ÿWPCÜ  SÚ)C¾Û¡ñ®ÐUºjQ“j#eëØ$œG| ƒ–S&¾–ëØô]”·Ù q¨)xŒä8F£#·Ú¿šÄ¸ÍÍ«pÒÉQâ<÷GqM±+,&ãè†ÙŒ&´CK%¥N0ÝÞ›Õ}ñ hu5O¨hØBn2Âf,Œ§Ï>TN¡)j aàïÁ¨¤y˜Ö¡úÌÇèÛðô½×ØײÀ|é‘ã—ÈJ}ölïV/ä™"‘ûßiý‹IpÂ~™üÈÒ³&9­òTgôrv¥·AÍlªþ¯#p,Ï} U\¥Iû¶ËmFÒ^y¤D–õWÁHú«ÀDb%„ÿ˜}nW%FüÌ‚ÌÌb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz Ö‘ Æg Æ-Æóƹ 0DNÃÅÅEÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍbÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ 0ë×××× B 0¤ß D5ƒ D-¸ 0Kåå AS0ƃ 0¤I 0Dí A«1˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»˜r#-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularYo†)pȤ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ÌÝ ƒRð'$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôø%ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThis€case€is€factually€distinguishable€from€òòMays€v.€Stateóó,€495€S.W.2d€833€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972),€cited€byÐ ° Ðthe€appellant.€€In€òòMaysóó,€the€prosecution€knew€the€witnesses€had€repudiated€their€pre„trial€statements€and€knew€they€wouldÐ tÄ Ðcontinue€to€do€so€when€called€to€the€stand€at€trial.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó - ù-(|G2ð'$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€W»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôø%ò»»Ô d(|3ÉR$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€W»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÉR$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€W»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€W»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼W»»»ÔÑ8€¡XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îN¼î»¼WÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼W»îîN¼ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€July€10,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡X¡X»¼WÔÌò òÔ#†¼W»XX¡#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóDEUNDRICK€LARAN€COBLEÔ‡X¡X»¼WÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Obion€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€0„187€€€€€€William€B.€Acree,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2001„00039„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€August€30,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€appellant€was€convicted€of€aggravated€assault€and€sentenced€to€five€years€in€the€TennesseeÐ xÈ  ÐDepartment€of€Correction€as€a€standard€Range€I€offender.€€In€this€appeal,€he€raises€two€issues.€€First,Ð d´ Ðhe€maintains€that€a€prior€inconsistent€statement€was€improperly€used€by€the€prosecution€to€impeachÐ P  Ðthe€testimony€of€a€prosecution€witness.€€Second,€he€claims€the€prosecutor€made€improper€remarksÐ <Œ Ðduring€closing€argument.€€We€find€neither€of€these€alleged€errors€requires€reversal€of€this€case€andÐ (x Ðthus€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð d ÐÓ»ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ ì< ÐÌòòÓ  ÓJerry€L.€SmithÔ#†¼W»àX¡™#ÔÔ‡X¡X.¼WÔ,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòAlan€E.Ð Ä ÐGlenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ° ÐÌSteve€Conley,€(on€appeal);€Bruce€and€Steve€Conley,€Union€City,€Tennessee€(at€trial),€for€theÐ ˆØ Ðappellant,€Deundrick€Laran€Coble.€Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Angele€M.€Gregory,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð L œ ÐThomas€A.€Thomas,€District€Attorney€General;€and€James€T.€Cannon,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ 8!ˆ  ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $"t! ÐÓÛÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼W»XX¡#ÔÔ‡X¡X»¼WÔÐ ü#L# ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼W»XX¡õ #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X¡X»¼WÔÌà  àAs€accredited€by€the€juryððs€verdict,€the€proof€showed€that€on€March€26,€2000,€the€victim,Ð À&"& ÐMarcus€Treadwell,€was€driving€his€girlfriendððs€car€down€an€Obion€County€street€at€3:00€a.m.€€A€blueÐ ¬'ü"' Ðcar€driven€by€Jeffrey€Ervin€pulled€up€beside€Treadwell.€€The€appellant€was€a€passenger€in€the€blueÐ ˜(è#( Ðcar.€€Treadwell€and€the€appellant€had€a€brief€conversation€concerning€an€altercation€betweenÐ „)Ô$) ÐTreadwell€and€one€of€the€appellantððs€cousins.€€The€appellant€then€pulled€out€a€small€caliber€pistolÐ p*À%* Ðand€fired€two€or€three€shots€at€Treadwell.€€Ervin€and€the€appellant€drove€away,€and€Treadwell,€whoÐ \+¬&+ Ðwas€uninjured,€drove€home.Ð H,˜', ÐÐ 4-„(-ý Ðà  àTreadwellððs€mother€convinced€him€to€report€the€incident€to€the€police.€€Officer€Mike€GeorgeÐ ° Ðinvestigated€the€case.€€George€inspected€the€car€Treadwell€was€driving€and€found€two€bullet€holesÐ œì Ðin€the€back€seat.€€George€also€found€a€bullet€fragment€near€the€carððs€rear€windshield€and€anotherÐ ˆØ Ðfragment€on€the€floorboard.€€George€did€not€find€any€physical€evidence€at€the€location€of€theÐ tÄ Ðshooting,€but€he€did€locate€two€witnesses€who€had€heard€gunfire€in€the€area€between€3:00€a.m.€andÐ `° Ð4:00€a.m.€€Neither€witness€called€the€police.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àJeffrey€Ervin€testified€that€he€and€the€appellant€were€riding€around€in€the€early€morning€hoursÐ $ t Ðof€March€26,€2000.€€Ervin€was€driving€and€the€appellant€was€a€passenger€in€the€vehicle.€€ErvinÐ  ` Ðinitially€stated€that€he€did€not€remember€if€the€pair€had€stopped€to€talk€to€Treadwell.€€He€rememberedÐ ü L  Ðthat€the€police€had€picked€him€up€about€four€days€after€the€shooting,€but€he€could€not€remember€whatÐ è 8  Ðhe€had€told€the€officers.€€At€this€point,€over€the€objection€of€the€defense,€the€prosecution€was€allowedÐ Ô$  Ðto€question€Ervin€with€a€statement€he€had€given€Officer€George.Ð À  ÐÌà  àUnder€questioning€about€the€statement,€Ervin€admitted€telling€George€that€he,€Ervin,€and€theÐ ˜è  Ðappellant€pulled€up€near€Treadwellððs€car,€and€that€the€appellant€and€Treadwell€spoke.€€He€alsoÐ „Ô  Ðadmitted€telling€George€that€Treadwell€had€a€gun.€€He€denied€telling€George€that€the€appellant€hadÐ pÀ Ðfired€one€round€at€Treadwell€in€self„defense.Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€prosecution€recalled€Officer€George€to€the€stand€and€he€recounted€Ervinððs€originalÐ 4„ Ðstatement€to€police€as€follows:Ð  p ÐÌà8  àð ðHe€told€me€he€had€been€out€driving€around€town€on€the€northeast€side€of€Union€CityÐ øH Ðwith€Deundrick€Coble,€that€he,€Jeff€Ervin,€was€driving€the€car,€Deundrick€Coble€wasÐ ä4 Ða€passenger€in€the€car.€€As€they€neared€the€intersection€of€Martin€Luther€King€andÐ Ð  ÐTaylor,€there€was€a€red€car€in€front€of€them.€€This€red€car€pulled€over€to€the€curb.€€HeÐ ¼  Ðstated€that€he€pulled€up€next€to€the€red€car.€€The€red€car€was€occupied€by€a€MarcusÐ ¨ø ÐTreadwell.€€He€stated€that€he,€Jeff€Ervin,€being€the€driver€of€the€blue€car,€could€seeÐ ”ä ÐMarcus€Treadwell€cocking€a€weapon€.€.€.€€He€said€at€that€point€in€time,€he€did€not€seeÐ €Ð Ðthe€gun,€but€he€knew€he€had€one€and€he€was€cocking€it.Ðl¼Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àHe€said,€ð ðDeundrick€Coble€came€up€with€a€handgun.ðð€€He€described€it€as€a€smallÐ D!” Ðhandgun.€€He€fired€one€round€towards€Marcus€Treadwell.€€That€he,€Jeff,€Ervin€„€theÐ 0"€  Ðcar€was€running€„€and€he,€Jeff€Ervin,€simply€drove€off€towards€Main€Street.ððÐ#l!Ð Ð  ÐÌAt€the€request€of€the€State,€the€jury€was€instructed€to€consider€Ervinððs€pre„trial€statement€only€for€theÐ ô$D # Ðpurpose€of€assessing€his€credibility.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€testified€on€his€own€behalf.€€He€testified€that€he€did€see€the€victim€on€theÐ ¸'#& Ðmorning€of€March€26,€2000,€but€did€not€fire€shots€at€Treadwell.€€He€testified€that€he€and€Ervin€didÐ ¤(ô#' Ðnot€flash€their€car€lights€at€the€victim,€but€that€the€two€cars€did€pull€up€beside€each€other.€€TheÐ )à$( Ðâ âappellant€stated€that€the€conversation€ended€when€Treadwell€reached€over€in€his€passenger€seat€andÐ |*Ì%) Ðput€a€pistol€up€on€the€armrest.€€The€appellant€testified€that€he€and€Ervin€immediately€drove€off€andÐ ° Ðwent€home.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà@Ï Ï ìàòòò òImpeachment€With€Prior€Inconsistent€Statementó óóóˆÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àIn€his€first€issue,€the€appellant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€State€toÐ L œ Ðimpeach€its€own€witness,€Jeffrey€Ervin,€with€his€prior€inconsistent€statement.€€We€respectfullyÐ 8 ˆ Ðdisagree.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€607€permits€the€credibility€of€a€witness€to€be€impeached€by€anyÐ ü L  Ðparty,€including€the€party€who€called€the€witness.€€However,€a€party€may€not€call€a€witness€to€testifyÐ è 8  Ðsolely€as€a€ruse€for€the€purpose€of€impeaching€that€witness€with€a€prior€inconsistent€statement€thatÐ Ô$  Ðwould€be€inadmissible€as€substantiative€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€15€S.W.3d€880€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð À  Ð1999).Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àIn€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€this€Court€held€that€the€State€could€impeach€its€own€witness€with€a€priorÐ „Ô  Ðinconsistent€statement€where€no€proof€existed€that€the€State€had€called€the€witness€as€a€pretext€inÐ pÀ Ðorder€to€introduce€her€prior€statement.€€òòId.óó€at€892.€€In€that€case,€the€witness€had€given€a€statementÐ \¬ Ðprior€to€trial€that€the€defendant€had€said€to€get€rid€of€a€gun€because,€ð ðit€could€be€caught€up€in€aÐ H˜ Ðmurder.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€885.€€The€State,€expecting€the€witness€to€repeat€her€prior€statement,€was€allowed€toÐ 4„ Ðintroduce€the€witnessðð€prior€statement€after€the€witness€testified€that,€ð ðthe€gun€could€be€caught€upÐ  p Ðin€something.ðð€€òòId.óó€€After€introduction€of€the€prior€statement,€the€defendant€testified€that€her€trialÐ  \ Ðtestimony€was€accurate,€rather€than€her€pre„trial€statement.€€òòId.óóÐ øH ÐÌà  àThis€Court€affirmed€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€allow€questioning€regarding€the€witnessðð€pre„Ð Ð  Ðtrial€statement€because:€(1)€the€witnessðð€trial€testimony€was€inconsistent€with€her€pre„trial€statement,€Ð ¼  Ð(2)€defense€counsel€had€failed€to€notify€the€State€that€the€witness€had€repudiated€the€accuracy€of€herÐ ¨ø Ðpre„trial€statement,€and€(3)€there€was€no€proof€that€the€prosecutor€called€the€witness€as€a€pretext€orÐ ”ä Ðruse€to€introduce€her€prior€statement.€€òòId.óó€at€892.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àTurning€to€the€facts€of€the€instant€case,€it€appears€that€Ervin€first€told€police€that€the€appellantÐ X ¨ Ðhad€fired€a€small€caliber€handgun€at€Treadwell,€but€that€the€shooting€was€in€self„defense.€€At€theÐ D!” Ðpreliminary€hearing€in€this€case,€Ervin€testified€that€he€could€remember€only€his€name,€that€he€hadÐ 0"€  Ðspoken€with€Officer€George,€and€that€he€had€never€told€George€he€had€seen€the€appellant€with€a€gun.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àAt€the€hearing€on€the€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€prosecutor€explained€that€in€the€interimÐ ô$D # Ðbetween€the€preliminary€hearing€and€the€trial,€and€following€discussions€involving€his€parents€andÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€prosecutor,€Ervin€indicated€that€at€trial€he€would€testify€truthfully,€i.e.,€in€accordance€with€hisÐ Ì&"% Ðstatement€given€to€Officer€George.€€Thus,€there€is€no€evidence€in€this€record€that€the€prosecutionÐ ¸'#& Ðcalled€Ervin€knowing€he€would€repudiate€his€pre„trial€statement€to€police.€€Indeed,€it€appears€that€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðâ âprosecution€was€misled€by€Ervin€into€believing€that€at€trial,€Ervin€would€affirm€his€pre„trialÐ )à$( Ðstatement.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Under€the€circumstances,€there€is€nothing€in€the€record€of€this€case€to€indicate€that€ErvinÐ ° Ðâ âwas€called€to€the€stand€as€a€mere€ruse€to€get€his€pre„trial€statement€into€evidence.€€It€was,€therefore,Ð œì Ðproper€under€the€circumstances€to€permit€the€prosecution€to€impeach€Ervin€with€his€pre„trialÐ ˆØ Ðstatement€to€police.Ð tÄ ÐÌà@ðð"ìàòòCLOSING€ARGUMENTóóˆÐ L œ ÐÌà  àDuring€closing€arguments,€the€defense€pointed€out€to€the€jury€that€the€victim€in€this€case,€Mr.Ð $ t ÐTreadwell,€had€showed€little€interest€in€prosecuting€the€case.€€Counsel€noted€that€Treadwell€had€beenÐ  ` Ðcajoled€into€reporting€the€case€by€his€girlfriend€and€mother,€and€that€he€was€not€even€present€in€theÐ ü L  Ðcourtroom€to€see€the€outcome€of€the€proceedings.€€Presumably,€this€was€an€attempt€to€persuade€theÐ è 8  Ðjury€that€if€the€alleged€victim€had€no€interest€in€convicting€the€appellant,€neither€should€the€jury.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àIn€response€to€this€line€of€argument,€the€prosecutor€during€his€final€argument€stated:Ð ¬ü  Ðà8  àð ðIf€you€believe€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€Deundrick€Coble€fired€these€shots€atÐ ˜è  ÐMarcus€Treadwell€and€you€decide€to€just€let€it€go€because€Mr.€Treadwell€is€not€here,Ð „Ô  Ðthen€youððre€not€fulfilling€your€oath,€and€youððre€putting€Lavell€Sanders,€youððre€puttingÐ pÀ ÐClarence€Davis,€and€youððre€putting€everybody€else€that€lives€in€that€community€atÐ \¬ Ðrisk€.€.€.ÐH˜Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àYouððre€putting€everybody€at€risk,€because€youððre€sending€the€message€out€there€thatÐ  p Ðitððs€okay€to€shoot€at€people,€that€if€the€person€being€shot€at€really€doesnððt€get€thatÐ  \ Ðupset€about€it,€weððre€not€going€to€get€upset€about€it€.€.€.€What€message€are€you€goingÐ øH Ðto€send€to€him€[the€victim]?€€ð ðIððll€take€care€of€it€myself.€€Get€me€a€gun€and€Iððll€shootÐ ä4 ÐDeundrick€Coble.ðð€ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌObjections€to€these€remarks€were€overruled€by€the€trial€court.€€The€appellant€complains€that€theseÐ ¨ø Ðcomments€by€the€prosecutor€were€improper€because€they€are€irrelevant€to€the€question€of€guilt€orÐ ”ä Ðinnocence,€but€are€rather€an€appeal€to€the€jury€to€deliver€a€verdict€that€will€generally€deter€crime.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àA€prosecutor€should€avoid€appealing€to€the€jury€to€concern€itself€with€general€deterrence€ofÐ X ¨ Ðcrime€in€the€community.€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€809€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.€Henleyóó,€774Ð D!” ÐS.W.2d€908,€913€(Tenn.€1989).€€Nevertheless,€we€are€convinced€that€these€remarks€did€not€affect€theÐ 0"€  Ðjuryððs€verdict.€€The€comments€are€a€direct€response€to€the€defenseððs€argument€concerningÐ #l! ÐTreadwellððs€lack€of€interest€in€the€case,€and€they€do€not€appear€to€be€a€product€of€an€improperÐ $X" Ðattempt€to€improperly€influence€the€jury.€€Moreover,€the€Stateððs€case€against€the€appellant€was€fairlyÐ ô$D # Ðstrong,€and€there€does€not€appear€to€be€any€other€errors€in€the€record€that€exacerbate€the€effect€of€theÐ à%0!$ Ðremarks.€€Finally,€although€tried€for€attempted€first€degree€murder,€the€appellant€was€convicted€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€lesser€offense€of€aggravated€assault.€€Under€the€circumstances,€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€theÐ ¸'#& Ðprosecutorððs€comments€did€not€affect€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€of€the€appellant,€and€€therefore,€noÐ ° Ðreversal€is€required.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Cauthernóó,€967€S.W.2d€726,€738€(Tenn.€1998).Ð œì ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ll%ìàòòCONCLUSIONóóˆÐ  ` ÐÌà  àIn€light€of€the€foregoing,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.Ð è 8  ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ¬ü  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE