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ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€P„25216€€€€€€Arthur€T.€Bennett,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2003„00529„CCA„R3„PC€€„€Filed€November€18,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€petitioner,€Nadia€Coffer,€appeals€the€lower€courtððs€denial€of€her€post„conviction€relief€petition.€Ð V¦  ÐThe€petitioner€originally€entered€guilty€pleas€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€to€especiallyÐ ? Ðaggravated€kidnapping€and€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€received€two€concurrent€fifteen„yearÐ (x Ðsentences,€the€minimum€sentences€for€these€Class€A€felonies.€€On€appeal,€the€petitioner€contendsÐ a Ðher€pleas€were€unknowingly€and€involuntarily€entered€due€to€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€WeÐ úJ Ðaffirm€the€judgment€of€the€post„conviction€court.Ð ã3 ÐÓŸÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ µ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼‘Y»àXÔwu#ÔÔ‡XÔwX.¼‘YÔJoe€G.€Riley,óó€J.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€òòJohn€EverettÐ ˆØ ÐWilliams,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð qÁ ÐÌJoshua€B.€Spickler,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Nadia€Coffer.Ð C“ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€P.€Robin€Dixon,€Jr.,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð e ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Lee€V.€Coffee,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ þN ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ç 7  ÐÓÄÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼‘Y»XXÔwó#ÔÔ‡XÔwX»¼‘YÔÐ ¹" " ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼‘Y»XXÔwŠ #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XÔwX»¼‘YÔà  àThis€is€yet€another€Gangster€Disciple€case.€€The€petitioner€pled€guilty€to€attempted€firstÐ Œ$Ü$ Ðdegree€murder€and€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€Class€A€felonies,€and€received€concurrentÐ u%Å % Ðfifteen„year€sentences€for€each€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„11„117(a)(2)€(attempted€firstÐ ^&®!& Ðdegree€murder),€39„13„305(b)(1)€(especially€aggravated€kidnapping).€€The€petitioner€was€sentencedÐ G'—"' Ðas€a€violent€offender€for€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction€requiring€service€of€100%Ð 0(€#( ÐÔ#cdddÔof€her€sentence,€òòsee€id.óó€ðð€40„35„501(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(1),€(2)(C),€and€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender€for€the€attemptedÐ )i$) ÐÔ#ddcdÔfirst€degree€murder€conviction€requiring€service€of€30%€of€her€sentence€before€being€eligible€forÐ *R%* Ðrelease,€òòsee€id.€óóðð€40„35„501(c).Ð ë*;&+ ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òI.€€POST„CONVICTION€PROCEEDINGSó óÐ ¦-ö(.ý ЇÓ  Óà  àAt€the€time€the€offenses€were€committed,€the€petitioner€held€the€rank€of€Governor,€which€wasÐ ° ÐÔ#cdddÔthe€highest„ranking€female€over€the€Gangster€Disciples€in€Memphis.€€The€petitioner€was€indicted€withÐ ™é ÐÔ#ddcdÔtwo€co„defendants,€all€of€whom€were€members€of€the€Gangster€Disciples.€€According€to€the€charges,Ð ‚Ò Ðthe€victim€was€taken€from€her€residence€to€Rose€Hill€Cemetery€where€she€was€shot€six€times,€yetÐ k» Ðsurvived.€€The€petitioner€maintained€she€did€not€commit€these€acts€nor€order€that€these€acts€beÐ T¤ Ðcommitted.€€At€the€post„conviction€hearing,€she€testified€she€informed€defense€counsel€that€she€wasÐ =  Ðinnocent€of€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€charge.€€She€further€stated€defense€counsel€neverÐ & v Ðreviewed€with€her€the€concept€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another.Ð  _ ÐÌÔ#cdddÔà  àDefense€counsel€was€retained€by€the€petitionerððs€family€and€represented€her€for€approximatelyÐ á 1  ÐÔ#ddcdÔtwenty€months€from€the€time€she€was€indicted€until€she€entered€the€guilty€pleas€on€December€5,Ð Ê   Ð2000.€€The€petitioner€testified€defense€counsel€held€four€or€five€meetings€with€her€during€thisÐ ³  Ðtwenty„month€period.€€Upon€requesting€a€copy€of€the€evidence€relating€to€her€case,€defense€counselÐ œì  Ðsent€her€a€copy€of€the€discovery€materials€received€from€the€state€and€told€her€that€he€had€noÐ …Õ  Ðadditional€evidence.€€The€discovery€materials€consisted€of€police€reports,€crime€scene€reports,€andÐ n¾  Ðstatements€from€witnesses.€€The€petitioner€conceded€defense€counsel€reviewed€the€discoveryÐ W§  Ðmaterials€with€her.Ð @ ÐÌÔ#cdddÔà  àThe€petitioner€testified€she€requested€defense€counsel€interview€twenty„five€to€thirty€witnessesÐ b ÐÔ#ddcdÔwho€were€listed€in€the€discovery€materials.€€She€explained€that€Nilda€Hale,€a€co„defendant€who€hadÐ ûK Ðgiven€a€statement€to€the€police,€was€not€present€when€the€offenses€occurred,€and€Haleððs€statementÐ ä4 Ðdid€not€coincide€with€other€discovery€materials.€€Although€defense€counsel€interviewed€Hale,€theÐ Í Ðpetitioner€did€not€know€whether€he€interviewed€the€other€witnesses.€€Although€the€petitioner€did€notÐ ¶ Ðrecall€the€names€of€the€witnesses€whom€she€wanted€defense€counsel€to€interview,€she€stated€theseÐ Ÿï Ðwitnesses€would€have€testified€that€she€did€not€participate€in€the€commission€of€the€offenses€norÐ ˆØ Ðorder€the€offenses€be€committed.€€The€petitioner€testified€six€of€these€witnesses€were€with€her€on€theÐ qÁ Ðday€in€which€the€offenses€occurred.€€She€stated€that€although€she€did€not€reveal€this€information€toÐ Zª Ðdefense€counsel,€she€instructed€him€to€interview€these€witnesses.Ð C“ ÐÌà  àThe€petitioner€stated€defense€counsel€informed€her€that€if€convicted€at€trial,€she€could€receiveÐ e Ða€maximum€sentence€of€twenty„five€years€on€each€count,€and€the€trial€court€could€order€theÐ þN Ðsentences€to€be€served€consecutively,€resulting€in€an€effective€fifty„year€sentence.€€She€informedÐ ç 7 Ðdefense€counsel€that€she€still€wished€to€go€to€trial.€€The€petitioner€testified€defense€counsel€did€notÐ Ð!   Ðexplain€the€possibility€of€a€conviction€for€a€lesser„included€offense€and€never€presented€a€plea€offerÐ ¹" ! Ðfor€a€lesser€offense€to€her.Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  àThe€trial€was€set€on€December€5,€2000,€the€day€in€which€the€petitioner€entered€the€pleas.€€OnÐ t%Ä $ Ðthe€evening€of€December€4th,€defense€counsel€and€an€attorney€from€his€office€met€with€the€petitionerÐ ]&­!% Ðand€presented€the€plea€offer€of€fifteen€years.€€The€petitioner€testified€defense€counsel€told€her€thatÐ F'–"& Ðð ðthey€had€nothing€to€go€to€trial€with.ðð€€The€petitioner€stated€that€when€she€told€defense€counsel€thatÐ /(#' Ðshe€still€wanted€to€go€to€trial€and€would€appeal€if€convicted,€defense€counsel€stated€no€grounds€forÐ )h$( Ðappeal€would€exist.€€The€petitioner€entered€the€pleas€the€following€day.€€She€stated€she€entered€theÐ *Q%) Ðpleas€as€a€result€of€the€meeting€and€due€to€defense€counselððs€failure€to€investigate€her€case.Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà  àThe€petitioner€conceded€that€during€the€plea€hearing,€she€informed€the€trial€judge€that€sheÐ ° Ðand€defense€counsel€thoroughly€discussed€her€case;€defense€counsel€investigated€her€case€andÐ ™é Ðperformed€legal€research;€she€was€satisfied€with€defense€counselððs€representation;€she€was€notÐ ‚Ò Ðpressured€into€entering€the€pleas;€she€was€aware€of€her€right€to€a€jury€trial€and€her€right€to€assistanceÐ k» Ðof€counsel;€and€€she€did€not€want€a€jury€trial.€€The€petitioner€further€conceded€defense€counsel€didÐ T¤ Ðnot€instruct€her€or€force€her€to€plead€guilty,€but€instead,€merely€informed€her€of€her€options.Ð =  ÐÌà  àDefense€counsel€testified€he€filed€approximately€ten€pretrial€motions€on€the€petitionerððsÐ  _ Ðbehalf,€including€a€motion€for€discovery,€a€motion€to€sever€the€defendants,€and€a€motion€to€suppress.€Ð ø H ÐHe€stated€the€petitioner€did€not€request€that€any€additional€motions€be€filed.€€Defense€counsel€statedÐ á 1  Ðeither€he€or€an€attorney€from€his€office€conducted€four€meetings€with€the€petitioner€and€spoke€to€herÐ Ê   Ðover€the€telephone€on€numerous€occasions.€€In€addition,€defense€counsel€met€with€the€petitioner€atÐ ³  Ðthe€courthouse€during€thirteen€court€proceedings€involving€her€case.Ð œì  ÐÌà  àThe€petitioner€was€provided€with€a€copy€of€the€discovery€materials,€and€defense€counselÐ n¾  Ðdiscussed€them€with€her.€€The€discovery€materials€included€a€police€probable€cause€statement€andÐ W§  Ða€statement€by€co„defendant€Hale.€€According€to€Haleððs€statement,€due€to€a€problem€between€theÐ @ Ðpetitioner€and€the€victim,€co„defendant€Marquez€Winters€broke€into€the€victimððs€apartment,€and€theÐ )y Ðpetitioner€drove€the€victim€and€the€co„defendants€to€a€cemetery€where€Winters€shot€her.€€WintersÐ b Ðhad€also€given€an€oral€statement€in€which€he€maintained€all€of€the€defendants€were€present€when€theÐ ûK Ðoffenses€occurred€and€identified€the€petitioner€as€the€shooter.€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àDefense€counsel€discussed€with€the€petitioner€the€possibility€of€entering€a€plea€to€a€lesserÐ ¶ Ðcharge.€€The€petitioner€was€charged€with€two€Class€A€felonies,€one€of€which€was€a€violent€offenseÐ Ÿï Ðrequiring€service€of€100%€of€the€sentence.€€Defense€counsel€opined€that€based€upon€theÐ ˆØ Ðcircumstances€of€the€offenses,€if€the€petitioner€were€convicted€at€trial,€the€trial€judge€would€imposeÐ qÁ Ðthe€maximum€twenty„five„year€sentence€for€each€conviction€and€order€the€sentences€to€runÐ Zª Ðconsecutively.€€In€exchange€for€the€petitionerððs€testimony€against€co„defendant€Winters,€the€stateÐ C“ Ðagreed€to€allow€the€petitioner€to€enter€guilty€pleas€to€facilitation€as€Class€B€felonies€with€a€fifteen„Ð ,| Ðyear€sentence€as€a€Range€II€offender€at€35%.€€However,€the€petitioner€declined€to€accept€the€pleaÐ e Ðoffer.Ð þN ÐÌà  àDefense€counsel€did€not€recall€the€petitionerððs€providing€him€with€a€list€of€witnesses€toÐ Ð!   Ðinterview€or€discussing€potential€alibi€witnesses€with€him.€€He€stated€that€had€the€petitioner€providedÐ ¹" ! Ðhim€with€a€list€of€witnesses,€he€would€have€subpoenaed€them.€€In€preparing€for€trial,€defense€counselÐ ¢#ò" Ðissued€subpoenas€for€two€police€officers€and€co„defendant€Hale.€€He€planned€to€use€the€policeÐ ‹$Û# Ðofficers€to€bring€out€certain€items€from€the€police€report€and€Hale€to€bring€out€a€prior€inconsistentÐ t%Ä $ Ðstatement€which€she€had€given.Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àDefense€counsel€testified€he€did€not€recall€discouraging€the€petitioner€from€going€to€trial€orÐ /(#' Ðtelling€her€that€he€had€ð ðnothingðð;€rather,€he€was€prepared€to€try€her€case€on€December€5th.€€DefenseÐ )h$( Ðcounsel€stated€that€on€the€evening€prior€to€trial,€he€and€the€petitioner€discussed€the€facts€of€her€caseÐ *Q%) Ðâ âas€he€expected€the€state€to€present€them€at€trial.€€He€explained€to€the€petitioner€that€the€state€plannedÐ ê*:&* Ðto€present€the€testimony€of€the€victim,€the€medical€examiner,€numerous€police€officers,€and€ð ðT.Ð ° ÐMoney,ðð€a€Gangster€Disciple€who€aided€the€petitioner€in€leaving€town€following€the€shooting.Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àDefense€counsel€discussed€with€the€petitioner€the€concept€of€criminal€responsibility€for€theÐ k» Ðconduct€of€another€and€the€stateððs€theory€that€the€petitioner€ordered€the€co„defendants€to€commit€theÐ T¤ Ðoffenses.€€Defense€counsel€opined€that€the€risk€of€conviction€at€trial€was€ð ðsizeableðð€due€to€theÐ =  Ðpetitionerððs€rank€and€authority€in€the€Gangster€Disciples.€€He€and€the€petitioner€thoroughly€discussedÐ & v Ðher€options.€€Although€the€petitioner€disputed€one€of€the€charges,€the€possible€sentence€for€the€otherÐ  _ Ðcharge€was€greater€than€the€effective€fifteen„year€sentence€which€the€petitioner€received€pursuantÐ ø H Ðto€the€plea€agreement.€€Defense€counsel€did€not€recall€the€petitionerððs€expressing€dissatisfaction€withÐ á 1  Ðhis€representation€and€stated€he€did€not€force€her€to€enter€the€pleas.Ð Ê   ÐÌÓ  Óò òII.€€POST„CONVICTION€COURTððS€FINDINGSó óÐ œì  ÐÌÓ  ÓÔ#cdddÔà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€post„conviction€hearing,€theÔ#cfcdÔ€courÔ#cicfÔt€Ô#cdciÔmade€oral€findings€andÐ o¿  Ðsubsequently€Ô#ddcdÔfiled€written€findings€denying€the€petitioner€relief.€€It€accredited€the€testimony€of€trialÐ X¨  Ðcounsel€and€found€that€the€petitioner€knowingly€and€voluntarily€entered€the€guilty€pleas€and€that€trialÐ A‘ Ðcounsel€was€not€deficient€in€his€representation.€€The€court€noted€that€during€the€plea€hearing,€the€trialÐ *z Ðcourt€informed€the€petitioner€of€her€rights€and€the€consequences€of€entering€the€guilty€pleas.€€TheÐ c Ðpost„conviction€court€further€noted€that€at€the€post„conviction€relief€hearing,€the€petitioner€admittedÐ üL Ðshe€freely€and€voluntarily€entered€the€pleas€and€that€defense€counsel€did€not€instruct€her€or€force€herÐ å5 Ðto€enter€the€pleas.€€The€court€observed€that€the€petitioner€was€offered€a€lesser€sentence€in€exchangeÐ Î Ðfor€her€testimony€against€a€co„defendant,€but€declined€the€offer.€€Finally,€the€post„conviction€courtÐ · Ðfound€that€prior€to€entering€the€pleas,€the€petitioner€never€informed€the€trial€court€that€she€wantedÐ  ð Ða€jury€trial,€and€the€petitioner€ultimately€pled€guilty€ð ðin€order€to€avoid€the€possibility€of€receivingÐ ‰Ù Ða€greater€sentence€by€a€jury.ððÐ r ÐÓ  ÓÌò òIII.€€ABSENCE€OF€GUILTY€PLEA€TRANSCRIPTó óÐ D” ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€petitioner€contends€her€guilty€pleas€were€unknowingly€and€involuntarily€entered€due€toÐ g Ðineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€However,€the€petitioner€failed€to€include€the€transcript€of€theÐ  P Ðguilty€plea€hearing€in€the€record€before€this€court.€€We€conclude€the€transcript€of€this€proceeding€isÐ é 9 Ðessential€to€our€examination€of€these€issues.€€It€is€the€duty€of€the€accused€to€provide€a€record€whichÐ Ò!"  Ðconveys€a€fair,€accurate,€and€complete€account€of€what€transpired€regarding€the€issues€which€formÐ »" ! Ðthe€basis€of€the€appeal.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€992€S.W.2d€941,€944€(Tenn.Ð ¤#ô" Ð1999).€€Therefore,€these€issues€would€ordinarily€be€waived€for€failure€to€include€the€guilty€pleaÐ $Ý# Ðtranscript€in€the€appellate€record.€€Regardless€of€waiver,€we€conclude€the€petitionerððs€issues€areÐ v%Æ $ Ðwithout€merit.Ð _&¯!% ÐÌÌò òÓ  ÓIV.€€STANDARD€OF€REVIEWó óÐ )j$( ÐÓªAÓÌÔ‡Xs" XXXÔwÔà  àThe€post„conviction€judgeððs€findings€of€fact€on€post„conviction€hearings€are€conclusive€onÐ í*=&* Ðappeal€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.€€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.Ð Ö+&'+ Ð1999).€€Those€findings€of€fact€are€afforded€the€weight€of€a€jury€verdict,€and€this€court€is€bound€byÐ ° Ðthe€findings€unless€the€evidence€in€the€record€preponderates€against€those€findings.€€òòHenley€v.€Stateóó,Ð ™é Ð960€S.W.2d€572,€578€(Tenn.€1997);€òòAlley€v.€Stateóó,€958€S.W.2d€138,€147€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€Ð ‚Ò ÐThis€court€may€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence,€nor€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawnÐ k» Ðby€the€post„conviction€court.€€òòState€v.€Honeycuttóó,€54€S.W.3d€762,€766€(Tenn.€2001)òòóó.€€However,€theÐ T¤ Ðpost„conviction€courtððs€conclusions€of€law€are€reviewed€under€a€purely€òòde€novoóó€standard€with€noÐ =  Ðpresumption€of€correctness.€€òòFields€v.€Stateóó,€40€S.W.3d€450,€458€(Tenn.€2001).Ô#†XÔwX XXs"öA#ÔÐ & v ÐÌÓ  Óò òV.€€INEFFECTIVE€ASSISTANCE€OF€COUNSELó óÐ ø H ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€petitioner€contends€she€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€in€entering€her€guiltyÐ Ë   Ðpleas.€€Specifically,€she€maintains€defense€counsel€was€ineffective€in€failing€to€adequatelyÐ ´  Ðinvestigate€her€case€and€interview€witnesses.€€We€disagree.Ð í  ÐÌò òA.€€Ineffective€Assistance€of€Counsel,€Generallyó óÐ o¿  ÐÌÔ‡Xs" XXXÔwÔà  àFor€a€petitioner€to€successfully€overturn€a€conviction€based€on€ineffective€assistance€ofÐ B’ Ðcounsel,€the€petitioner€must€first€establish€that€the€services€rendered€or€the€advice€given€was€belowÐ +{ Ðð ðthe€range€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.ðð€€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2dÐ d Ð930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€Second,€the€petitioner€must€show€that€the€deficiencies€ð ðactually€had€anÐ ýM Ðadverse€effect€on€the€defense.ðð€€òòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€693,€104€S.€Ct.€2052,€80Ð æ6 ÐL.€Ed.€2d€674€(1984).€€As€to€guilty€pleas,€the€petitioner€must€establish€that,€but€for€counselððs€errors,Ð Ï Ðpetitioner€would€not€have€entered€the€plea€and€would€have€insisted€on€going€to€trial.€òòSeeóó€òòHill€v.Ð ¸ ÐLockhartóó,€474€U.S.€52,€59,€106€S.€Ct.€366,€88€L.€Ed.€2d€203€(1985).Ô#†XÔwX XXs"iH#ÔÐ ¡ñ ÐÌÔ‡Xs" XXXÔwÔà  àð ðWhen€a€petitioner€contends€that€trial€counsel€failed€to€discover,€interview,€or€presentÐ sà Ðwitnesses€in€support€of€his€[or€her]€defense,€these€witnesses€should€be€presented€by€the€petitionerÐ \¬ Ðat€the€evidentiary€hearing.ðð€€òòBlack€v.€Stateóó,€794€S.W.2d€752,€757€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990);€òòsee€alsoóóÐ E• ÐòòScott€v.€Stateóó,€936€S.W.2d€271,€273€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€As€a€general€rule,€this€is€the€only€wayÐ .~ Ðthe€petitioner€can€establish€that€(1)€a€material€witness€existed€who€could€have€been€discovered€butÐ g Ðfor€counselððs€negligent€investigation€of€the€case;€(2)€a€known€witness€was€not€interviewed;€(3)€theÐ  P Ðfailure€to€discover€or€interview€the€witness€caused€him€prejudice;€or€(4)€the€failure€to€present€aÐ é 9 Ðknown€witness€resulted€in€the€denial€of€critical€evidence€which€caused€the€petitioner€prejudice.€Ð Ò!"  ÐòòBlackóó,€794€S.W.2d€at€757.€€Neither€the€trial€court€nor€this€court€can€speculate€on€what€a€witnessððsÐ »" ! Ðtestimony€might€have€been€if€introduced€by€counsel.€€òòId.óóÔ#†XÔwX XXs"oL#ÔÐ ¤#ô" ÐÌÌÌÌò òB.€€Analysisó óÐ 1(#' ÐÌà  àWe€note€that€although€the€petitioner€contends€defense€counsel€failed€to€interview€witnesses,Ð *T%) Ðno€potential€witnesses€testified€during€the€post„conviction€relief€hearing.€€Furthermore,€during€theÐ í*=&* Ðhearing,€the€petitioner€was€unable€to€specifically€identify€the€witnesses€whom€she€claimed€defenseÐ Ö+&'+ Ðcounsel€failed€to€interview.€€Thus,€the€petitioner€has€filed€to€establish€prejudice.€€Moreover,€the€post„Ð ° ÐÔ#cdddÔconviction€court€found€that€defense€counsel€was€in€no€way€deficient€and€ð ðdid€all€he€could€do€basedÐ ™é Ðon€the€circumstances€and€the€facts€he€had€before€him.€.€.€.ðð€€Defense€counsel€interviewed€andÐ ‚Ò Ðsubpoenaed€Ô#ddcdÔwitnesses,€met€the€petitioner€on€several€occasions,€filed€numerous€pretrial€motions,€andÐ k» Ðthoroughly€discussed€all€matters€with€the€petitioner.€€Therefore,€the€petitioner€failed€to€establishÐ T¤ Ðdefense€counsel€was€deficient€and€that€any€alleged€deficiency€resulted€in€prejudice.€€This€issue€isÐ =  Ðwithout€merit.Ð & v ÐÌÓ  Óò òVI.€€VOLUNTARINESS€OF€GUILTY€PLEAó óÐ ø H ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€petitioner€next€contends€her€guilty€pleas€were€unknowingly€and€involuntarily€entered.€Ð Ë   ÐWe€disagree.Ð ´  ÐÌà  àÔ‡Xs" XXXÔwÔIn€examining€the€voluntariness€of€a€guilty€plea,€our€supreme€court€has€stated€the€following:Ð †Ö  ÐÌà8  àà ` àThe€cases€of€òòBoykin€v.€Alabamaóó€and€òòState€v.€Mackeyóó€are€the€landmarkÐ X¨  Ðconstitutional€cases€for€analyses€of€guilty€pleas.€òòBoykin€v.€Alabamaóó,€395€U.S.€238,Ð A‘ Ð89€S.€Ct.€1709,€23€L.€Ed.€2d€274€(1969)€(federal€standard);€òòState€v.€Mackeyóó,€553Ð *z ÐS.W.2d€337€(Tenn.€1977)€(state€standard).€In€òòBoykinóó,€the€United€States€SupremeÐ c ÐCourt€held€that€before€a€trial€judge€can€accept€a€guilty€plea,€there€must€be€anÐ üL Ðaffirmative€showing€that€it€was€given€intelligently€and€voluntarily.€òòId.óó€at€242,€89€S.Ð å5 ÐCt.€at€1711,€23€L.€Ed.€2d€at€279.ÐÎÐ Ð  ÐòòÌState€v.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€542€(Tenn.€1999).€€Ô#†XÔwX XXs"W#ÔÔ‡Xs" XXXÔwÔIn€determining€the€voluntary€and€knowingÐ  ð Ðnature€of€a€guilty€plea,€the€appellate€court€must€examine€all€relevant€circumstances€which€existedÐ ‰Ù Ðwhen€the€plea€was€entered.€€òòBrady€v.€United€Statesóó,€397€U.S.€742,€749,€90€S.€Ct.€1463,€25€L.€Ed.€2dÐ r Ð747€(1970);€òòState€v.€Turneróó,€919€S.W.2d€346,€353€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ô#†XÔwX XXs"×Z#ÔÔ‡Xs" XXXÔwÔ€€Ô#†XÔwX XXs"š\#ÔÐ [« ÐÌà  àIn€concluding€the€guilty€pleas€were€knowingly€and€voluntarily€entered,€the€post„convictionÐ -} Ðcourt€found€that€during€the€plea€hearing,€the€trial€court€informed€the€petitioner€of€her€rights€and€theÐ f Ðconsequences€of€entering€the€pleas.€€During€the€post„conviction€relief€hearing,€the€petitioner€testifiedÐ ÿO Ðshe€voluntarily€entered€the€pleas€and€that€defense€counsel€did€not€instruct€her€or€coerce€her€intoÐ è 8 Ðentering€the€pleas.€€The€post„conviction€court€found€the€petitioner€entered€the€pleas€in€order€to€avoidÐ Ñ!!  Ðthe€possibility€of€receiving€a€greater€sentence€if€convicted€at€trial.€€Pleading€guilty€to€avoid€theÐ º" ! Ðpossibility€of€being€subjected€to€a€higher€punishment€does€not€render€a€plea€involuntary.€€òòBradyóó,€397Ð £#ó" ÐU.S.€at€751.€€We€conclude€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€findings€of€the€post„Ð Œ$Ü# Ðconviction€court.€€The€plea€was€knowingly€and€voluntarily€entered.Ð u%Å $ ÐÌÌÌà@GG%ìàò òCONCLUSIONˆÐ )i$( Ðó óÌà  àBased€upon€our€review€of€the€record€and€the€applicable€law,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€theÐ ì*<&* Ðpost„conviction€court.Ð Õ+%'+ ЇÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à____________________________________€Ð ‚Ò Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE