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opinion.wpt‰˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptŽ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ÿù»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Ÿù»»»ÔÑ8€ÉXXdé»»d8ÑÔ€¼@Y»»¼ŸùÔà@hhìàԇ@YÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼@Y»îî­Ž+#ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€August€12,€2003Ð öF ÐÔ‡X×X»¼@YÔÌò òÔ#†¼@Y»XX×?#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóSTANLEY€E.€CHATMANÔ‡X×X»¼@YÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€2002„T„15€€€€€€Frank€G.€Clement,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V") °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2002„02418„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€23,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V") °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Stanley€E.€Chatman,€was€convicted€in€a€bench€trial€of€driving€under€the€influence,Ð V¦  Ðsecond€offense,€and€sentenced€to€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days,€with€all€but€fifty€days€suspended.€Ð ? ÐòòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a).€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trialÐ (x Ðcourt€erred€by€failing€to€suppress€the€results€of€his€breath€alcohol€analysis.€€The€judgment€of€the€trialÐ a Ðcourt€is€affirmed.Ð úJ ÐÓãÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ Ì ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼@Y»àX×¹#ÔÔ‡X×X.¼@YÔGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòJerry€L.Ð Ÿï ÐSmith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌJames€Robin€McKinney,€Jr.,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Stanley€E.€Chatman.Ð Zª ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€P.€Robin€Dixon,€Jr.,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ,| Ðand€James€Sledge€and€Jennifer€Tackett,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð e ÐÓpÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼@Y»XXן#ÔÔ‡X×X»¼@YÔÐ ç 7  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼@Y»XX×û #ÔÔ‡X×X»¼@YÔÓ  Óà  àShortly€after€11:00€p.m.€on€May€22,€2001,€Metro€Police€Officer€Shawn€Taylor,€who€wasÐ º" " Ðassigned€to€the€DUI€enforcement€unit,€observed€a€vehicle€stopped€in€the€middle€of€the€intersectionÐ £#ó# Ðof€Gay€Street€and€11òòthóó€Avenue€in€north€Nashville.€€The€headlights€were€off.€€As€the€officerÐ Œ$Ü$ Ðapproached€from€the€rear,€the€carððs€lights€were€turned€on€and€the€driver€turned€left€turn€onto€11òòthóóÐ u%Å % ÐAvenue,€crossing€into€the€oncoming€lane€of€traffic€before€pulling€off€the€roadway€to€the€right.€€AtÐ ^&®!& Ðtrial,€Officer€Taylor€testified€that€after€he€turned€on€his€blue€lights€and€stopped,€he€found€theÐ G'—"' Ðdefendant,€who€was€driving€the€vehicle,€holding€his€crotch€and€saying€that€he€needed€to€use€theÐ 0(€#( Ðbathroom.€€The€officer€smelled€alcohol€on€the€defendantððs€breath€and€the€defendant€admitted€thatÐ )i$) Ðhe€had€been€drinking.€€After€allowing€the€defendant€to€urinate€on€the€side€of€the€roadway,€the€officerÐ *R%* Ðadministered€the€walk„and„turn€and€one„legged„stand€field€sobriety€tests,€both€of€which€theÐ ë*;&+ Ðdefendant€failed€to€perform€satisfactorily.€€Ð Ô+$', Ðâ âÐ ½, (-ý ÐÔ_Ôà  àAfter€being€placed€under€arrest,€the€defendant€agreed€to€a€breath€alcohol€test.€€Officer€TaylorÐ ° Ðâ âchecked€the€defendantððs€mouth€for€foreign€objects€such€as€gum€or€tobacco,€confirmed€that€theÐ ™é Ðdefendant€did€not€wear€false€teeth€or€retainers,€and€then€observed€the€defendant€for€twenty„oneÐ ‚Ò Ðminutes,€using€a€stopwatch,€to€make€sure€he€did€not€burp€or€regurgitate.€€The€test€showed€a€bloodÐ k» Ðalcohol€concentration€of€.142%.€€Under€the€driverððs€seat€of€the€defendantððs€vehicle,Ô#†¼@Y»XX×Y #ÔÔ‡X×X»¼@YÔ€Officer€TaylorÐ T¤ Ðfound€two€twenty„four„ounce€beers,€one€half„empty€and€the€other€unopened.€€The€officer€advisedÐ =  Ðthe€defendant€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€during€the€observation€period,€claiming€€that€he€did€so€fromÐ & v Ðmemory€without€having€to€look€away€from€the€defendant€in€order€to€read.€€Officer€Taylor€testifiedÐ  _ Ðthat€he€did€not€complete€any€paperwork€during€the€observation€period.Ð ø H ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€the€defendant€acknowledged€that€he€had€consumed€two€twenty„four„ounce€beers€Ð Ê   Ðbetween€6:30€or€7:00€p.m.€and€10:00€or€10:30€p.m.€€He€explained€that€he€had€been€at€a€friendððsÐ ³  Ðresidence€and€that€on€his€way€home,€he€had€stopped€at€a€convenience€market€to€use€the€restroom,Ð œì  Ðwhich€was€out€of€order.€€He€admitted€that€he€purchased€an€additional€twenty„four„ounce€beer€whileÐ …Õ  Ðthere.€€The€defendant€contended€that€he€had€slowed€his€vehicle€in€the€intersection€of€Gay€and€11òòthóóÐ n¾  Ðbecause€there€was€ð ða€lot€of€trash€[dumped]€in€the€middle€of€the€street.ðð€€He€stated€that€he€had€takenÐ W§  Ðblood€pressure€medications€that€had€made€him€drowsy€and€that€a€metal€rod€in€his€leg€would€haveÐ @ Ðaffected€his€performance€on€the€field€sobriety€tests.Ð )y ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€evidence,€the€trial€court€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€driving€underÐ ûK Ðthe€influence,€second€offense,€and€ordered€a€sentence€of€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days,€withÐ ä4 Ðall€but€fifty€days€suspended.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erredÐ Í Ðby€admitting€the€results€of€the€breath€alcohol€test€because€the€machine€was€not€properly€certified€andÐ ¶ Ðbecause€the€officer€did€not€adequately€observe€him€for€the€requisite€twenty€minutes€prior€thereto.Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  àPrior€to€trial,€the€defendant€filed€a€motion€to€suppress€the€results€of€the€breath€alcohol€testÐ qÁ Ðon€the€grounds€that€the€officer€had€failed€to€observe€him€for€the€twenty€minutes€required€by€òòStateÐ Zª Ðv.€Sensingóó,€843€S.W.2d€412€(Tenn.€1992).€€At€the€suppression€hearing,€Officer€Taylor€testified€thatÐ C“ Ðprior€to€administering€the€test,€he€ð ðwatched€[the€defendant]€face€to€face€for€22€minutes,ðð€timing€theÐ ,| Ðobservation€period€with€his€stopwatch.€€Printouts€from€the€breathalyzer€machine€indicated€that€heÐ e Ðactivated€the€machine,€pressed€the€reset€button€at€11:32€p.m.,€and€then€administered€the€test€at€11:54.€Ð þN ÐOfficer€Taylor€acknowledged€that€he€ð ðglancedðð€at€his€stopwatch€once€or€twice€during€theÐ ç 7 Ðobservation€period,€but€described€the€action€as€ð ðlike€blinking.ðð€€He€testified€that€he€did€not€work€onÐ Ð!   Ðany€reports€or€make€any€radio€calls€during€the€twenty€minutes.€€The€trial€court€denied€the€motionÐ ¹" ! Ðwithout€comment,€stating€later€at€trial€that€he€found€that€Officer€Taylor€and€the€testing€procedureÐ ¢#ò" Ðhad€complied€with€òòSensingóó.Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌà  àIn€1985,€our€statutory€scheme€was€amended€to€establish€a€statewide€procedure€forÐ ]&­!% Ðadministering€breath€tests€in€such€a€manner€as€to€ensure€reliability€and€accuracy:Ð F'–"& ÐÌà8  àà ` à(d)€(2)€Upon€approval€of€the€director€of€the€Tennessee€bureau€ofÐ )h$( Ðinvestigation,€local€governing€bodies€which€have€the€responsibility€for€providingÐ *Q%) Ðfunding€for€sheriffs'€offices€and€police€departments,€are€authorized€to€purchase€fromÐ ê*:&* Ðstate€contracts€approved€for€bureau€purchases,€scientific€instruments€designed€toÐ Ó+#'+ Ðexamine€a€person's€breath€and€measure€the€alcohol€content€thereof,€for€use€asÐ ° Ðevidence€in€the€trial€of€cases;€provided,€that€prior€to€use€thereof,€such€instrumentsÐ ™é Ðmust€be€delivered€to€the€forensic€services€division€of€the€bureau€for€testing€andÐ ‚Ò Ðcertification€pursuant€to€subsection€(g).€€The€bureau€shall€continue€to€maintain€andÐ k» Ðcertify€the€instruments€and€operating€personnel,€pursuant€to€subsection€(g),€andÐ T¤ Ðfurnish€expert€testimony€in€support€of€the€use€of€such€instruments€when€required.Ð= Ð Ð  Ðà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ & v Ðà8  àà ` à(g)€The€bureau,€through€its€forensic€services€division,€shall€establish,Ð  _ Ðauthorize,€approve€and€certify€techniques,€methods,€procedures€and€instruments€forÐ ø H Ðthe€scientific€examination€and€analysis€of€evidence,€including€blood,€urine,€breathÐ á 1  Ðor€other€bodily€substances,€and€teach€and€certify€qualifying€personnel€in€theÐ Ê   Ðoperation€of€such€instruments€to€meet€the€requirements€of€the€law€for€theÐ ³  Ðadmissibility€of€evidence.€When€examinations,€tests€and€analyses€have€beenÐ œì  Ðperformed€in€compliance€with€such€standards€and€procedures,€the€results€shall€beÐ …Õ  Ðprima€facie€admissible€into€evidence€in€any€judicial€or€quasi„judicial€proceedingÐ n¾  Ðsubject€to€the€rules€of€evidence€as€administered€by€the€courts.ÐW§ Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€38-6-103(d)(2),€(g).€€Ô#†¼@Y»XX×#ÔÔ‡X×X»¼@YÔÐ )y ÐÌà  àLater,€in€òòState€v.€Sensingóó,€our€supreme€court€held€that€for€a€breath€test€to€be€admissible,€theÐ ûK Ðtesting€officer€must€be€able€to€testify€as€follows:€Ð ä4 ÐÌà8  à(1)€that€the€tests€were€performed€in€accordance€with€the€standards€and€operatingÐ ¶ Ðprocedure€promulgated€by€the€forensic€services€division€of€the€Tennessee€Bureau€ofÐ Ÿï ÐInvestigation€(TBI);ЈØÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(2)€that€the€administering€officer€was€properly€certified€in€accordance€with€thoseÐ qÁ Ðstandards;€ÐZªÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(3)€that€the€evidentiary€breath€testing€instrument€used€was€certified€by€the€forensicÐ C“ Ðservices€division,€was€tested€regularly€for€accuracy€and€was€working€properly€whenÐ ,| Ðthe€breath€test€was€performed;ÐeÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(4)€that€the€motorist€was€observed€for€the€requisite€20€minutes€prior€to€the€test,€andÐ þN Ðduring€this€period,€he€did€not€have€foreign€matter€in€his€mouth,€did€not€consume€anyÐ ç 7 Ðalcoholic€beverage,€smoke,€or€regurgitate;ÐÐ!  Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(5)€that€the€administering€officer€followed€the€prescribed€operational€procedure;€andй" !Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(6)€that€the€administering€officer€can€identify€the€printout€record€offered€in€evidenceÐ ¢#ò" Ðas€the€result€of€the€test€given€to€the€person€tested.Ћ$Û#Ð Ð  ÐÌ843€S.W.2d€at€416.€€The€six€requirements€in€òòSensingóó€are€mandatory€and€must€be€proven€by€aÐ ]&­!% Ðpreponderance€of€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Edisonóó,€9€S.W.3d€75,€77€(Tenn.€1999).€€This€court€has€ruledÐ F'–"& Ðthat€the€òòSensingóó€requirements€must€be€ð ðscrupulously€followed.ðð€€òòState€v.€Harold€E.€Fieldsóó,€No.Ð /(#' Ð01C01-9412-CC-00438€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Apr.€12,€1996).€€The€prerequisites,€onceÐ )h$( Ðproven€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence,€establish€the€propriety€of€the€test€results.€€òòEdisonóó,€9Ð *Q%) ÐS.W.3d€at€77.€€Further,€it€is€the€stateððs€burden€to€establish€compliance€with€each€of€the€requirements;Ð ê*:&* Ðthe€defendant€does€not€bear€any€burden€to€show€non-compliance.€€The€finding€of€the€trial€court€isÐ Ó+#'+ Ðpresumed€to€be€correct€and€should€only€be€overturned€if€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.€€òòId.óóÐ ° Ðat€78.Ð ™é ÐÌà  àInitially,€case€law€provides€that€an€officer€may€not€guess,€estimate,€or€approximate€theÐ k» Ðamount€of€time€the€subject€was€under€observation.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hackneyóó,€No.Ð T¤ Ð01C01-9704-CC-00152€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Feb.€20,€1998);€òòFieldsóó,€slip€op.€at€5.€€WhileÐ =  Ðan€unblinking€gaze€is€not€required,€ð ðthe€officer€must€be€watching€the€defendant€rather€thanÐ & v Ðperforming€other€tasks.ðð€€òòState€v.€Korsakovóó,€34€S.W.3d€534,€540€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€€TheÐ  _ Ðtwenty„minute€observation€requirement€carries€with€it€two€distinct€elements:€(1)€The€state€mustÐ ø H Ðdemonstrate€that€the€defendant€was€observed€for€twenty€minutes,€and€(2)€the€state€must€establish€thatÐ á 1  Ðthe€subject€did€not€smoke,€drink,€eat,€chew€gum,€vomit,€regurgitate,€belch€or€hiccup€during€theÐ Ê   Ðtwenty€minutes€prior€to€taking€the€test.Ð ³  ÐÌÔ#†¼@Y»XX×(#ÔÔ‡X×X»¼@YÔà  àThe€purpose€of€the€observation€requirement€is,€of€course,€to€ensure€ð ðthat€no€foreign€matterÐ …Õ  Ðis€present€in€the€defendantððs€mouth€that€could€retain€alcohol€and€potentially€influence€the€results€ofÐ n¾  Ðthe€test.ðð€€òòState€v.€Cookóó,€9€S.W.3d€98,€100-01€(Tenn.€1999).Ô‡X×XXX×Ô€€Our€supreme€court€has€found€that€ð ðifÐ W§  Ðcredible€proof€establishes€that€the€subject€did€not€have€foreign€matter€in€the€mouth,€did€not€consumeÐ @ Ðany€alcoholic€beverage,€and€did€not€smoke€or€regurgitate,€then€the€rule€is€satisfied.ðð€€òòState€v.€Hunteróó,Ð )y Ð941€S.W.2d€56,€57-58€(Tenn.€1997).Ô#†X×XXX׫7#ÔÐ b ÐÌà  àPrior€to€the€courtððs€decision€in€òòSensingóó,€the€testifying€officer€was€required€to€be€qualifiedÐ ä4 Ðthrough€education,€training,€and€experience€to€ð ðinterpret€the€test€results€in€evidenceðð€as€aÐ Í Ðprerequisite€to€admissibility.€€òòPruitt€v.€Stateóó,€216€Tenn.€686,€393€S.W.2d€747,€751€(Tenn.€1965).€€TheÐ ¶ Ðstate€was€required€to€ð ðshow€that€the€measuring€device€[was]€scientifically€acceptable€and€accurateÐ Ÿï Ð.€.€.€and€that€the€witness€who€presents€the€test€results€is€qualified€to€interpret€them.ðð€€òòId.óó€€In€òòPruittóó,Ð ˆØ Ðour€supreme€court€stated€that€a€lesser€standard€would€be€tantamount€to€approval€of€ð ðpure€hearsayÐ qÁ Ðevidence€of€intoxication.ðð€€393€S.W.2d€at€752;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€717€S.W.2d€298€(Tenn.Ð Zª ÐCrim.€App.€1986).Ð C“ ÐòòóóÔ#†¼@Y»XX×J6#ÔÔ€X×X»¼@YÔÌà  àIn€our€view,€the€record€supports€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€Officer€Taylor€properlyÐ e Ðobserved€the€defendant€for€a€full€twenty€minutes€before€administering€the€breath€alcohol€test.€€ByÐ þN Ðdenying€the€motion€to€suppress,€the€trial€court€implicitly€accredited€the€testimony€of€the€officer€thatÐ ç 7 Ðhe€had€watched€the€defendant,€face€to€face,€for€over€twenty€minutes.€€The€printouts€from€theÐ Ð!   Ðbreathalyzer€machine€corroborate€the€officerððs€testimony€with€regard€to€the€length€of€the€observationÐ ¹" ! Ðperiod.€€Officer€Taylor€stated€that€he€did€not€complete€any€paperwork€or€make€any€radio€calls€duringÐ ¢#ò" Ðthe€twenty€minutes€and€that€he€advised€the€defendant€of€his€òòMirandaóórights€from€memory.€€€TheÐ ‹$Û# Ðdefendant€argues€that€because€the€officer€glanced€at€his€stopwatch,€his€attention€was€divertedÐ t%Ä $ Ðelsewhere€during€the€observation€period.€€According€to€Officer€Taylor,€however,€the€action€took€noÐ ]&­!% Ðmore€time€than€ð ðblinking.ðð€€That€the€officer€may€have€looked€away€from€the€defendant€for€a€secondÐ F'–"& Ðto€check€his€watch€does€not€invalidate€the€entire€observation€period.Ð /(#' ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€the€results€of€the€test€should€not€have€been€admitted€becauseÐ *Q%) Ðthe€breathalyzer€machine€was€not€properly€certified€every€ninety€days€in€accordance€with€TBIÐ ê*:&* Ðstandards.€€The€record€reflects€that€the€machine€was€certified€on€March€28,€2001,€and€then€again€onÐ Ó+#'+ ÐJune€28,€2001,€some€ninety„two€days€later.€€The€defendantððs€arrest€and€submission€to€theÐ ° Ðbreathalyzer€test,€however,€was€on€May€22,€just€fifty„five€days€after€the€machineððs€last€certification.€Ð ™é ÐBecause€the€machine€was€used€within€the€certification€window€and€because€the€defendant€hasÐ ‚Ò Ðpresented€no€evidence€that€the€machine€was€malfunctioning,€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ð k» ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð =  ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð á 1  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE