ÿWPCß> ÊuÇçA{¤Ú°ÓÔ¼˜·uA¯ÚˆQ|ùȆA p™ÈÎçòqè6&í晾Ñ”2 sô8¸–ö.ÔÚÕ]ÎLn.ãCÂ]Pm‘¶ª#v?\ÞˆªÈ¦&ÍÖîú>ŸHD¡°3@F-ÊzÂÊ'<”Ø^½çVr– EžZ+‰cº&Ìúô¾}1É×i¦?–m°ô}ê­¢ðÀ”–p:ßÝâ’›s%¥Û÷”QÓø‹ lÚ"×f"]"S[”3µ~±…°svÀ†$¢}ík×èß- Å  ÛåïîQJØTbE8q¹éD:@óoƒ]ÙŠëeÃZÄš7‹UÈÉ*Ÿe‰ýÓi6LiØ<ãyÅ éG¸¯öwDHl l[ìÒ³uhàƒLp£ ñckäŽtCÈm¬ŸüùN7lžõÀó»v¹ÈŠEA_èGEz°sü¬]®d9eçåNßÔÊ0$¹ ²ø×÷.‹Ôydq™ï§ÃÍ\-x÷ÎA›ÕÜÓûjMSj#ÁÌ % UN“ 0ˆá U\Ni #· 0DÚ z Ò˜ Áj è+8ñKÆ<ÆÆÈÆŽ/TNƒ™…øEU>-Vƒ Tˆ"ˆ"}Ü$Y&Õx(^ M+wY+4]+q+€+ m‚+‚+‚+‚+‚+‚+‚+‚+‚+‚+b™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+™+ 0ë¡+¡+¡+^Œ, Bê-Ü. 0¤ã. D3‡/ D-º/ 0Kç/ç/ AS20Æ…0 0¤K1 0Dï1 A«32ÅÞ2†£4 )6)6w68$­:ÛÑ;3¬=˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€trial€court€further€ordered€that€the€conspiracy€sentence€should€run€consecutively€to€a€prior€sentence€ofÐ ° Ðthe€defendantððs.ò òó ó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ·Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€This€individual€lived€at€an€Elm€Hill€Pike€address.ò òó ó ÞÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Interestingly,€while€being€booked,€the€defendant€allegedly€stated€that€he€was€unemployed.ò òó ó .Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Factual€details€from€the€sentencing,€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal,€and€new€trial€motion€hearings€will€beÐ ° Ðprovided€in€the€discussion€of€related€issues.€ çÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€jury€acquitted€the€defendant€of€possession€of€an€unlawful€weapon€and€money€laundering€charges.ò òó óLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 %Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€At€the€time€of€the€trial,€Hutchinson€was€already€incarcerated€as€a€result€of€pleading€guilty€to€a€cocaine€offenseÐ ° Ðarising€from€these€events.ò òó ó Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„417(a)€provides€ð ðÓ SÓÔ‡ôïÅòòôïÅÔIt€is€an€offense€for€a€defendant€to€knowingly:€(1)Ð ° ÐManufacture€a€controlled€substance;€(2)€Deliver€a€controlled€substance;€(3)€Sell€a€controlled€substance;€or€(4)€PossessÐ tÄ Ða€controlled€substance€with€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver€or€sell€such€controlled€substance.ðð€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„Ð 8ˆ Ð17„417(a).€The€remainder€of€the€statute€basically€addresses€the€applicable€fines€and€classes€of€felonies€for€differingÐ üL Ðquantities€of€various€controlled€substances.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann€ðð€39„17„417.€€€Ð À ÐÌÓ SÓÔ#†ôïÅòòôïÅÐ#ÔÌ îÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€This€offense€is€defined€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„418.€òòSeeóó€Tenn€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„418.ô\  `‹&Times New Roman #Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€indictment€in€òòWyattóó€stated€that€the€defendant€ð ðon€the€7òòthóó€day€of€March,€1994,€in€Cumberland€County,Ð ° ÐTennessee,€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€did€unlawfully,€intentionally,€deliberately€and€with€premeditationÐ tÄ Ðattempt€to€kill€Billie€Carey€in€violation€of€Ô_ÔT.C.A.Ô_Ô€39„12„101€.€.€.€.ðð€òòWyattóó,€24€S.W.3d€at€324.€Under€this€statute,€a€personÐ 8ˆ Ðcommits€the€offense€of€criminal€attempt€if,€Ð üL Ðà8  àacting€with€the€kind€of€culpability€otherwise€required€for€the€offense[,€the€person]:€(1)€IntentionallyÐ À Ðengages€in€an€action€or€causes€a€result€that€would€constitute€an€offense€if€the€circumstancesÐ „Ô Ðsurrounding€the€conduct€were€as€the€person€believes€them€to€be;€(2)€Acts€with€intent€to€cause€a€resultÐ H ˜ Ðthat€is€an€element€of€the€offense,€and€believes€the€conduct€will€cause€the€result€without€further€conductÐ  \ Ðon€the€personððs€part;€or€(3)€Acts€with€intent€to€complete€a€course€of€action€or€cause€a€result€that€wouldÐ Ð  Ðconstitute€the€offense,€under€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€as€the€person€believes€themÐ ” ä  Ðto€be,€and€the€conduct€constitutes€a€substantial€step€toward€the€commission€of€the€offense.€ÐX ¨ Ð Ð  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101(a)(1)„(3). ûÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Because€of€the€lack€of€detail,€the€òòWyattóó€Court€encouraged€the€State€to€provide€more€information€in€futureÐ ° Ðcases€of€this€nature€and€noted€that€a€defendant€in€this€situation€may€obtain€more€information€by€moving€for€a€bill€ofÐ tÄ Ðparticulars.€òòWyattóó,€24€S.W.3d€at€325.€We€find€both€of€these€suggestions€applicable€to€the€instant€case. JÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€This€subsection€states€that€ð ð[n]Ó SÓÔ‡ôïÅòòôïÅÔo€person€may€be€convicted€of€conspiracy€to€commit€an€offense€unless€an€overtÐ ° Ðact€in€pursuance€of€such€conspiracy€is€alleged€and€proved€to€have€been€done€by€the€person€or€by€another€with€whom€theÐ tÄ Ðperson€conspired.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„103(d).€Ð 8ˆ ÐÓ SÓÔ#†ôïÅòòôïŹ#Ô sÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€Stateððs€inclusion€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„17„417(j)€€served€as€an€aid€to€the€defendant€inÐ ° Ðclarifying€the€appropriate€class€of€felony€of€which€he€would€be€convicted€if€the€jury€found€him€guilty€as€charged. Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú16Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€A€conspiracy€of€this€type€involving€three€hundred€ð ðgrams€or€more€of€any€substance€containing€cocaineðð€isÐ ° Ða€Class€A€felony.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(j)(5).€The€quantity€of€substance€containing€cocaine€involved€forÐ tÄ Ða€B€felony€conviction€is€twenty„six€grams€or€more.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5). ËÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú17Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€jury€did€ask,€ð ðIf€we€find€[the€defendant]€guilty€of€three€hundred€grams€or€more€and€there€was€not€.€.€.Ð ° Ð[referencing€the€scientific€proof€of€two€hundred€ninety„four€grams],€could€it€later€be€grounds€for€appeal?ððò òó ó€The€trial€courtÐ tÄ Ðresponded,€ð ðAny€issues€or€matters€to€be€considered€by€you€have€been€previously€submitted€to€you€in€the€Courtððs€previousÐ 8ˆ Ðinstructions.ððò òó ó€The€courtððs€instructions€included€both€the€charged€and€the€immediate€lesser„included€offense€as€above„Ð üL Ðnoted.€M¥U-s üPH,*‡ƒ€9Œ“¢3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ- ù-(|G2IT$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»Ô TÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Since€the€allegation€referenced€twenty„six€grams€or€more€of€cocaine,€the€crime€as€charged€constituted€a€BÐ ° Ðfelony.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5). d ÒÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€improperly€amended€count€alleged€a€violation€of€this€same€section€of€our€code.(|3…$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3…$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK »Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú15Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€This€trial€was€conducted€before€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„18„110€dealing€with€the€charging€ofÐ ° Ðlesser„included€offenses€went€into€effect;€thus,€it€has€no€impact€on€this€appeal.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„18„110Ð tÄ Ð(notation€after€statute€referring€to€amendment). |Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú18Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€As€noted€in€the€first€issue€addressed€in€this€opinion,€the€State€omitted€the€ð ðintent€to€deliverðð€phrase.ò òó ó€However,Ð ° Ðwe€have€already€found€that€this€intent€was€encompassed€by€the€language€utilized€in€the€second€indictment.€ Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú19Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Though€the€defense€claims€that€one€of€the€weapons€offenses€charges€carrying€a€weapon€in€the€commissionÐ ° Ðof€a€felony€and€one€charges€merely€carrying€a€weapon,€a€word€by€word€comparison€of€the€two€counts€reveal€that€theyÐ tÄ Ðare€identical€other€than€the€fact€that€one€includes€the€defendantððs€middle€name€while€the€other€uses€his€middle€initial.ò òó ó mÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú21Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€We€emphasize€that€this€finding€is€reliant€upon€the€facts€presented€by€this€case€and€stress€that€in€theseÐ ° Ðsituations€a€prosecutor€acts€at€his€or€her€own€peril€in€notÔ‡ôïÅòòôïÅÔ€filing€notice€under€a€subsequently€obtained€indictmentÔ#†ôïÅòòôïÅ8#Ô.€ThoughÐ tÄ Ðwe€find€that€the€facts€of€this€case€weigh€in€the€Stateððs€favor,€a€slightly€different€factual€scenario€may€well€bring€a€differentÐ 8ˆ Ðresult. Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú22Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€As€alluded€to€above,€both€judgments€also€include€as€a€ð ðSpecial€Conditionðð€the€service€of€ð ðninety€days,€dayÐ ° Ðfor€day.ððò òó ó ÑÝ ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú20Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€offense€date€given€in€the€money€laundering€count€does€not€coincide€with€this€consideration€as€that€dateÐ ° Ðis€October€25,€1998.€ò òó óHowever,€the€jury€did€not€convict€the€defendant€of€this€count€or€of€the€weapons€count;€thus,€noÐ tÄ Ðimproper€sentence€allegation€may€be€raised€concerning€them.ò òó ó€ )Ý ƒRIT$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú23Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€In€its€findings€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€mentions€that€the€defendantððs€probation€was€apparentlyÐ ° Ðrevoked€on€April€16,€1999.ò òó óÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼E»»»ÔÑ8€!XXdì»»d8ÑÑ pXÑà@ttìàÔ‡îR<EÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼E»îîR<#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àNovember€27,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X!X»¼EÔÌò òÔ#†¼E»XX!%#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€CLARENCE€W.€CARTERòòóóÔ‡X!X»¼EÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€99„C„1975€€€€€€Steve€Dozier,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„02230„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€October€21,€2002Ð ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡X!XXX!Ôà  àà ` àÔ#†¼E»XX!™#Ô¹Ó Óòòò òó óóóÔ‡X!X»¼EÔÓ  ÓÌà  àOn€March€29,€2000,€a€Davidson€County€jury€convicted€the€defendant€on€one€count€ofÐ vÆ Ðconspiracy€to€sell€three€hundred€grams€or€more€of€a€substance€containing€cocaine€and€one€count€ofÐ b² Ðpossession€with€intent€to€deliver€twenty„six€grams€or€more€of€a€substance€containing€cocaine.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€ò ò€ó óForÐ Nž Ðthe€conspiracy€conviction€the€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€thirty„six€years€as€a€multiple€offender,€andÐ >Ž Ðfor€the€possession€charge€the€defendant€received€a€sixteen„year€sentence€also€as€a€multiple€offender.€ò òó óÐ *z ÐIn€addition,€the€trial€court€fined€the€defendant€one€hundred€thousand€dollars€on€each€count.€ò ò€ó óTheÐ f Ðcourt€then€determined€that€the€possession€conviction€should€run€consecutively€to€the€conspiracyÐ V Ðconviction€resulting€in€an€effective€sentence€of€fifty„two€years.׃T×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ò ò€€ó óAfter€unsuccessfully€pursuing€aÐ òB Ðmotion€for€a€judgment€of€acquittal€and€a€new€trial€motion,€the€defendant€brings€this€appeal€raisingÐ â2 Ða€variety€of€issues.ò òó ó€More€specifically,€the€defendant€alleges€1)€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€notÐ Î Ðgranting€him€a€judgment€of€acquittal€on€the€amended€possession€count;€2)€that€the€charge€ofÐ º  Ðð ðpossession€of€over€26€grams€of€cocaine€fatally€varied€with€the€conviction€of€possession€of€over€26Ð ¦ö Ðgrams€of€Ô_Ôc[o]caineÔ_Ô€with€intent€to€sellðð;€3)€that€the€conspiracy€count€is€void€for€failing€ð ðto€allege€anÐ ’â Ðovert€act€in€pursuit€of€the€conspiracyðð;€4)€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€bothÐ ~ Î Ðconvictions;€5)€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€provide€the€lesser„included€instruction€regardingÐ j!º  Ðconspiracy€to€sell€or€deliver€under€three€hundred€grams€of€cocaine;€6)€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ V"¦! Ðsentencing€the€defendant€as€a€multiple€offender;€and€7)€that€the€trial€court€excessively€sentenced€theÐ B#’" Ðdefendant€as€a€result€of€improperly€ordering€that€the€sentences€arising€from€this€case€are€to€be€servedÐ .$~# Ðconsecutively.€After€considering€each€of€these,€we€find€that€none€of€them€merit€relief€and,€therefore,Ð %j $ Ðaffirm€the€defendantððs€convictions.Ô#†X!XXX!¬#ÔÔ#†¼E»XX!##ÔÔ‡X!X»¼EÔÐ &V!% ÐÌò òÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ Þ'.#' ÐÐ Ê($(ýà ÐòòÔ#†¼E»àX!‘#ÔÔ‡X!X.¼EÔÓ  ÓJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€òòNormaÐ ° ÐMcGee€Ogle,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌC.€Edward€Ô_ÔFowlkesÔ_Ô,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Clarence€W.€Carter.Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Elizabeth€B.€Ô_ÔMarneyÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð L œ ÐVictor€S.€Johnson,€District€Attorney€General;€John€Zimmerman€and€Anna€Escobar,€Assistant€DistrictÐ 8 ˆ ÐAttorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $ t ÐÌà@66'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼E»XX!{#ÔÔ‡X!X»¼EԈРü L  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼E»XX!p#ÔÔ‡X!X»¼EÔò òòòÔ‡X!XXX!Ôà@!ìàFactual€Backgroundó óóóˆÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àMonths€of€police€surveillance€culminated€on€November€19,€1998,€with€various€searches€andÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€arrest€of€the€defendant€and€Reginald€Hutchinson,€an€acquaintance€of€the€defendantððs.ò ò€ó ó€Prior€toÐ ˜è  Ðthat€date€Officer€Aaron€Thomas€had€conducted€ð ðtrash€pullsðð€at€113€Bess€Court,€where€the€defendantÐ ˆØ  Ðresided,€and€1218€Fifteenth€Avenue,€South,€where€Hutchinson€lived.ò ò€ó óOn€the€12òòthóó€of€November,Ð tÄ ÐThomas€recovered€significant€items€from€the€Fifteenth€Avenue€trash.ò òó ó€Among€the€items€obtainedÐ d´ Ðwere:€1)€an€empty€box€of€Ô_ÔbaggiesÔ_Ô,€which€are€often€used€to€package€cocaine€for€distribution;€2)€anÐ P  Ðinvoice€bearing€one€of€the€defendantððs€girlfriendððs€names;׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€3)€documentation€with€the€defendantððsÐ <Œ Ðname€thereon€related€to€a€BMW€635CSI;€4)€around€eight€small€Ô_ÔbaggiesÔ_Ô;€and€5)€a€large€bag€havingÐ (x Ðwhite€powder€residue.€ò òó ó€The€officer€field€tested€this€substance€and€obtained€a€positive€result€forÐ d Ðcocaine.ò òó ó€Furthermore,€a€police€drug€dog€later€indicated€by€behavior€that€cocaine€had€been€in€theÐ P ÐÔ_ÔbaggiesÔ_Ô.ò òó ó€Latex€gloves€were€also€recovered€at€this€location,€and€Thomas€explained€that€drug€dealersÐ ì< Ðoften€use€these€to€prevent€cocaine€from€absorbing€into€their€skin€when€handling€it.ò ò€ó ó€Additionally,€inÐ Ø( Ða€trash€pull€on€November€19òòthóó€prior€to€the€execution€of€the€search€warrant,€the€police€recoveredÐ È Ðaround€eight€Ô_ÔbaggiesÔ_Ô€with€powder€residue,€which€tested€positive€for€cocaine;€more€documents/mailÐ ´ Ðwith€the€defendantððs€name€on€them€(though€not€addressed€to€the€Fifteenth€Avenue€address);€a€set€ofÐ  ð Ðlatex€gloves;€and€a€bottle€of€Inositol.ò òó ó€Thomas€related€that€dealers€use€Inositol€as€a€ð ðcutting€agentððÐ ŒÜ Ðto€mix€with€the€cocaine,€thereby€creating€greater€quantity€though€less€purity.ò òó óÐ xÈ Ðà  àBased€on€this€and€other€information€garnered€during€the€surveillance,€Thomas€obtained€aÐ d ´ Ðsearch€warrant€for€1218€Fifteenth€Avenue.ò òó ó€Less€than€half€an€hour€before€the€execution€of€theÐ P!  Ðwarrant,€the€defendant€arrived€at€this€address€and€entered€the€home.ò òó ó€According€to€Sergeant€JamesÐ <"Œ  ÐWilliam€Ô_ÔMcWrightÔ_Ô€the€defendant€came€back€outside€to€retrieve€a€white€plastic€bag€from€a€BMWÐ (#x! Ðparked€there.ò ò€ó ó€As€the€defendant€re„entered€the€home,€Ô_ÔMcWrightÔ_Ô€could€not€tell€what€the€bag€containedÐ $d" Ðbut€could€observe€that€it€was€not€empty.ò òó óÐ %T # Ðà  àWhen€the€police€subsequently€entered€the€house€to€execute€the€search,€Hutchinson€stood€inÐ ð%@!$ Ðthe€vicinity€of€the€front€door€and€was€detained€on€the€front€porch.ò ò€ó ó€At€that€time€the€defendant€wasÐ Ü&,"% Ðin€the€area€of€the€couch€in€the€living€room.ò ò€ó ó€According€to€Officer€Ernest€Edward€Ô_ÔRigsbyÔ_Ô€theÐ Ì'#& Ðdefendant€threw€white€powder€at€this€time.ò òó ó€This€officer€also€stated€that,€when€asked€what€he€(theÐ ¼( $' Ðdefendant)€was€trying€to€do€with€the€cocaine€at€the€time€the€officers€entered,€the€defendant€respondedÐ ¨)ø$( ÐÔ_Ôthat€ð ðhe€was€trying€to€knock€it€off€the€table.ððò òó ó€Thomas€later€recounted€that€he€too€saw€baggies€andÐ ° Ðwhite€powder€fly€across€the€room€upon€entering€the€home.ò ò€ó ó€Furthermore,€the€authorities€found€aÐ œì Ðblack€bag€containing€plastic€baggies,€rubber/latex€gloves,€and€a€small€electronic€scale€likely€withinÐ ŒÜ Ðthe€defendantððs€reach.ò ò€ó ó€Another€set€of€scales€was€located€on€the€living€room€floor€beside€the€coffeeÐ xÈ Ðtable€near€the€defendant.ò ò€ó ó€Rigsby€stated€that€these€scales€were€the€type€used€to€weigh€small€amountsÐ h¸ Ðsuch€as€the€quantities€in€which€cocaine€is€sold.€ò òó ó€Approximately€seven€hundred€dollars€was€also€foundÐ X ¨ Ðat€the€scene.ò òó ó€Moreover,€in€various€visible€places€throughout€the€room,€the€police€discoveredÐ D ” Ðadditional€bags€of€white€powder.ò òó ó€Some€white€powder€was€even€found€in€the€aforementioned€whiteÐ 0 € Ðplastic€bag,€andò òó ó€an€unaccounted€for€amount€lay€loose€on€the€floor€from€being€thrown.€ò òó óOfficer€DannyÐ  l ÐEddings€scooped€a€portion€of€this€together€for€collection€and€bagged€it€for€testing.ò òó ó€Ð  X  Ðà  àThe€authorities€sent€the€white€powder€in€baggies€to€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€InvestigationÐ ô D  Ð(TBI)€to€determine€what€the€substance€was.€ò òó óA€forensic€scientist€from€the€TBI€testified€that€theÐ à0  Ðaggregate€of€the€powder€sent€for€testing€constituted€two€hundred€ninety„four€grams€of€a€substanceÐ Ì  Ðcontaining€cocaine.ò òó óÐ ¸  Ðà  àBeyond€this€proof€the€State€presented€evidence€concerning€the€financial€records€of€theÐ ¤ô  Ðdefendant€and€Anita€Jackson,€the€girlfriend€with€whom€he€was€living€when€arrested.ò òó ó€An€arguableÐ à  Ðdiscrepancy€constituting€tens€of€thousands€of€dollars€existed€between€what€these€individualsÐ |Ì Ðallegedly€earned€and€the€money€flowing€through€Anita€Jacksonððs€accounts.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ò òó óÐ h¸ Ðà  àFurther€evidence€pointed€to€a€variety€of€cars€owned€and/or€driven€by€the€defendant€duringÐ T¤ Ðthe€surveillance€period.€ò òó óIncluded€among€these€were€an€older€model€Honda€Prelude€with€bodyÐ @ Ðdamage,€an€older€model€BMW,€a€relatively€new€Toyota€4Runner,€and€a€1997€or€1998€MercedesÐ ,| ÐBenz€Kompressor.€ò òó óAccording€to€a€statement€that€the€defendant€made€to€one€of€the€officers€whoÐ h Ðtestified€at€trial,€the€defendant€had€paid€for€the€Prelude€but€titled€the€car€in€Hutchinsonððs€name.ò òó ó€TheÐ T ÐState€presented€the€title€confirming€that€the€vehicle€was€registered€to€Hutchinson.ò òó ó€AdditionalÐ ð@ Ðdocumentation€retrieved€from€the€aforementioned€BMW€listed€the€defendant€as€the€customer€forÐ Ü, Ðrepairs€made€to€both€the€Prelude€and€to€the€BMW€(though€Hutchinson€had€been€driving€the€BMWÐ È Ðduring€the€day€of€the€arrest).ò òó óÐ ´ Ðà  àIn€presenting€its€case,€the€defense€called€Hutchinson€to€the€stand.€This€witness€testified€thatÐ  ð Ðthe€defendant€was€an€innocent€man€who€had€no€part€in€the€witnessðð€criminal€activity.׃T×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ò ò€ó ó€HutchinsonÐ ŒÜ Ðalso€attempted€to€account€for€the€defendantððs€presence€at€the€Fifteenth€Avenue€address€on€the€dayÐ |Ì Ðin€question€by€relating€it€to€the€defendantððs€allegedly€purchasing€the€Prelude€from€the€witness.ò òó óÐ h ¸ ÐFurthermore,€Hutchinson€took€the€blame€for€throwing€the€cocaine€in€the€air€at€the€time€of€the€arrest;Ð T!¤ Ðoffered€an€explanation€for€the€defendantððs€involvement€in€repairs€to€the€BMW;€stated€that€theÐ @"  Ðdefendant€had€known€nothing€about€the€weapon€hidden€in€the€couch,€etc.ò òó ó€€The€defendant€also€calledÐ ,#|! ÐAnita€Jackson€who€attempted€to€explain€the€excess€cash€flow€above„referenced.ò òó óÐ $h" Ðà  àAfter€hearing€this€and€additional€evidence,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€the€conspiracyÐ %T # Ðand€possession€with€intent€to€deliver€counts€as€previously€noted.€Subsequently,€the€trial€courtÐ ð%@!$ Ðsentenced€the€defendant€to€consecutive€thirty„six€and€sixteen€year€terms€respectively.ò òó ó€In€addition,Ð Ü&,"% Ðthe€trial€court€upheld€both€verdicts€and€sentences€against€challenges€raised€in€the€defendantððs€motionÐ ° Ðfor€a€judgment€of€acquittal€and€motion€for€new€trial;׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€thus,€the€defendant€now€brings€this€appeal.Ð œì ÐÌÓ  Óò òòòValidity€of€the€Amended€Possession€Countó óóóÐ tÄ ÐÌÓû5Óà  àIn€his€first€issue€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€granting€him€a€judgmentÐ L œ Ðof€acquittal€on€the€amended€possession€count.€He€claims€that€the€count€prior€to€amendment€was€voidÐ 8 ˆ Ðand€that€since€the€trial€court€improperly€permitted€the€amendment,€a€conviction€based€on€this€countÐ $ t Ðmay€not€stand.€In€what€constitutes€the€seventh€issue€from€the€defendantððs€brief€but€will€be€combinedÐ  ` Ðfor€consideration€here,€the€defendant€also€contends€that€ð ð[c]ount€2€charging€possession€of€over€26Ð ü L  Ðgrams€of€cocaine€fatally€varied€with€the€conviction€of€possession€of€over€26€grams€of€c[o]caine€withÐ è 8  Ðintent€to€sell.ðð€The€State€responds€by€asserting€that€the€defendant€waived€this€challenge€to€theÐ Ô$  Ðindictment€because€he€did€not€timely€raise€the€matter;€that€the€defendant€did€not€suffer€prejudiceÐ À  Ðfrom€the€allowed€amendment€or€any€alleged€variance;€and€that€no€variance€existed€between€theÐ ¬ü  Ðamended€count€and€the€proof.Ð ˜è  Ðà  àIn€order€to€guide€our€inquiry,€we€must€begin€with€an€overview€of€what€transpired€with€thisÐ „Ô  Ðcount€of€the€indictment.€The€possession€count€on€which€the€jury€tried€the€defendant€initially€providedÐ pÀ Ðas€follows:Ð \¬ ÐÌà8  àòòCLARENCE€WILLIAM€CARTERóó€on€the€òò19òòthóóóó€day€of€òòNovemberóó,€19òò98óó,€in€DavidsonÐ 4„ ÐCounty,€Tennessee€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€knowingly€did€òòpossessÐ  p Ð26€grams€or€more€of€a€substance€containing€cocaineóó,€a€Schedule€òòIIóó€controlledÐ  \ Ðsubstance€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð[]39„17„417,€and€against€theÐ øH Ðpeace€and€dignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.ò òó óÐä4Ð Ð  ÐÌAt€the€close€of€the€proof€but€prior€to€argument,€the€trial€court€entered€into€a€discussion€with€bothÐ ¼  Ðparties€concerning€lesser„included€offenses.ò ò€ó ó€After€a€break€the€defense€returned€and€ultimatelyÐ ¨ø Ðalleged€that€the€possession€count€failed€to€charge€any€crime.ò ò€ó ó€The€defense€essentially€explained€thatÐ ˜è Ðthough€this€count€cited€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„417,€the€remaining€language€of€theÐ ˆØ Ðcount€at€best€charged€simple€possession׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€because€it€did€not€allege€that€the€defendant€manufactured,Ð tÄ Ðâ âdelivered,€sold,€or€possessed€the€cocaine€in€question€with€the€intent€to€engage€in€any€of€these€threeÐ ` ° Ðactivities€as€is€required€for€a€conviction€under€the€aforementioned€statute.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ò ò€ó ó€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ ° Ðâ â39„17„417.€Since€the€statute€cited€allegedly€did€not€coincide€with€the€remaining€language€describingÐ  ð Ðthe€offense,€the€defense€reasoned€that€this€rendered€the€count€void.ò ò€ó ó€The€defendant€asserted€that€thisÐ ŒÜ Ðwas€a€jurisdictional€matter€and€not€an€issue€of€notice,€as€the€defense€attorney€candidly€stated,€ð ðIððmÐ |Ì Ðnot€raising€notice.€€I€know€what€the€case€is€about.ððò òó óÐ h¸ Ðà  àWhile€ruling€on€the€defendantððs€motion€for€dismissal,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€the€countÐ T ¤ Ðwas€not€void.ò òó ó€To€support€this€conclusion,€the€court€observed€that€the€count€cites€the€statute,€theÐ @  Ðsubstance€that€the€defendant€is€charged€with€possessing,€the€amount€of€substance€involved,€and€theÐ , | Ðdate€on€which€the€offense€allegedly€occurred.ò òó ó€Though,€as€previously€stated,€the€defendant€did€notÐ  h Ðallege€that€the€count€failed€to€place€him€on€notice€of€the€charge€he€faced,€the€court€found€that€theÐ  T  Ðlanguage€used€was€sufficient€to€satisfy€the€notice€requirement.ò òó ó€To€underscore€this,€the€trial€courtÐ ð @  Ðcommented€to€the€defense,€ð ðitððs€ironic€that€itððs€not€until€the€Court€inquires€about€lesser€includedÐ Ü,  Ðoffenses€that€you€notice€this.€So,€you€obviously€have€not€been€prejudiced€by€this€particular€word,€orÐ È  Ðwords€[sic],€being€left€out€of€the€indictment.ððò ò€ó ó€Thereafter,€the€State€moved€to€amend€this€count€ofÐ ´  Ðthe€indictment€to€include€the€language€ð ðpossess€with€intent€to€deliver.ððò òó ó€While€the€trial€judge€hadÐ ¤ô  Ðmentioned€that€the€State€should€likely€ð ðelectðð€among€possession€with€intent€to€deliver,€to€sell,€or€toÐ à  Ðmanufacture,€the€judge€responded€to€this€motion€by€announcing,€ð ðIððll€grant€the€Stateððs€Motion€toÐ |Ì ÐAmend€Count€Two,€did€possess€with€intent€to€deliver€twenty„six€grams€or€more.ððò òó ó€The€trial€court€Ð h¸ Ðtook€this€action€over€the€defendantððs€objection.ò òó óÐ T¤ Ðà  àWe€first€address€the€question€of€waiver€for€failure€to€raise€this€matter€pre„trial.€The€StateÐ @ Ðcorrectly€cites€the€relevant€governing€rule€of€criminal€procedure.€Nevertheless,€we€disagree€with€theÐ ,| ÐStateððs€conclusion€based€upon€the€application€of€this€rule€to€the€facts€at€hand.€Tennessee€Rule€ofÐ h ÐCriminal€Procedure€12(b)€provides,€in€pertinent€part:Ð T ÐÌà8  à(b)€òòPretrial€Motionsóó.€Any€defense,€objection,€or€request€which€is€capable€ofÐ Ü, Ðdetermination€without€the€trial€of€the€general€issue€may€be€raised€before€trial€byÐ È Ðmotion€.€.€.€.€The€following€must€be€raised€prior€to€trial:€.€.€.€(2)€Defenses€andÐ ´ Ðobjections€based€on€defects€in€the€indictment,€presentment€or€information€(òòother€thanÐ  ð Ðthat€it€fails€to€show€jurisdiction€in€the€court€or€to€charge€an€offenseóó€which€objectionsÐ ŒÜ Ðshall€be€noticed€by€the€court€at€any€time€during€the€pendency€of€the€proceedings).€ÐxÈÐ Ð  ÐÌTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(2)€(emphasis€added)Ô#†X!XXX!ô#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÔ#†¼E»XX!Ï#ÔÔ‡X!X»¼EÔ.€Since€the€defendant€has€claimed€that€the€count€failedÐ P!  Ðto€charge€an€offense,€his€allegation€did€not€need€to€be€raised€pre„trial;€thus,€this€issue€is€not€waived.Ð <"Œ  Ðà  àWe,€therefore,€move€to€the€question€of€whether€the€possession€count€charges€an€offense.Ð (#x! ÐÔ#†X!XXX!2O#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„13„202,€in€pertinent€part,€provides€that€anÐ $d" Ðà8  àindictment€must€state€the€facts€constituting€the€offense€in€ordinary€and€conciseÐ ° Ðlanguage,€without€prolixity€or€repetition,€in€such€a€manner€as€to€enable€a€person€ofÐ œì Ðcommon€understanding€to€know€what€is€intended,€and€with€that€degree€of€certaintyÐ ˆØ Ðwhich€will€enable€the€court,€on€conviction,€to€pronounce€the€proper€judgment.€ÐtÄÐ Ð  ÐÐ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202.€Beyond€this€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€in€òòState€v.€Hillóó€noted€thatÐ L œ Ðð ðthe€purpose€for€the€traditionally€strict€pleading€requirement€was€the€existence€of€common€lawÐ 8 ˆ Ðoffenses€whose€elements€were€not€easily€ascertained€by€reference€to€a€statute.€Such€common€lawÐ $ t Ðoffenses€no€longer€exist.ðð€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€954€S.W.2d€725,€728€(Tenn.€1997).€Our€supreme€courtÐ  ` Ðquoted€this€language€in€a€subsequently€decided€case€adding€that€ð ð[w]ere€we€to€hold€otherwise,€weÐ ü L  Ðwould€be€embracing€technicalities€that€are€empty€and€without€reason.ðð€òòCrittenden€v.€Stateóó,€978Ð è 8  ÐS.W.2d€929,€931€(Tenn.€1998);€òòsee€alsoóó,€òòState€v.€Hammondsóó,€30€S.W.3d€294,€299€(Tenn.€2000)Ð Ô$  Ð(quoting€òòCrittendenóó,€978€S.W.2d€at€931).€Furthermore,€the€supreme€court€has€observed€Ð À  ÐÌà8  àthat€an€indictment€is€sufficient€to€satisfy€the€constitutional€guarantees€of€notice€to€theÐ ˜è  Ðaccused€if€the€indictment€contains€allegations€that€(1)€enable€the€accused€to€know€theÐ „Ô  Ðaccusation€to€which€answer€is€required;€(2)€furnish€the€trial€court€an€adequate€basisÐ pÀ Ðfor€entry€of€a€proper€judgment;€and€(3)€protect€the€accused€from€a€subsequentÐ \¬ Ðprosecution€for€the€same€offense.ÐH˜Ð Ð  ÐÌòòHammondsóó,€30€S.W.3d€at€299;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€727.Ô#†X!XXX!øP#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ԀР p Ðà  àIn€keeping€with€this€line€of€cases,€we€find€that€the€charge€meets€the€minimum€requirementsÐ  \ Ðfor€a€valid€indictment.€The€instant€case€is€not€one€in€which€the€count€of€the€indictment€stated€ð ðmereÐ øH Ðresults€or€conclusions.ðð€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Clarkóó,€2€S.W.3d€233,€237€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998).òòóó€In€additionÐ ä4 Ðto€the€date,€name€of€the€defendant,€and€statute€violated,€the€count€detailed€the€substance€involvedÐ Ð  Ðand€the€amount€possessed.€This€information€permitted€the€defendant€to€determine€the€class€of€felonyÐ ¼  Ðallegedly€committed€under€the€cited€statute.׃U×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(b)„(j).€€Moreover,Ð ¨ø Ðthe€prosecutionððs€use€of€the€word€ð ðpossessðð€limited€the€manner€in€which€the€State€alleged€the€crimeÐ ”ä Ðto€have€occurred€to€that€described€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„417(a)(4).€Granted,Ð €Ð Ðwithin€this€subsection€are€three€alternative€theories€by€which€the€defendant€could€have€committedÐ l¼ Ðthe€offense€(i.e.€by€possessing€the€substance€with€the€ð ðintent€to€manufacture,€deliver,€or€sellðð).€òòSeeóóÐ X ¨ ÐòòId.óó€However,€in€òòWyatt€v.€Stateóó,€24€S.W.3d€319€(Tenn.€2000),€our€supreme€court€upheld€the€validityÐ D!” Ðof€an€indictment€involving€attempt€which€cited€the€relevant€statute€(Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ 0"€  Ðâ âsection€39„12„101)€but€€made€ð ðno€reference€to€the€attempt€statuteððs€numbered€subsections€nor€[did]Ð #l! Ðit€specify€a€specific€act€or€course€of€conduct€constituting€the€ððattempt€to€kill.ððððòòóó׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€òòWyattóó,€24€S.W.3dÐ ° Ðâ âat€324„25.Ð œì Ðà  àIn€sum,€the€aforementioned€requirements€cited€in€òòHillóó€and€its€progeny€have€been€met€in€thisÐ ˆØ Ðcase.€By€the€admission€of€the€defense,€the€contested€count€of€the€indictment€succeeded€in€placingÐ tÄ Ðthe€defendant€on€notice€of€the€charge€he€faced.€Furthermore,€the€detail€provided€in€the€count€affordedÐ `° Ðthe€court€an€adequate€basis€to€enter€a€proper€judgment€and€protects€the€defendant€against€doubleÐ L œ Ðjeopardy.€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòÔ#†X!XXX!\Y#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€727.Ô#†X!XXX!xc#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô€€The€defendantððs€issues€related€to€the€facial€validity€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€possession€count€are,€therefore,€without€merit.׃À ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð $ t Ðà  àWe€next€briefly€dispense€with€the€matter€of€the€trial€courtððs€granting€the€Stateððs€motion€toÐ  ` Ðamend€this€count€of€the€indictment.€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€7(b)€states€that€ð ð[a]nÐ ü L  Ðindictment,€presentment€or€information€may€be€amended€in€all€cases€with€the€consent€of€theÐ è 8  Ðdefendant.€If€no€additional€or€different€offense€is€thereby€charged€and€no€substantial€rights€of€theÐ Ô$  Ðdefendant€are€thereby€prejudiced,€the€court€may€permit€an€amendment€without€the€defendantððsÐ À  Ðconsent€before€jeopardy€attaches.ðð€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€7(b).€€After€jeopardy€attaches€the€clearÐ ¬ü  Ðlanguage€of€Rule€7(b)€prohibits€any€amendments€to€the€indictment.€€In€a€jury€trial€jeopardy€attachesÐ ˜è  Ðwhen€the€jury€is€sworn.€€òòAhern€v.€Ahernóó,€15€S.W.3d€73,€80€(Tenn.€2000).€€As€above„noted,€the€trialÐ „Ô  Ðcourt€in€the€instant€case€allowed€the€prosecution€to€amend€this€count€of€the€defendantððs€indictmentÐ pÀ Ðafter€the€close€of€the€proof€and€over€the€defendantððs€objection.€Such€constituted€error.€However,Ð \¬ Ðsince€the€indictment€was€sufficient€prior€to€amendment,€no€new€or€different€offense€was€charged,Ð H˜ Ðand€the€defense€admitted€it€had€sufficient€notice€of€what€the€case€was€about,€the€error€was€harmless.Ð 4„ ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).òòóóÐ  p Ðà  àFurthermore,€we€find€no€ð ðfatal€variance.ðð€Such€claims€involve€a€variation€between€theÐ  \ Ðindictment€and€the€proof€presented€at€trial.€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Mayesóó,€854€S.W.2d€638,€640€(Tenn.Ð øH Ð1993).€These€issues€only€merit€relief€when€the€discrepancy€is€material€and€affects€a€defendantððsÐ ä4 Ðsubstantial€rights.€òòSee,€e.g.óó,òòóó€òòid.óó€at€640„41.€Our€supreme€court€has€provided€that€no€situation€of€thisÐ Ð  Ðtype€exists€if€ð ð(1)€the€indictment€otherwise€sufficiently€informs€the€defendant€of€the€charge€againstÐ ¼  Ðâ âhim€such€that€he€will€not€be€misled€and€can€adequately€plan€a€defense€and€(2)€the€variance€is€suchÐ ¨ø Ðthat€the€defendant€cannot€be€prosecuted€again€for€the€same€offense€due€to€double€jeopardyÐ ° Ðprinciples.ðð€òòId.óó€at€461.€Ð œì Ðâ âà  àFrom€the€defendantððs€brief€argument,€it€is€unclear€whether€he€actually€alleges€a€variationÐ ˆØ Ðbetween€the€indictment€and€the€proof.€In€many€respects€his€allegation€seems€to€rehash€the€above„Ð tÄ Ðdisposed€of€assertions.€As€aforementioned,€the€defendant€stated€this€issue€in€the€following€manner:Ð `° Ðð ðCount€2€charging€possession€of€over€26€grams€of€cocaine€fatally€varied€with€the€conviction€ofÐ L œ Ðpossession€of€over€26€grams€of€c[o]caine€with€intent€to€sell.ðð€In€making€his€argument,€the€defendantÐ 8 ˆ Ðalso€refers€to€notice€and€double€jeopardy.€Furthermore,€he€avers€that€ð ðthe€indictment€charges€anÐ $ t Ðoffense€different€from€the€offense€[for€which€the€defendant€was]€convicted.ððÐ  ` Ðà  àò òó óOur€previous€analysis€led€us€to€conclude€that€the€unamended€version€of€the€indictmentÐ ü L  Ðcharged€the€defendant€with€violating€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„417(a)(4).€TheÐ è 8  Ðdefendant€stands€convicted€of€this€offense.׃W×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€As€will€be€addressed€below,€we€find€that€the€proofÐ Ô$  Ðsupports€this€conviction.€Furthermore,€we€see€no€variance€between€the€unamended€possession€countÐ À  Ðand€the€evidence.€The€same€is€true€of€the€amended€possession€count€and€the€evidence.€We,€therefore,Ð ¬ü  Ðfind€no€variance€exists.€Moreover,€even€if€a€variance€were€involved,€we€have€already€determined€thatÐ ˜è  Ðthe€defendant€did€not€suffer€from€a€failure€of€notice€and€is€not€in€danger€of€facing€double€jeopardyÐ „Ô  Ðregarding€this€offense.€Thus,€any€discrepancy€would€not€have€been€fatal.€In€view€of€these€findings,Ð pÀ Ðwe€conclude€that€this€contention€also€merits€no€relief.Ð \¬ ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òòòValidity€of€the€Conspiracy€Countóóó óÐ  p ÐÌÓ vÓà  àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€the€conspiracy€count€did€not€ð ðallege€an€overt€act€in€pursuitÐ øH Ðof€the€conspiracyðð;€thus,€the€count€is€void.€Within€his€argument€the€defendant€further€avers€thatÐ ä4 Ðð ð[t]here€is€no€allegation€that€Mr.€Hutchinson€and€[the€defendant]€entered€into€an€agreement€that€oneÐ Ð  Ðor€more€of€them€would€engage€in€conduct€which€constitutes€the€offense€as€required€by€T.C.A.€ðð39„Ð ¼  Ð12„103(a)€and€(d).ðð€Additionally,€the€defendant€alleges€that€the€prosecution€erred€by€citing€in€thisÐ ¨ø Ðcount€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„417(j)€instead€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÐ ”ä Ð39„12„103.€In€response€the€State€asserts€that€the€defendant€waived€the€matter€by€failing€to€timelyÐ €Ð Ðchallenge€the€alleged€defect€and€that€the€language€of€the€indictment€is€sufficient.Ð l¼ Ðà  àAgain€we€begin€with€a€brief€overview€of€the€facts€surrounding€the€conspiracy€count€of€theÐ X ¨ Ðindictment€in€this€case.€This€count€provided€that€the€defendantÐ D!” ÐÌà8  àon€òòdivers€daysóó€between€the€___€day€of€òòMarchóó,€19òò98óó,€and€the€___€day€of€òòNovemberóó,Ð #l! Ð19òò98óó,€in€Davidson€County,€Tennessee€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€didÐ $X" Ðknowingly€agree€with€òòReginald€Hutchi[n]son€and€with€others,€known€and€unknownÐ ô$D # Ðto€the€Grand€Jury,óó€that€one€or€more€of€them€would€engage€in€conduct€that€constitutesÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€offense€ofò ò€ó óòòthe€sale€of€300€grams€or€more€of€a€substance€containing€cocaineóó,€withÐ Ì&"% Ðeach€having€the€culpable€mental€state€required€for€the€commission€of€that€offense,Ð ¼' #& Ðâ âand€with€each€acting€for€the€purpose€of€promoting€or€facilitating€the€commission€ofÐ ¨(ø#' Ðthe€offense,€and€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy€did€engage€in€one€or€more€of€theÐ ° Ðfollowing€overt€acts:ÐœìÐ Ð  Ðâ âà8  àòò1.€Reginald€Hutchi[n]son€maintained€a€house€at€1218€15òòthóó€Avenue€South€with€theÐ ˆØ Ðpurpose€of€storing,€repackaging,€and€safekeeping€cocaine;€ÐtÄÐ Ð  Ðà8  à2.€The€Defendant€Clarence€William€Carter€did€possess,€on€November€19,€1998,€overÐ `° Ð26€grams€of€cocaine;óóÐL œÐ Ð  Ðà8  àWherefore,€òòClarence€William€Carteróó€did€conspire€to€violate€Tennessee€CodeÐ 8 ˆ ÐAnnotated€òòðð[]39„17„417(j)óó€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð[]39„17„417,Ð $ t Ðand€the€defendant€acted€against€the€peace€and€dignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.Ð `Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€defense€first€raised€an€objection€to€the€language€of€this€count€in€its€amended€new€trial€motion.€ò òó óÐ è 8  Ðà  àAt€the€outset€we€note€that€the€Stateððs€claim€of€waiver€fails€once€more.€Like€the€defendantððsÐ Ô$  Ðchallenge€to€the€possession€count€of€his€indictment,€the€allegation€raised€through€this€issue€is€thatÐ À  Ðthe€trial€court€lacked€jurisdiction€to€consider€the€conspiracy€count€because€the€count€did€not€allegeÐ ¬ü  Ðan€overt€act€and,€thus,€did€not€state€a€criminal€offense.òòóó€òòóóPrecedent€leads€us€to€concur€with€theÐ ˜è  Ðdefendant€that€ð ð[a]€conspiracy€indictment€must€allege€an€overt€act€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracyÐ „Ô  Ðcharged.ðð€òòState€v.€Kelani€Melia€Mayeróó,€No.€W1999„00613„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð pÀ ÐLEXIS€363,€at€*6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€May€8,€2000);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Menceróó,€798€S.W.2dÐ \¬ Ð543,€546€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990);€òòState€v.€Thorpeóó,€614€S.W.2d€60,€65€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980).€Ð H˜ ÐTherefore,€this€type€of€claim€may€be€raised€at€any€time€and€has€not€been€waived.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.Ð 4„ ÐP.€12(b)(2).Ð  p Ðà  àÔ#†X!XXX!Õc#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔHowever,€contrary€to€the€defendantððs€allegation,€the€State€specifically€set€out€two€overt€actsÐ  \ Ðallegedly€committed€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy€as€required€by€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ øH Ðsection€39„12„103(d).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€These€overt€acts€are€enumerated€as€such€within€the€indictment.€It€appears€asÐ ä4 Ðthough€the€defendantððs€argument€revolves€around€the€fact€that€the€overt€acts€do€not€describe€jointÐ Ð  Ðactivities€of€the€defendant€and€his€co„conspirator.€However,€such€is€not€needed.€Caselaw€allows€aÐ ¼  Ðconviction€to€be€sustained€arising€from€an€indictment€wherein€only€one€overt€act€undertaken€by€oneÐ ¨ø Ðconspirator€is€alleged.€òòSeeóó€òòDeWees€v.€Stateóó,€390€S.W.2d€241,€242„44€(Tenn.€1965).€Moreover,€theÐ ”ä Ðconspiracy€statute€itself€provides€that€the€requisite€overt€act€may€be€done€by€the€applicable€defendantÐ €Ð Ðð ðor€by€another€with€whom€the€person€conspired.ðð€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„103(d).€This€portionÐ l¼ Ðof€the€defendantððs€claim€lacks€merit€since,€as€referenced,€the€conspiracy€count€in€the€instant€caseÐ X ¨ Ðalleges€not€merely€one€but€two€manifestations€of€the€intent€to€commit€the€offense€asserted€to€be€theÐ D!” Ðobject€of€the€conspiracy.Ô#†X!XXX!©†#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÐ 0"€  Ðà  à€Ô#†X!XXX!‘Œ#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔBriefly€turning€to€the€statute€defining€the€crime€of€conspiracy,€we€find€that,€to€support€suchÐ #l! Ða€conviction,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„12„103(a)€requires€the€State€to€prove€thatÐ $X" ÐÌÓ SÓÔ#†X!XXX!õŒ#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÓ  ÓÓ  Óà8  àtwo€(2)€or€more€people,€each€having€the€culpable€mental€state€required€for€the€offenseÐ à%0!$ Ðwhich€is€the€object€of€the€conspiracy€and€each€acting€for€the€purpose€of€promotingÐ Ì&"% Ðor€facilitating€commission€of€an€offense,€agree€that€one€(1)€or€more€of€them€willÐ ° Ðengage€in€conduct€which€constitutes€such€offense.€Ð œì ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„103(a).€Though€the€defendant€correctly€notes€that€the€State€did€not€cite€thisÐ Ç Ðsection€of€the€code€within€the€conspiracy€count,€a€comparison€of€this€count€with€the€statute€makesÐ ³ Ðit€evident€that€the€State€did€essentially€track€the€language€used€therein.€We€further€find€that,€againÐ Ÿ ï Ðcontrary€to€the€defendantððs€assertion,€this€count€did€include€an€allegation€that€the€defendant€andÐ ‹ Û Ðð ðHutchi[n]sonðð€knowingly€agreed€ð ðthat€one€or€more€of€them€would€engage€in€conduct€thatÐ w Ç Ðconstitutes€the€offense€of€òòthe€sale€of€300€grams€or€more€of€a€substance€containing€cocaineóó.ðð€€Ð c ³ Ðà  àÔ#†X!XXX!2Ž#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔIn€conclusion,€we€review€the€requirements€outlined€above€as€set€out€in€Tennessee€CodeÐ ¢ ò  ÐAnnotatedòòóó€section€40„13„202€and€in€òòState€v.€Hillóó€and€its€progeny.€Ô#†X!XXX!“#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔWhile€the€safer€practice€may€haveÐ ŽÞ  Ðbeen€for€the€prosecution€to€also€cite€the€conspiracy€statute,€this€defendant€was€placed€on€notice€ofÐ zÊ  Ðthe€crime€with€which€he€was€charged€and€the€count€provided€sufficient€grounds€to€enable€the€trialÐ f¶  Ðcourt€to€enter€a€proper€judgment€against€him.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Moreover,€the€language€used€did€not€subject€theÐ R¢  Ðdefendant€to€a€risk€of€double€jeopardy.€For€the€foregoing€reasons€we€determine€that€the€conspiracyÐ >Ž  Ðcount€is€valid€and€that€this€issue€lacks€merit.€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202;€òòHammondsóó,Ð *z Ð30€S.W.3d€at€299;€òòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€727.Ð f ÐÌÌÓ]ŽÓÓ  Óòòò òSufficiencyó óóóÐ Ó# ÐÌÔ#†X!XXX!”#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÓq—Óò òó óÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant€next€contends€that€the€proof€is€insufficient€to€sustain€both€of€his€convictions.€Ð Q¡ Ðà X àà ° àWith€respect€to€his€conspiracy€conviction,€the€defendant€particularly€asserts€that€the€proof€isÐ = Ðinsufficient€because€the€State€failed€1)€to€allege€and€prove€an€overt€act;€2)€to€prove€the€existence€ofÐ )y Ðan€agreement€between€the€defendant€and€Hutchinson;€3)€to€prove€that€the€defendant€committed€anyÐ e Ðcriminal€acts;€and€4)€to€prove€the€requisite€quantity€of€cocaine€for€the€convicted€offense.€€RegardingÐ Q Ðhis€possession€conviction,€the€defendant€avers€that€the€proof€points€to€Hutchinsonððs€possession€ofÐ í= Ðthe€narcotics€but€not€to€the€defendantððs.Ð Ù) Ðà  àWhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€is€obliged€to€reviewÐ !h Ðthat€claim€according€to€certain€well-settled€principles.€A€verdict€of€guilty,€rendered€by€a€jury€andÐ "T Ðð ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€theðð€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€allÐ ð"@ Ðconflicts€in€the€testimony€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€Ð Ü#, ÐòòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€Thus,€although€the€accused€is€originally€cloakedÐ È$  Ðwith€a€presumption€of€innocence,€the€jury€verdict€of€guilty€removes€this€presumption€ð ðand€replacesÐ ´%!! Ðit€with€one€of€guilt.ðð€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€Hence,€on€appeal,€theÐ  &ð!" Ðburden€of€proof€rests€with€the€defendant€to€demonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€Ð Œ'Ü"# ÐòòId.óó€The€relevant€question€the€reviewing€court€must€answer€is€whether€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÐ x(È#$ Ðhave€found€the€accused€guilty€of€every€element€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð ° ÐR.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€at€75.€In€making€this€decision,€we€are€to€accord€the€State€ð ðtheÐ œì Ðstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€mayÐ ˆØ Ðbe€drawn€therefrom.ðð€òòSeeóó€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€As€such,€this€Court€is€precluded€from€re„Ð tÄ Ðweighing€or€reconsidering€the€evidence€in€evaluating€the€convicting€proof.€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€929Ð `° ÐS.W.2d€380,€383€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð L œ ÐApp.€1990).€€Moreover,€we€may€not€substitute€our€own€ð ðinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðfact€from€circumstantial€evidence.ðð€òòId.óó€at€779.€òòóóWhile€the€trier€of€fact€must€be€able€to€ð ðdetermine€fromÐ $ t Ðthe€proof€that€all€other€reasonable€theories€except€that€of€guilt€are€excluded,ðð€a€criminal€offense€mayÐ  ` Ðbe€established€exclusively€by€circumstantial€evidence.€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€901€S.W.2d€393,€396€(Tenn.Ð ü L  ÐCrim.€App.€1995)òòóó;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó,€òòe.góó.,€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896,€899-900€(Tenn.€1987)òòóó.Ð è 8  Ðà  àFirst€addressing€the€conspiracy€count,€we€again€note€that€to€sustain€this€type€of€conviction,Ð 'w  ÐTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„12„103(a)€requires€the€State€to€prove€thatà8 @® àÔSf¶ c ÔÔ#†X!XXX!Í—#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÐ f¶  ÐÓ  ÓÓ  Óà8  àtwo€(2)€or€more€people,€each€having€the€culpable€mental€state€required€for€the€offenseÐ ¥õ  Ðwhich€is€the€object€of€the€conspiracy€and€each€acting€for€the€purpose€of€promotingÐ ‘á  Ðor€facilitating€commission€of€an€offense,€agree€that€one€(1)€or€more€of€them€willÐ }Í Ðengage€in€conduct€which€constitutes€such€offense.€Ð i¹ ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„103(a).€€The€remaining€pertinent€portion€of€this€section€provides€that€ð ð[n]oÐ ”ä Ðperson€may€be€convicted€of€conspiracy€to€commit€an€offense€unless€an€overt€act€in€pursuance€of€suchÐ €Ð Ðconspiracy€is€alleged€and€proved€to€have€been€done€by€the€person€or€by€another€with€whom€theÐ l¼ Ðperson€conspired.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„103(d).€In€the€instant€case€the€offense€alleged€to€haveÐ X¨ Ðbeen€the€object€of€the€conspiracy€was€ð ðòòthe€sale€of€300€grams€or€more€of€a€substance€containingÐ D” Ðcocaineóó€.€.€.€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð[]39„17„417.ðð€€Ð 0€ Ðà  àWith€this€background€we€analyze€the€evidence€presented.€The€sharing€of€vehicles€andÐ o¿ Ðfinancial€responsibility€therefor€between€these€two€individuals€suggest€involvement€in€each€otherððsÐ [« Ðaffairs.ò òó ó€Ô#†X!XXX!3¦#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔIn€addition,€the€trash€pulls€referenced€earlier€revealed€mail€belonging€to€the€defendant€andÐ G— Ðto€Hutchinson€intermingled€in€each€otherððs€garbage.ò ò€ó ó€These€pulls€also€led€to€the€discovery€of€anÐ 3ƒ Ðempty€box€of€baggies,€the€likes€of€which€are€commonly€used€to€package€cocaine€for€distribution;Ð # s Ðlatex€gloves,€often€utilized€by€cocaine€dealers€to€prevent€product€from€being€absorbed€into€their€skinÐ !_ Ðwhile€packaging;€Inositol,€a€cutting€agent€added€to€cocaine€to€increase€the€total€amount€of€productÐ û!K Ðavailable€for€sale;€and,€in€some€of€the€otherwise€empty€bags,€cocaine€residue.ò ò€ó ó€Beyond€this,€the€policeÐ ç"7 Ðdiscovered€the€defendant€essentially€surrounded€by€evidence€of€drug€dealing€upon€executing€a€searchÐ ×#'  Ðwarrant€at€Hutchinsonððs€residence.ò òó ó€Baggies€of€cocaine€were€in€plain€sight€throughout€the€room;Ð Ã$ ! Ðelectric€scales,€again€commonly€used€for€measuring€street„quantity€sales€of€cocaine,€were€discoveredÐ ¯%ÿ " Ðnear€the€defendant;€a€box€of€rubber€gloves€and€hundreds€of€dollars€were€also€located€in€his€vicinity;Ð ›&ë!# Ðetc.€ò òó óMoreover,€two€officers€testified€that,€upon€entering,€they€saw€loose€cocaine€flying€through€theÐ ‡'×"$ Ðair€coming€from€the€defendantððs€direction.€ò òó óIn€fact,€one€officer€stated€that€he€had€seen€the€defendantÐ s(Ã#% Ðthrow€the€bag€of€cocaine.ò òó ó€According€to€yet€another€officer€the€defendant€stated,€while€being€booked,Ð _)¯$& Ðthat€he€had€been€trying€to€knock€cocaine€off€of€the€table€when€the€officers€came€into€the€home.€ò ò€ó óAsÐ K*›%' Ðpreviously€noted,€testing€revealed€that€two€hundred€ninety„four€grams€of€cocaine€had€been€seizedÐ ;+‹&( Ðat€the€scene.ò òÔ#†X!XXX!¬#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ôó ó€Officer€Danny€Eddingsðð€testimony€indicated€that€ð ðquite€a€bitðð€of€the€cocaine€spilled€onÐ ',w') Ðthe€carpet€had€not€been€recovered.ò òó ó€The€period€of€time€involved€in€the€indictment€would€have€alsoÐ ° Ðincluded€the€residue€above„referenced,€cocaine€involved€in€one€or€two€sales€HutchinsonÐ œì Ðacknowledged€making€earlier€on€the€day€of€the€arrest,€etc.ò òÐ ˆØ ÐÔ#†X!XXX!‹³#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÓs¦ÓÓ  Óó óà  àWithin€an€earlier€issue€we€addressed€the€defendantððs€contention€that€the€State€did€not€allegeÐ Ç Ðan€overt€act.€Both€maintaining€a€structure€for€ð ðstoring,€repackaging,€and€safekeeping€cocaineðð€andÐ ³ Ðpossessing€more€than€twenty„six€grams€of€cocaine€constitute€actions€committed€in€furtherance€of€theÐ Ÿ ï Ðalleged€conspiracy.€We€now€find€that€the€record€reflects€sufficient€proof€supporting€not€only€one,€butÐ ‹ Û Ðboth€of€these€allegations.€Ð w Ç Ðà  àAdditionally,€our€courts€have€long„held€thatÐ ¶  ÐÓ  ÓÓ  Óà8  àÔ#†X!XXX!~µ#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔTo€prove€a€conspiracy,€it€is€not€necessary€that€the€State€show€a€formal€agreementÐ õ E  Ðbetween€the€parties€to€do€the€unlawful€act,€but€a€mutual€implied€understanding€isÐ á1  Ðsufficient,€although€not€manifested€by€any€formal€words,€or€by€a€written€agreement.Ð Í  ÐThe€unlawful€confederation€may€be€established€by€circumstantial€evidence€and€theÐ ¹  Ðconduct€of€the€parties€in€the€execution€of€the€criminal€enterprise.€Ð¥õ Ð Ð  ÐÓ6¸ÓÌòòÓ  ÓRandolph€v.€Stateóó,€570€S.W.2d€869,€871€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978);€òòsee€alsoóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Pikeóó,€978Ð #s ÐS.W.2d€904,€915„16€(Tenn.€1998).€Ô#†X!XXX!q¸#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔThe€jury€could€reasonably€infer€from€the€facts€above„providedÐ _ Ðthe€existence€of€an€agreement€between€Hutchinson€and€the€defendant€to€sell€cocaine.Ð ûK Ðà  àWe€also€remain€unpersuaded€by€the€defendantððs€claim€that€the€State€failed€to€prove€criminalÐ :Š Ðactivity€on€the€defendantððs€part.€In€making€this€argument,€the€defense€focuses€on€Officer€TaylorððsÐ &v Ðresponses€to€questions€asked€of€him€during€cross„examination€and€on€potentially€exculpatoryÐ b Ðtestimony€provided€by€Hutchinson.€When€questioned€at€trial€by€the€defense,€Taylor€essentiallyÐ þN Ðaffirmed€on€two€occasions€that€he€ð ðhad€observed€no€criminal€activity€duringðð€the€surveillance€periodÐ ê: Ðprior€to€the€search.ò ò€€ó óLater€during€the€defendantððs€case„in„chief,€Hutchinson€testified€that€theÐ Ö& Ðdefendant€had€no€involvement€with€the€cocaine€and€was€ð ðan€innocent€man.ðð€ò òó óWhile€proof€of€thisÐ Æ Ðnature€afforded€the€defendant€information€to€potentially€sway€the€jury€in€his€favor,€the€fact€remainsÐ ² Ðthat€the€jury€rejected€such€proof€and€found€him€guilty.€Our€review€reveals€many€aspects€ofÐ žî ÐHutchinsonððs€testimony€calling€into€question€this€witnessðð€credibility.€Among€these€were€his€mannerÐ ŠÚ Ðof€responding€to€various€questions€asked€on€cross„examination€and€his€prior€drug€offenses€from€1989Ð v Æ Ðor1990;€1991;€and€the€related€1998€conviction€arising€from€this€series€of€events.ò ò€ó ó€In€addition,€otherÐ b!² Ðportions€of€Officer€Taylorððs€and€additional€officersðð€testimonies€referenced€above€supply€evidenceÐ R"¢ Ðthat€supports€each€element€of€the€conspiracy€charged€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€Ð >#Ž Ðà  àFinally,€we€look€to€the€defendantððs€assertion€regarding€the€amount€of€cocaine€that€the€StateÐ }$Í  Ðalleges€he€conspired€to€sell.€It€is€true€that€the€total€amount€of€substance€tested€by€the€forensicÐ i%¹ ! Ðscientist€from€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€was€two€hundred€ninety„four€grams.ò ò€ó ó€However,Ð U&¥!" Ðas€noted€in€the€above€recitation€of€the€facts,€the€record€also€contains€testimony€regarding€one€or€twoÐ E'•"# Ðcocaine€sales€made€by€Hutchinson€on€the€morning€of€the€arrest,€cocaine€residue€found€in€the€trashÐ 1(#$ Ðpulls,€ð ðquite€a€bitðð€of€loose€cocaine€left€on€the€floor€resulting€from€the€tossing€of€a€bag€of€thisÐ )m$% Ðsubstance€as€the€search€began,€etc.€ò òó óFrom€this€type€of€proof,€the€jury€could€reasonably€infer€that€theÐ  *Y%& Ðdefendant€and€Hutchinson€had€conspired€to€sell€three€hundred€grams€or€more€of€cocaine€during€theÐ õ*E&' Ðmonths€covered€by€the€first€count€of€the€indictment€on€which€the€defendant€was€tried.Ð á+1'( Ðà  àViewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€and€resolving€all€conflicts€in€the€favorÐ ° Ðof€the€State,€we€find€sufficient€proof€to€support€each€of€the€elements€above„provided.€As€none€of€theÐ œì Ðdefendantððs€arguments€have€persuaded€us€otherwise,€we€find€that€this€issue€merits€no€relief.Ð ˆØ Ðà  àWe€therefore€next€consider€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððsÐ Ç Ðconviction€of€possession€of€twenty„six€grams€or€more€of€cocaine.€Apparently€the€defendant€seeksÐ ³ Ðto€argue€that€he€had€no€involvement€with€the€cocaine€seized€as€a€result€of€the€search€in€this€case.€ToÐ Ÿ ï Ðthis€end€he€uses€the€following€language€in€framing€this€issue:€ð ðthe€drugs€were€found€inÐ ‹ Û ÐHutchin[son]ððs€house€and€Hutchinson€had€been€selling€cocaine€before€[the€defendantððs]€arrival.ððÐ w Ç ÐFurthermore,€within€the€body€of€the€defendantððs€argument,€the€defendant€makes€reference€toÐ c ³ ÐHutchinsonððs€testimony€proclaiming€the€defendant€ð ðan€innocent€manðð€who€ð ðdidnððt€have€nothing€[sic]Ð O Ÿ  Ðto€do€with€nothing€[sic].ððò òó óÐ ;‹  Ðà  àTurning€once€more€to€the€relevant€portions€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„417,Ð zÊ  Ðin€order€to€sustain€this€conviction,€the€prosecution€needed€to€prove€that€the€defendant€ð ðknowinglyÐ f¶  Ð.€.€.€[p]ossess[ed]€a€controlled€substance€with€intent€to€.€.€.€deliver€.€.€.€[t]wenty„six€(26)€grams€orÐ R¢  Ðmore€of€any€substance€containing€cocaine.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(a)(4),€(i)(5).€Applying€thisÐ >Ž  Ðstandard€to€the€facts€at€hand,€we€find€that€the€record€supports€the€juryððs€verdict.€For€example,€whenÐ *z Ðthe€police€entered€Hutchinsonððs€residence,€the€defendant€was€almost€literally€surrounded€by€itemsÐ f Ðinvolved€in€the€drug€trade:€numerous€bags€of€cocaine,€money,€scales,€etc.€ò òó óFurthermore,€the€defendantÐ R Ðwas€apparently€in€the€process€of€attempting€to€hide€some€of€the€cocaine€as€the€officers€entered€toÐ î> Ðconduct€the€search.€While€this€Court€has€held€ð ðthat€mere€presence€at€a€location€where€drugs€are€soldÐ Ú* Ðor€mere€association€with€those€selling€drugs€is€not€sufficient€to€establish€criminal€liability,ðð€the€CourtÐ Æ Ðadded€that€each€case€is€fact€specific.€òòState€v.€Bigsbyóó,€40€S.W.3d€87,€91€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).Ð ² ÐThus,€based€on€the€facts€presented€viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution€andÐ žî Ðresolving€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€State,€we€find€the€evidence€sufficient€to€support€the€possessionÐ ŠÚ Ðconviction€also.òòóóÐ vÆ ÐÌÓ  Óò òòòLesser„Included€Offense€Instructionóóó óÐ ôD ÐÌÓŽÒÓà  àThrough€his€next€issue€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€instructing€theÐ r  Ðjury€regarding€conspiracy€to€sell€or€deliver€less€than€three€hundred€grams€of€cocaine.׃b×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú15Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Ô#†X!XXX!|»#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔThe€analysisÐ ^!® Ðof€this€matter€typically€involves€a€multi„step€process€as€set€out€by€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€inÐ J"š ÐòòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453€(Tenn.€1999),€and€its€progeny.€However,€we€need€not€delve€into€thisÐ 6#† Ðanalysis€here.€Though€neither€the€defense€nor€the€State€cite€this€Court€to€the€appropriate€portion€ofÐ "$r  Ðthe€record,€a€review€of€the€trial€transcript€demonstrates€that€the€trial€court€did,€in€fact,€instruct€theÐ %^ ! Ðâ âjury€concerning€ð ðthe€lesser€included€offense€of€[c]onspiracy€to€[s]ell€twenty„six€(26)€grams€or€moreÐ ú%J!" Ðof€a€substance€containing€[c]ocaine,€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substance.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú16Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ò òó ó€The€jury€found€theÐ ° Ðâ âdefendant€guilty€of€the€greater€offense.׃Ü×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú17Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€This€issue€has€no€merit.€€Ð œì ÐÌÓ  Óòòò òSentencingó óóóÐ j ÐÌÓsØÓà  àFinally,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him.€More€specifically,Ð ˜ è Ðthe€defendant€alleged€that€he€should€not€have€been€sentenced€as€a€multiple€offender€because€the€StateÐ „ Ô Ðfailed€to€give€appropriate€notice€and€because€the€proof€insufficiently€established€that€the€supportingÐ p À Ðconvictions€were€his.€Furthermore,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€inappropriatelyÐ \ ¬ Ðimposed€consecutive€sentences€in€his€case,€resulting€in€his€being€ordered€to€serve€an€excessiveÐ H˜  Ðnumber€of€years.Ð 4„  ÐÓ  ÓA.€Standard€of€ReviewÐ sà  ÐÓ<ÛÓÔ#†X!XXX!=Ô#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ôà  àð ðWhen€reviewing€sentencing€issues€.€.€.€,€the€appellate€court€shall€conduct€a€de€novo€reviewÐ ²  Ðon€the€record€of€such€issues.€€Such€review€shall€be€conducted€with€a€presumption€that€theÐ žî  Ðdeterminations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ ŠÚ Ð40-35-401(d).€€ð ðHowever,€the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trial€courtððs€actionÐ vÆ Ðis€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÐ b² Ðsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ð Nž Ð169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€conducting€our€review,€we€must€consider€the€defendantððs€potential€forÐ :Š Ðrehabilitation,€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing€evidence,€the€pre„sentence€report,€the€sentencingÐ &v Ðprinciples,€the€sentencing€alternative€arguments,€the€nature€and€character€of€the€offense,€theÐ b Ðenhancing€and€mitigating€factors,€and€the€defendantððs€statements.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40-35-103(5),Ð þN Ð-210(b);€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€We€are€to€also€recognize€that€the€defendant€bears€the€burdenÐ ê: Ðof€demonstrating€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.òòóóÔ#†X!XXX!¥Û#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÐ Ö& ÐÓ  ÓB.€Notice€of€Enhanced€Sentencing€RangeÐ e ÐÓ áÓà  àIn€analyzing€the€Stateððs€alleged€failure€to€properly€notify€the€defendant€of€its€intent€to€seekÐ T¤ Ðto€have€him€sentenced€as€a€multiple€offender,€we€turn€first€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„Ð @ Ð35„202.€This€statute,€in€pertinent€part,€states:Ð , | ÐÔ#†X!XXX!lá#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÓ  ÓÓ  Óà8  àÔ#†X!XXX!Zã#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔIf€the€district€attorney€general€believes€that€a€defendant€should€be€sentenced€as€aÐ k!» Ðmultiple,€persistent€or€career€offender,€the€district€attorney€general€shall€file€aÐ W"§ Ðstatement€thereof€with€the€court€and€defense€counsel€not€less€than€ten€(10)€daysÐ C#“ Ðbefore€trial€or€acceptance€of€a€guilty€plea;€provided,€that€notice€may€be€waived€by€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€in€writing€with€the€consent€of€the€district€attorney€general€and€the€courtÐ œì Ðaccepting€the€plea.€Such€statement,€which€shall€not€be€made€known€to€the€juryÐ ˆØ Ðdetermining€the€guilt€or€innocence€of€the€defendant€on€the€primary€offense,€must€setÐ tÄ Ðforth€the€nature€of€the€prior€felony€convictions,€the€dates€of€the€convictions€and€theÐ `° Ðidentity€of€the€courts€of€the€convictions.ÐL œÐ Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„202(a).€Furthermore,€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€12.3(a)Ð Ê  Ðprovides:à8 ` àÔS Y¶ ÔÐ Y` x` x ÐÔ#†X!XXX!Àã#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÓ…ãÓÓ  Óà8  àÔ#†X!XXX!Fè#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔWritten€statements€of€the€district€attorney€giving€notice€that€the€defendant€should€beÐ H˜  Ðsentenced€to€an€enhanced€punishment,€for€an€especially€aggravated€offense,€and/orÐ 4„  Ðas€a€persistent€offender€shall€be€filed€not€less€than€ten€(10)€days€prior€to€trial.€If€theÐ  p  Ðnotice€is€filed€later€than€this€time,€the€trial€judge€shall€grant€the€defendant,€uponÐ  \  Ðmotion,€a€reasonable€continuance€of€the€trial.ÐøH Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12.3(a).Ð vÆ Ðà  àConsidering€the€facts€of€this€case,€we€find€that€the€question€is€not€one€of€late„filed€notice,€butÐ µ Ðrather€whether€notice€was€ever€filed€with€regard€to€the€indictment€on€which€the€defendant€was€tried.Ð ¡ñ ÐThe€technical€record€reveals€that€almost€a€year€before€the€trial,€the€State€filed€notice€of€enhancedÐ Ý Ðpunishment€ð ðpursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð[]40„35„202.ððò òó ó€However,€the€State€filed€theÐ yÉ Ðnotice€on€case€number€99„A„689,€the€original€indictment€under€which€the€defendant€was€charged.Ð eµ ÐThis€indictment€was€limited€to€two€counts€charging€the€defendant€with€possession€ð ðòòwith€intent€toÐ Q¡ Ðdeliver€300€grams€or€more€of€a€substance€containing€cocaineóóðð€and€with€carrying€ð ðòòa€firearmóó,€inÐ = Ðviolation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð[]39„17„1307.ððò òó ó€Apparently,€after€learning,€for€example,€thatÐ )y Ðthe€total€weight€of€substance€recovered€measured€only€two€hundred€ninety„four€grams,€the€StateÐ e Ðreturned€to€the€grand€jury€and€obtained€an€indictment€lowering€the€amount€possessed€to€twenty„sixÐ Q Ðgrams€or€more.׃c×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú18Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ò òó ó€This€indictment€also€included€the€weapons€offense€essentially€as€phrased€in€theÐ í= Ðoriginal€indictment׃d×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú19Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€the€additional€charges€regarding€conspiracy€and€money€laundering.€ò òó óTheÐ Ù) Ðcase€number€recorded€for€his€indictment€was€99„C„1975.€ò òó óThere€is€no€allegation€that€the€State€filedÐ Å  Ða€notice€of€enhancement€under€this€case€number€nor€does€the€record€reveal€such.€Ð ±! Ðà  àAt€the€time€of€sentencing,€the€State€began€introducing€convictions€to€support€sentencing€theÐ ð"@ Ðdefendant€as€a€multiple€offender,€and€the€defense€alleged€that€the€State€had€failed€to€timely€giveÐ Ü#, Ðnotice€that€it€would€be€seeking€this.€ò ò€ó óIn€response,€the€prosecution€claimed€that€99„C„1975€€constitutedÐ È$  Ða€superseding€indictment.ò ò€€ó óThe€defense€disputed€the€validity€of€applying€this€terminology€to€the€factsÐ ¸%!! Ðat€hand.ò òó ó€The€trial€court€noted€that€a€motion€to€suppress€arising€from€this€case€had€been€heard€onlyÐ ° Ðunder€case€number€99„A„689;€that€both€case€numbers€had€been€set€on€February€7,€2000,€in€the€sameÐ œì Ðcourt;€and€that€on€that€date€the€State€had€moved€to€dismiss€99„A„689€òòóóand€the€court€had€assigned€99„Ð ˆØ ÐC„1975€a€March€of€2000€trial€date.ò òó óÐ tÄ Ðà  àAfter€making€these€observations,€the€trial€court€heard€additional€argument€and€announcedÐ ³ Ðits€findings.€Within€these€the€court€stated€that€99„C„1975€superseded€99„A„689€and€that€the€noticeÐ Ÿ ï Ðgiven€under€99„A„689€sufficed€for€sentencing€on€convictions€arising€out€of€99„C„1975.ò ò€ó ó€The€courtÐ ‹ Û Ðfurther€made€reference€to€the€fact€that€the€conduct€tried€arose€out€of€events€ð ðallegedly€occurring€inÐ { Ë ÐNovember€of€[1998],€stemming€from€this€search€warrant€that€we€had€full€and€lengthy€hearings€onÐ g · Ðunderðð€99„A„689.ò òó ó€Moreover,€the€court€offered€its€opinion€that€the€defense€attorney,€the€State,€andÐ S £  Ðthe€defendant€were€aware€that€the€defendant€ð ðhad€been€given€notice€as€[to€the€defendantððs€potentialÐ ?  Ðmultiple]€offender€[status]€on€the€indictments€that€stem€from€the€trial.ððò òó óÐ +{  Ðà  àA€somewhat€analogous€situation€is€presented€in€òòState€v.€Chaseóó,€873€S.W.2d€7€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð jº  ÐApp.€1993).Ô#†X!XXX!°è#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô€Therein,€the€prosecution€originally€indicted€Chase€for€theft€and€later€filed€a€notice€ofÐ V¦  Ðenhancement.€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€8„9.€The€State€subsequently€sought€a€second€indictment€charging€Chase€withÐ B’  Ðalternative€counts€of€theft€arising€from€the€same€taking€of€property;€however,€the€State€did€not€fileÐ .~ Ðanother€notice€of€enhancement.€òòId.óó€at€9.€The€òòChaseóó€Court€found:ÔSm½jÔÐ m½ ÐÔ#†X!XXX!Tú#ÔÓuèÓÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÓ  Óà8  àThe€record€shows€that€the€second€indictment€was€a€reindictment€for€the€same€offenseÐ ¬ü Ðas€charged€in€the€first€indictment.€Both€indictments€applied€to€the€same€victim,€theÐ ˜è Ðsame€vehicle,€the€same€date€and€time,€the€same€defendant€and€the€same€crime.€Thus,Ð „Ô Ðthe€notice€filed€in€the€first€indictment€gave€the€defendant€fair€warning€that€the€StateÐ pÀ Ðintended€to€seek€an€enhanced€punishment€for€that€crime.€Since€the€defendant€wasÐ \¬ Ðwell€aware€of€the€existence€of€both€indictments€and€since€both€indictments€chargedÐ H˜ Ðthe€same€crime,€there€was€no€reason€to€believe€enhanced€sentencing€would€not€applyÐ 4„ Ðto€a€conviction€under€either€indictment.€The€purposes€of€the€act€as€set€out€in€òò[StateÐ  p Ðv.]€Adamsóó[,€788€S.W.2d€557,€559€(Tenn.€1990)]€were€accomplished.€The€defendantÐ  \ Ðwas€in€no€way€misled€or€surprised.€From€the€facts€it€is€evident€that€the€intent€ofÐ øH ÐT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„202€was€fulfilled.€Ðä4Ð Ð  ÐÌòòChaseóó,€873€S.W.2d€at€9.€Ô#†X!XXX!†ü#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô€The€referenced€intent€of€such€notice€is€ð ðto€order€plea„bargaining,€to€informÐ b!² Ðdecisions€concerning€pleadings€and€to€aid€in€trial€strategy.ðð€òòId.óó;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòAdamsóó,€788€S.W.2d€at€559.Ð N"ž Ðà  àMore€recently,€this€Court€decided€€òòState€v.€Jerome€Sawyeróó,€No.€W2001„01923„CCA„R3„CD,Ð #Ý Ð2002€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€750,€at€*1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€Aug.€27,€2002).€In€òòSawyeróó,Ð y$É  Ðthe€State€sought€a€second€indictment€for€aggravated€sexual€battery€extending€the€time€frame€duringÐ e%µ ! Ðwhich€the€same€offense€alleged€in€the€first€indictment€could€have€occurred.€òòId.óó€at€*1,€*10,€*13.€ThisÐ Q&¡!" Ðtime€frame€encompassed€the€date€alleged€in€the€original€indictment.€òòId.óó€at€*13.€Againòòóó€the€prosecutionÐ ='"# Ðdid€not€file€a€notice€of€enhancement€on€the€new€indictment€as€it€had€on€the€prior€one.€òòId.óó€at€*11òòóó.Ð )(y#$ ÐNevertheless,€this€Court€held€that€the€first€notice€was€sufficient€to€cover€the€subsequent€indictmentÐ )e$% Ðthough€the€time€period€was€extended€in€the€second.€òòId.óó€at€*13„*14.€In€so€finding,€the€Court€stated:Ð *Q%& ÐÔ#†X!XXX!S#ÔÓ¥üÓÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÓ  Óà8  àEven€though€the€second€indictment€may€have€merely€been€a€contrivance€to€allow€[theÐ @+&' Ðvictim]€to€testify€about€three€additional€incidents€when€the€defendant€had€sexualÐ ,,|'( Ðcontact€with€her,€both€indictments€alleged€a€time€frame€that€encompassed€OctoberÐ ° Ð22,€1999,€and€the€state€apparently€maintained€throughout€the€proceedings€that€itÐ œì Ðwould€elect€the€October€22,€1999€event€as€the€basis€for€securing€a€conviction€on€theÐ ˆØ Ðsingle„count€indictment.€We€point€out€that,€even€though€the€second€indictment€mayÐ tÄ Ðhave€broadened€the€stateððs€field€of€choices€from€which€to€elect€a€punishable€crime,Ð `° Ðonly€òòone€offenseóó€was€alleged€in€each€indictment.€In€this€situation,€we€hold€that€òòChaseóóÐ L œ Ðcompels€the€result€that€the€defendant€received€notice€through€the€notice€filed€in€[theÐ 8 ˆ Ðfirst]€case.Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€Ð ¢ ò  Ðà  àWith€this€background€we€turn€once€again€to€the€instant€appeal.€Unquestionably,€the€above„Ð á1  Ðcited€cases€are€not€entirely€analogous€to€the€situation€presented€here.€The€second€set€of€charges€inÐ Í  Ðthis€matter€includes€two€new€offenses€(conspiracy€and€money€laundering).€However,€the€subsequentÐ ¹  Ðcharging€instrument€does€set€out€one€offense€that€is€the€same€in€both€indictments€(illegal€possessionÐ ¥õ  Ðof€a€weapon)€and€another€count€that€is€a€lesser„included€offense€of€a€crime€charged€in€the€originalÐ ‘á  Ðindictment€(possession€of€26€grams€or€more€of€a€substance€containing€cocaine).Ô#†X!XXX!‡#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô€Furthermore,€theÐ }Í Ðcharges€in€both€indictments€essentially€arose€out€of€the€same€series€of€events€involving€cocaineÐ i¹ Ðand/or€searches€carried€out€on€November€19,€1998.Ô#†X!XXX!‡ #ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô€Moreover,€the€date€of€offense€involved€in€theÐ U¥ Ðweapons€and€possession€counts€is€the€same€in€both€indictments.€Similarly€to€òòSawyeróó,€even€theÐ A‘ Ðextended€time€frame€for€the€conspiracy€charge€encompasses€the€November€19,€1998€date€involvedÐ -} Ðin€both€counts€of€the€original€indictment.׃h×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú20Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Potentially€most€importantly,€we€note€the€trial€courtððsÐ i Ðconclusion€that€the€defendant€and€his€counsel€were,€in€fact,€on€notice€of€the€potential€rangeÐ U Ðenhancement€faced€by€the€defendant.€According€to€the€record€tÔ#†X!XXX!•#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ôhe€defense€attorney€admitted€that€heÐ ñA Ðhad€been€aware€of€the€notice€filed€under€the€first€indictment.€ò ò€ó óFurthermore,€in€discussing€this€matter,Ð Ý- Ðthe€defense€attorney€stated€that€on€the€day€of€trial,€he€had€been€ð ðunder€the€impression€that€no€noticeÐ Í Ðhad€been€filed€on€[the]€conspiracy€[and€money€laundering]€count[s].ðð€ò ò€ó óHe€added,€ð ðWhether€or€notÐ ¹  Ðthe€original€indictment,€so€far€as€it€charged€the€same€things€as€the€second€indictment,€I€wasnððt€realÐ ©ù Ðsure€where€I€would€stand€on€that€with€the€Court.ðð€ò ò€ó óCounsel€continued€by€acknowledging€that€it€wasÐ •å Ðarguable€that€the€State€had€sufficiently€given€notice€of€its€intent€to€enhance€with€respect€to€theÐ …Õ Ðoriginal€two€charges€made€a€part€of€the€second€indictment€but€stated€that€he€did€not€concede€that.Ô#†X!XXX!€#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÐ q Á Ðà  àUnder€these€circumstances€we€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€conclusion.€The€notice€wasÐ °! Ðsufficient€ð ðto€order€plea„bargaining,€to€inform€decisions€concerning€pleadings€and€to€aid€in€trialÐ œ"ì Ðâ âstrategy.ðð€òòSeeóó€òòChaseóó,€873€S.W.2d€at€9.Ô#†X!XXX!P#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô€Such€notice,€thus,€supports€the€imposition€of€Range€IIÐ ˆ#Ø  Ðsentences€as€a€multiple€offender€for€both€of€the€defendantððs€convictions.׃f×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú21Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€This€allegation,€therefore,Ð ° Ðâ âlacks€merit.Ô#†X!XXX!Ø#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÐ œì ÐÓ¦ÓÔ#†X!XXX!M#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!ÔÓ  ÓC.€€Adequacy€of€Proof€Connecting€the€Defendant€to€the€Prior€ConvictionsÐ Û+ ÐÓÓÓÓ  Óà  àWe€next€consider€the€defendantððs€claim€that€the€State€did€not€sufficiently€prove€that€the€priorÐ j Ðconvictions€supporting€the€enhancement€of€the€defendantððs€range€were€the€defendantððs€convictions.Ð  V ÐIn€support€of€this€allegation,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€social€security€numbers€set€out€in€theÐ ò B ÐWilliamson€County€and€the€Davidson€County€judgment€forms€do€not€match.€The€defendant€alsoÐ Þ . Ðavers€that€the€State€offered€no€proof€of€his€social€security€number.€Ð Ê  Ðà  àTo€classify€the€defendant€as€a€multiple€offender€and€sentence€him€within€Range€II,€the€trialÐ  Y Ðcourt,€in€this€instance,€needed€to€find€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€had€at€least€twoÐ õ E  Ðð ðprior€felony€convictions€within€the€conviction€class,€a€higher€class,€or€within€the€next€two€(2)€lowerÐ á1  Ðfelony€classes.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„106(a)(1),€(c).€The€defendant€does€not€contest€that,€ifÐ Í  Ðproven€to€be€his,€the€convictions€put€forth€by€the€State€would€fulfill€this€requirement,€and€our€reviewÐ ¹  Ðof€the€record€reflects€the€existence€of€the€appropriate€number€and€class€of€offenses.Ð ¥õ  Ðà  àWe,€thus,€exclusively€consider€the€matter€of€whether€the€proof€sufficiently€supports€theÐ ä4 Ðcourtððs€finding€that€the€prior€convictions€are€of€the€defendant,€and€we€return€to€Tennessee€CodeÐ Ð  ÐAnnotated€section€40„35„202(a)€for€guidance.€In€addition€to€the€aforementioned€provisions,€thisÐ ¼  Ðsubsection€further€states€that€Ð ¨ø Ðà8  à[t]he€original€or€certified€copy€of€the€court€record€of€any€prior€felony€conviction,Ð ç7 Ðbearing€the€same€name€as€that€by€which€the€defendant€is€charged€in€the€primaryÐ Ó# Ðoffense,€is€prima€facie€evidence€that€the€defendant€named€therein€is€the€same€as€theÐ ¿ Ðdefendant€before€the€court,€and€is€prima€facie€evidence€of€the€facts€set€out€therein.ЫûÐ Ð  ÐÌòòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€€Ô#†X!XXX!´#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ôðð€40„35„202(a).€As€noted€in€the€trial€courtððs€findings€and€acknowledged€by€theÐ )y Ðdefense,€the€certified€copies€submitted€by€the€State€both€bore€the€defendantððs€name.€ò ò€ó óBeyond€that,Ð e Ðthe€Williamson€County€judgments€had€the€same€social€security€number€as€that€listed€as€theÐ U Ðdefendantððs€on,€among€other€documents,€his€1993„1995€income€tax€returns.ò ò€ó ó€In€addition,€the€date€ofÐ ñA Ðbirth,€sex,€and€race€listed€on€the€Williamson€County€judgments€matched€those€on€the€DavidsonÐ á1 ÐCounty€judgment.€ò ò€ó óFurthermore,€though€no€docket€numbers€for€the€Williamson€County€convictionsÐ Í  Ðare€listed€on€the€Davidson€County€judgment,€the€latter€document€makes€three€references€to€aÐ ½!  ÐWilliamson€County€sentence,€two€of€these€references€specifically€mentioning€the€ninety€days€orderedÐ ©"ù Ðto€be€served€on€the€Williamson€County€convictions.€ò òó óBased€upon€this€evidence,€we€find€no€reasonÐ •#å Ðto€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€conclusion€that€the€individual€to€whom€all€of€these€convictions€belong€isÐ $Ñ  Ðthe€defendant€in€this€case.€We,€therefore,€find€this€issue€to€lack€merit.Ð m%½ ! ÐÐ ¬&ü!" ÐÓ  ÓD.€Consecutive€SentencingÐ ° ÐÓ('Óà  àFinally,€the€defendant€avers€that€his€fifty„two€year€sentence€is€excessive.€In€contesting€thisÐ ï? Ðtotal,€the€defendant€asserts€that€his€case€does€not€warrant€consecutive€sentencing.€The€defendantÐ Û+ Ðfurther€claims€that€an€alleged€statement€of€the€defendantððs€recounted€by€an€officer€ð ðundulyÐ Ç Ðprejudiced€the€[t]rial€[c]ourt.ðð€At€the€outset€we€note€that€the€defendant€makes€no€reference€to€theÐ ³ Ðlength€of€the€individual€sentences€imposed€here,€nor€does€he€mention€any€alleged€errors€committedÐ Ÿ ï Ðby€the€trial€court€concerning€enhancing€or€mitigating€factors.€We,€therefore,€focus€our€analysis€onÐ ‹ Û Ðthe€fact€that€the€trial€court€ordered€the€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively.Ð w Ç Ðà  àIn€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115Ô#†X!XXX!÷!#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô€our€legislature€set€out€the€statutoryÐ ¶  Ðconsiderations€under€which€a€trial€court€may€rightfully€impose€consecutive€sentences.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð ¢ ò  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b).€Among€these€are€€findings€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€ð ð[t]heÐ ŽÞ  Ðdefendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€has€knowingly€devoted€such€defendantððs€life€to€criminalÐ zÊ  Ðacts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihoodðð€and€that€ð ð[t]he€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committedÐ f¶  Ðwhile€on€probation.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(1),€(6).€The€trial€court€found€both€of€theseÐ R¢  Ðapplicable€in€the€defendantððs€case.€ò ò€ó óÐ >Ž  Ðà  àThe€record€amply€supports€a€finding€that€the€defendant€made€his€living€as€a€professionalÐ Ñ Ðcriminal.€Moreover,€according€to€the€aforementioned€certified€judgments€from€Williamson€County,Ð m½ Ðthe€defendant€was€sentenced€on€January€10,€1994,€to€serve€six€years€on€supervised€probation€for€aÐ Y© Ðclass€C€conviction€of€conspiracy€to€sell€cocaineÔ#†X!XXX!+#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô€and€a€concurrent€eight€years€on€supervised€probationÐ E• Ðfor€a€class€B€conviction€of€the€sale€of€cocaine.׃g×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú22Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ò ò€ó ó€Also,€the€Davidson€County€judgment€provides€thatÐ 1 Ðon€January€13,€1994,€the€defendant€received€another€eight„year€sentence€to€be€served€on€probationÐ !q Ðsubject€to€a€list€of€conditions.ò òó ó€This€sentence€was€ordered€to€be€served€concurrently€with€theÐ  ] ÐWilliamson€County€sentence.ò ò€ó ó€After€being€afforded€these€opportunities€to€cease€his€involvement€withÐ ùI Ðdealing€cocaine,€the€defendant€committed€the€offenses€in€this€case€during€1998,€well€within€his€eight„Ð é9 Ðyear€probationary€period.׃i×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú23Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€This€provides€an€additional€justification€for€consecutive€sentencing.€€ThisÐ Õ% Ðissue€is€without€merit.Ð Á ÐÌÓ  Óòòò òConclusionó óóóÐ ? ÐÌÔ#†X!XXX!Ä/#ÔÓá3ÓÔ‡X!XXX!Ôà  àFor€the€foregoing€reasons€we€find€that€the€defendantððs€issues€do€not€merit€relief.€Accordingly,Ð ½!  Ðthe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.à  àÐ ©"ù ÐÔ#†X!XXX!L4#ÔÔ#†¼E»XX!tO#ÔÔ€X!X»¼EÔà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð '%w  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE