ÿWPCÍ  õ‰êøB¦ÄhV$6 àîž‚E jºÔCþ×uªQ_¶z´CšœýéÑ≴8Vs5à:T ½·Õö¨!èÅ6ûA‰.`‡§¤¦î± M±F±æÕÞä•\±«F#bˆŒÑÿÿc+ÎóŠÏ0£\óó©ÞãZÎ>oK‡·èñ S!2øÖÝŠf"nz§1¥ü5£S̽ôJC3Çc”NIvYF¥(üc-2ZæpM«ÔR(Ä(RÕk[‰vベ{&Jû¶ÝЉh‘[b·øJŸ¼Á “Ñ-æÎK‘ bMj1jBÀ>¢»ÀYSS`˜ö\á§qo™\‘Ž fkFîç _?êý¤ã¼@î0„)yéò1ÒâtÝ ê&<¢“b™k$µ÷šJši© dÎ-Y1þ þ$’Æ$¸&ÄÖž  -Rù Cæ+te™Ý?Û7äðÏ4@üRU –)ÎlLÙ3vZ£7zŠz)ŽõhåñTKçøLx- +ÚÏáúåË¢ÌÜ‚ÜÁìcâNCs`DqPt/"…Å0Íß_ñ+u.CÆ!›b*»Ó™3ÁyÎÆh…± BOvÃ\`¨`»Ã³.&ë÷dª³V%•’ "Œ*# LUNW %¥ 0(«w@Ó4'6U :> 0lx 0Dä AQ(U:y³U:É(U:+ U:e e e e e e e e e e e e e e BŸ Ƽ 0D‚ 0DÆ 0D D/N N B} D3š ˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLàÏ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ ijIkDlmUnopqDrÓ€‹b%3|x},†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó!"#$&Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular Ñ X Ñ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XEn XXXÔÔ€ºl  XXEnÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XEn X ºlÔÐ  ÐÌò òNovember€3,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôuý ô XXEnÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,Ù¹6 AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular dƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd 'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñrñ›ñrñÒ°ÒÑ` °ÑÒX°Òò òÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€Š’ÀŠXXÔÔ€Šb×ŠŠŠ’ÀÔÑ  Ññrñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` ttx$X` ð Úrß›ñrñà@î î DàÔ€ Šb×ŠŠŠb×ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ `  ÐÌà@//)DàAT€KNOXVILLEˆÌÌà@ãã%DàFEBRUARY€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9708„CR„00353Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àó óAppellee,ò òà h àà À àà  à)à p àMcMINN€COUNTYÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)ÌV.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHONORABLE€R.€STEVEN€BEBB,Ð `  ÐELISA€COCHRAN,à h àà À àà  à)à p àJUDGEÐ ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àó óAppellant.ò òà h àà À àà  à)à p à(FELONY€MURDER)Ð ` Ðó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àà p àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð Hè ÐÌò òKENNETH€F.€IRVINE,€JR.à À àà  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÐ 8Ø ÐEldridge,€Irvine€&€Hendricksà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ 8 Ø Ð606€W.€Main€St.,€Suite€350ÌP.€O.€Box€84à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òELIZABETH€B.€MARNEYó óÐ ("È ÐKnoxville,€TN€37901„0084à À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ (#È Ð(Appeal)à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ  $À Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àSecond€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌò òTHOMAS€E.€KIMBALLó óà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ð &° ÐAssistant€Public€DefenderÌ110€ðð€Washington€Avenue,€N.E.à  àà p àò òJERRY€N.€ESTESó óÐ (¨ ÐAthens,€TN€37303à h àà À àà  àà p àà È àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ )¨  Ð(Trial)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òSANDRA€DONAGHYó óÐ ø*˜!" Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à10th€Judicial€DistrictÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWashington€AvenueÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAthens,€TN€37303ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÔ‡ Šb×ŠŠ Šb×ÔOPINION€FILED€________________________Ð ¨5H,- ÐÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÔ#† Šb×ŠŠ Šbב #ÔÔ‡ Šb×ŠŠ Šb×ÔÐ  ˆ9(01 ÐÓ  ÓÔ‡ °ÅɰРŠb×Ôò òòòÑ7€&LXdìXXdì7ÑœOPINIONóóó óÔ#† Šb׊° °ÅÉr#ÔÔ#† Šb×ŠŠ Šb×2#ÔñkñÑ€/V ÑñkñÔ€Šb×ŠŠ Šb×ԛР`  ÐÓ  ÓÓÓÌà ` àThe€defendant,€Elisa€Cochran,€€was€convicted€of€felony€murder€and€€receivedÏa€mandatory€sentence€of€life€imprisonment.€€This€is€an€appeal€as€of€right€of€thatÏconviction.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€presents€three€issues€for€review:€(1)€whether€the€evidence€wasÏinsufficient€to€convict€her€of€first€degree„felony€murder;€(2)€whether€she€€was€deniedÏa€fair€trial€by€the€introduction€of€her€husbandððs€testimony,€and€his€prior€statements,Ïand€by€the€circumstances€surrounding€his€interrogation;€and€(3)€whether€the€trialÏcourt€erred€in€failing€to€require€the€state€to€elect€between€first€degree€felony€murderÏand€premeditated€first€degree€murder€at€the€close€of€its€proof.ÌÌà ` àThe€judgment€is€affirmed.€ÌÌà ` àThe€relevant€facts€are€as€follows:€€On€April€26,€1995,€a€body€was€discoveredÏin€a€remote€area€of€McMinn€County.€€The€Tennessee€Bureau€of€InvestigationÏassisted€the€McMinn€County€Sheriffððs€Department€in€the€investigation.€€Special€AgentÏT.€J.€Jordan€of€the€€T.B.I.,€was€the€primary€investigating€officer.Ì€Ìà ` àSpecial€Agent€Jordan€testified€that€the€body€was€found€on€an€old€road€bedÏsome€two€hundred€and€ninety€feet€from€county€road€429.€€€The€old€road€bed€wasÏaccessible€only€by€foot.€€The€body€was€laying€in€a€face€down€position€and€was€fullyÏclothed.€€It€was€in€an€extreme€state€of€decomposition€and€was€totally€unrecognizable.€ÏThe€victim€had€been€killed€by€a€single€gunshot€wound€to€his€head.€€The€bullet€hadÏentered€the€victim€near€the€his€left€eye€and€exited€from€the€back€of€his€head.€€TheÐ ¶9V01 Ðevidence€suggested€that€the€victim€had€been€shot€where€he€was€found.€€One€liveÏround€of€ammo€was€found€at€the€scene.ÌÌà ` àFrom€dental€records€and€finger€prints,€it€was€determined€that€the€victim€wasÏBenjamin€Smith.€€Mr.€Smith€graduated€from€the€University€of€Tennessee€in€1995€andÏworked€at€Martin€Marietta€in€Portsmouth,€Ohio.€€His€parents€lived€in€Knoxville,€andÏhe€was€visiting€them€on€Easter€weekend,€1995.€€Easter€Day€was€April€16.€€When€theÏvictim€did€not€return,€his€parents€reported€him€missing.ÌÌà ` àAfter€learning€the€identity€of€the€victim,€the€investigators€developed€severalÏleads.€€From€the€victimððs€bank€records,€they€knew€that€he€went€to€an€ATM€inÏKnoxville€at€2:45€a.m.,€on€April€16,€1995,€and€withdrew€$200.00.€€From€the€video€atÏthe€ATM€machine,€they€knew€that€someone€was€in€the€driverððs€seat€of€his€truck€atÏthat€time.€€They€learned€from€his€credit€card€records€that€he€had€made€a€purchaseÏthat€evening€at€Hooterððs€Restaurant€in€Knoxville.€€Perhaps€more€importantly,€theÏinvestigation€revealed€that€the€victim€frequented€strip€clubs€in€the€Knoxville€area.€ÏSeveral€clubs€were€contacted,€and€the€investigators€learned€that€the€victim€had€beenÏat€the€Mouseððs€Ear€West€on€Kingston€Pike€in€Knoxville€on€Easter€weekend.€€TheÏinvestigators€then€inquired€as€to€whether€any€of€the€dancers€at€the€Mouseððs€Ear€livedÏin€McMinn€County.€€They€found€that€the€defendant,€Elisa€Cochran,€a€dancer,€livedÏthere.€ÌÌà ` àThe€manager€and€three€dancers€from€the€Mouseððs€Ear€testified.€€The€managerÏtestified€that€the€defendant€worked€on€the€night€of€April€15th€from€5:50€p.m.€to€12:56Ð  :À00 Ða.m..€€The€three€dancers€knew€the€victim,€and€they€all€saw€him€at€the€Mouseððs€EarÏon€April€15th.€€Two€of€the€dancers€saw€the€defendant€talking€with€the€victim.Ìà ` àÌà ` à€€A€waitress€from€Hooterððs€Restaurant€testified€that€she€sold€the€victim€a€carry„¼out€order€of€crab€legs€on€April€15th.€€Two€of€the€dancers€observed€the€defendantÏeating€seafood€that€night.ÌÌà ` àOne€of€the€dancers€testified€that€she€had€known€the€victim€for€about€two€yearsÏand€that€she€and€another€dancer€had€gone€shopping€with€the€victim€in€downtownÏKnoxville.€€Another€dancer€said€that€on€April€15th,€the€victim€asked€her€to€goÏshopping€with€him.€€ÌÌà ` àAgent€Jordan€interviewed€the€defendant.€€She€admitted€that€she€had€workedÏat€the€Mouseððs€Ear€West€on€April€15,€1995.€€She€claimed€she€left€at€2:00€a.m.€andÏdrove€her€boyfriendððs€truck€to€his€house€where€she€spent€the€night.€€Her€boyfriendððsÏname€was€Burch€Russell.€€She€also€told€the€investigator€that€her€ex„husband,€BrianÏCochran,€had€been€to€the€Mouseððs€Ear€about€three€weeks€prior€to€April€15th€and€hadÏbecome€jealous€over€a€customer€watching€her€dance.€€She€said€that€her€ex„husbandÏowned€a€nine€millimeter€handgun.€€She€told€the€investigator€that€she€did€not€knowÏanything€about€the€murder.ÌÌÌà ` àMr.€Jordan€interviewed€Brian€Cochran€on€May€12,€1995.€€€He€and€theÏdefendant€had€divorced€four€days€earlier.€€He€was€also€given€a€polygraphÏexamination.Ð  :À00 Їà ` àThe€polygraph€examiner€testified€without€objection€that€Cochran€practicedÏdeception€or€was€untruthful€in€his€responses€to€three€relevant€questions.€€ThoseÏquestions€were€(1)€were€you€present€when€the€man€was€shot;€(2)€did€you€shoot€thatÏman;€and€(3)€do€you€know€for€sure€who€shot€that€man.€€The€trial€judge€gave€the€juryÏthe€following€instructions€after€the€polygraph€examiner€testified:ÌÓÓà8 ` àI€think€that€I€should€instruct€the€jury€at€this€time€that€the€polygraph€hasÏnot€been€recognized€in€Tennessee€courts€as€reliable€enough€to€beÏadmitted€into€evidence€as€probative€of€a€witnessðð€truthfulness€orÏuntruthfulness.€€The€polygraph€is€used€by€law€enforcement€as€œñpñañpññqñiñqñn›Ïinvestigative€tool.€€This€evidence€is€not€admitted€and€should€not€reflectÏon€the€credibility€of€any€witness.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÓÚ"Óà ` àÌà ` àAfter€Cochran€was€told€that€he€failed€the€test,€he€told€Special€Agent€JordanÏand€the€polygraph€examiner€that€his€wife,€Elisa,€had€told€him€about€killing€thisÏindividual.€€He€also€told€them€that€his€wife€had€described€how€she€shot€the€individualÏand€where€she€got€the€gun.€€No€objection€was€made€by€the€defense€to€that€testimonyÏnor€to€similar€testimony€from€Special€Agent€Jordan.ÌÌà ` àWith€the€information€he€received€from€Brian€Cochran€as€to€the€location€of€theÏgun,€Special€Agent€Jordan€went€to€the€residence€of€Eby€Garwood.€€Mr.€GarwoodÏproduced€a€nine€millimeter€semi„automatic€handgun€which€was€manufactured€byÏGlock.€€Agent€Jordan€unloaded€the€weapon€and€found€a€round€of€ammo€similar€toÏthe€round€found€at€the€murder€scene.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€was€brought€to€the€McMinn€County€Justice€Center€at€3:30€a.m.,Ïon€May€12,€1995.€€She€gave€the€following€statement:ÌÓÓÌà8 ` àà ¸ àOn€Saturday€the€15th€of€April,€1995,€I€met€the€guy€in€the€MouseððsÏEar€while€I€was€working.€€I€donððt€remember€his€name.€€He€told€me€heÐ  :À00 Ðhad€taken€some€of€the€girls€shopping€and€stuff.€€He€left€after€I€talked€toÏhim.€€We€didnððt€set€up€anything€for€when€I€got€off.€€I€think€I€got€off€earlyÏthat€night.€€It€was€a€slow€night.€€When€I€walked€outside€I€went€to€myÏtruck€and€he€was€hiding€in€my€truck€and€he€had€a€gun.€€He€made€meÏdrive€to€his€truck.€€We€got€in€his€truck€and€we€drove€around€for€awhile.€ÏI€was€driving€his€truck.€€He€talked€to€me€about€having€sex€with€him.€€HeÏwanted€to€go€to€a€teller€machine.€€I€donððt€know€why€he€got€the€money.€ÏI€donððt€remember€which€one€we€went€to.€€I€drove€up€to€it€and€he€got€outÏto€get€the€money.€€He€still€had€the€gun€on€him.€I€think.€€I€donððt€know€whyÏI€didnððt€drive€off.€€I€was€scared.€€We€went€back€to€my€truck€and€we€gotÏin€my€truck€and€drove.€€He€told€me€to€drive€to€my€house.€€He€had€askedÏme€if€I€had€a€boyfriend€and€I€told€him€no.€€I€told€him€I€lived€alone.€€WeÏheaded€straight€to€McMinn€County.€€I€didnððt€talk€much,€but€he€did.€€HeÏtold€me€I€looked€good€and€he€touched€me€and€stuff.€€He€rubbed€myÏlegs,€between€my€legs,€and€my€breasts.€€I€let€him,€because€I€wasÏscared.€€He€played€with€himself€too.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àOnce€we€got€into€McMinn€County€I€told€him€I€had€a€live„inÏboyfriend€and€he€got€mad.€€He€told€me€to€pull€over.€€I€pulled€over€off€theÏside€of€the€road.€€He€told€me€to€get€out€of€the€truck.€€I€just€startedÏwalking€towards€the€woods€up€a€hill.€€We€had€to€go€under€a€wire€andÏthen€there€was€a€rock.€€He€had€the€gun€and€he€was€mad€at€me.€€I€knewÏhe€was€going€to€kill€me.€€We€just€walked€up€the€hill€and€I€was€in€front€ofÏhim.€€I€heard€something€behind€me€and€turned€around.€€He€stumbled€orÏsomething.€€He€was€looking€around€and€I€picked€the€gun€up€off€theÏground.€€I€donððt€know€if€he€came€toward€me.€€€I€told€him€to€leave€meÏalone,€and€I€just€shot€him.€€I€shot€him€in€the€head.€€The€gun€got€hung€upÏafter€I€shot€him.€€I€only€shot€him€once.€€After€he€was€shot,€he€fell€on€hisÏface.€€I€left€and€went€to€my€motherððs€house€in€Englewood.€€I€got€myÏbrotherððs€car€and€went€back.€€It€was€daylight€then.€€I€was€by€myself.€ÏWhen€I€got€back€to€him,€I€took€his€wallet€and€check€book.€€The€moneyÏhe€had€gotten€was€in€my€truck.€€I€took€the€stuff,€because€I€didnððt€knowÏwhat€to€do.€€I€threw€the€wallet€and€check€book€out€the€window€of€myÏtruck€after€I€picked€it€up€from€my€momððs.€€I€drove€around€on€back€roadsÏfor€awhile.€€I€donððt€remember€where€I€threw€his€stuff€out.€€His€keys€wereÏin€my€truck€and€they€have€a€knife€on€them.€€I€donððt€know€where€his€truckÏis€at.€€The€keys€are€on€top€of€a€locker€at€the€Mouseððs€Ear.€€I€havenððtÏseen€the€truck€since€that€night.€€After€I€drove€around€I€went€to€Burchððs.€ÏI€donððt€remember€how€much€money€it€was.€€I€gave€it€to€Burch.€€HeÏdoesnððt€know€where€I€got€it.€€I€told€Burch€about€it€last€night€after€DeputyÏJoey€Guy€came€to€see€him.€€I€told€him€I€had€to€do€it,€but€didnððt€give€himÏany€details.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àI€had€taken€the€gun€from€Burchððs.€€I€got€it,€because€someone€triedÏto€get€in€my€truck€after€work€one€night.€€I€was€leaving€work€andÏsomeone€flashed€their€lights€at€me€and€I€pulled€over.€€They€came€up€toÏme,€forced€a€kiss€on€me,€and€tried€to€get€me€to€go€with€them.€€ThatððsÏwhy€I€had€the€gun.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÐ  :À00 Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àThe€guy€I€shot€was€wearing€a€suit€and€had€a€hat€on.€€He€woreÏglasses.€€He€had€boots€on.€€He€said€he€was€from€Ohio.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àI€didnððt€report€it€because€of€my€job.€€I€knew€people€wouldnððtÏunderstand.€€I€knew€I€would€have€to€go€to€jail.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€was€arrested€after€giving€this€statement.€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà ` àThere€was€evidence€which€corroborated€part€of€the€defendantððs€statement.€ÏThe€keys€to€the€victimððs€truck€were€found€on€top€of€the€locker€at€the€Mouseððs€EarÏwhere€the€defendant€said€they€would€be.€€Eby€Garwood€and€Burch€Russell€testifiedÏthat€Garwood€took€the€Glock€handgun€to€Russellððs€house€and€that€it€remained€thereÏfor€about€a€week.€Garwood€also€testified€that€when€he€left€the€gun,€there€were€fifteenÏrounds€with€aluminum€casings€in€the€clip.€€When€he€retrieved€the€gun,€there€wereÏtwo€to€four€brass€casings€in€the€clip€in€addition€to€the€aluminum€casings.€Ô‡ ŠWôŠŠŠWôÔThisÐ ¼ \ Ðcorroborated€the€defendantððs€testimony€that€she€took€the€gun€from€Russellððs€house.Ô#†ŠWôŠŠ ŠWôÑ9#ÔÐ Ä"d Ðà ` àÌà ` àThere€was€evidence€which€refuted€part€of€the€defendantððs€statement.€ÏEmployees€of€the€Mouseððs€Ear€testified€that€the€clubððs€policy€was€for€a€maleÏemployee€to€escort€the€dancers€to€their€vehicles€after€work.€€This€cast€some€doubtÏupon€the€defendantððs€testimony€that€the€victim€was€waiting€for€her€in€her€truck.€ÏBurch€Russell€testified€that€he€was€not€the€defendantððs€boyfriend.€€Rather,€heÏallowed€her€to€live€at€his€house€because€she€was€pregnant€and€because€she€hadÏtold€him€that€the€child€may€be€his€child.€€He€also€refuted€her€testimony€that€she€gaveÏthe€$200.00€taken€from€the€victim€to€him.€€Ìâ âÐ 7´-- Ðà ` àBrian€Cochran,€the€defendantððs€ex„husband,€was€called€as€a€witness€by€theÏâ âState.€€Cochran€testified€the€defendant€told€him€she€had€a€set€of€keys€from€a€truckÏand€that€she€needed€to€talk€to€him.€€She€told€him€someone€had€been€shot.€€UponÏobjection€by€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€disallowed€Brian€Cochranððs€testimony€andÏinstructed€the€jury€not€to€consider€it.ÌÌà ` àThe€defense€offered€no€evidence.ÌÌà ` àThe€indictment€was€a€three€count€indictment.€€In€the€first€count,€the€defendantÏwas€indicted€for€premeditated€first€degree€murder.€€The€jury€found€her€guilty€ofÏsecond€degree€murder.€€In€the€second€count,€the€defendant€was€indicted€for€felonyÏmurder€while€in€the€perpetration€of€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€She€was€foundÏguilty€as€charged.€€In€the€third€count,€the€defendant€was€indicted€for€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery.€€The€trial€court€had€instructed€the€jury€that€if€it€found€theÏdefendant€guilty€of€Count€Two€or€of€a€lesser€included€offense,€then€it€should€notÏreturn€a€verdict€upon€Count€Three.€€However,€the€jury€apparently€misunderstood€theÏtrial€courtððs€instructions€and€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€lesser€included€offenseÏof€theft€under€five€hundred€dollars€($500.00),€a€misdemeanor.€€The€trial€court€mergedÏthe€second€degree€murder€conviction€into€the€felony€murder€conviction€andÏdismissed€the€theft€conviction.ÌÌà ` àThe€first€issue€presented€for€review€is€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€toÏconvict€the€defendant€of€first€degree€felony€murder.Ìâ âÐ 8¸.. ÐÔ‡ ŠWôŠŠŠWôÔà ` àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€does€notÏâ âreweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779Ð h  Ð(Tenn.€œCrim.€›App.€1990),€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€309€(œTenn.€Crim.€›App.Ð p  Ð1994).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€valueÏto€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€the€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ð ˆ(  Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€A€guilty€verdict,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€credits€the€testimony€ofÏthe€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€of€testimony€in€favor€of€the€theory€ofÏthe€State.€€òòState€v.€Hatchettóó,€560€S.W.2d€627,€630.€(Tenn.€1978).€€Since€a€verdict€ofÐ  @ Ðguilty€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€a€presumption€ofÏguilty,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€Court€of€illustrating€why€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€jury.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2dÐ ¸X Ð913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guilty€due€to€theÏsufficiency€of€the€evidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€the€record€and€anyÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€facts€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€forÏa€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€accused€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòIdóó.€Ð Ø'x ÐBecause€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€the€key€inquiry€in€this€case,€the€guidingÏprinciple€is€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,Ïany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,Ð ø/˜&& Ð99€L.Ed.€2d€2781€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.1985).Ô#†ŠWôŠŠ ŠWôRC#ÔÐ 2 (( ÐÌà ` àThe€State€established€that€Benjamin€Smith€had€been€shot€to€death€in€a€remoteÏarea€in€McMinn€County.€€The€State€placed€the€defendant€with€the€victim€on€theÏevening€of€his€death.€€The€State€located€the€murder€weapon€and€placed€it€in€theÐ  :À00 Ðhands€of€the€defendant€during€the€time€period€the€victim€was€killed.€€MostÏsignificantly,€the€State€obtained€a€confession€from€the€defendant€in€which€sheÏadmitted€that€she€shot€and€killed€the€victim.€€Finally,€the€State€proved€that€theÏdefendant€did€not€report€the€death€of€the€victim€and€attempted€to€avoid€prosecution.ÌÌà ` àIn€order€to€obtain€a€conviction€for€felony€murder€in€this€case,€the€State€wasÏrequired€to€prove€(1)€a€reckless€killing€of€another,€(2)€committed€in€the€perpetrationÏof€a€robbery.€€T.C.A.€ðð39„13„202€(a)(2).€€In€order€to€obtain€a€conviction€for€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery,€the€State€had€to€prove€(1)€the€intentional€or€knowing€theft€ofÏproperty€from€the€person€of€another€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear,€(2)Ïaccomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon,€and€(3)€when€the€victim€suffers€serious€bodilyÏinjury.€€T.C.A.€ðð39„13„401€(1991),€ðð39„13„403€(a).ÌÌà ` àIt€is€a€long„standing€tenet€of€Tennessee€law€that€to€sustain€a€conviction€forÏfelony€murder,€the€killing€must€have€been€done€in€pursuance€of€the€felony€and€mustÏnot€merely€be€collateral€to€the€unlawful€act.€€òòState€v.€Seversóó,€759€S.W.2d€935,€938Ð Ø'x Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€In€other€words,€for€a€murder€to€be€done€in€ð ðperpetrationÏofðð€the€felony,€ð ðthe€killing€must€have€had€an€intimate€relation€and€close€connectionÏwith€the€felony€and€not€be€separate,€distinct,€and€independent€from€it.ðð€€òòFarmer€v.Ð ð-$$ ÐStateóó,€201€Tenn.€107,€296€S.W.2d€879,€883€(1956)€(citing€òòWharton€on€Homicideóó,Ð ø/˜&& Ððð126).ÌÌà ` àThe€State€contends€the€defendant€robbed€the€victim€of€$200.00€which€theÏvictim€took€from€the€ATM€machine.€€€Evidence€that€a€person€took€the€property€ofÏanother€after€killing€him€and€appropriated€it€to€his€own€use€is€sufficient€to€sustain€aÐ  :À00 ÐñkñÑ/V ÑÑX°ÑÑ  Ññkñconviction€of€murder€in€an€attempt€to€commit€a€robbery,€though€no€previous€purposeÏto€rob€appears,€since€his€act€raises€a€strong€presumption€that€he€intended€to€do€whatÏhe€afterwards€voluntarily€did.€€òòMellendore€v.€Stateóó,€191€S.W.2d€149,€142€(Tenn.Ð p  Ð1945)€(quoting€òòWharton€on€Homicideóó,€3d.Ed.€188).€€The€evidence€relied€upon€by€theÐ x ÐState€to€establish€the€underlying€felony€is€the€admission€of€the€defendant€that€sheÏtook€this€money.€€However,€the€defendantððs€statement€was€that€the€money€was€inÏher€truck€and€not€on€the€person€of€the€victim€when€he€was€killed.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€relies€upon€the€unreported€case€of€òòState€v.€Dunnóó,€(No.€03S01„Ð  @ Ð9211„CR„00104,€S.Ct.€1993).€€In€that€case,€the€Supreme€Court€found€that€theÏevidence€was€inadequate€to€support€the€conviction€of€the€defendant€for€felonyÏmurder.ÌÌà ` àIn€òòDunnóó,€the€evidence€established€that€the€badly€decomposed€body€of€16€yearÐ È#h Ðold€Kathy€Able€was€found€in€a€creek€bed€in€Washington€County.€€She€had€Ìlast€been€seen€alive€on€March€18,€1989,€which€was€almost€two€months€before€herÏbody€was€discovered.€€The€record€also€established€that€on€the€day€beforehand,€theÏvictim€was€seen€kissing€the€defendant.€€For€the€remainder€of€the€evening€and€intoÏthe€next€morning,€the€victim,€the€defendant,€and€Mary€Icenhour€drove€aroundÏdrinking€beer€and€ingesting€prescription€drugs.€€Icenhour€was€eventually€dropped€offÏat€her€home,€and€the€victim€remained€with€the€defendant.€€When€the€victim€wasÏfound,€she€was€naked€below€the€waist.€€Bruises€were€found€around€the€neck.€€ThereÏwere€no€signs€of€trauma€to€the€genital€region€of€the€body€nor€was€it€possible€to€testÏâ âfor€the€presence€of€sperm.€€Based€upon€that€evidence€and€other€circumstantialÐ 8¸.. Ðevidence,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€felony€murder€after€concluding€that€theÏmurder€occurred€during€the€commission€or€attempt€to€commit€a€rape.€€Ìâ âÌà ` àThe€Supreme€Court€concluded€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€supportÏthe€conclusion€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€murder€occurred€during€theÏcommission€of€or€in€an€attempt€to€commit€a€rape.€€Although€there€was€circumstantialÏevidence€of€sexual€activity,€this€evidence€was€not€sufficient€to€establish€that€theÏdefendant€raped€or€attempted€to€rape€the€victim.€€The€Court€then€held€thatÏcircumstantial€evidence€was€sufficient€to€establish€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€thatÏthe€defendant€killed€Kathy€Able.€€The€Court€reversed€the€conviction€for€felony€murderÏand€modified€the€judgment€to€reflect€a€conviction€of€second€degree€murder€relyingÏupon€the€rule€of€law€that€a€homicide,€once€established,€is€presumed€to€be€murder€inÏthe€second€degree.ÌÌà ` àHowever,€Ô‡ ŠWôŠŠŠWôÔabsent€the€portions€of€Defendantððs€statement€to€police€which€alludeÐ Ð%p Ðto€a€kidnapping€by€the€victim€and€a€shooting€in€self„defense,€a€review€of€theÏevidence€in€this€case,€and€all€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom,€reveals€theÏfollowing.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€victim€was€in€the€company€of€the€Defendant€after€she€got€off€workÏfrom€the€Mouseððs€Ear€West€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€April€16,€1995.€€AtÏapproximately€2:44€a.m.€on€April€16,€the€victim€withdrew€$200.00€from€an€ATMÏmachine,€and€a€person€(the€strong€inference€being€the€Defendant)€was€driving€theÏvictimððs€vehicle€at€the€time€the€money€was€withdrawn.€€The€Defendant€shot€the€victimÏonce€in€the€head€with€a€nine€millimeter€pistol€which€had€been€in€her€possession€priorÐ  :À00 Ðto€the€homicide.€€The€victim€was€shot€at€a€remote€location€approximately€100€yardsÏfrom€a€county€highway€in€McMinn€County.€€The€Defendant€resided€in€McMinnÏCounty€and€the€victim€had€no€ties€to€McMinn€County.€€All€of€the€cash€which€had€beenÏrecently€withdrawn€by€the€victim€from€the€ATM€was€missing.€€The€pants€pockets€ofÏthe€victim€were€turned€out€as€if€someone€had€reached€in€to€empty€the€contents.€€AÏfew€coins€were€found€near€the€victimððs€body.€€His€wallet€and€checkbook€were€alsoÏmissing.€€The€victimððs€pickup€truck€was€later€found€at€a€motel€parking€lot€after€hisÏbody€had€been€discovered.€€The€keys€to€the€vehicle€were€located€on€top€of€a€lockerÏat€the€Mouseððs€Ear€West€where€the€Defendant€stated€she€had€placed€them.€€WhenÏinitially€interviewed€by€a€T.B.I.€agent,€the€Defendant€denied€having€any€knowledgeÏof€the€victimððs€death.€œñlñ€It€is€my€opinion€that€the€evidence€summarized€above€clearlyÏproves€a€homicide€committed€in€the€perpetration€of€an€especially€aggravatedÏrobbery.ñlñ›ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€controlling€principle€of€law€on€this€issue€is€succinctly€stated€by€theÏmajority€of€a€panel€of€our€court€in€òòState€v.€James€Clayton€Young,€Jr.óó,€C.C.A.€No.Ð È#h Ð01C01„9605„CC„00208,€Rutherford€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€May€22,Ï1998).€€It€reads€as€follows:€ÌÓÓÌà8 ` àIn€our€view,€a€jury€is€entitled€to€accept€that€portion€of€the€defendantððsÏpre„trial€statement€or€testimony€that€it€deemed€credible€and€reject€thatÏwhich€it€deemed€to€be€false.€€òòState€v.€Gilbertóó,€612€S.W.2d€188,€190Ð ì,Œ## Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980)(citing€òòBatey€v.€Stateóó,€527€S.W.2d€148€(Tenn.Ð ð-$$ ÐCrim.€App.€1975)).€€ððIn€confessions€or€statements€of€the€kind€voluntarilyÏmade€by€the€accused€the€jury€must€take€the€whole€of€this€statement€orÏconfession€and€weigh€it€as€they€weigh€the€other€evidence,€rejectingÏsome€part€if€they€desire€to€do€so€and€giving€credit€to€other€parts€of€theÏstatement€if€they€have€a€sufficient€reason€to€do€so€under€all€theÏevidence€as€it€is€introduced.ðð€€òòEspitia€v.€Stateóó,€288€S.W.2d€731,€733Ð 4¨** Ð(Tenn.€1956).€€This€quote€from€the€òòEspitiaóó€opinion€is€consistent€with€theÐ  5¬++ Ðgeneral€rule:Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àIt€is€for€the€jury€to€say€what€weight€shall€be€given€to€theÏâ âseveral€parts€of€the€statement,€for€they€may€well€believeÐ 9¼// Ðthat€part€which€charges€the€prisoner,€and€reject€that€whichÏtends€to€exculpate€him.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðâ âÌà8 ` à20€Am.€Jur.,€òòEvidenceóó,€ðð€488€(1939€&€Supp.€1966);€òòseeóó€29A€Am.€Jur.Ð l  Ð2d,€òòEvidenceóó,€ðð€1431€(1994).Ðp ` (#` (# ÐÌÌòòYoungóó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9605„CC„00208,€slip€op.€at€17.Ð | ÐÌÓgÓœÔ#†ŠWôŠŠ ŠWô¾^#ÔñmñÌñmñ›œñmñà ` àñmñ›œñmñIn€light€of€the€majority€opinion€in€òòñmññnñClaytonóóñnññoñ,€the€evidence€was€suficient€to€sustainÐ Œ,  Ðthe€conviction€of€felony€murder.Ìñoññnññmñóóñmññnñ›Ìà ` àThis€issue€is€without€merit.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€second€issue€presented€for€review€is€that€the€defendant€was€denied€a€fairÏtrial€by€the€introduction€of€her€husbandððs€testimony€and€his€prior€statements€and€byÏthe€circumstances€surrounding€his€interrogation.ÌÌà ` àStatements€attributed€to€Brian€Cochran€or€made€by€him€came€into€evidence€Ïthree€times.€€Special€Agent€T.€J.€Jordan€testified€that€he€took€a€statement€fromÏCochran€in€which€Cochran€implicated€the€defendant.€€Although€the€defendant€did€notÏobject€to€that€testimony,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€œthat€that›€statement€was€notÏto€be€considered€as€evidence€of€guilt.ÌÌà ` àPolygraph€examiner€Malcomb€Elrod€testified€that€Cochran€failed€the€polygraphÏexamination.€€Cochran€then€stated€that€his€wife€told€him€about€killing€this€individual.€ÏShe€also€told€him€that€she€had€described€how€she€had€shot€him€and€where€she€hadÏobtained€the€gun.€€The€defendant€did€not€object€to€this€testimony.Ð 9¼// Їà ` àFinally,€Brian€Cochran€testified€that€his€ex„wife,€the€defendant,€told€him€sheÏhad€a€set€of€keys€from€a€truck€and€that€she€needed€to€talk€to€him.€€She€also€told€himÏsomeone€had€been€shot.€€The€defendant€objected€to€Cochranððs€testimony,€and€heÏwas€not€allowed€to€testify€further.€€The€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€to€disregard€theÏtestimony.ÌÌà ` àThe€testimony€of€Special€Agent€Jordan€and€polygraph€examiner,€Elrod,€wasÏclearly€inadmissible.€€However,€error€may€not€be€predicated€upon€a€ruling€admittingÏevidence€unless€a€substantial€right€of€a€party€was€affected€and€unless€a€timelyÏobjection€was€made.€€Rule€103(a),€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€€No€objection€was€made€by€theÏdefendant€to€this€testimony.€€Furthermore,€the€evidence€was€cumulative€and€evenÏhad€it€been€admitted€over€the€objection€of€the€defendant,€then€the€error€would€haveÏbeen€harmless.ÌÌà ` àThe€testimony€of€Brian€Cochran€at€the€trial€was€not€incriminating€to€theÏdefendant,€and,€therefore,€it€did€not€affect€a€substantial€right€of€the€defendant.€ÏFurthermore,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€to€disregard€the€evidence.ÌÌà ` àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà ` àThe€final€issue€presented€for€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€failingÏto€require€the€State€to€elect€between€first€degree€felony€murder€and€premeditatedÏfirst€degree€murder€at€the€close€of€its€proof.Ìâ âÐ 8¸.. Ðà ` àThe€defendant€argues€that€because€only€one€person€had€been€killed,€the€StateÏâ âwas€required€to€elect€whether€it€was€seeking€a€conviction€for€first€degree€felonyÏmurder€or€for€first€degree€premeditated€murder.€€Although€the€defendant€mayÏdemand€that€the€State€elect€between€factual€occurrences€in€an€indictment,€the€StateÏis€not€required€to€elect€between€separate€charges€in€the€same€indictment.€€òòState€v.Ð €  ÐHenleyóó,€774€S.W.2d€908,€916€(Tenn.€1989).Ð ˆ(  ÐÌà ` àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà ` àFor€the€reasons€hereinabove€set€forth,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€isÏaffirmed.ÌÔ‡ ŠWôŠŠŠWôÔÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àà (# à¼à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à___________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àœTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JñfñudgeñfñÌÔ#†ŠWôŠŠ ŠWô)z#ÔÔ‡ ŠWôŠŠŠWôÔÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ____________________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€Jñgñudge€ñgññhñUDGEñhñÌÌÌ____________________________________ÌWILLIAM€B.€ACREE,€JR.,€Sñiñpecial€Judge€ñiññjñPECIAL€JUDGEñjñÌÔ#†ŠWôŠŠ ŠWôÎ{#ÔÔ‡ ŠWôŠŠŠWôÔÌÌ€Ô#†ŠWôŠŠ ŠWôÞ|#ÔÔ‡Š†!ŠŠŠWôÔÐ ü0œ'' Ðà ` àÌ€ÌÔ#†ŠWôŠŠŠ†!#}#Ô€