ÿWPC“ …# VU:a %› 0(¡w@É4  , 0”4 0DÈ U. 0J: 0T„ 0^Ø 0h6 0rž 0| 0†Œ 0 1u¢ 0dB){DC¤ AMç B4ÙQv~*vÓ¨ D3{ 0@® AOîÆ= 0D D/G Bv˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 , øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ ÍDÎÏÐÑDÒDÓÔeÕÓ€á»{s Futura3|xã(D(2´¤$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ d ÏÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌò òSeptember€30,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò$$$$'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›œßL€#%";+'h|wÃ` Å `€€Lß›IN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌMAY€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02„C„01„9509„CC„00262Ìà àà àAPPELLEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDyer€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àJoe€G.€Riley,€JudgeÌDAVID€CLIFF,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Aggravated€Assault)Ìà àà àAPPELLANT.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌD.€Tyler€Kellyà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌHardee,€Martin€&€Jaynesà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ213€East€Lafayette€Streetà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌJackson,€TN€38301à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0497Ì(On€Appeal)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRobin€L.€HarrisÌG.€Stephen€Davisà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌP.€O.€Box€742à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌDyersburg,€TN€38025„0742Ì(At€Trial)à àà àà àà àà àà àC.€Phillip€BivensÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Drawer€EÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDyersburg,€TN€38025„2005ÌÌÓÓÌÌÌÓÓÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€____________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌÓ  Óò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÌÑ7€ÎXXdæXXdæ7ÑÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€David€Cliff,€was€convicted€of€aggravated€assault,€a€Class€CÏfelony,€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€was€a€persistentÏoffender€and€imposed€a€Range€III€sentence€of€confinement€for€fourteen€(14)€years€inÏthe€Department€of€Correction.€€In€this€Court,€the€appellant€presents€three€issues€forÏreview.€€He€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€of€the€jury,Ïthe€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€excessive,€and€the€trial€court€erred€inÏrefusing€to€afford€him€an€evidentiary€hearing€on€the€issue€of€whether€he€was€deniedÏhis€constitutional€right€to€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel.€€After€a€thorough€review€ofÏthe€record,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€the€authorities€that€govern€the€issuesÏpresented€for€review,€it€is€the€opinion€of€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€courtÏshould€be€affirmed.Ìà àOn€the€afternoon€of€September€21,€1994,€the€victim,€Ervin€Smith,€and€Victor€HillÏwere€engaged€in€a€friendly€conversation€at€the€intersection€of€Bruce€and€Fair€inÏDyersburg,€Tennessee.€€The€appellant€approached€Smith€and€Hill,€mumbledÏsomething,€and€walked€away.€€A€few€minutes€later,€Hill€told€Smith€to€run.€€Smith€lookedÍbehind€him,€saw€the€appellant€carrying€a€ð ðlong€gun,ðð€and€began€running€away€from€theÏappellant.€€The€appellant€shot€the€victim€with€a€shotgun.€€The€pellets€struck€the€victim€inÏhis€back€and€the€back€of€his€legs.€€The€victim€ran€to€the€home€of€an€acquaintance€andÏwas€taken€to€a€local€hospital€for€treatment.Ìà àThe€investigation€immediately€focused€upon€the€appellant.€€The€victim€knew€theÏfirst€name€of€the€appellant.€€Another€person€told€police€officers€that€he€had€seen€theÏappellant€standing€in€front€of€a€home€in€possession€of€a€shotgun.€€The€witnessÏprovided€the€officers€with€the€appellantððs€name.€€A€spent€shell€was€found€in€the€vicinityÏof€where€the€witness€had€seen€the€appellant.€Ìà àThe€investigating€officers€retrieved€a€.12€gauge€shotgun€from€the€residenceÏwhere€the€appellant€lived.€€The€officer€smelled€the€gun€to€determine€if€it€had€been€fired.€ÏThe€smell€of€gunpowder€was€strong€enough€for€the€officer€to€conclude€that€the€shotgunÏhad€been€recently€fired.€€A€test€firing€of€the€shotgun€revealed€that€it€was€the€sameÏshotgun€that€fired€the€spent€shell€found€by€the€officers€in€the€vicinity€of€the€shooting.€ÌÌÓ  Óò òI.ÌÓ  Óó óà àÌà àThe€appellant€argues€that€the€evidence€which€connects€him€to€the€offense€inÏquestion€is€too€speculative.€€He€further€argues€that€the€record€is€devoid€of€anyÏevidence€regarding€his€motive€for€shooting€the€victim.Ìà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€thisÏCourt€must€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficientÏ"to€support€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.ÍApp.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòStateÏv.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).Ìà àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€does€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).€€Nor€may€this€Court€substitute€itsÏinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.ÏStateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859,€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€352€U.S.€845,€77€S.Ct.Ï39,€1€L.Ed.2d€49€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€Court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€ofÏTennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€asÏwell€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€theÏevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€toÏbe€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€In€òòState€v.ÏGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973),€our€Supreme€Court€said:€€"A€guilty€verdictÏby€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€theÏState€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."Ìà àSince€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€itÏwith€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused,€as€the€appellant,€has€the€burden€in€this€CourtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdicts€returned€by€theÏtrier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€This€Court€will€notÏdisturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€due€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€unless€the€factsÍcontained€in€the€record€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€toÏfind€that€the€accused€is€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence€established€that€theÏappellant€was€the€person€who€shot€the€victim.€€The€victim€knew€the€appellant€by€firstÏname€and€sight.€€He€made€a€courtroom€identification.€€Another€person€also€saw€theÏappellant€holding€a€shotgun.€€The€evidence€clearly€established€that€the€spent€shellÏfound€in€the€vicinity€of€the€crime€was€fired€by€the€shotgun€found€in€the€residence€whereÏthe€appellant€resided.€€The€smell€of€gunpowder€was€strong,€which€indicated€that€theÏshotgun€had€just€been€fired.€€€€The€jury€could€conclude€from€the€facts€adduced€at€theÏtrial€that€the€appellant€left€the€corner€of€Bruce€and€Fair,€went€to€his€residence,€whichÏwas€a€short€distance€from€the€corner,€obtained€the€shotgun,€and€returned€to€the€cornerÏwhere€he€shot€the€victim.€€In€other€words,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€establish€aÏfinding€by€a€rational€trier€of€fact€that€the€appellant€was€guilty€of€aggravated€assaultÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,Ï99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€The€evidence€clearly€establishes€that€theÏappellant€(a)€intentionally,€knowingly€or€recklessly€caused€€bodily€injury€to€the€victimÏand€(b)€used€a€deadly€weapon€to€inflict€the€injury.€€Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÓ  Óò òII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€isÏexcessive.€€He€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€using€enhancement€factor€(10)€toÏincrease€his€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10).€€He€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€reduce€his€sentenceÏwithin€the€appropriate€range€by€failing€to€consider€his€remorse.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„113(13).Ìò òà àó óWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€itÏis€the€duty€of€this€Court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumptionÏthat€ð ðthe€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€areÏcorrect.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÏby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€to€the€determinations€made€by€the€trialÏcourt€which€are€predicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2dÏ305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€166€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1993).€€However,€this€Court€is€required€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trialÏcourtððs€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€courtððs€determination€is€basedÏupon€the€witnessesðð€demeanor€and€appearance.Ìà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€(a)€anyÏevidence€received€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,Ï(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÏalternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€orÏenhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)Ïthe€accusedððs€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€CodeÍAnn.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210.€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),Ïòòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àWhen€the€accused€is€the€appellant,€the€accused€has€the€burden€of€establishingÏthat€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€was€erroneous.€€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401;€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€òòButleróó,€900ÏS.W.2d€at€311.Ìà àThe€State€of€Tennessee€established€that€the€appellant€was€a€Range€IIIÏpersistent€offender.€€The€range€of€this€Class€C€offense€is€ten€(10)€to€fifteen€(15)€years.€ÏThe€trial€court€found€that€the€evidence€established€four€(4)€enhancement€factors,Ïnamely:€(a)€the€appellant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior€and€convictions,ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€€40„35„114(1);€(b)€theÏappella €€ò òÌó óà àThe€trial€court€should€not€have€used€enhancement€factor€(10)€to€enhance€theÏappellantððs€sentence.€€This€Court€has€held€that€œthe›€factor€is€œ›inherentœ›€in€œthe€nature€of€the›Ïoffense.€€œHowever,›€the€erroneous€use€of€this€factor€does€not€mean€œthe›€appellant€isÏentitled€to€have€his€sentence€reduced.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€œ882›€S.W.2d€œ410,›€œ423›€(Tenn.ÍCrim.€œApp.),›€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€œ1994).›Ìà àThis€Court€agrees€with€the€appellant€that€there€is€testimony€contained€in€theÏrecord€that€he€had€remorse€for€what€he€did€to€the€victim.€€However,€it€must€beÏremembered€that€the€trial€court€had€the€opportunity€to€observe€the€appellant€and€hearÏthis€testimony.€€It€is€apparent€that€the€trial€court€did€not€believe€that€the€appellant€hadÏsincere€remorse.€€This€was€the€prerogative€of€the€trial€court.€€This€Court€cannot€reweighÏor€reevaluate€the€credibility€of€a€witness.€€As€this€Court€said€in€òòState€v.€Gary€RoccoÏDenamióó,€Davidson€County€No.€01„C„01„9309„CR„00307€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€NashvilleÏFebruary€23,€1996):€ð ðThe€finding€of€the€presence€or€absence€of€remorse€requires€theÏweighing€of€evidence,€which€only€the€trial€judge€can€do.€€Appellate€courts€cannot€makeÏthat€type€of€determination€from€the€cold,€written€record€since€remorse€or€lack€thereof€isÏextremely€subjective€and€dependent€upon€many€factors€besides€the€spoken€word.ððÌà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà à€Although€represented€by€counsel,€the€appellant€filed€a€òòproóó€òòseóó€motion€for€a€newÏtrial.€€One€of€the€issues€raised€in€the€motion€was€whether€the€appellant€had€beenÏdenied€his€constitutional€right€to€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel.€€He€claims€that€theÏtrial€court€should€have€granted€him€a€hearing€on€this€issue.€€The€remedy€he€seeks€is€aÏremand€to€the€trial€court€for€an€evidentiary€hearing.Ìà à€€This€Court€cannot€determine€whether€the€trial€court€conducted€an€evidentiaryÏhearing€or€summarily€dismissed€the€òòproóó€òòseóó€motion.€€The€record€is€silent.€€There€is€anÍorder€contained€in€the€record€which€simply€states€that€the€motion€for€a€new€trial€wasÏfound€to€be€ð ðwithout€merit.ðð€€The€record€does€not€contain€a€verbatim€transcript€orÏstatement€of€the€evidence€of€the€hearing€on€the€motion€for€a€new€trial.Ìà àAs€a€general€rule,€this€Court€would€conclusively€presume€that€the€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court€was€correct.€€However,€given€the€history€of€this€case,€this€Court€willÏpretermit€this€issue€so€that€the€appellant€can€raise€it€in€a€post„conviction€proceeding.€€€Ìà àÌà à€€€ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ____________________________________Ì€€à à€€DAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ____________________________________Ì€€€€DAVID€R.€FARMER,€SPECIAL€JUDGE