WPCu! {o. Ѕ΢ҷUk|ĺQ!y&_86hCD+)2V#6 XP޷#8~=˰s^S''֤' NH>Z1V8y!fd-P59D"5`ܴ$:%_m`.bc.K3 %xq $Rݜid*.bRblz6p9 %OOsn-f9HC% rCEOz5%3aGZE0̨D3euR6ycИ?d}M50(>@|F̔P(A˄[,W<_L\l.t b.`e-0XӞrrv:QwlMiT.?[̛WF+ncmxr,z" ؈f*HdJ-U.v %b+ n B 0(J U:r w 4d x 0 o 0DU:L 1m 0cAOU:HU:"\U:UU:8U: AQ2 BI 0Df 0D 0D D/2 Ba(~ D3U:( U:;!<6X9`(CourierX   /$XIXXX `   1    Notsurprisingly,Clark'sversionofeventsdifferedfromthestate's `  evidence.Clarkclaimedthatbothheandtheowneroftheshoestorewereinterestedromanticallyinthesameperson,andthisromanticrivalryresultedinafalseaccusationagainsthim.Clarkadmitted,however,thathekickedoutthewindowofthepatrolcar. ! $XXXX `   2    Cf.,e.g.,Tenn.CodeAnn.3913502(a)(3)(B)(1997)(aggravatedrape `  Єmentallydefective,mentallyincapacitatedorphysicallyhelplessvictim);Tenn.CodeAnn.3913504(a)(3)(B),(4)(1997)(aggravatedsexualbatteryvictimmentallydefective,mentallyincapacitatedorphysicallyhelpless,orvictimunder13yearsofage);Tenn.CodeAnn.3916102(1997)(briberyofpublicservant).  $XXXX `   3    Insuchacase,however,adefendantneedingmoreinformationinorder `  toadequatelypreparefortrialonthechargesagainsthimmightmovethecourttoordertheprosecutiontoprovideabillofparticulars.SeeTenn.R.Crim.P. @  7(c).Thedefendantinthecaseatbarmakesnoallegationthathewasunabletopreparefortrialbyvirtueoftheindictment'sfailuretoidentifythevictimincountone.Accordingly,wefailtoseehowtheabsenceofthevictim'snamehasrenderedthisdefendantuninformedofthenatureofthechargeagainsthim.3|x2<6X9`(CourierXx6X@`7X@($,  AZ"Arial RegularUV E   EDDDDD !E"#Ӏ/2n~<$ $XXXX `   6    Thedefendantmadenocomplaintaboutthe11month,29day `  concurrentsentencehereceivedforvandalism.(I(2/$  !  XɜXXX `   0  (#$  0  ,cAZ"Arial Regular#4e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) $XXXX `   5    ThestatuteoflimitationsforaClassCfelonyisfouryears.Tenn.Code `  Ann.402101(a)(3)(1997).(;$24e  0  .3  0   7 $XXXX `   4    Becauseofthefouryearstatuteoflimitations,discussedinfraatn.5, `  decliningtoaddresstheissueasplainerrorondirectappealwouldlikelyresultin P   expirationofthelimitationsperiodforprosecutionbeforeconclusionofpossiblepostconvictionorhabeascorpusactions.Insuchasituation,thestatewouldbetimebarredfromseekingasufficientindictmentandprosecutingthedefendant.   $$XXXX `   4    Becauseofthefouryearstatuteoflimitations,discussedinfraatn.5, `  decliningtoaddresstheissueasplainerrorondirectappealmightresultin F   expirationofthelimitationsperiodforprosecutionbeforeconclusionofpostconvictionorhabeascorpusactions.,cAZ"Arial Regular   $$XXXX `   4    Becauseofthefouryearstatuteoflimitations,discussedinfraatn.5, `  decliningtoaddresstheissueasplainerrorondirectappealmightresultinexpirationofthelimitationsperiodforprosecutionbeforeconclusionofpostconvictionorhabeascorpusactions.,cAZ"Arial Regular  $$XXXX `   5    ThestatuteoflimitationsforaClassCfelonyisfouryears.Tenn.Code `  Ann.402101(a)(3)(1997).,cAZ"Arial Regular  $$XXXX `   6    Thedefendantmadenocomplaintaboutthe11month,29day `  concurrentsentencehereceivedforvandalism.,cAZ"Arial Regular . $X/XXX `   4    Becauseofthefouryearstatuteoflimitations,discussedinfraatn.5, `  decliningtoaddresstheissueasplainerrorondirectappealwouldlikelyresultin P   expirationofthelimitationsperiodforprosecutionbeforeconclusionofpostconvictionorhabeascorpusactions.Insuchasituation,thestatewouldbetimebarredfromseekingasufficientindictmentandprosecutingthedefendant.,cAZ"Arial Regular!#$%&C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 d(3$  !  (3$  !  ($$   1  ''' dxdP Pd  #"  *XIXXX*r*X*XI   Ad FILED*XIX*r*   November9,1998  CecilCrowson,Jr.*X*XIAppellateCourtClerk """"'dxd,cAZ"Arial Regular  #"  ,XIXXX,r*X,XI   Ad FILED,XIX,r*   November6,1998  CecilCrowson,Jr.,X,XIAppellateCourtClerk ,cAZ"Arial Regular  !  ##`   TR[A'Legal3'A' Legal3'T XBLXXX7 BL XXdXXd7  /#r ()<,(j 8` `@Ef ` ttx$` r#/2/r +)<,(j 8` `@Ef ` ttx$` r/222## @ INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE P  2t +)>.*jx` `@EqG ` ttx$@ tߛ2̀@(ATJACKSON 0  @BB%JULY1998SESSION    STATEOFTENNESSEE,    ) p   `     h     ) p  `   `  Appellee, h     ) p C.C.A.No.02C019707CC00277 P   `     h     )vs. `     h     ) p MadisonCounty x  0   `     h     ) JOHNEDWARDCLARK, h     ) p Hon.WhitLafon,Judge  p   `     h     ) `  `  Appellant. h     ) p (AttemptedAggravatedRobbery, P  `     h      p Vandalism) `     h     FORTHEAPPELLANT: h      p FORTHEAPPELLEE:   CLIFFORDK.McGOWN,JR. (appealonly)  p JOHNKNOXWALKUP   AttorneyatLaw   h      p AttorneyGeneral&Reporter  p 113N.CourtSquareWaverly,TN37185 h      p GEORGIABLYTHEFELNER  "P  `     h      p CounselfortheState GEORGEMORTONGOOGE      p 425FifthAve.N.,2dFloor  $0  (attrialandofcounselonappeal)   p Nashville,TN372430493 %  DistrictPublicDefender h      p&  STEPHENP.SPRACHER      p JAMESG.(JERRY)WOODALL  P(! (attrialandofcounselonappeal)   p DistrictAttorneyGeneral @)" Asst.Dist.PublicDefender     0* # 227W.BaltimoreSt. h      p JAMESW.THOMPSON  +!$  Jackson,TN38301  h      p Asst.DistrictAttorneyGeneral ,"%  `     h      p P.O.Box2825 `     h      p Jackson,TN38302 OPINIONFILED:________________  1P(+  REVERSED&DISMISSEDATTEMPTEDAGGRAVATEDROBBERY p5,/ AFFIRMEDVANDALISMCURWOODWITT,JUDGE  09/3    :049 @qq* OPINION  `   `  Thedefendant,JohnEdwardClark,standsconvictedofattemptedaggravatedrobberyandvandalismfollowinghisjurytrialintheMadisonCountyCircuitCourt.HeispresentlyincarceratedintheDepartmentofCorrectionservingtheeffectivetenyearsentenceimposedforhiscrimes.Inthisdirectappeal,Clarkchallenges(1)thesufficiencyoftheindictmentcharginghimwithattemptedaggravatedrobberyinthatitdoesnotidentifythevictim,and(2)thelengthofthesentenceimposedforattemptedaggravatedrobbery.Afterareviewoftherecord,thebriefs,andtheapplicablelaw,wefindtheattemptedaggravatedrobberyindictmentfatallydeficient,althoughnotforthereasonadvancedbythedefendant.Asaresult,theprosecutionisanullity,andwehavenojurisdictiontoconsiderthesecondissue. `  Thestate'sevidenceattrialwasthatClarkapproachedtheownerofaMadisonCountyshoestoreastheownerarrivedathisstore.Clarkstuckagunintheman'ssideanddemandedthemangivehimeverythinghehad.Clarkwasscaredawaywhenapasserbycalledhimbyname.Clarkwasapprehendedlaterthatday.Whilebeingtransportedbytheauthorities,hekickedoutawindowinapatrolcar. #  1        +!$  `  Thereafter,theMadisonCountyGrandJuryreturnedatwocountindictmentofthedefendant.Countonealleged8 ` [T]hatJohnEdwardClarkonoraboutAugust17,1996,inMadisonCounty,Tennessee,andbeforethefindingofthisindictment,did 30*- unlawfullyandknowinglyattempttocommitthecriminaloffenseof 4 +. AggravatedRobbery,inviolationofT.C.A.3912101andT.C.A.3913402,allofwhichisagainstthepeaceanddignityoftheStateofTennessee. ` `  Counttwoalleged8 ` [T]hatJohnEdwardClarkonoraboutAugust17,1996,inMadisonCounty,Tennessee,andbeforethefindingofthisindictment,didknowinglycausedamagetoand/ordestructionofproperty,towit:thewindowinapatrolcarbelongingtotheJacksonPoliceDepartment,underthevalueofFiveHundredDollars($500.00),inviolationofT.C.A.3914408,allofwhichisagainstthepeaceanddignityoftheStateofTennessee. ` `   `  Inhisfirstissue,thedefendantallegesthatcountoneoftheindictmentisfatallydeficientbecauseitfailstonamethevictim.Alawfulaccusationisaconditionprecedenttojurisdiction,andajudgmentobtainedintheabsenceofanindictmentallegingeachessentialelementoftheoffenseisanullity.Statev.  Trusty,919S.W.2d305,30910(Tenn.1996)(citationsomitted).Inthisregard,a  p defendantisentitledtoknowledgeof"thenatureandcauseoftheaccusation."U.S.Const.amend.VI;Tenn.Const.art.I,9.Tennesseelawfurtherrequiresthatanindictment8 ` statethefactsconstitutingtheoffenseinordinaryandconcise P(! language,withoutprolixityorrepetition,insuchamannerastoenableapersonofcommonunderstandingtoknowwhatisintended,andwiththatdegreeofcertaintywhichwillenablethecourt,onconviction,topronouncetheproperjudgment.... ` `  Tenn.CodeAnn.4013202(1997)(emphasisadded).Furthermore,thepurposeofanindictmentisthreefold."First,itmustinformthedefendantoftheprecisecharges.Second,itmustenablethetrialcourtuponconvictiontoenteranappropriatejudgmentandsentence;and,last,itmustprotectdefendantagainstdoublejeopardy."Statev.Trusty,914S.W.2d305,309(Tenn.1996). p5,/  `  Thedefendantarguesthatthevictim'sidentityisessentialto 09/3 prosecutionoftheoffense.Inthisregard,wenotethatTennesseecourtshaveallowedamendmentsofindictmentstoreflectproperlythevictims'names.See, @  e.g.,Statev.PrestonCarter,No.02C019504CR00100,slipop.at5(Tenn.Crim.   App.,Jackson,July26,1996);Statev.Hensley,656S.W.2d410,413(Tenn.Crim.  App.1983).Insuchcases,theappellatecourtshaveobservedthatachangeinthevictim'snamehasnotservedtochangetheidentityofthecrimecharged.See,e.g., `  PrestonCarter,slipop.at5;Hensley,656S.W.2dat413;accordTenn.R.Crim.P. @  7(b)(amendmenttoindictmentwithoutdefendant'sconsentallowedpriortojeopardyattachingwhere"noadditionalordifferentoffenseistherebychargedandnosubstantialrightsofthedefendantaretherebyprejudiced").Moreover,aggravatedrobbery(orinthiscase,attemptedaggravatedrobbery)isnotclassifiedasanoffensebaseduponitsperpetrationagainstcertainclassesofindividuals,suchaspoliceofficersorchildrenunderaspecifiedage. #  2      ׀Inotherwords,the  identityofthevictimdoesnotservetoidentifythecrime.Thus,theidentityofthevictimisnotanessentialelementofthecrime,andthecharginginstrumentisnotdefectivemerelyforfailingtoidentifythevictim.0 #  3       %   `    Thatsaid,wehavediscernedabroaderflawincountone,ofwhichfailuretoidentifythevictimmaybeafacet.Weareobligedtonoticetheflaw  +!$ asplainerror.SeeTenn.R.App.P.52(b).AsTennesseelawprovides,defectsin `  orobjectionstoanindictmentbaseduponfailuretoshowjurisdictionorfailuretochargeanoffense"shallbenoticedbythecourtatanytimeduringthependencyoftheproceedings[.]"Tenn.R.Crim.P.12(b)(2).Inthecaseatbar,countonefailstochargeanoffense. `  InWardenv.State,214Tenn.391,394,381S.W.2d244,245(1964), @  oursupremecourtobservedthatan"indictmentmuststate'suchfactsandcircumstancesaswillconstitutethecrime,andnotmerelyalegalresult'orconclusion."(citationsomitted).Furthermore,accordingtoWarden,this @  constitutionalprinciplehasbeenembodiedin(former)Codesection401802(now4013202),theprovisionwhichdefinestherequisitesofanindictment.Warden,  214Tenn.at394,381S.W.2dat245. [A]merestatementofalegalresultorconclusion...[is]insufficienttochargeanoffense.Warden,214Tenn.at395, !` 381S.W.2dat246;seealsoStatev.Cutshaw,967S.W.2d332,338(Tenn.Crim. #@ App.1997). Byrequiringtheindictmenttoallegethefactswhichconstitutethe %  offense,Tennesseenecessarilyrequiresthatthefactualallegationsmustrelateto `'  alltheessentialelementsofthatoffense....Statev.Marshall,870S.W.2d532, @)" 537(Tenn.Crim.App.1993)(emphasisadded) ' ;seealsoVanArsdallv.State,919  +!$ S.W.2d626,630(Tenn.Crim.App.1995)( [I]nadditiontoallegingtheelements,theindictmentmuststatefactswhichconstitutetheoffense.);seealsoStatev.WilliamE. .%( Norman,No.03C019309CR00306,slipop.at6(Tenn.Crim.App.,Knoxville,Oct. 0`'* 25,1994)( IfCountIoftheindictmenthadmerelystatedthattheDefendantwasbeingaccusedofAggravatedRape,andevenifthiswascoupledwiththetime,placeandvictimoftheallegedcrime,thiscwouldmerelybestatingalegalresultorconclusion.... )  :04  `  XXX X"Robberyistheintentionalorknowingtheftofpropertyfromthe `  personofanotherbyviolenceorputtingthepersoninfear."Tenn.CodeAnn.3913401(a)(1997).Thecrimeiselevatedtoaggravatedrobberyifitis"[a]ccomplishedwithadeadlyweaponorbydisplayofanyarticleusedorfashionedtoleadthevictimtoreasonablybelieveittobeadeadlyweapon"orif"thevictim  suffersseriousbodilyinjury.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913402(a)(1997).Apersoncommitsthecrimeofcriminalattemptwho8 ` actingwiththekindofculpabilityotherwiserequiredfortheoffense:(1)Intentionallyengagesinactionorcausesaresultthatwouldconstituteanoffenseifthecircumstancessurroundingtheconductwereasthepersonbelievesthemtobe; ` `  8 ` (2)Actswithintenttocausearesultthatisanelementoftheoffense,andbelievestheconductwillcausetheresultwithoutfurtherconductontheperson'spart;or ` `  8 ` (3)Actswithintenttocompleteacourseofactionorcausearesultthatwouldconstitutetheoffense,underthecircumstancessurroundingtheconductasthepersonbelievesthemtobe,andtheconductconstitutesasubstantialsteptowardthecommissionoftheoffense. ` `  Tenn.CodeAnn.3912101(a)(1997).# XXXX/# `  Judgingthelanguageofcountoneoftheindictmentagainstthestatutorydefinitionoftheoffense,itisclearthattheindictmentallegesalegalconclusionthatthedefendantcommittedattemptedaggravatedrobberywithoutallegingthefactsandcircumstanceswhichconstitutethatcrime.Countonedoesnot,forexample,allegethatthevictimwasplacedinfearorthatthedefendantemployedaweapon.Cf.,e.g.,Statev.Morgan,598S.W.2d796,797(Tenn.Crim. .%( App.1979)(DUIwarrantwhichfailedtoallegethatdefendantwasdrivingheldvoidbecauseitfailedtochargeanoffense);McCrackenv.State,489S.W.2d48,5253 2@), (Tenn.Crim.App.1972)(kidnappingpresentmentwhichfailedtoallegeasportationandsecrecyheldvoid,nooffensecharged).Thus,thiscountoftheindictmentfailstochargeanoffense,andthejudgmentbasedthereonisanullityandcannotstand.SeeTrusty,919S.W.2dat30910;Statev.Perkinson,867S.W.2d1,5(Tenn.  :04 Crim.App.1992). `  Weareawarethatoursupremecourthasrecentlysaidthat wheretheconstitutionalandstatutoryrequirementsoutlinedin[Statev.Hill,954S.W.2d  725(Tenn.1997)]aremet,anindictmentwhichcitesthestatuteandusesitslanguagewillbesufficienttosupportaconviction.GeorgeA.Ruffv.State, `  S.W.2d,No.03S019711CC00140,slipop.at11(Tenn.Sept.28,1998)(indictmentchallengedforfailuretoallegeculpablementalstate).WhilethecourtinGeorgeA.RuffaffirmsitsstatementinHillthatithas relaxedthestrictpleading ` requirementsofcommonlaw,GeorgeA.Ruff,slipop.at11,thereisnoindication @ thatsuchrelaxationgoessofarastooverturnthemandateofWardenthatthe   indictmentstatefactsandnotmereresultsorconclusions.ThecourtinGeorgeA.  Ruffusedthe constitutionalandstatutoryrequirementsoutlinedinHillasa  touchstoneforindictmentsufficiency.BillyJoeSmith GeorgeA. ! E !"Ruff",slipop.at11(emphasis !` added).ThestatutoryrequirementamplifiedbyHillistheabovequotedccCodeode #@ section4013202whichrequirestheindictmentto statethefactsconstitutingtheoffense.Hill,954S.W.2d72627.Thus,wedonotreadGeorgeA.Ruffas `'  authorizingindictmentswhichmerelyallegethatanaccusedcommittedtheoffensethatisproscribedbyanamedstatute.Suchanallegationispatentlyconclusoryandis,perWardenanditsprogeny,insufficienttomeeteitherconstitutionalor -#& statutorystandardsforindictments. `  Becausethelawrequiresthataconvictionbepremiseduponalawfulcharginginstrumentandthereisnoneinthiscase,weareobligedtonoticethedeficiencyasplainerror.   `6-0   #  4      Tobesure,wedonothavejurisdictiontoaffirma `6-0 convictionimposedbyacourtwhichhad,byvirtueofthevoidcharginginstrument,nojurisdictiontoimposetheconviction.H `  However,becausetherehasbeennolawfulprosecutionofthedefendantinthecaseatbar,jeopardyhasnotattachedwithrespecttotheeventswhichformedthebasisofhisattemptedaggravatedrobberyconviction.Riverav. `  State,1Tenn.Crim.App.395,398,443S.W.2d675,677(1969)("[I]tis @  fundamentalthatadefendantisnotplacedinjeopardyinavoidcriminaltrial.")Therefore,thestatemay,withintheapplicablestatutorilyprescribedperiod, `  B  #  5      obtain ` anewindictmentwhichconformstothedictatesofTennesseelawandprosecutethedefendantaccordingly.SeeCutshaw,967S.W.2dat339n.3(Byers,J.,   concurringinresults). `  Ourfindingrelativetotheattemptedaggravatedrobberyconvictionrendersmootthedefendant'scomplaintaboutthelengthofhiseffectivetenyearsentence.     #  6      ׀Thus,wedeclinetoengageinagratuitousdiscussionofthealleged %  errors. `  Insum,wefindafataldeficiencyintheattemptedaggravatedrobberyindictmentandreverseanddismisstheattendantconviction.Ontheotherhand,noerrorhasbeenallegedordiscoveredrelativetothevandalismconviction,which .%( weaffirm. `   `     h     _______________________________ `     h     CURWOODWITT,JUDGECONCUR:_____________________________JOEG.RILEY,JUDGE_____________________________ROBERTW.WEDEMEYER,SPECIALJUDGEs