÌà  àIn€making€its€sentencing€determination,€the€trial€court,€at€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencingÐ Ð  Ðhearing,€determines€the€range€of€sentence€and€then€determines€the€specific€sentence€and€the€proprietyÐ ¼  Ðof€sentencing€alternatives€by€considering€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€theÐ ¨ø Ðsentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€toÐ ”ä Ðsentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved,€(5)Ð €Ð Ðevidence€and€information€offered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors,€(6)€anyÐ l¼ Ðstatements€the€defendant€wishes€to€make€in€the€defendant's€behalf€about€sentencing,€and€(7)€theÐ X ¨ Ðpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€òòóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„210(a),€(b),€„103(5);€òòState€v.Ð D!” ÐWilliamsóó,€920€S.W.2d€247,€258€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àThe€presumptive€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€for€a€Class€B,€C,€D€or€E€felony€isÐ $X" Ðthe€minimum€within€the€applicable€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors€present.€Ð ô$D # ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€The€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€the€midpointÐ à%0!$ Ðof€the€sentencing€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors€present.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„Ð Ì&"% Ð210(c).€€If€there€are€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors,€the€court€must€start€at€the€presumptiveÐ ¸'#& Ðsentence,€enhance€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsentence€in€the€range€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„210(e).€€The€weight€toÐ )à$( Ðbe€given€each€factor€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€judge.€€òòSheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€at€123.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐHowever,€the€sentence€must€be€adequately€supported€by€the€record€and€comply€with€the€purposesÐ h+¸&* Ðand€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Reform€Act.€€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€237€(Tenn.Ð ° Ð1986).Ð œì ÐÌà  àWhen€imposing€a€sentence,€the€trial€court€must€make€specific€findings€of€fact€on€the€recordÐ tÄ Ðsupporting€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„209(c).€€The€record€should€also€include€anyÐ `° Ðenhancement€or€mitigating€factors€applied€by€the€trial€court.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„210(f).€€Thus,€if€the€trialÐ L œ Ðcourt€wishes€to€enhance€a€sentence,€the€court€must€state€its€reasons€on€the€record.€€The€purpose€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðrecording€the€courtððs€reasoning€is€to€guarantee€the€preparation€of€a€proper€record€for€appellateÐ $ t Ðreview.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔErvinÔ_Ôóó,€939€S.W.2d€581,€584€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Because€the€record€in€thisÐ  ` Ðcase€indicates€that€the€trial€court€adequately€considered€the€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€asÐ ü L  Ðwell€as€the€underlying€facts,€our€review€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€that€theÐ À  Ðcourt€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€theÐ ¬ü  Ðfactors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€areÐ ˜è  Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€ð ðeven€if€we€would€haveÐ „Ô  Ðpreferred€a€different€result.ðð€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€TheÐ pÀ Ðdefendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence€imposed.€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2dÐ \¬ Ðat€169.òòóóÐ H˜ Ѐ€Ð 4„ Ðà  àIn€sentencing€the€Defendant,€the€trial€court€in€this€case€began€with€a€sentence€of€twenty€years,Ð  p Ðwhich€is€the€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Range€I€offender€for€a€Class€A€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð  \ Ððððð€40„35„112(a)(1),€„210(c).€€It€then€enhanced€the€Defendantððs€sentence€to€twenty„three€years€uponÐ øH Ðfinding€two€enhancement€factors:€(1)€that€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÐ ä4 Ðconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range€andÐ Ð  Ð(2)€that€the€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóóÐ ¼  Ðòòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(9).€€The€trial€court€determined€that€there€were€no€mitigating€factors;€thus,€theÐ ¨ø ÐDefendantððs€sentence€was€set€at€twenty„three€years.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€does€not€challenge€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€the€two€enhancementÐ l¼ Ðfactors,€but€he€asserts€that€the€trial€court€should€have€considered€the€following€mitigating€factors:€Ð X ¨ Ð(1)€that€the€defendant€acted€under€strong€provocation;€(2)€that€substantial€grounds€exist€tending€toÐ D!” Ðexcuse€or€justify€the€defendantððs€conduct,€though€failing€to€establish€a€defense;€and€(3)€that€theÐ 0"€  Ðdefendant,€because€of€his€youth,€lacked€substantial€judgment€in€committing€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ððÐ #l! Ð40„35„113(2),€(3),€(9).€€The€trial€court€did€in€fact€consider€these€factors,€but€rejected€them,€stating,Ð $X" Ðà8  àà ` àLooking€at€the€mitigating€factors,€there€is€no€proof€that€he€acted€under€strongÐ ô$D # Ðprovocation.€€I€find€that€under€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€this€was€not€a€self„Ð à%0!$ Ðdefense€case,€that€this€defendant€was€stealing€from€this€man,€and€when€the€man€triedÐ Ì&"% Ðto€get€his€property€back,€he€just€basically€executed€him.и'#&Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àThereððs€no€grounds€tending€to€excuse€his€conduct€as€far€as€I€can€tell.€€I€donððtÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfind€that€Mr.€Carpenterððs€young€age€should€be€a€mitigating€factor€because€heððs€beenÐ )à$( Ðtold€by€the€courts€ever€since€the€age€of€14€to€stop€use€[sic]€deadly€weapons,€and€willÐ |*Ì%) Ðnot€stop.€€He€knew€exactly€what€he€was€doing.€€He€carried€that€pistol€that€day€withÐ h+¸&* Ðthe€intent€to€go€armed€so€that€he€could€kill€someone€if€they€got€in€his€way.€€I€mean,Ð ° Ðhe€wasnððt€deer€hunting.€€Thereððs€no€other€use€for€a€handgun.€€And€I€cannot€find€anyÐ œì Ðmitigating€factors.ЈØÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àBy€finding€the€Defendant€guilty€of€second€degree€murder,€the€jury€rejected€both€theÐ `° ÐDefendantððs€theory€of€self„defense€and€his€argument€that€at€worst,€his€actions€constituted€voluntaryÐ L œ Ðmanslaughter.€€This€Court€has€determined€that€such€jury€findings€ð ðdestroy€any€argument€that€[theÐ 8 ˆ Ðdefendant]€acted€under€strong€provocation€when€he€fired€uponðð€the€victim;€thus,€ð ð[Ô_Ôt]heÔ_Ô€nature€andÐ $ t Ðcircumstances€of€[this]€offense[]€do€not€demonstrate€the€kind€of€strong€provocation€required€toÐ  ` Ðmitigate€the€sentence[].ðð€€òòState€v.€Fred€Edmund€Deanóó,€No.€03C01„9508„CC„00251,€1997€WL€7550,Ð ü L  Ðat€*11€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Jan.€10,€1997),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€Sept.€2,€1997).€€LikeÐ è 8  Ðthe€jury,€the€trial€court€rejected€the€Defendantððs€assertions€that€he€acted€in€self„defense€and€that€heÐ Ô$  Ðwas€provoked€by€the€victim.€€No€gun€was€found€on€the€victim,€and€both€Ms.€Ô_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€and€Mr.Ð À  ÐTodd€testified€that€they€did€not€see€the€victim€with€a€gun.€€The€Defendant€shot€the€victim€at€least€sixÐ ¬ü  Ðtimes€from€the€backseat€of€his€car.€€The€evidence€therefore€supports€the€juryððs€and€the€trial€courtððsÐ ˜è  Ðdeterminations,€and€it€was€not€error€for€the€trial€court€to€reject€as€mitigating€factors€that€theÐ „Ô  ÐDefendant€acted€under€strong€provocation€and€that€substantial€grounds€exist€tending€to€excuse€orÐ pÀ Ðjustify€his€conduct.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Glenn€A.€Saddleróó,€No.€M1999„00934„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WLÐ \¬ Ð924639,€at€*5„6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€June€30,€2000),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€Jan.€22,Ð H˜ Ð2001)€(rejecting€the€defendantððs€arguments€that€he€acted€under€strong€provocation€and€thatÐ 4„ Ðsubstantial€grounds€existed€tending€to€excuse€his€conduct).€€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àLikewise,€it€was€not€error€for€the€trial€court€to€reject€as€a€mitigating€factor€that€because€of€hisÐ øH Ðyouth,€the€Defendant€lacked€substantial€judgment€in€committing€the€offense.€€ð ðIn€determiningÐ ä4 Ðwhether€this€factor€is€to€be€applied,€courts€should€consider€the€concept€of€youth€in€context,€i.e.,€theÐ Ð  Ðdefendantððs€age,€education,€maturity,€experience,€mental€capacity€or€development,€and€any€otherÐ ¼  Ðpertinent€circumstance€tending€to€demonstrate€the€defendantððs€ability€or€inability€to€appreciate€theÐ ¨ø Ðnature€of€his€conduct.ðð€€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€33€(Tenn.€1993).€€Other€than€asserting€thatÐ ”ä Ðthe€Defendant€was€eighteen€at€the€time€of€the€offense,€there€was€no€evidence€presented€at€theÐ €Ð Ðsentencing€hearing€which€would€establish€that€the€Defendant€lacked€substantial€judgment€becauseÐ l¼ Ðof€his€young€age.€€Although€the€Defendant€dropped€out€of€high€school,€he€reported€being€in€excellentÐ X ¨ Ðphysical€and€mental€health,€and€he€had€been€employed€on€various€occasions.€€Moreover,€theÐ D!” ÐDefendant€has€great€familiarity€with€the€criminal€justice€system.€€At€the€age€of€fourteen,€he€wasÐ 0"€  Ðfound€guilty€of€possession€with€intent€to€sell€cocaine€and€possession€of€a€pistol.€€At€the€age€ofÐ #l! Ðsixteen,€he€was€found€guilty€of€possession€with€intent€to€sell€marijuana€and€possession€of€a€shotgun.€Ð $X" ÐOn€each€occasion,€he€was€removed€from€the€custody€of€his€parents€and€placed€in€a€state€juvenileÐ ô$D # Ðfacility.€€The€Defendant€also€has€other€criminal€offenses€on€his€juvenile€record.€€We€believe€that€theÐ à%0!$ ÐDefendantððs€familiarity€with€the€criminal€justice€system,€his€prior€opportunities€for€rehabilitation,Ð Ì&"% Ðand€his€actions€in€the€instant€case€ð ðindicate€a€full€appreciation€for€the€seriousness€of€his€acts.ðð€€òòStateÐ ¸'#& Ðv.€Carteróó,€908€S.W.2d€410,€413€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€This€issue€thus€has€no€merit.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð ° ÐÔ#†X‘XX X‘u #ÔÌÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð 8 ˆ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àROBERT€W.€WEDEMEYER,€JUDGE